Cultivation management method for improving photosynthesis efficiency of rice and shrimp co-cropping mode rice

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation management method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in a rice-shrimp co-cropping mode, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, precise sowing: employing a special seedling raising tray, and controlling the number of seeds; 2, disc stacking, darkening and seedling finishing; step 3, controlling water and carrying out dry raising to prolong the seedling raising time; step 4, modifying a rice and shrimp field; 5, wide-narrow row staggered-hole transplanting is conducted, and the photosynthesis efficiency of the rice is improved; step 6, carrying out peak shifting seedling casting; step 7, carrying out peak shifting fishing to delay the fishing time and stagger the market low position to improve the income; according to the method, the rice transplanting time is delayed by adopting a long-seedling-age tray-raised blanket-shaped medium seedling and strong seedling cultivation method for rice, so that the marketing time of the crayfish in the second season is delayed, the price valley of the crayfish market is effectively staggered, and the income is increased; more sufficient illumination is provided by utilizing a wide-row area on the rice field, so that the photosynthesis efficiency of leaves is effectively improved, and the yield is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of integrated breeding and farming, and in particular to a cultivation management method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in a rice-shrimp farming model. Background Art

[0002] In Jiangsu Province, the "one rice, two shrimps" model is widely used in large-scale production of integrated rice-shrimp farming. That is, in the same rice field, through reasonable time arrangement and ecological management, one season of rice is planted and two seasons of crayfish are harvested. One season of rice-shrimp is raised from late June to early August after rice planting. The rice field provides natural bait and habitat for crayfish. The activities of crayfish can loosen the soil and promote the development of rice roots. At the same time, crayfish can prey on pests and weeds in the rice field, reducing the occurrence of rice diseases and pests, reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and is beneficial to the protection of the ecological environment. This model realizes the output of one season of rice and two seasons of crayfish, and increases the economic benefits per unit area. The yield and quality of rice are basically not affected. At the same time, two seasons of crayfish can bring considerable economic income and increase the economic benefits of farmers.

[0003] The invention patent with application number 201911107521.6 discloses a method of raising rice and two shrimps. By harvesting rice in early September, the rice harvesting time is advanced by about one month compared to the traditional rice-shrimp model, and the autumn feeding time of crayfish seedlings is advanced accordingly. The autumn can be used to promote the growth of shrimp seedlings, which is conducive to early emergence and selling early shrimps in the next year; in addition, the supply of crayfish from July to August is increased; therefore, in the present invention, the two seasons of crayfish can be staggered to the market, effectively improving the economic benefits of breeding, and at the same time, avoiding the problem of "May plague" of crayfish, and the rice-shrimp co-breeding technology is better controlled and operated. The choice of rice varieties is wider, the rice growing period is extended, the rice yield per unit area is increased, and the effective supply of grain is guaranteed;

[0004] However, this model has many problems in production, such as crayfish are put on the market in early to mid-June with low prices, late rice transplanting period, weak seedling vigor, low rice photosynthetic efficiency, small rice panicle shape in the later stage, and low yield. Therefore, the present invention proposes a cultivation management method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in the rice-shrimp co-cultivation model to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a cultivation management method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in the rice-shrimp farming model. The cultivation management method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in the rice-shrimp farming model adopts a cultivation method of long-age tray-grown blanket-shaped medium seedlings for rice, thereby delaying the rice transplanting time, thereby delaying the second season of crayfish listing time, effectively staggering the low point of the crayfish market price, and increasing profits. By adopting wide and narrow row machine transplanting to transplant rice at intervals during transplanting, the wide row area in the rice field is used to provide more sufficient light, which effectively improves the photosynthesis efficiency of the leaves and thereby increases the yield.

[0006] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a cultivation management method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in a rice-shrimp farming model, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Precision sowing, using a 9-inch seedling tray for machine transplanting with a specification of 28cm*58cm, and controlling the theoretical optimal number of seeds to 4000-4200 seeds;

[0008] Step 2: Stacking the trays to darken the seedlings. Stack the seedling trays in step 1, close the trays on all sides, and control the temperature of the trays to be constant at 35-38°C for moisture retention. After 48-72 hours, the seedlings reach the needle-standing stage and the seedlings germinate to 0.5 cm.

[0009] Step 3: Control water and dryland cultivation. When the seedlings in step 2 germinate to the 2-leaf 1-heart stage, they are mainly managed with moisture. On sunny days, water is added until the seedlings do not curl their leaves. When the seedlings reach the 2-leaf 1-heart stage, water them according to the actual situation of the seedling bed to ensure that the nutrient soil fully absorbs water and there is no water dripping from the bottom of the seedling tray.

[0010] Step 4: Reconstruction of rice-shrimp fields: dig circular ditches around the rice fields as shrimp ditches, use the shrimp ditches as places for crayfish to live, reproduce and avoid enemies, and use the soil from the shrimp ditches to widen, raise and reinforce the ridges to ensure that the ridges are solid and prevent crayfish from escaping;

[0011] Step 5: Transplanting in staggered rows of wide and narrow rows. After land preparation, keep the rice-shrimp field flat, install the cultivated seedling trays on the wide and narrow row machinery for wide and narrow row planting, and delay the row closure time during the rice growth process without reducing the number of transplanted basic seedlings;

[0012] Step 6: staggered seedling release: in step 5, shrimp fry are released into the rice-shrimp field before and after rice planting; during rice planting, shrimp are introduced into the shrimp ditch transformed in step 4; and the shrimp fry released after planting are delayed by utilizing the extended rice seedling age in step 3;

[0013] Step seven, staggered fishing. Use the extended rice seedling raising time in step three to postpone the rice planting time, and then postpone the crayfish fishing time. First, catch the crayfish with ground traps, and then harvest after the fishing is completed when the rice is mature.

[0014] A further improvement is that: in the step 2, 20 to 25 trays are stacked at a time, and the seedling raising trays are stacked vertically to keep warm, moisturize and avoid light.

[0015] A further improvement is that the standard for medium-sized and strong seedlings in step three is that the seedling age is 18 to 25 days, the leaf age is 3 to 4 leaves, the plant height is 13 to 18 cm, the seedling base diameter is greater than 2.6 mm, and the number of adventitious roots per plant is greater than 13.

[0016] A further improvement is that the shrimp ditch in step 4 is 4 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep. A field ditch in the shape of a "cross" or "well" can be excavated in the middle of the field according to the size of the field, with a width of 1 to 2 meters and a depth of 0.8 to 1 meter.

[0017] A further improvement is that the ridge in step 4 is 0.8 to 1.2 meters high and 1 to 2 meters wide.

[0018] A further improvement is that in the wide-narrow row planting in step five, the row spacing of wide rows is 33cm, 36cm, and 39cm, and the row spacing of narrow rows is a combination of 14cm, 16cm, and 18cm.

[0019] A further improvement is that in step five, the widest distance between the staggered nests is 26.5 cm and the narrowest distance is 13.5 cm.

[0020] A further improvement is that in step seven, when staggered seedling release is performed, the crayfish are cultured in separate ponds according to the density of crayfish in the field, and the shrimp seedlings are cultured in ponds with lower density through ground cages and fed with natural bait.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention delays the transplanting time of rice and thus delays the time for the second season of crayfish to be put on the market, by adopting a method for cultivating medium-sized and strong rice seedlings in a long-seedling tray and blanket shape, thereby effectively avoiding the low point of the crayfish market price and increasing profits; and by adopting a wide and narrow row machine transplanting method to transplant rice at intervals during transplanting, more sufficient light is provided by utilizing wide row areas in the rice fields, thereby effectively increasing the photosynthesis efficiency of the leaves and thereby increasing the yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples. The examples are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] according to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a cultivation management method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in a rice-shrimp farming model, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: Precision sowing, use a 9-inch seedling tray for machine transplanting with a specification of 28cm*58cm, and control the theoretical optimal number of seeds to 4000-4200 seeds.

[0027] Step 2: Stacking the trays to darken the seedlings. Stack the seedling trays in step 1, close the trays on all sides, and control the temperature of the trays to be kept at 35°C for constant temperature and moisture retention. After 48 hours, the seedlings reach the needle-standing stage and the seedlings germinate to 0.5 cm.

[0028] When stacking trays, stack 20 to 25 trays at a time, and stack the seedling trays vertically to keep them warm, moist and out of light.

[0029] Step 3: Control water and dryland cultivation. When the seedlings in step 2 germinate to the 2-leaf 1-heart stage, they are mainly managed with moisture. On sunny days, water is added until the seedlings do not curl their leaves. When the seedlings reach the 2-leaf 1-heart stage, water them according to the actual situation of the seedling bed to ensure that the nutrient soil fully absorbs water and there is no water dripping from the bottom of the seedling tray.

[0030] The standards for medium-sized and strong seedlings are: seedling age of 18 days, 3 to 4 leaves, plant height of 13 to 18 cm, seedling base diameter greater than 2.6 mm, and the number of adventitious roots per plant greater than 13.

[0031] Step 4: Reconstruction of rice-shrimp fields: dig circular ditches around the rice fields as shrimp ditches, use the shrimp ditches as places for crayfish to live, reproduce and avoid enemies, and use the soil from the shrimp ditches to widen, raise and reinforce the ridges to ensure that the ridges are solid and prevent crayfish from escaping;

[0032] The shrimp ditch is 4 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep. In the middle of the field, a "cross" or "well" shaped field ditch can be dug according to the size of the field. The ditch is 1 to 2 meters wide and 0.8 to 1 meter deep.

[0033] The ridges are 0.8 to 1.2 meters high and 1 to 2 meters wide.

[0034] Step 5: Transplanting in staggered rows of wide and narrow rows. After land preparation, keep the rice-shrimp field flat, install the cultivated seedling trays on the wide and narrow row machinery for wide and narrow row planting, and delay the row closure time during the rice growth process without reducing the number of transplanted basic seedlings;

[0035] In wide and narrow row planting, the spacing between wide rows is 33cm, and the spacing between narrow rows is 18cm;

[0036] The widest distance between the staggered nests is 26.5cm and the narrowest distance is 13.5cm.

[0037] Step 6: staggered seedling release: in step 5, shrimp fry are released into the rice-shrimp field before and after rice planting; during rice planting, shrimp are introduced into the shrimp ditch transformed in step 4; and the shrimp fry released after planting are delayed by utilizing the extended rice seedling age in step 3;

[0038] Step 7: staggered harvesting: using the extended rice seedling raising time in step 3 to postpone the rice planting time, and then postpone the crayfish harvesting time, first use ground traps to catch crayfish, and then harvest after the rice is mature;

[0039] When staggered stocking is carried out, the crayfish are cultured in separate ponds according to their density in the field. The shrimp fry are directed to ponds with lower density through ground cages and fed with natural bait.

[0040] When harvesting rice and crayfish, the first season crayfish were released in mid-August and caught in mid-April. The second season crayfish were extended by 30 days along with the seedling raising period, so that the rice was transplanted in late May. The second season crayfish were released in late May and caught in mid-July. At the same time, the rice was harvested and weighed to obtain 500 kg per mu.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] according to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a cultivation management method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in a rice-shrimp farming model, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Precision sowing, use a 9-inch seedling tray for machine transplanting with a specification of 28cm*58cm, and control the theoretical optimal number of seeds to 4000-4200 seeds.

[0044] Step 2: Stacking trays to darken and align the seedlings. Stack the seedling trays in step 1, close the trays on all sides, and control the temperature of the stacking trays to 36°C for constant temperature and moisture retention. After 60 hours, the seedlings reach the needle-standing stage and the seedlings germinate to 0.5 cm.

[0045] When stacking trays, stack 20 to 25 trays at a time, and stack the seedling trays vertically to keep them warm, moist and out of light.

[0046] Step 3: Control water and dryland cultivation. When the seedlings in step 2 germinate to the 2-leaf 1-heart stage, they are mainly managed with moisture. On sunny days, water is added until the seedlings do not curl their leaves. When the seedlings reach the 2-leaf 1-heart stage, water them according to the actual situation of the seedling bed to ensure that the nutrient soil fully absorbs water and there is no water dripping from the bottom of the seedling tray.

[0047] The standard for strong seedlings is that the seedling age is 21 days, the leaf age is 3 to 4 leaves, the plant height is 13 to 18 cm, the seedling base diameter is greater than 2.6 mm, and the number of adventitious roots per plant is greater than 13.

[0048] Step 4: Reconstruction of rice-shrimp fields: dig circular ditches around the rice fields as shrimp ditches, use the shrimp ditches as places for crayfish to live, reproduce and avoid enemies, and use the soil from the shrimp ditches to widen, raise and reinforce the ridges to ensure that the ridges are solid and prevent crayfish from escaping;

[0049] The shrimp ditch is 4 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep. In the middle of the field, a "cross" or "well" shaped field ditch can be dug according to the size of the field. The ditch is 1 to 2 meters wide and 0.8 to 1 meter deep.

[0050] The ridges are 0.8 to 1.2 meters high and 1 to 2 meters wide.

[0051] Step 5: Transplanting in staggered rows of wide and narrow rows. After land preparation, keep the rice-shrimp field flat, install the cultivated seedling trays on the wide and narrow row machinery for wide and narrow row planting, and delay the row closure time during the rice growth process without reducing the number of transplanted basic seedlings;

[0052] In wide and narrow row planting, the spacing between wide rows is 36cm, and the spacing between narrow rows is 16cm;

[0053] The widest distance between the staggered nests is 26.5cm and the narrowest distance is 13.5cm.

[0054] Step 6: staggered seedling release: in step 5, shrimp fry are released into the rice-shrimp field before and after rice planting; during rice planting, shrimp are introduced into the shrimp ditch transformed in step 4; and the shrimp fry released after planting are delayed by utilizing the extended rice seedling age in step 3;

[0055] Step 7: staggered harvesting: using the extended rice seedling raising time in step 3 to postpone the rice planting time, and then postpone the crayfish harvesting time, first use ground traps to catch crayfish, and then harvest after the rice is mature;

[0056] When staggered stocking is carried out, the crayfish are cultured in separate ponds according to their density in the field. The shrimp fry are directed to ponds with lower density through ground cages and fed with natural bait.

[0057] When harvesting rice and crayfish, the first season crayfish were released in mid-August and caught in mid-April. The second season crayfish were extended by 35 days along with the rice seedling raising period, so that the rice was transplanted in late May. The second season crayfish were released in late May and caught in mid-July. At the same time, the rice was harvested and weighed to obtain 600 kg per mu.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] according to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a cultivation management method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in a rice-shrimp farming model, comprising the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Precision sowing, use a 9-inch seedling tray for machine transplanting with a specification of 28cm*58cm, and control the theoretical optimal number of seeds to 4000-4200 seeds.

[0061] Step 2: Stacking trays to darken the seedlings. Stack the seedling trays in step 1, close the trays on all sides, and control the temperature of the trays to be kept at 38°C for constant temperature and moisture retention. After 72 hours, the seedlings reach the needle-standing stage and the seedlings germinate to 0.5 cm.

[0062] When stacking trays, stack 20 to 25 trays at a time, and stack the seedling trays vertically to keep them warm, moist and out of light.

[0063] Step 3: Control water and dryland cultivation. When the seedlings in step 2 germinate to the 2-leaf 1-heart stage, they are mainly managed with moisture. On sunny days, water is added until the seedlings do not curl their leaves. When the seedlings reach the 2-leaf 1-heart stage, water them according to the actual situation of the seedling bed to ensure that the nutrient soil fully absorbs water and there is no water dripping from the bottom of the seedling tray.

[0064] The standard for medium-sized and strong seedlings is that the seedling age is 25 days, the leaf age is 3 to 4 leaves, the plant height is 13 to 18 cm, the seedling base diameter is greater than 2.6 mm, and the number of adventitious roots per plant is greater than 13.

[0065] Step 4: Reconstruction of rice-shrimp fields: dig circular ditches around the rice fields as shrimp ditches, use the shrimp ditches as places for crayfish to live, reproduce and avoid enemies, and use the soil from the shrimp ditches to widen, raise and reinforce the ridges to ensure that the ridges are solid and prevent crayfish from escaping;

[0066] The shrimp ditch is 4 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep. In the middle of the field, a "cross" or "well" shaped field ditch can be dug according to the size of the field. The ditch is 1 to 2 meters wide and 0.8 to 1 meter deep.

[0067] The ridges are 0.8 to 1.2 meters high and 1 to 2 meters wide.

[0068] Step 5: Transplanting in staggered rows of wide and narrow rows. After land preparation, keep the rice-shrimp field flat, install the cultivated seedling trays on the wide and narrow row machinery for wide and narrow row planting, and delay the row closure time during the rice growth process without reducing the number of transplanted basic seedlings;

[0069] In wide and narrow row planting, the row spacing of wide rows is 39cm, and the row spacing of narrow rows is 14cm;

[0070] The widest distance between the staggered nests is 26.5cm and the narrowest distance is 13.5cm.

[0071] Step 6: staggered seedling release: in step 5, shrimp fry are released into the rice-shrimp field before and after rice planting; during rice planting, shrimp are introduced into the shrimp ditch transformed in step 4; and the shrimp fry released after planting are delayed by utilizing the extended rice seedling age in step 3;

[0072] Step 7: staggered harvesting: using the extended rice seedling raising time in step 3 to postpone the rice planting time, and then postpone the crayfish harvesting time, first use ground traps to catch crayfish, and then harvest after the rice is mature;

[0073] When staggered stocking is carried out, the crayfish are cultured in separate ponds according to their density in the field. The shrimp fry are directed to ponds with lower density through ground cages and fed with natural bait.

[0074] When harvesting rice and crayfish, the first season crayfish were released in mid-August and caught in mid-April. The second season crayfish were extended by 35 days along with the rice seedling raising period, so that the rice was transplanted in late May. The second season crayfish were released in late May and caught in mid-July. At the same time, the rice was harvested and weighed to obtain 700 kg per mu.

[0075] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cultivation management method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in a rice-shrimp farming model, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Precision sowing, using a 9-inch seedling tray for machine transplanting with a specification of 28cm*58cm, and controlling the theoretical optimal number of seeds to 4000-4200 seeds; Step 2: Stacking the trays to darken the seedlings. Stack the seedling trays in step 1, close the trays on all sides, and control the temperature of the trays to be constant at 35-38°C for moisture retention. After 48-72 hours, the seedlings reach the needle-standing stage and the seedlings germinate to 0.5 cm. Step 3: Control water and dryland cultivation. When the seedlings in step 2 germinate to the 2-leaf 1-heart stage, they are mainly managed with moisture. On sunny days, water is added until the seedlings do not curl their leaves. When the seedlings reach the 2-leaf 1-heart stage, water them according to the actual situation of the seedling bed to ensure that the nutrient soil fully absorbs water and there is no water dripping from the bottom of the seedling tray. Step 4: Reconstruction of rice-shrimp fields: dig circular ditches around the rice fields as shrimp ditches, use the shrimp ditches as places for crayfish to live, reproduce and avoid enemies, and use the soil from the shrimp ditches to widen, raise and reinforce the ridges to ensure that the ridges are solid and prevent crayfish from escaping; Step 5: Transplanting in staggered rows of wide and narrow rows. After land preparation, keep the rice-shrimp field flat, install the cultivated seedling trays on the wide and narrow row machinery for wide and narrow row planting, and delay the row closure time during the rice growth process without reducing the number of transplanted basic seedlings; Step 6: staggered seedling release: in step 5, shrimp fry are released into the rice-shrimp field before and after rice planting; during rice planting, shrimp are introduced into the shrimp ditch transformed in step 4; and the shrimp fry released after planting are delayed by utilizing the extended rice seedling age in step 3; Step seven, staggered fishing. Use the extended rice seedling raising time in step three to postpone the rice planting time, and then postpone the crayfish fishing time. First, catch the crayfish with ground traps, and then harvest after the fishing is completed when the rice is mature.

2. A cultivation management method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in rice-shrimp farming mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, 20 to 25 trays are stacked at a time, and the seedling raising trays are stacked vertically to keep warm, moisturize and avoid light.

3. The method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in rice-shrimp farming mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The standard for the medium-sized and strong seedlings in step three is that the seedling age is 18 to 25 days, the leaf age is 3 to 4 leaves, the plant height is 13 to 18 cm, the seedling base diameter is greater than 2.6 mm, and the number of adventitious roots of a single plant is greater than 13.

4. The method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in rice-shrimp farming mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shrimp ditch in step 4 is 4 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep. In the middle of the field, a "cross" or "well" shaped field ditch can be dug according to the size of the field, with a width of 1 to 2 meters and a depth of 0.8 to 1 meter.

5. The method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in rice-shrimp farming mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ridge in step 4 is 0.8 to 1.2 meters high and 1 to 2 meters wide.

6. The method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in rice-shrimp farming mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the wide and narrow row planting in step 5, the wide row spacing is 33cm, 36cm, and 39cm, and the narrow row spacing is a combination of 14cm, 16cm, and 18cm.

7. The method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in rice-shrimp farming mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The widest distance between the staggered nests in step 5 is 26.5 cm, and the narrowest distance is 13.5 cm.

8. The method for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of rice in rice-shrimp farming mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 7, when staggered seedling planting is carried out according to the field Crayfish are cultured in different ponds with different densities. Crawfish fry are separated into ponds with lower densities through ground cages. Feed with natural bait.

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