Carbon emission modeling method of low-pressure cold spraying technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of carbon emission calculation, and particularly discloses a carbon emission modeling method for a low-pressure cold spraying technology, which comprises the following steps of: determining a carbon dioxide source in a low-pressure cold spraying process; the carbon dioxide source comprises an electric energy part and a material part, and the electric energy part comprises a pretreatment subsystem, a gas compression subsystem, a drying subsystem and a spraying subsystem; the material part comprises a substrate, gas and metal powder; and respectively establishing a carbon emission formula of each subsystem of the electric energy part and a carbon emission formula of the material part, and accumulating to obtain a total carbon emission formula of the low-pressure cold spraying technology. The carbon emission modeling method suitable for various devices is constructed based on the technological process of the low-pressure cold spraying technology, and a theoretical basis is provided for low-carbon and energy-saving development of additive manufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of carbon emission calculation, and in particular to a carbon emission modeling method for low-pressure cold spraying technology. Background Art

[0002] Additive manufacturing technology is a new type of manufacturing technology with advantages such as low cost, high efficiency and high processing freedom. Among them, low-pressure cold spray technology is an emerging additive manufacturing technology that uses air or inert gas as an accelerating medium to make solid particles hit the substrate at high speed, thereby producing strong plastic deformation and deposition. Compared with traditional thermal spraying and welding technology, this technology has less thermal impact on the substrate and has been widely used in the remanufacturing and repair of metal parts.

[0003] At present, there are a few precedents for carbon emission research on additive manufacturing technology. Among them, there are more carbon emission research on laser additive manufacturing technology, mainly focusing on laser directed energy deposition technology and selective laser melting technology. However, the models established in these studies have low universality and cannot be widely used to establish carbon emission models for most laser additive manufacturing technologies.

[0004] Research on carbon emissions from low-pressure cold spraying technology can help reduce carbon emissions from the manufacturing process and has reference value for material selection and size design of parts in industrial production. However, there is currently no research on carbon emissions from low-pressure cold spraying technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to improve the current lack of carbon emission research on low-pressure cold spray technology, the present application provides a carbon emission modeling method for low-pressure cold spray technology.

[0006] A carbon emission modeling method for low-pressure cold spraying technology provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A carbon emission modeling method for low-pressure cold spraying technology comprises the following steps:

[0008] Determine the source of carbon dioxide in the low-pressure cold spraying process; the carbon dioxide source includes an electric energy part and a material part, wherein the electric energy part includes a pre-treatment subsystem, a gas compression subsystem, a drying subsystem and a spraying subsystem; the material part includes the substrate, gas and metal powder used;

[0009] The carbon emission formulas of each subsystem of the electric energy part and the carbon emission formulas of each material are established respectively. The carbon emission formulas of each subsystem of the electric energy part and the carbon emission formulas of each material are added together to obtain the total carbon emission formula of the low-pressure cold spraying technology.

[0010] Furthermore, the carbon emission formula of the pre-treatment subsystem is:

[0011] CP =C ce ×(P ps ×T ps +P pw ×T pw )

[0012] In the formula, C P is the carbon emission of the pre-treatment subsystem, C ce is the carbon emission factor for electricity production, P ps is the standby power of the pre-processing subsystem, T ps is the standby time of the pre-processing subsystem, P pw is the working power of the pre-processing subsystem, T pw Working time of the pre-processing subsystem;

[0013] Among them, the working time of the pre-processing subsystem is T pw The calculation formula is:

[0014]

[0015] In the formula, S su is the substrate area, S p is the area processed by the pre-processing subsystem per second; when the pre-processing device is a laser cleaning machine, S p Related to the scanning shape of the laser cleaning machine:

[0016]

[0017] Where r is the point radius when the scanning shape is a point, v p is the scanning speed, L p The length of the line segment when the scan shape is a line segment.

[0018] Furthermore, the carbon emission formula of the gas compression subsystem is:

[0019] C GC =C ce ×(P gcs ×T gcs +P gcw ×T gcw )

[0020] In the formula, C GC is the carbon emission of the gas compression subsystem, P gcs is the standby power of the gas compression subsystem, T gcs is the standby time of the gas compression subsystem, P gcw is the working power of the gas compression subsystem, T gcw Working time of gas compression subsystem.

[0021] Furthermore, the carbon emission formula of the drying subsystem is:

[0022] C D =C ce ×(P ds ×T ds +P dw ×T dw )

[0023] In the formula, C D is the carbon emission of the drying subsystem, P ds is the standby power of the drying subsystem, T ds is the standby time of the drying subsystem, P dw is the working power of the drying subsystem, T dw Working time of the drying subsystem.

[0024] Furthermore, the carbon emission formula of the spraying subsystem is:

[0025] C Sp =C ce ×(P sps ×T sps +P spw ×T spw )

[0026] In the formula, C Sp is the carbon emission of the spraying subsystem, P sps is the standby power of the spraying subsystem, T sps is the standby time of the spraying subsystem, P spw is the working power of the spraying subsystem, T spw Working time for spraying subsystem;

[0027] Among them, the working time of the spraying subsystem is T spw The calculation formula is:

[0028]

[0029] Where, T h T is the time of heating by the spray gun, sp-total is the working time of cold spraying, L is the distance of one spraying pass, v is the forward speed of the spray gun, and n is the number of spraying passes.

[0030] Furthermore, the carbon emissions of the substrate used are:

[0031] C Su =C csu ×m su

[0032] In the formula, C Su is the carbon emission of the substrate used, C csu is the carbon emission factor for substrate production, m su To consume the quality of the substrate.

[0033] Furthermore, the carbon emissions of the gas used are:

[0034] C Ga =C ega ×q ga ×T ga

[0035] In the formula, C Ga is the carbon emission of the gas used, C ega is the carbon emission factor of the consumed gas, q ga is the gas consumption flow rate, T ga is the gas flow time.

[0036] Furthermore, metal powders are divided into recyclable single powders and non-recyclable mixed powders. The carbon emissions of metal powders used are:

[0037]

[0038] Among them, C M Carbon emissions from metal powder used, C emi is the carbon emission factor of different metal powders, m mi is the amount of different metal powder added, C em is the carbon emission factor of metal powder, m m It is the usage of metal powder.

[0039] Furthermore, the total carbon emission formula of low-pressure cold spray technology is:

[0040]

[0041] The present application also provides a carbon emission model of low-pressure cold spraying technology constructed by the above-mentioned modeling method.

[0042] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0043] Based on the process of low-pressure cold spraying technology, this application constructs a carbon emission modeling method that can be applied to various types of equipment and parts, providing a theoretical basis for low-carbon research in additive manufacturing processes and low-carbon and energy-saving development in the manufacturing industry. The modeling method provided in this application can estimate and predict the carbon emissions of specific cases using specific equipment and process parameters, thereby achieving rapid evaluation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the carbon emission modeling method of the low-pressure cold spraying technology of the embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 2 is the power consumption curve of the laser cleaning machine in the embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 3 is the power consumption curve of the air compressor in the embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 4 is the power consumption curve of the refrigerated compressed air dryer in the embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 5 is the power consumption curve of the cold spray machine in the embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 6 This is the process roadmap of the low-pressure cold spraying process of the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following is combined with Figure 1-6 This application is described in further detail.

[0051] The present application embodiment discloses a carbon emission modeling method of low-pressure cold spraying technology, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1: Determine the source of carbon dioxide during the low-pressure cold spray process; refer to Figure 1 The source of carbon dioxide includes an electric energy part and a material part, wherein the electric energy part includes a pre-treatment subsystem, a gas compression subsystem, a drying subsystem and a spraying subsystem; the material part includes the substrate, gas and metal powder used.

[0053] S2: Establish the carbon emission formula of each subsystem of the power part and the carbon emission formula of each material respectively, add the carbon emission formula of each subsystem of the power part and the carbon emission formula of each material, and get the total carbon emission formula of low-pressure cold spray technology:

[0054] C Total =C P +C GC +C D +C Sp +C Su +C Ga +C M

[0055] In the formula, C Total is the total carbon emission of cold spraying, unit: kg; C P is the carbon emission of the pre-treatment subsystem, unit: kg; C GC is the carbon emission of the gas compression subsystem, in kg; C D is the carbon emission of the drying subsystem, in kg; C Sp is the carbon emission of the spraying subsystem, in kg; C Su is the carbon emission of the substrate used, in kg; C Ga is the carbon emission of the gas used, in kg; CM Carbon emissions from metal powder used, in kg.

[0056] The carbon emission formulas for each subsystem of the electric energy part are as follows:

[0057] S2.1: The pre-treatment subsystem has two states: standby and running. Its carbon emission formula is:

[0058] C P =C ce ×(P ps ×T ps +P pw ×T pw )

[0059] In the formula, C ce is the carbon emission factor for electricity production, unit: kgCO2 / J; P ps is the standby power of the pre-processing subsystem, in W; T ps is the standby time of the pre-processing subsystem, in seconds; P pw is the working power of the pre-processing subsystem, in W; T pw is the working time of the pre-processing subsystem, in seconds;

[0060] Among them, the working time of the pre-processing subsystem is T pw The calculation formula is:

[0061]

[0062] In the formula, S su is the substrate area, unit: m 2 ; S p The area processed by the pre-processing subsystem per second, in m 2 / s; when the current processing equipment is a laser cleaning machine, S p Related to the scanning shape of the laser cleaning machine:

[0063]

[0064] Where r is the point radius when the scanning shape is a point, unit is m; v p is the scanning speed, in m / s; L p It is the length of the line segment when the scanning shape is a line segment, in meters.

[0065] S2.2: The gas compression subsystem has two states: standby and running. Its carbon emission formula is:

[0066] C GC =C ce ×(P gcs ×T gcs +P gcw ×Tgcw )

[0067] Where P gcs is the standby power of the gas compression subsystem, in W; T gcs is the standby time of the gas compression subsystem, in seconds; P gcw is the working power of the gas compression subsystem, in W; T gcw is the working time of the gas compression subsystem, in seconds.

[0068] S2.3: The drying subsystem has two states: standby and operation. Its carbon emission formula is:

[0069] C D =C ce ×(P ds ×T ds +P dw ×T dw )

[0070] Where P ds is the standby power of the drying subsystem, in W; T ds is the standby time of the drying subsystem, in seconds; P dw is the working power of the drying subsystem, in W; T dw is the working time of the drying subsystem, in seconds.

[0071] S2.4: The spraying subsystem has two states: standby and running. The carbon emission formula is:

[0072] C Sp =C ce ×(P sps ×T sps +P spw ×T spw )

[0073] Where P sps is the standby power of the spraying subsystem, in W; T sps is the standby time of the spraying subsystem, unit is s; P spw is the working power of the spraying subsystem, in W; T spw is the working time of the spraying subsystem, unit is s;

[0074] Usually, high temperature gas can be sprayed through the spray gun to heat the substrate to the preheating temperature. Spraying subsystem working time T spw It is related to the spraying moving speed and the number of passes, and the relationship is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] Where, T h T is the time of heating by spray gun, in seconds;sp-total is the working time of cold spraying, in seconds; L is the distance of one spraying pass, in meters; v is the forward speed of the spray gun, in meters / seconds; n is the number of spraying passes, in passes.

[0077] The carbon emission formula for each material is as follows:

[0078] S2.5: Carbon emissions of the substrate used are:

[0079] C Su =C csu ×m su

[0080] In the formula, C csu is the carbon emission factor of substrate production, unit: kgCO2 / J; m su It is the mass of the consumed substrate, in kg.

[0081] S2.6: Carbon emissions of the gas used are:

[0082] C Ga =C ega ×q ga ×T ga

[0083] In the formula, C ega is the carbon emission factor of the consumed gas, unit: kgCO2 / J; q ga The gas consumption flow rate, in m 3 / s;T ga is the gas flow time, in seconds.

[0084] S2.7: Metal powders are divided into recyclable single-element powders and non-recyclable mixed powders. The carbon emissions of metal powders used are:

[0085]

[0086] Among them, C emi is the carbon emission factor of different metal powders, unit: kgCO2 / J; m mi is the amount of different metal powder added, unit: kg; C em is the carbon emission factor of metal powder, unit: kgCO2 / J; m m It is the amount of metal powder used, in kg.

[0087] S2.8: The total carbon emission formula for low-pressure cold spray technology is:

[0088]

[0089] The technical solution is described below in conjunction with specific embodiments:

[0090] First, determine the equipment parameters. The equipment and corresponding parameters used in this embodiment are shown in Table 1.

[0091] Table 1 Basic parameters of low pressure cold spray equipment

[0092]

[0093] Further, the process parameters are determined based on existing experience:

[0094] Process parameters will affect time and power parameters, and thus affect carbon emissions. The value ranges of some process parameters are as follows:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, TEM pre is the preheating temperature, PRE gas is the gas pressure, TEM gas is the gas temperature, d is the spraying distance, v is the forward speed of the spray gun, and θ is the deposition angle.

[0097] The process parameters used in this embodiment are shown in Table 2.

[0098] Table 2 Low pressure cold spraying process parameters

[0099]

[0100] The carbon emission factors of electricity in various regions across the country were obtained from the China Product Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emission Coefficient Database (CPCD). e ) As shown in Table 3, this embodiment adopts the carbon emission factor of the Central China Power Grid.

[0101] Table 3 Carbon emission factors of power grids in various regions

[0102]

[0103] Further, perform equipment power analysis:

[0104] Under the premise that each device meets the process requirements in Table 2, use a power meter to analyze the power of each subsystem device, such as Figure 2-Figure 5 As shown; the average power of each device in the standby or working stage is taken as the standby or working power, as shown in Table 4.

[0105] Table 4 Power of low pressure cold spray equipment

[0106]

[0107] This embodiment uses Q235 with a specification of 50mm×50mm×4mm as the substrate. According to existing research, its carbon emission factor C csuThe mass of the test substrate is taken as the average mass of the substrate, that is, m su =0.1931kg.

[0108] This embodiment uses compressed air as the propulsion gas. The source gas is taken from the atmosphere and compressed by an air compressor, and the carbon emissions are negligible.

[0109] In this embodiment, Cu powder is used as the spray powder, and its carbon emission factor data is derived from CPCD. em =5.795kgCO2 / kg. The average mass difference of the test substrate is taken as the mass of the metal powder used, that is, m mi =0.0006kg.

[0110] Under the premise that each device meets the process requirements in Table 2, the case process is designed in combination with the equipment operation rules. From this, we can know the time of each part of the model, such as Figure 6 shown.

[0111] Using the total carbon emission formula of low-pressure cold spraying technology obtained in step S2.8, combined with the equipment parameters, process parameters and carbon emission factors in this embodiment, the carbon emission is calculated to be 0.183kgCO2, and the measured value is 0.193kgCO2. The error of the predicted value relative to the measured value is 5.2%, and the errors of each subsystem and material are within 15%, which proves that the model is reliable.

[0112] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon emission modeling method for low-pressure cold spraying technology, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Determine the source of carbon dioxide in the low-pressure cold spraying process; the carbon dioxide source includes an electric energy part and a material part, wherein the electric energy part includes a pre-treatment subsystem, a gas compression subsystem, a drying subsystem and a spraying subsystem; the material part includes the substrate, gas and metal powder used; The carbon emission formulas of each subsystem of the electric energy part and the carbon emission formulas of each material are established respectively. The carbon emission formulas of each subsystem of the electric energy part and the carbon emission formulas of each material are added together to obtain the total carbon emission formula of the low-pressure cold spraying technology.

2. The carbon emission modeling method of low-pressure cold spraying technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon emission formula of the pre-treatment subsystem is: C P =C ce ×(P ps ×T ps +P pw ×T pw ) In the formula, C P is the carbon emission of the pre-treatment subsystem, C ce is the carbon emission factor for electricity production, P ps is the standby power of the pre-processing subsystem, T ps is the standby time of the pre-processing subsystem, P pw is the working power of the pre-processing subsystem, T pw Working time of the pre-processing subsystem; Among them, the working time of the pre-processing subsystem is T pw The calculation formula is: In the formula, S su is the substrate area, S p is the area processed by the pre-processing subsystem per second; when the pre-processing device is a laser cleaning machine, S p Related to the scanning shape of the laser cleaning machine: Where r is the point radius when the scanning shape is a point, v p is the scanning speed, L p The length of the line segment when the scan shape is a line segment.

3. The carbon emission modeling method of low-pressure cold spraying technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon emission formula of the gas compression subsystem is: C GC =C ce ×(P gcs ×T gcs +P gcw ×T gcw ) In the formula, C GC is the carbon emission of the gas compression subsystem, P gcs is the standby power of the gas compression subsystem, T gcs is the standby time of the gas compression subsystem, P gcw is the working power of the gas compression subsystem, T gcw Working time of gas compression subsystem.

4. The carbon emission modeling method of low-pressure cold spraying technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon emission formula of the drying subsystem is: C D =C ce ×(P ds ×T ds +P dw ×T dw ) In the formula, C D is the carbon emission of the drying subsystem, P ds is the standby power of the drying subsystem, T ds is the standby time of the drying subsystem, P dw is the working power of the drying subsystem, T dw Working time of the drying subsystem.

5. The carbon emission modeling method of low-pressure cold spraying technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon emission formula of the spraying subsystem is: C Sp =C ce ×(P sps ×T sps +P spw ×T spw ) In the formula, C Sp is the carbon emission of the spraying subsystem, P sps is the standby power of the spraying subsystem, T sps is the standby time of the spraying subsystem, P spw is the working power of the spraying subsystem, T spw Working time for spraying subsystem; Among them, the working time of the spraying subsystem is T spw The calculation formula is: Where, T h T is the time of heating by the spray gun, sp-total is the working time of cold spraying, L is the distance of one spraying pass, v is the forward speed of the spray gun, and n is the number of spraying passes.

6. The carbon emission modeling method of low-pressure cold spraying technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon emissions of the substrate used are: C Su =C csu ×m su In the formula, C Su is the carbon emission of the substrate used, C csu is the carbon emission factor for substrate production, m su To consume the quality of the substrate.

7. The carbon emission modeling method of low-pressure cold spraying technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon emissions of the gas used are: C Ga =C ega ×q ga ×T ga In the formula, C Ga is the carbon emission of the gas used, C ega is the carbon emission factor of the consumed gas, q ga is the gas consumption flow rate, T ga is the gas flow time.

8. The carbon emission modeling method of low-pressure cold spraying technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: Metal powders are divided into recyclable single-element powders and non-recyclable mixed powders. The carbon emissions of metal powders used are: Among them, C M Carbon emissions from metal powder used, C emi is the carbon emission factor of different metal powders, m mi is the amount of different metal powder added, C em is the carbon emission factor of metal powder, m m It is the usage of metal powder.

9. The carbon emission modeling method of low-pressure cold spraying technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The total carbon emission formula of low-pressure cold spray technology is:

10. A carbon emission model for low-pressure cold spraying technology, characterized in that: The carbon emission modeling method of the low-pressure cold spraying technology is constructed by any one of claims 1-9.

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