Ecological restoration method for strip mine dump

Abstract

The invention relates to an ecological restoration method for a strip mine dump, and belongs to the technical field of strip mine ecological restoration. The ecological restoration method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting, sorting and analyzing geological data of an open pit; s2, geological analysis of the open pit; s3, analyzing the stability of the slope rock stratum of the open pit; s4, backfilling the open pit with barren rocks; s5, performing anti-seepage treatment on the backfill area; s6, remedying the soil in the backfill area; and S7, restoring vegetation in the backfill area. According to the ecological restoration method for the strip mine dumping site, the effects of preventing water and soil loss and protecting the ecological environment can be achieved through anti-seepage measures of the bottom of the open pit before backfilling, anti-seepage treatment of the upper portion of the open pit after the waste rocks are backfilled through the anti-seepage technology, and soil improvement and restoration and vegetation reclamation after the waste rocks are backfilled; and the purpose of effectively accelerating ecological system restoration can be achieved, finally the purposes of green resource exploitation and efficient ecological restoration of the mining area are achieved, and the advantage of good restoration effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of open-pit mines, and in particular to an ecological restoration method for an open-pit mine dump. Background Art

[0002] Open-pit mine dumps are places where a large amount of strippings and waste rocks generated during mining are piled up. These piles often lack nutrients found in natural soil, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter, resulting in low soil fertility and unsuitable for plant growth. At the same time, the environmental conditions in open-pit mine dumps are extremely harsh, and the self-recovery of damaged ecosystems is difficult or takes a long time. Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out ecological restoration of open-pit mine dumps.

[0003] The soil in the open-pit mine dump is mainly composed of strippings from mining. These soils are structureless, hard, compact, dry, and extremely poor in nutrients. Open-pit mine dumps are usually located in areas with arid climates and unstable precipitation. In summer, precipitation mostly occurs in the form of heavy rain, causing serious soil erosion; in spring, it is dry and rainy with strong winds, which is not conducive to plant survival and growth. During open-pit mining, a large amount of vegetation is destroyed, resulting in an imbalance in the ecosystem, and frequent problems such as soil erosion and soil erosion.

[0004] Ecological restoration of open-pit mine dumps not only helps restore soil fertility and improve land utilization, but also reduces soil erosion and prevents geological disasters. At the same time, ecological restoration can also improve the mining environment, enhance the greening and beautification effects of the mining area, and promote the sustainable development of the mining area.

[0005] Existing ecological restoration methods usually use soil improvement to increase the content of soil organic matter and quick-acting nutrients, which is beneficial to the dissolution and release of insoluble nutrients in the soil and improves the effectiveness of nutrients. However, the ecological restoration of open-pit mine dumps is a complex and arduous task that requires the comprehensive use of multiple technologies and methods. It is necessary to restore the ecological environment of open-pit mine dumps through multiple means such as soil improvement, vegetation reconstruction, slope management, water resource restoration and microbial restoration. In order to develop a more efficient and environmentally friendly ecological restoration technology to promote the sustainable development of mining areas, this application proposes an ecological restoration method for open-pit mine dumps to achieve the above purpose. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an ecological restoration method for an open-pit mine spoil dump, which has the advantages of good restoration effect, etc., and solves the problem that the existing ecological restoration methods have poor restoration effects and easily lead to soil erosion and geological disasters in the backfill area.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an ecological restoration method for an open-pit mine dump, comprising the following steps: S1. Collection, collation and analysis of open pit geological data: Collect the engineering geology, rock mass structure, lithology and physical and mechanical properties of open pit and underground mining projects, and collate and analyze the collected data to provide basic conditions for numerical simulation analysis; S2. Geological analysis of open pit: Finite element analysis software is used to combine the on-site geological conditions of the open pit and underground engineering of Tongshan Mine to simulate and analyze the stress and displacement changes of the underground rock mass after the open pit is backfilled with waste rock, and the influence of the stability of underground mining tunnels and the stability of the stope roof is analyzed, and corresponding suggestions or measures are put forward; S3. Analysis of rock stability of open pit slope: numerical simulation analysis of waste rock stacking process is carried out through finite element analysis software, and safety technical measures to ensure slope stability are proposed to ensure the stability of the slope during waste rock backfilling; S4. Backfilling of waste rock in open pit: First confirm the size of waste rock piled at the bottom of the open pit and within the collapsed area and the thickness of the cushion layer to further ensure the safety of underground operations; then remove the surface soil layer around the open pit within the collapsed area and the collapsed area to avoid the formation of mudslides; S5. Anti-seepage treatment of backfill area: Through the full section anti-seepage treatment of the backfill area, a closed anti-seepage system is formed to isolate the solid waste dump from the groundwater system, prevent the water in the dump from seeping into the well or underground, and protect the underground mining operations and groundwater from pollution; S6. Soil remediation in backfill areas: Investigate the plants and soil in the mining area, analyze and evaluate the soil quality and the living conditions of various plants, investigate and analyze the water and fertilizer retention performance after the open pit is backfilled with waste rock, use the orthogonal experimental method combined with field experiments to improve the different surface covering soils under solid waste backfill conditions, plant plants with different characteristics on the improved soil, explore the effects of different soil improvement methods on the growth of different plants, and select the best soil improvement method and corresponding plant species; S7. Vegetation restoration in backfill areas: Based on the principle of "suitable trees for suitable places" for vegetation restoration, select plants suitable for solid waste backfill, soil improvement, and natural climatic conditions; screen several drought-resistant, barren-resistant and cold-resistant plants for experimental research in the laboratory; select suitable plants for planting based on the experimental research results; conduct research on barrier layer technology for sealing and reclamation of open-pit pits after solid waste backfill; cover with soil and compact it to prevent rainwater or melted snow from seeping into the solid waste backfill; then cover with improved soil, and plant the selected plants on the improved soil; carry out vegetation management measures during the cultivation period.

[0008] Furthermore, the stability analysis of the rock formations on the open pit slope in S3 includes the huge impact seismic waves generated by large-scale landslides, which pose a potential threat to the stability of the roof pillars of the mining area, and the huge impact ground pressure generated by large-scale collapse, which causes varying degrees of damage to the underground mining of Tongshan.

[0009] Furthermore, the open pit waste rock backfilling in S4 is ensured to be absolutely safe during the waste rock backfilling process through waste rock backfilling technology and organizational management.

[0010] Furthermore, the anti-seepage treatment of the backfill area in S5 needs to be carried out under blocking measures. After further backfilling of waste rock, the bottom drainage technology should be used to reduce the effect of water filling the pores and cracks in the rock formation, reduce the rate of deterioration of rock mass quality, and ensure the safety of underground mining.

[0011] Furthermore, the impacts of different plant growth in S6 include plant growth germination rate, plant growth survival rate, plant growth biomass and plant growth chlorophyll index.

[0012] Furthermore, the improvement method in S6 needs to use organic carbon as an indicator to study the organic carbon sequestration mechanism under soil improvement to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the ecological improvement effect.

[0013] Furthermore, the experimental research method in S7 is to regularly collect soil samples in a systematic random distribution manner to conduct nutrient and heavy metal determinations and plant survival rate, basal diameter, height and growth investigations, and compare them with the original planting soil in the mining area and the mining site where no restoration experiment was carried out.

[0014] Furthermore, the vegetation management measures in S7 include timely weeding, timely water and fertilizer conservation, and artificial thinning of the forest.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological restoration method for an open-pit mine dump, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The ecological restoration method of the open-pit mine spoil dump adopts anti-seepage measures on the bottom of the open pit before backfilling, and adopts anti-seepage technology to treat the upper part of the open pit after the waste rock is backfilled. In addition, through soil improvement and restoration and vegetation reclamation after the waste rock is backfilled, it can prevent soil erosion and protect the ecological environment, and can effectively accelerate the purpose of ecosystem recovery, and ultimately achieve the purpose of green resource mining and efficient restoration of the mining area ecology, achieving the advantage of good restoration effect.

[0016] 2. The ecological restoration method of the open-pit mine spoil dump can effectively improve the local damage caused by the mine to the natural environment and cultural landscape by adopting the above-mentioned ecological restoration method to repair the open-pit mine, protect the ecological environment, prevent soil erosion, and accelerate the process of ecological restoration through engineering measures to coordinate with the surrounding environment. It can achieve harmonious coexistence between man and the environment, achieve the advantage of good environmental protection effect, and solve the problem that the existing ecological restoration method has poor restoration effect and is prone to cause soil erosion and geological disasters in the backfill area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 The present invention is a restoration flow chart of an open-pit mine ecological restoration method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] See also Figure 1 In this embodiment, an ecological restoration method for an open-pit mine dump comprises the following steps: S1. Collection, collation and analysis of open pit geological data: Collect the engineering geology, rock mass structure, lithology and physical and mechanical properties of open pit and underground mining projects, and collate and analyze the collected data to provide basic conditions for numerical simulation analysis; S2. Geological analysis of open pit: Finite element analysis software is used to combine the on-site geological conditions of the open pit and underground engineering of Tongshan Mine to simulate and analyze the stress and displacement changes of the underground rock mass after the open pit is backfilled with waste rock, and the influence of the stability of underground mining tunnels and the stability of the stope roof is analyzed, and corresponding suggestions or measures are put forward; S3. Analysis of rock stability of open pit slope: numerical simulation analysis of waste rock stacking process is carried out through finite element analysis software, and safety technical measures to ensure slope stability are proposed to ensure the stability of the slope during waste rock backfilling; S4. Backfilling of waste rock in open pit: First confirm the size of waste rock piled at the bottom of the open pit and within the collapsed area and the thickness of the cushion layer to further ensure the safety of underground operations; then remove the surface soil layer around the open pit within the collapsed area and the collapsed area to avoid the formation of mudslides; S5. Anti-seepage treatment of backfill area: Through the full section anti-seepage treatment of the backfill area, a closed anti-seepage system is formed to isolate the solid waste dump from the groundwater system, prevent the water in the dump from seeping into the well or underground, and protect the underground mining operations and groundwater from pollution; S6. Soil remediation in backfill areas: Investigate the plants and soil in the mining area, analyze and evaluate the soil quality and the living conditions of various plants, investigate and analyze the water and fertilizer retention performance after the open pit is backfilled with waste rock, use the orthogonal experimental method combined with field experiments to improve the different surface covering soils under solid waste backfill conditions, plant plants with different characteristics on the improved soil, explore the effects of different soil improvement methods on the growth of different plants, and select the best soil improvement method and corresponding plant species; S7. Vegetation restoration in backfill areas: Based on the principle of "suitable trees for suitable places" for vegetation restoration, select plants suitable for solid waste backfill, soil improvement, and natural climatic conditions; screen several drought-resistant, barren-resistant and cold-resistant plants for experimental research in the laboratory; select suitable plants for planting based on the experimental research results; conduct research on barrier layer technology for sealing and reclamation of open-pit pits after solid waste backfill; cover with soil and compact it to prevent rainwater or melted snow from seeping into the solid waste backfill; then cover with improved soil, and plant the selected plants on the improved soil; carry out vegetation management measures during the cultivation period.

[0019] In this embodiment, by taking anti-seepage measures at the bottom of the open pit before backfilling, anti-seepage technology is used to treat the upper part of the open pit after the waste rock is backfilled into the open pit, and by improving and repairing the soil and restoring vegetation after the waste rock is backfilled, it is possible to prevent soil erosion and protect the ecological environment, effectively accelerate the recovery of the ecosystem, and ultimately achieve the goal of green resource mining and efficient ecological restoration of the mining area.

[0020] In this embodiment, the stability analysis of the rock formations on the slope of the open pit in S3 includes the huge impact seismic waves generated by large-scale landslides, which pose a potential threat to the stability of the roof pillars of the mining area, and the huge impact ground pressure generated by large-scale collapse, which causes varying degrees of damage to the underground mining of Tongshan.

[0021] In this embodiment, the open pit waste rock backfilling in S4 is ensured to be absolutely safe during the waste rock backfilling process by using waste rock backfilling technology and organizational management.

[0022] In this embodiment, the anti-seepage treatment of the backfill area in S5 needs to be carried out under blocking measures. After further backfilling of waste rock, the bottom drainage technology is used to reduce the effect of water filling the pores and cracks in the rock formation, reduce the rate of deterioration of rock mass quality, and ensure the safety of underground mining.

[0023] In this embodiment, the impacts of different plant growth in S6 include plant growth germination rate, plant growth survival rate, plant growth biomass and plant growth chlorophyll index. The improvement method in S6 needs to use organic carbon as an indicator to study the organic carbon sequestration mechanism under soil improvement to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the ecological improvement effect.

[0024] In this embodiment, the experimental research method in S7 is to regularly collect soil samples in a systematic random distribution manner to conduct nutrient and heavy metal determinations and plant survival rate, base diameter, height and growth investigations, and compare them with the original planting soil in the mining area and the mining site where no restoration experiment was carried out.

[0025] It should be noted that the vegetation management measures in S7 include timely weeding, timely water and fertilizer conservation, and artificial thinning of forests.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The ecological restoration method of the open-pit mine spoil dump adopts anti-seepage measures on the bottom of the open pit before backfilling, and adopts anti-seepage technology to treat the upper part of the open pit after the waste rock is backfilled into the open pit. In addition, through soil improvement and restoration and vegetation reclamation after the waste rock is backfilled, it can prevent soil erosion and protect the ecological environment, and can effectively accelerate the recovery of the ecosystem, ultimately achieving the purpose of green resource mining and efficient restoration of the mining area ecology, achieving the advantage of good restoration effect.

[0027] The ecological restoration method of the open-pit mine spoil dump can effectively improve the local damage caused by the mine to the natural environment and cultural landscape by adopting the above-mentioned ecological restoration method to repair the open-pit mine, protect the ecological environment, prevent soil erosion, accelerate the process of ecological restoration through engineering measures and coordinate with the surrounding environment, realize the harmonious coexistence of man and the environment, achieve the advantage of good environmental protection effect, and solve the problem that the existing ecological restoration method has poor restoration effect and is easy to cause soil erosion and geological disasters in the backfill area.

[0028] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of an open-pit mine dump, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Collection, collation and analysis of open pit geological data: Collect the engineering geology, rock mass structure, lithology and physical and mechanical properties of open pit and underground mining projects, and collate and analyze the collected data to provide basic conditions for numerical simulation analysis; S2. Geological analysis of open pit: Finite element analysis software is used to combine the on-site geological conditions of the open pit and underground engineering of Tongshan Mine to simulate and analyze the stress and displacement changes of the underground rock mass after the open pit is backfilled with waste rock, and the influence of the stability of underground mining tunnels and the stability of the stope roof is analyzed, and corresponding suggestions or measures are put forward; S3. Analysis of rock stability of open pit slope: numerical simulation analysis of waste rock stacking process is carried out through finite element analysis software, and safety technical measures to ensure slope stability are proposed to ensure the stability of the slope during waste rock backfilling; S4. Backfilling of waste rock in open pit: First confirm the size of waste rock piled at the bottom of the open pit and within the collapsed area and the thickness of the cushion layer to further ensure the safety of underground operations; then remove the surface soil layer around the open pit within the collapsed area and the collapsed area to avoid the formation of mudslides; S5. Anti-seepage treatment of backfill area: Through the full section anti-seepage treatment of the backfill area, a closed anti-seepage system is formed to isolate the solid waste dump from the groundwater system, prevent the water in the dump from seeping into the well or underground, and protect the underground mining operations and groundwater from pollution; S6. Soil remediation in backfill areas: Investigate the plants and soil in the mining area, analyze and evaluate the soil quality and the living conditions of various plants, investigate and analyze the water and fertilizer retention performance after the open pit is backfilled with waste rock, use the orthogonal experimental method combined with field experiments to improve the different surface covering soils under solid waste backfill conditions, plant plants with different characteristics on the improved soil, explore the effects of different soil improvement methods on the growth of different plants, and select the best soil improvement method and corresponding plant species; S7. Vegetation restoration in backfill areas: Based on the principle of "suitable trees for suitable places" for vegetation restoration, select plants suitable for solid waste backfill, soil improvement, and natural climatic conditions; screen several drought-resistant, barren-resistant and cold-resistant plants for experimental research in the laboratory; select suitable plants for planting based on the results of the experimental research; conduct research on barrier layer technology for sealing and reclamation of open-air pits after solid waste backfill; cover with soil and compact it to prevent rainwater or melted snow from seeping into the solid waste backfill; then cover with improved soil, and plant the selected plants on the improved soil; take vegetation management measures during the cultivation period.

2. The method for ecological restoration of an open-pit mine dump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rock stability analysis of the open pit slope in S3 includes the huge impact seismic waves generated by large-scale landslides, which pose a potential threat to the stability of the roof pillars of the mining area, and the huge impact ground pressure generated by large-scale collapse, which causes varying degrees of damage to the underground mining of Tongshan.

3. The method for ecological restoration of an open-pit mine dump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The open pit waste rock backfilling in S4 is ensured to be absolutely safe during the waste rock backfilling process through waste rock backfilling technology and organizational management.

4. The method for ecological restoration of an open-pit mine dump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-seepage treatment of the backfill area in S5 needs to be carried out under blocking measures. After further backfilling of waste rock, the bottom drainage technology of the pit should be used to reduce the effect of water filling the pores and cracks of the rock formation, reduce the rate of deterioration of rock mass quality, and ensure the safety of underground mining.

5. The method for ecological restoration of an open-pit mine dump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The effects of different plant growth in S6 include plant growth germination rate, plant growth survival rate, plant growth biomass and plant growth chlorophyll index.

6. The method for ecological restoration of an open-pit mine dump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The improvement method in S6 needs to use organic carbon as an indicator to study the organic carbon sequestration mechanism under soil improvement to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the ecological improvement effect.

7. The method for ecological restoration of an open-pit mine dump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental research method in S7 is to collect soil samples regularly in a systematic random distribution manner to conduct nutrient and heavy metal determination and plant survival rate, basal diameter, height and growth investigation, and compare with the original planting soil in the mining area and the mining site where no restoration experiment was carried out.

8. The method for ecological restoration of an open-pit mine dump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetation management measures in S7 include timely weeding, timely water and fertilizer conservation, and artificial thinning of the forest.

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