Thermal management system and method, computer equipment, vehicle and storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, and discloses a heat management system and method, computer equipment, a vehicle and a storage medium. A designed water-cooling condenser realizes connection of a refrigerant loop and a heating loop, and can dissipate heat of a high-temperature refrigerant dissipated by an electric compressor in the refrigerant loop to the heating loop; and meanwhile, the designed first three-way valve can realize that the heating loop selectively heats the passenger compartment and the battery by using the water subjected to heat exchange, so that the passenger compartment and the battery can be heated by adopting the refrigerant loop when the vehicle is in a pure electric mode, an engine and a water heater are not needed, and the energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy technologies, and in particular to a thermal management system, method, computer equipment, vehicle and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] With the development and increasing popularity of new energy vehicles, more and more users are gradually accepting new energy vehicles. When repurchasing or purchasing new cars, more and more users will choose to buy new energy vehicles. However, the environmental performance of power batteries will deteriorate at low temperatures, and the vehicle's endurance will be reduced, which has a great impact on normal driving mileage. In addition, the current popularity of public charging equipment is not complete. For first-time car buyers and users who have only one car at home, considering long-distance travel during holidays, they often do not choose pure electric vehicles. In this case, hybrid models become a better choice.

[0003] As battery costs fall, the pure electric range of hybrid models is getting longer and longer, and can support user driving scenarios in which only the generator is operating normally, that is, in pure electric mode. However, when the vehicle is used in low-temperature scenarios, the existing thermal management system architecture only considers the normal operation of the power system. The heating of the passenger compartment or the battery relies on the engine waste heat or the water heater. In pure electric mode, the engine waste heat cannot be used, and a water heater is used for heating, resulting in high energy consumption for the entire vehicle. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a thermal management system, method, computer equipment, vehicle and storage medium to solve the problem that the heat pump system will increase the system cost and waste resources and have design redundancy in the vehicle use scenario with high temperature all year round.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a thermal management system, which includes at least a heating circuit, a refrigerant circuit, a battery circuit, a first three-way valve, and a water-cooled condenser. The refrigerant circuit includes an electric compressor, wherein the heating circuit and the refrigerant circuit are connected through a water-cooled condenser, and the water-cooled condenser is used to exchange heat from the high-temperature refrigerant emitted by the electric compressor in the refrigerant circuit to the heating circuit; the first port of the first three-way valve is connected to the heating circuit, the second port is connected to the heater of the passenger compartment, and the third port is connected to the battery circuit, for adjusting the connection relationship between the heating circuit, the heater, and the battery circuit.

[0006] The thermal management system provided by the present invention has a designed water-cooled condenser to realize the connection between the refrigerant circuit and the heating circuit, and can dissipate the high-temperature refrigerant emitted by the electric compressor in the refrigerant circuit to the heating circuit. At the same time, the designed first three-way valve can realize the selective heating of the passenger compartment and the battery by the water after heat exchange in the heating circuit, so that when the vehicle is in pure electric mode, the refrigerant circuit can be used to heat the passenger compartment and the battery, without using the engine and water heater, thereby saving energy consumption.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the thermal management system also includes an electric drive heat dissipation circuit, a waste heat recovery device and a second three-way valve, and the electric drive heat dissipation circuit includes at least a low-temperature radiator, an electric control, a rear electric drive and a water-cooled cooler, wherein the fourth port of the second three-way valve is connected to the refrigerant circuit through the waste heat recovery device, the fifth port is arranged on the pipeline through which the waste heat is circulated after the electric control, the rear electric drive and the water-cooled cooler dissipate the waste heat, and the sixth port is arranged at the inlet end of the low-temperature radiator in the electric drive heat dissipation circuit, which is used to adjust the flow direction of the electric drive waste heat, and the waste heat recovery device is used to use the recovered electric drive waste heat to increase the temperature of the refrigerant.

[0008] The second three-way valve designed in the present invention adjusts the flow direction of the electric drive waste heat, so that the electric drive waste heat enters the waste heat recovery device, and the refrigerant after heat exchange and throttling and pressure reduction can absorb the electric drive waste heat to increase the refrigerant temperature, and then the refrigerant with increased temperature returns to the electric compressor, which can reduce the work done by the electric compressor and reduce the energy consumption of the thermal management system.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the thermal management system also includes a first refrigerant shut-off valve and a second refrigerant shut-off valve, and the refrigerant circuit also includes a condenser and an electronic expansion valve, wherein the first refrigerant shut-off valve is arranged on the pipeline connecting the electric compressor and the waste heat recovery device, and is used to control the refrigerant discharged from the electric compressor to enter the passenger compartment air conditioning evaporator or the battery circuit after passing through the electronic expansion valve and the condenser; the second refrigerant shut-off valve is arranged on the pipeline connecting the electric compressor and the water-cooled condenser, and is used to control the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the electric compressor to enter the water-cooled condenser.

[0010] The present invention realizes cooling or heating of the passenger compartment and / or the battery by the refrigerant circuit by setting the conduction state of the first refrigerant stop valve and the second refrigerant stop valve.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the battery circuit includes at least a battery cooler and a battery, wherein the first port of the first three-way valve is connected to the outlet of a water-cooled condenser, the second port is connected to a heater in the passenger compartment, and the third port is connected to the battery cooler in the battery circuit; the battery cooler is connected to the battery to receive water flowing out of the battery, and after heat exchange, flows the heat-exchanged water into the battery.

[0012] The present invention designs the first three-way valve to realize the heating circuit to heat the passenger compartment and / or the battery.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the thermal management system also includes an engine circuit and a four-way valve, wherein the seventh port and the eighth port of the four-way valve are connected to the engine circuit, and the ninth port and the tenth port are connected to the heating circuit, for adjusting the connection relationship between the engine circuit and the heating circuit.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the engine circuit includes at least an engine and an electronic main water pump, wherein the seventh port of the four-way valve is connected to the outlet of the engine, the eighth port is connected to the inlet of the engine through the electronic main water pump, the ninth port is connected to the heating device of the passenger compartment, and the tenth port is connected to the inlet of the water-cooled condenser.

[0015] The four-way valve designed in the present invention can not only support the use of waste heat from the engine in working state to directly heat the passenger compartment and the battery, but also support the refrigerant circuit to heat the passenger compartment and the battery in pure electric mode, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency and capacity of the entire system, avoiding energy waste, and comprehensively improving energy utilization by more than 5%.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the thermal management system also includes a first refrigerant expansion valve and a second refrigerant expansion valve, and the battery circuit includes at least a battery cooler and a battery, wherein the first refrigerant expansion valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the condenser and the passenger compartment air-conditioning evaporator, and is used to control the refrigerant discharged from the condenser to enter the passenger compartment air-conditioning evaporator; the second refrigerant expansion valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the battery cooler and the condenser, and is used to control the refrigerant discharged from the condenser to enter the battery cooler, and the battery cooler is connected to the battery, and is used to receive water flowing out of the battery, and after heat exchange, the heat exchanged water flows into the battery.

[0017] The present invention provides a first refrigerant expansion valve and a second refrigerant expansion valve, and based on the respective conduction states of the two refrigerant expansion valves, realizes cooling of the passenger compartment and / or the battery by the refrigerant circuit, thereby making the application scenarios of the thermal management system more comprehensive.

[0018] In an optional implementation, the first three-way valve is a three-way proportional valve.

[0019] The three-way valve designed in the present invention is a three-way proportional valve. When the passenger compartment and the battery are heated simultaneously, the corresponding outflow ratio can be set according to the requirements of the thermal management system, thereby improving the flexibility of the system heating.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a thermal management method, which is applied to the thermal management method of the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof, and the method includes: obtaining the current driving mode of the vehicle, the operating status of the battery and the temperature of the passenger compartment; determining the battery temperature requirement based on the operating status of the battery, and determining the current thermal management requirement based on the current driving mode of the vehicle, the current battery temperature and the battery temperature requirement, and the relationship between the temperature of the passenger compartment and the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment; based on the current thermal management requirement, controlling the port conduction status of the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the four-way valve, and changing the working state of the thermal management system to meet the current thermal management requirement.

[0021] The thermal management method provided by the present invention determines the battery temperature requirement based on the current driving mode of the vehicle and the operating status of the battery, determines the current thermal management requirement based on the relationship between the current battery temperature and the battery temperature requirement, and the relationship between the current passenger compartment temperature and the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment, and then controls the port conduction of the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the four-way valve based on the determined thermal management requirement, thereby achieving satisfaction of the current thermal management requirement.

[0022] In an optional embodiment, the battery temperature requirement is determined based on the operating state of the battery, and the current thermal management requirement is determined based on the current driving mode of the vehicle, the battery temperature requirement, and the relationship between the temperature of the passenger compartment and the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment, including: if the current battery temperature is within the battery temperature requirement range, but the current passenger compartment temperature is greater than the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment, determining the current thermal management requirement is the first thermal management requirement for cooling the passenger compartment by the refrigerant circuit; or, if the current operating state of the battery is a charging state, or the current battery temperature is greater than the battery temperature requirement range, and the current passenger compartment temperature is greater than the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment, determining the current thermal management requirement is the second thermal management requirement for cooling the passenger compartment and the battery; or, if the current driving mode of the vehicle is an engine operating mode, the current battery temperature is within the battery temperature requirement range, but the current passenger compartment temperature is less than the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment. or, if the current driving mode of the vehicle is the pure electric mode, the current battery temperature is within the battery temperature requirement range, but the current passenger compartment temperature is lower than the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment, the current thermal management requirement is determined to be the fifth thermal management requirement for heating the passenger compartment by the refrigerant circuit; or, if the current driving mode of the vehicle is the pure electric mode, the current battery temperature is lower than the battery temperature requirement range, and the current passenger compartment temperature is lower than the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment, the current thermal management requirement is determined to be the sixth thermal management requirement for heating the passenger compartment and the battery by the refrigerant circuit.

[0023] The present invention takes into account different thermal management requirements corresponding to different scenarios, controls the conduction states of the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the four-way valve based on the different thermal management requirements, and then changes the working state of the system to meet the thermal management requirements, which is more comprehensive.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, the control of the port conduction state of the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the four-way valve based on the current thermal management requirement includes: if the current thermal management requirement is the first thermal management requirement or the second thermal management requirement, controlling the fifth port and the sixth port of the second three-way valve to be conducted, and the first three-way valve and the four-way valve to be closed; if the current thermal management requirement is the third thermal management requirement, controlling the fifth port and the sixth port of the second three-way valve to be conducted, the first port and the second port of the first three-way valve to be conducted, the seventh port and the ninth port of the four-way valve to be connected and conducted, and the eighth port and the tenth port to be connected; if the current thermal management requirement is the fourth thermal management requirement, controlling the fifth port and the sixth port of the second three-way valve to be conducted, and the first three-way valve to be closed and the four-way valve to be closed. The first port, the second port and the third port of a three-way valve are all connected, the seventh port and the ninth port of the four-way valve are connected and connected, and the eighth port and the tenth port are connected and connected; if the current thermal management requirement is the fifth thermal management requirement, the fourth port and the fifth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the first port and the second port of the first three-way valve are connected, the seventh port and the eighth port of the four-way valve are connected and connected, and the ninth port and the tenth port are connected and connected; if the current thermal management requirement is the sixth thermal management requirement, the fourth port and the fifth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the first port, the second port and the third port of the first three-way valve are all connected, the seventh port and the eighth port of the four-way valve are connected and connected, and the ninth port and the tenth port are connected and connected.

[0025] In an optional embodiment, the method also includes: if the current thermal management requirement is the first thermal management requirement or the second thermal management requirement, controlling the first refrigerant stop valve to be turned on and the second refrigerant stop valve to be closed; if the current thermal management requirement is the third thermal management requirement or the fourth thermal management requirement, controlling both the first refrigerant stop valve and the second refrigerant stop valve to be closed; if the current thermal management requirement is the fifth thermal management requirement or the sixth thermal management requirement, controlling the first refrigerant stop valve to be closed and the second refrigerant stop valve to be turned on.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, the method also includes: if the current thermal management requirement is the first thermal management requirement, controlling the first refrigerant expansion valve to be turned on and the second refrigerant expansion valve to be closed; if the current thermal management requirement is the second thermal management requirement, controlling both the first refrigerant expansion valve and the second refrigerant expansion valve to be turned on; if the current thermal management requirement is the third thermal management requirement or the fourth thermal management requirement or the fifth thermal management requirement or the sixth thermal management requirement, controlling both the first refrigerant expansion valve and the second refrigerant expansion valve to be closed.

[0027] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device, comprising: a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory storing computer instructions, and the processor executing the thermal management method of the second aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof by executing the computer instructions.

[0028] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a vehicle comprising a thermal management system according to the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof and a controller, wherein the controller is used to execute the thermal management method according to the second aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof.

[0029] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer instructions stored thereon, the computer instructions being used to enable a computer to execute the thermal management method of the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof.

[0030] The thermal management system provided by the present invention has a designed water-cooled condenser to realize the connection between the refrigerant circuit and the heating circuit, and can dissipate the high-temperature refrigerant emitted by the electric compressor in the refrigerant circuit to the heating circuit. At the same time, the designed first three-way valve can realize the selective heating of the passenger compartment and the battery by the water after heat exchange in the heating circuit, so that when the vehicle is in pure electric mode, the refrigerant circuit can be used to heat the passenger compartment and the battery, without using the engine and water heater, thereby saving energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 is a diagram showing an example structure of a thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic flow chart of a thermal management method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 is an example flow chart of a first thermal management requirement in a thermal management method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 is an example flow chart of a second thermal management requirement in a thermal management method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 is an example flow chart of a third thermal management requirement in a thermal management method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 is an example flow chart of a fourth thermal management requirement in a thermal management method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7is an example flow chart of a fifth thermal management requirement in a thermal management method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 is an example flow chart of a sixth thermal management requirement in a thermal management method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Fig.10 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example structure of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] In the figure, electric compressor 1, second refrigerant shut-off valve 2, water-cooled condenser 3, first refrigerant shut-off valve 4, electronic expansion valve 5, waste heat recovery device 6, condenser 7, first refrigerant expansion valve 8, second refrigerant expansion valve 9, cold air evaporator 10, battery cooler 11, engine 12, electronic main water pump 13, fifth water temperature sensor 14, high temperature radiator 15, second water temperature sensor 16, high temperature water storage pot 17, cooling fan 18, generator 19, first electronic auxiliary water pump 20, first water temperature sensor 21, generator radiator 22, low-temperature water storage pot 23, water-cooled intercooler 24, rear electric drive 25, electronic control 26, second electronic auxiliary water pump 27, fourth water temperature sensor 28, low-temperature radiator 29, second three-way valve 30, four-way valve 31, third electronic auxiliary water pump 32, heating device 33, first three-way valve 34, third water temperature sensor 35, battery 36, fourth electronic auxiliary water pump 37, battery water storage pot 38 and refrigerant one-way valve 39. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] The performance of power batteries will deteriorate at low temperatures, which will reduce the vehicle's cruising range and have a significant impact on the vehicle's mileage. In addition, the popularity of public charging equipment is not perfect. For first-time car buyers and users who only have one car at home, considering long-distance travel during holidays, they often do not choose pure electric vehicles. In this case, hybrid models become a better choice.

[0045] As battery costs fall, the pure electric range of hybrid vehicles is getting longer and longer. The existing thermal management system architecture only considers the normal operation of the power system. There is a refrigerant circuit that does not consider the use of the heat pump system, and the passenger compartment heating relies on engine waste heat or water heaters; but in pure electric mode, the engine waste heat cannot be used, and a water heater is used, which consumes a lot of energy; the use of engine waste heat is not considered in pure electric mode, and under low temperature conditions, the refrigerant system fails to be effectively combined with the water system, resulting in energy waste; the architecture design considers more the heat dissipation of the power system or the cooling of the battery under high temperature conditions, but does not consider the energy-saving design under low temperature conditions; low-temperature heating relies more on engine waste heat, and does not consider a series of issues such as the design of the heating system and energy saving in pure electric mode.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can also be the internal connection of two components, it can be a wireless connection, or it can be a wired connection. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0048] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. The embodiment of the invention discloses a thermal management system, such as Figure 1 As shown, the thermal management system includes a heating circuit, a refrigerant circuit and a battery circuit, and also includes a first three-way valve 34 and a water-cooled condenser 3, wherein the heating circuit and the refrigerant circuit are connected via the water-cooled condenser 3, and the water-cooled condenser 3 is used to exchange the high-temperature refrigerant emitted by the electric compressor 1 in the refrigerant circuit to the heating circuit; the first port of the first three-way valve 34 is connected to the heating circuit, the second port is connected to the heater 33 of the passenger compartment, and the third port is connected to the battery circuit, and is used to adjust the connection relationship between the heating circuit, the heater and the battery circuit.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the thermal management system of the embodiment of the present invention also includes a generator circuit, which is composed of a generator radiator 22, a first water temperature sensor 21, a first electronic auxiliary water pump 20, a generator 19, a low-temperature water storage pot 23 and a cooling fan 18. The working state of the generator circuit is as follows: the water outlet of the generator radiator 22 passes through the first water temperature sensor 21 and enters the first electronic auxiliary water pump 20, flows out of the first electronic auxiliary water pump 20, enters the generator 19, flows out of the generator 19 and returns to the generator radiator 22 to exchange heat with the air, the water supply pipe of the low-temperature water storage pot 23 is connected to the front of the first electronic auxiliary water pump 20, and the water outlet of the generator 19 is connected to the overflow port of the low-temperature water storage pot 23; the engine circuit is composed of the engine 12, the electronic main water pump 13, the second water temperature sensor 16, the high-temperature radiator 15, the fifth water temperature sensor 14, a high-temperature water tank 17 and a cooling fan 18, the working state of the engine 12 circuit is as follows: the water output from the engine 12 enters the electronic main water pump 13, flows out from the electronic main water pump 13, passes through the second water temperature sensor 16 and enters the high-temperature radiator 15, after heat exchange with the air, flows out from the high-temperature radiator 15, passes through the fifth water temperature sensor 14 and returns to the engine 12, the outlet of the high-temperature radiator 15 is connected to the overflow port of the high-temperature water tank 17, and the water supply pipe of the high-temperature water tank 17 is connected to the water outlet of the electronic main water pump 13, just as an example; wherein, the engine circuit and the generator circuit are automatically closed or opened based on demand, the heating circuit includes a third electronic auxiliary water pump 32 and a heating device 33 for the passenger compartment, the specific heating circuit principle belongs to the prior art, which is used to heat the passenger compartment and / or the battery, and will not be repeated here. The refrigerant circuit of the embodiment of the present invention includes an electric compressor 1, a refrigerant one-way valve 39 and an electronic expansion valve 5. The heating circuit and the refrigerant circuit are connected through a water-cooled condenser 3. The water-cooled condenser 3 is used to exchange heat from the high-temperature refrigerant emitted from the refrigerant circuit to the heating circuit. When the vehicle is in pure electric mode and low-temperature conditions and the engine 12 is not working, the refrigerant circuit heats the passenger compartment and / or the battery. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the electric compressor 1 enters the water-cooled condenser 3. The water-cooled condenser 3 is used to exchange heat between the high-temperature refrigerant and the water in the heating circuit to increase the temperature of the water flowing in the heating circuit. The refrigerant after heat exchange flows out of the water-cooled condenser 3, passes through the refrigerant one-way valve 39, and then enters the waste heat recovery device 6 after throttling and reducing the pressure by the electronic expansion valve 5. At this time, the refrigerant entering the waste heat recovery device 6 has a lower temperature after heat exchange and throttling and reducing the pressure by the electronic expansion valve 5.

[0050] After the water flowing in the heating circuit of the embodiment of the present invention exchanges heat with the high-temperature refrigerant through the water-cooled condenser, it enters the first port of the first three-way valve 34. Based on the conduction mode of the first three-way valve 34, the heat-exchanged water can flow out from the second port or the third port to achieve heating of the passenger compartment or the battery.

[0051] The thermal management system provided by the present invention has a designed water-cooled condenser to realize the connection between the refrigerant circuit and the heating circuit, and can dissipate the high-temperature refrigerant emitted by the electric compressor in the refrigerant circuit to the heating circuit. At the same time, the designed first three-way valve can realize the selective heating of the passenger compartment and the battery by the water after heat exchange in the heating circuit, so that when the vehicle is in pure electric mode, the refrigerant circuit can be used to heat the passenger compartment and the battery, without using the engine and water heater, thereby saving energy consumption.

[0052] In some optional embodiments, the thermal management system also includes an electric drive heat dissipation circuit, a waste heat recovery device and a second three-way valve 30, wherein the electric drive heat dissipation circuit includes at least a low-temperature radiator 29, an electric control 26, a rear electric drive 25 and a water-cooled cooler 24, wherein the fourth port of the second three-way valve 30 is connected to the refrigerant circuit through the waste heat recovery device 6, the fifth port is arranged on the pipeline through which the waste heat is circulated after the electric control 26, the rear electric drive 25 and the water-cooled cooler 24 dissipate the waste heat, and the sixth port is arranged at the inlet end of the low-temperature radiator 29 in the electric drive heat dissipation circuit, for adjusting the flow direction of the electric drive waste heat, and the waste heat recovery device 6 is used to use the recovered electric drive waste heat to increase the temperature of the refrigerant.

[0053] like Figure 1As shown, the electric drive heat dissipation circuit of the embodiment of the present invention includes a low-temperature radiator 29, a fourth water temperature sensor 28, a second electronic auxiliary water pump 27, an electronic control 26, a rear electric drive 25 and a water-cooled intercooler 24, etc. The fourth port of the second three-way valve 30 is connected to the refrigerant circuit through the waste heat recovery device 6, the fifth port is connected to the low-temperature radiator 29 through the electronic control 26, the rear electric drive 25, and the water-cooled intercooler 24, and the sixth port is connected to the inlet end of the low-temperature radiator 29. The conduction mode is used to adjust the flow direction of the electric drive waste heat. The working state of the electric drive heat dissipation circuit is as follows: the water outlet of the low-temperature radiator 29 enters the second electronic auxiliary water pump 27 through the fourth water temperature sensor 28, and flows out of the second electronic auxiliary water pump 27 and enters the electronic control 26, the rear electric drive 25, and the water-cooled intercooler 24 respectively. After flowing out of the electronic control 26, the rear electric drive 25, and the water-cooled intercooler 24, they are gathered into one path to enter the second three-way valve 30 and enter from the fifth port of the second three-way valve 30. Among them, the electronic control 26, The waste heat dissipated by the rear electric drive 25 and the water-cooled intercooler 24 flows into the pipeline for circulation. At this time, the waste heat of the electric drive will enter the fifth port of the second three-way valve 30. Then, according to the conduction mode of the second three-way valve 30, the waste heat of the electric drive flowing into the fifth port can be discharged from the fourth port or the sixth port to achieve different functions respectively. For example, under high temperature conditions, the fourth port is closed to avoid the waste heat of the electric drive under high temperature conditions from affecting the heat dissipation of the refrigerant circuit. When the vehicle is in pure electric mode and low temperature conditions, the engine 12 is not working, then the fourth port is connected, and the waste heat of the electric drive flows into the waste heat recovery device 6 through the fourth port. Then, the refrigerant entering the waste heat recovery device 6 absorbs the heat of the waste heat of the electric drive, further increasing the temperature of the refrigerant. The refrigerant after absorbing the waste heat of the electric drive flows out of the waste heat recovery device 6, passes through the condenser 7, the first refrigerant expansion valve 8 and the evaporator 10, and finally returns to the electric compressor 1, which can reduce the work done by the electric compressor 1, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the system and achieving the purpose of energy saving.

[0054] The second three-way valve designed in the present invention is used to prevent the electric drive waste heat from affecting the heat dissipation of the refrigerant system under high temperature conditions. At the same time, under low temperature conditions, the refrigerant can absorb the electric drive waste heat through the waste heat recovery device to reduce energy consumption.

[0055] In some optional embodiments, the thermal management system also includes a first refrigerant shut-off valve 4 and a second refrigerant shut-off valve 2, and the refrigerant circuit includes at least a condenser 7 and an electronic expansion valve 5, wherein the first refrigerant shut-off valve 4 is arranged on the pipeline connecting the electric compressor 1 and the waste heat recovery device 6, and is used to control the refrigerant discharged from the electric compressor 1 to enter the passenger compartment air conditioning evaporator 10 or the battery circuit after passing through the electronic expansion valve 5 and the condenser 7; the second refrigerant shut-off valve 2 is arranged on the pipeline connecting the electric compressor 1 and the water-cooled condenser 3, and is used to control the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the electric compressor 1 to enter the water-cooled condenser 3.

[0056] like Figure 1As shown, the thermal management system also includes a first refrigerant stop valve 4 and a second refrigerant stop valve 2, wherein the first refrigerant stop valve 4 is arranged on the pipeline connecting the electric compressor 1 and the electronic expansion valve 5. When the first refrigerant expansion valve 8 is turned on, the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the electric compressor 1 flows through the first refrigerant stop valve 4 and the electronic expansion valve 5 for throttling and pressure reduction, and then passes through the waste heat recovery device 6 and the condenser to enter the passenger compartment cold air evaporator 10 and / or the battery circuit. The second refrigerant stop valve 2 is arranged on the pipeline connecting the electric compressor 1 and the water-cooled condenser 3. When the second refrigerant stop valve 2 is turned on, the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the electric compressor 1 flows directly into the water-cooled condenser 3 through the second refrigerant stop valve 2 for heat exchange, which is only taken as an example.

[0057] The present invention realizes cooling or heating of the passenger compartment and / or the battery by the refrigerant circuit by setting the conduction state of the first refrigerant stop valve and the second refrigerant stop valve.

[0058] Specifically, the thermal management system also includes a first refrigerant expansion valve 8 and a second refrigerant expansion valve 9, and the battery circuit includes at least a battery cooler 11 and a battery, wherein the first refrigerant expansion valve 8 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the condenser 7 and the passenger compartment air-conditioning evaporator 10, and is used to control the refrigerant discharged from the condenser 7 to enter the passenger compartment air-conditioning evaporator 10; the second refrigerant expansion valve 9 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the battery cooler 11 and the condenser 7, and is used to control the refrigerant discharged from the condenser 7 to enter the battery cooler 11, and the battery cooler 11 is connected to the battery 36, and is used to receive water flowing out of the battery, and after heat exchange, the heat exchanged water flows into the battery.

[0059] The first refrigerant expansion valve 8 designed in the embodiment of the present invention is arranged on the pipeline connecting the condenser 7 and the passenger compartment air conditioning evaporator 10, and the second refrigerant expansion valve 9 is arranged on the pipeline connecting the battery cooler 11 and the condenser 7. When the thermal management demand is a cooling demand, the first refrigerant stop valve 4 is turned on, and the refrigerant discharged from the electric compressor 1 passes through the electronic expansion valve 5 for throttling and pressure reduction, passes through the waste heat recovery device 6 and the condenser 7, and enters the first refrigerant expansion valve 8 and the second refrigerant expansion valve 9. If the first refrigerant expansion valve 8 is turned on, the refrigerant flows into the first refrigerant expansion valve 8 and enters the passenger compartment air conditioning evaporator 10 to exchange heat with the passenger compartment air, and then is discharged from the passenger compartment air conditioning evaporator 10. 10 flows out and finally flows into the electric compressor 1. If the second refrigerant expansion valve 9 is turned on, the refrigerant flows into the second refrigerant expansion valve 9 and enters the battery cooler 11. The battery circuit at least includes a battery 36, a fourth electronic auxiliary water pump 37, a battery water reservoir 38 and a third water temperature sensor 35. The water out of the battery enters the fourth electronic auxiliary water pump 37, flows out of the fourth electronic auxiliary water pump 37 and enters the electronic water reservoir 38, and flows out of the electronic water reservoir 38 and enters the battery cooler 11. The battery cooler 11 exchanges heat with the water flowing out of the battery 36 and the refrigerant, and then flows out of the battery cooler 11 through the third water temperature sensor and enters the battery 36. This is just an example.

[0060] The present invention provides a first refrigerant expansion valve and a second refrigerant expansion valve, and based on the respective conduction states of the two refrigerant expansion valves, realizes cooling of the passenger compartment and / or the battery by the refrigerant circuit, thereby making the application scenarios of the thermal management system more comprehensive.

[0061] In some optional embodiments, the battery circuit includes at least a battery cooler 11 and a battery 36, wherein the first port of the first three-way valve 34 is connected to the outlet of the water-cooled condenser 3, the second port is connected to the heater 33 of the passenger compartment, and the third port is connected to the battery cooler 11 in the battery circuit; the battery cooler 11 is connected to the battery 36 for receiving water flowing out of the battery 36, and after heat exchange, the water after heat exchange flows into the battery 36.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, the first port of the first three-way valve 34 designed in the embodiment of the present invention is connected to the outlet of the water-cooled condenser 3. After exchanging heat with the high-temperature refrigerant through the water-cooled condenser 3, the water after heat exchange can directly enter the first port of the first three-way valve 34. The second port of the first three-way valve 34 is connected to the heater 33 of the passenger compartment, and the heater 33 can be a heater core. Just as an example, the third port is connected to the battery cooler 11 in the battery circuit, and then based on the conduction mode of the first three-way valve 34, the heating circuit realizes heating of the battery 36 and / or the passenger compartment.

[0063] Specifically, the first three-way valve 34 is a three-way proportional valve, and the heat outflow ratio between the second port and the third port can be adjusted based on the requirements of the thermal management system. The corresponding proportional outflow is set, and one way out flows into the heater 33, and the other way out flows into the battery cooler 11, for example only.

[0064] The three-way valve designed in the present invention is a three-way proportional valve. When the passenger compartment and the battery are heated simultaneously, the corresponding outflow ratio can be set according to the requirements of the thermal management system, thereby improving the flexibility of the system heating.

[0065] In some optional embodiments, the thermal management system also includes an engine circuit and a four-way valve 31, wherein the seventh port and the eighth port of the four-way valve 31 are connected to the engine circuit, and the ninth port and the tenth port are connected to the heating circuit, for adjusting the connection relationship between the engine circuit and the heating circuit.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, the seventh port and the eighth port of the four-way valve 31 are connected to the engine circuit, and the ninth port and the tenth port are connected to the heating circuit, so as to adjust the connection relationship between the engine 12 circuit and the heating circuit. For example, the seventh port and the ninth port are connected and conducted, and the eighth port and the tenth port are connected and conducted, so as to realize the series connection between the engine circuit and the heating circuit, so that the residual heat of the engine 12 flows into the heater 33 of the passenger compartment through the conducted four-way valve 31 to heat the passenger compartment. When the vehicle is in pure electric mode, the engine 12 does not work, and the seventh port and the eighth port of the corresponding four-way valve 31 are connected and conducted, and the ninth port and the tenth port are connected and conducted, so as to close the connection between the engine circuit and the heating circuit. This is only an example, and the detailed connection and conduction method can be set according to actual conditions.

[0067] Specifically, the engine 12 circuit includes at least the engine 12 and the electronic main water pump 13, wherein the seventh port of the four-way valve 31 is connected to the outlet of the engine 12, the eighth port is connected to the inlet of the engine 12 through the electronic main water pump 13, the ninth port is connected to the heater 33 of the passenger compartment, and the tenth port is connected to the inlet of the water-cooled condenser 3.

[0068] The seventh port of the four-way valve 31 designed in the embodiment of the present invention is connected to the outlet of the engine 12, the eighth port is connected to the inlet of the engine 12 through the electronic main water pump 13, the ninth port is connected to the heater 33 of the passenger compartment, and the tenth port is connected to the inlet of the water-cooled condenser 3. When the vehicle is in the working state of the engine 12, the corresponding seventh port and the ninth port are connected and conducted, and the eighth port and the tenth port are connected and conducted. The water output from the engine 12 enters the electronic main water pump 13, flows out from the electronic main water pump 13, enters the four-way valve 31, enters from the eighth port of the four-way water valve 31, flows out from the tenth port, enters the first three-way valve 34 through the water-cooled condenser 3, flows into the first port of the first three-way valve 34, and then flows out from the second port and / or the third port. After passing through the heater 33 and / or the battery cooler 11, it flows out and then passes through the ninth port and the seventh port and flows back to the engine 12. This is just an example. If the vehicle is in pure electric mode and the engine 12 is not working, the seventh port and the eighth port are connected and conducted, and the ninth port and the tenth port are connected and conducted, for example only.

[0069] The four-way valve designed in the present invention can not only support the use of waste heat from the engine in working state to directly heat the passenger compartment and the battery, but also support the refrigerant circuit to heat the passenger compartment and the battery in pure electric mode, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency and capacity of the entire system, avoiding energy waste, and comprehensively improving energy utilization by more than 5%.

[0070] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a thermal management method embodiment is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0071] In this embodiment, a thermal management method is provided, which can be used in the thermal management system described in the above embodiment. Figure 2 is a flow chart of a thermal management method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0072] Step S201, obtaining the current driving mode of the vehicle, the operating status of the battery and the temperature of the passenger compartment.

[0073] Step S202, determining the battery temperature requirement based on the operating state of the battery, and determining the current thermal management requirement based on the current driving mode of the vehicle, the current battery temperature and the battery temperature requirement, and the relationship between the temperature of the passenger compartment and the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment.

[0074] Step S203, based on the current thermal management requirement, controlling the port conduction states of the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the four-way valve, and changing the working state of the thermal management system to meet the current thermal management requirement.

[0075] The embodiment of the present invention can obtain the current driving mode of the vehicle, including but not limited to the pure electric mode or the hybrid mode. If the vehicle is in the pure electric mode, the generator circuit in the corresponding thermal management system is working, and the engine circuit is not working. If the vehicle is in the hybrid mode, the engine circuit and the generator circuit are automatically turned on or off based on demand. The operating state of the battery may include but is not limited to the driving condition and the charging condition. Under the driving condition, when the battery temperature is higher than the preset battery temperature threshold, the battery will issue a cooling request. When the battery is in the charging condition, it will directly request the battery cooling demand. The current battery temperature and the current passenger compartment temperature can also be collected in real time through sensors and other collection devices. The current battery status can also be obtained in real time. Different operating states of the battery have corresponding normal temperature requirement ranges. The current battery temperature and the normal temperature requirement range corresponding to the current battery operating state can be analyzed. A comparison is performed. If the current battery temperature is lower than the normal temperature requirement range, it is determined that the current thermal management requirement is to heat the battery. The user can set the comfort temperature of the passenger compartment based on his or her own preferences, and compare the comfort temperature set by the user with the collected current passenger compartment temperature. For example, if the current passenger compartment temperature is lower than the comfort temperature set by the user, it is determined that the current thermal management requirement is to heat the passenger compartment. For example, the conduction states of the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the four-way valve can be controlled based on the determined thermal management requirement to change the working state of the thermal management system. For example, it is determined that the current thermal management requirement is that the refrigerant circuit heats the passenger compartment in pure electric mode, then the first port and the second port of the first three-way valve are connected, the fourth port and the fifth port of the second three-way valve are connected, the seventh port and the eighth port of the four-way valve are connected, and the ninth port and the tenth port are connected. For example,

[0076] The thermal management method provided by the present invention determines the battery temperature requirement based on the current driving mode of the vehicle and the operating status of the battery, determines the current thermal management requirement based on the relationship between the current battery temperature and the battery temperature requirement, and the relationship between the current passenger compartment temperature and the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment, and then controls the port conduction of the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the four-way valve based on the determined thermal management requirement, thereby achieving satisfaction of the current thermal management requirement.

[0077] Specifically, if the current battery temperature is within the battery temperature requirement range, but the current passenger compartment temperature is greater than the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment, the current thermal management requirement is determined to be the first thermal management requirement of the refrigerant circuit for cooling the passenger compartment; or, if the current operating state of the battery is a charging state, or the current battery temperature is greater than the battery temperature requirement range, and the current passenger compartment temperature is greater than the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment, the current thermal management requirement is determined to be the second thermal management requirement of the refrigerant circuit for cooling the passenger compartment and the battery; or, if the current driving mode of the vehicle is an engine operating mode, the current battery temperature is within the battery temperature requirement range, but the current passenger compartment temperature is lower than the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment, the current thermal management requirement is determined to be the third thermal management requirement of the engine circuit for heating the passenger compartment; or, if the vehicle is The previous driving mode is the engine working mode, the current battery temperature is lower than the battery temperature requirement range, and the current passenger compartment temperature is lower than the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment, and the current thermal management requirement is determined to be the fourth thermal management requirement of the engine circuit for heating the passenger compartment and the battery. Or, if the vehicle's current driving mode is the pure electric mode, the current battery temperature is within the battery temperature requirement range, but the current passenger compartment temperature is lower than the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment, and the current thermal management requirement is determined to be the fifth thermal management requirement of the refrigerant circuit for heating the passenger compartment. Or, if the vehicle's current driving mode is the pure electric mode, the current battery temperature is lower than the battery temperature requirement range, and the current passenger compartment temperature is lower than the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment, and the current thermal management requirement is determined to be the sixth thermal management requirement of the refrigerant circuit for heating the passenger compartment and the battery.

[0078] The present invention determines the thermal management requirements corresponding to all situations that may occur in the battery and the passenger compartment during vehicle driving, thereby improving the breadth of application scenarios of the thermal management method.

[0079] Specifically, based on the current thermal management requirement, the port conduction states of the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the four-way valve are controlled, including: if the current thermal management requirement is the first thermal management requirement or the second thermal management requirement, the fifth port and the sixth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, and the first three-way valve and the four-way valve are closed; if the current thermal management requirement is the third thermal management requirement, the fifth port and the sixth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the first port and the second port of the first three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the seventh port and the ninth port of the four-way valve are connected and connected, and the eighth port and the tenth port are connected and connected; if the current thermal management requirement is the fourth thermal management requirement, the fifth port and the sixth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, and the first port and the second port of the first three-way valve are controlled to be connected. The first port, the second port and the third port are all connected, the seventh port and the ninth port of the four-way valve are connected and connected, and the eighth port and the tenth port are connected and connected; if the current thermal management requirement is the fifth thermal management requirement, the fourth port and the fifth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the first port and the second port of the first three-way valve are connected, the seventh port and the eighth port of the four-way valve are connected and connected, and the ninth port and the tenth port are connected and connected; if the current thermal management requirement is the sixth thermal management requirement, the fourth port and the fifth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the first port, the second port and the third port of the first three-way valve are all connected, the seventh port and the eighth port of the four-way valve are connected and connected, and the ninth port and the tenth port are connected and connected.

[0080] In an optional embodiment, if the current thermal management requirement is the first thermal management requirement or the second thermal management requirement, the first refrigerant stop valve is controlled to be turned on and the second refrigerant stop valve is closed; if the current thermal management requirement is the third thermal management requirement or the fourth thermal management requirement, the first refrigerant stop valve and the second refrigerant stop valve are both controlled to be closed; if the current thermal management requirement is the fifth thermal management requirement or the sixth thermal management requirement, the first refrigerant stop valve is controlled to be closed and the second refrigerant stop valve is turned on.

[0081] In an optional embodiment, if the current thermal management requirement is the first thermal management requirement, the first refrigerant expansion valve is controlled to be turned on and the second refrigerant expansion valve is controlled to be closed; if the current thermal management requirement is the second thermal management requirement, both the first refrigerant expansion valve and the second refrigerant expansion valve are controlled to be turned on; if the current thermal management requirement is the third thermal management requirement or the fourth thermal management requirement or the fifth thermal management requirement or the sixth thermal management requirement, both the first refrigerant expansion valve and the second refrigerant expansion valve are controlled to be closed.

[0082] like Figure 3As shown in the figure, the dotted line represents the line that does not need to circulate, and the line represents the heat or refrigerant flowing through. If the current thermal management demand is the first thermal management demand, that is, when cooling the passenger compartment, the refrigerant circuit and the electric drive cooling circuit work, the engine circuit and the generator circuit are automatically opened or closed based on demand, and the heating circuit and the battery circuit do not work; control the fifth port and the sixth port of the second three-way valve to be connected, the first three-way valve is closed, the four-way valve is closed, the first refrigerant stop valve is turned on, the second refrigerant stop valve is closed, the first refrigerant expansion valve is turned on, and the second refrigerant expansion valve is closed; the refrigerant circuit is as follows: the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the electric compressor 1 assembly passes through the first refrigerant stop valve, the electronic expansion valve, and the waste heat recovery device into the condenser, exchanges heat with the air, and exchanges heat with the refrigerant after heat exchange It enters the first refrigerant expansion valve, and after throttling and reducing the pressure by the first refrigerant expansion valve, it enters the evaporator, exchanges heat with the air in the vehicle, flows out of the evaporator after heat exchange, and returns to the electric compressor 1; the electric drive heat dissipation circuit works as follows: the water outlet of the low-temperature radiator passes through the fourth water temperature sensor and enters the second electronic auxiliary water pump, and after flowing out of the second electronic auxiliary water pump, it enters the electronic control, rear electric drive, and water-cooled intercooler respectively, and after flowing out of the electronic control, rear electric drive, and water-cooled intercooler, it is gathered into one path and enters the second three-way valve, wherein the second three-way valve can also be a three-way proportional valve, entering from the fifth port (B port) of the second three-way valve, and flowing out from the sixth port (A port), and returns to the low-temperature radiator; the low-temperature water storage pot assembly water supply pipe is connected to the front of the second electronic auxiliary water pump, and the low-temperature radiator water outlet is connected to the overflow port of the low-temperature water storage pot.

[0083] like Figure 4As shown, if the current thermal management demand is the second thermal management demand, the refrigerant circuit and the low-temperature circuit work, the engine circuit and the generator circuit are automatically opened or closed based on the demand, the heating circuit and the battery circuit do not work, the fifth port and the sixth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the first three-way valve is closed, the four-way valve is closed, the first refrigerant stop valve is turned on, the second refrigerant stop valve is closed, and the first refrigerant expansion valve and the second refrigerant expansion valve are both turned on; the refrigerant circuit is as follows: the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the electric compressor 1 assembly passes through the first refrigerant stop valve, the electronic expansion valve, and the waste heat recovery device into the condenser to exchange heat with the air. The refrigerant is divided into two paths, one entering the first refrigerant expansion valve and the other entering the second refrigerant expansion valve. After throttling and reducing the pressure by the first refrigerant expansion valve and the second refrigerant expansion valve, they enter the evaporator and the battery cooler respectively. The refrigerant entering the evaporator exchanges heat with the air in the vehicle, and the refrigerant entering the battery cooler exchanges heat with the antifreeze in the battery circuit in the battery cooler. The refrigerant after heat exchange flows out of the evaporator and the battery cooler, and after merging, returns to the electric compressor 1; the low-temperature circuit is as follows: the water outlet of the low-temperature radiator passes through the fourth water temperature sensor and enters the second electronic auxiliary water pump. After flowing out of the second electronic auxiliary water pump, it enters the electronic control, rear electric drive, and water-cooled intercooler respectively. After flowing out of the electronic control, rear electric drive, and water-cooled intercooler, it is summarized into one path and enters the second three-way valve, wherein the second three-way valve can also be a three-way proportional valve, entering from the fifth port (B port) of the second three-way valve, and flowing out from the sixth port (A port), and returns to the low-temperature radiator; the water supply pipe of the low-temperature water storage pot assembly is connected to the front of the second electronic auxiliary water pump, and the water outlet of the low-temperature radiator is connected to the overflow port of the low-temperature water storage pot.

[0084] like Figure 5As shown, if the current thermal management demand is the third thermal management demand, the engine circuit, generator circuit, low-temperature circuit, and heating circuit are working, and the refrigerant circuit and battery circuit are not working; the fifth port and the sixth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the first port and the second port of the first three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the seventh port and the ninth port of the four-way valve are connected, the eighth port and the tenth port are connected, the first refrigerant stop valve and the second refrigerant stop valve are both closed, and the first refrigerant expansion valve and the second refrigerant expansion valve are controlled to be closed; the engine circuit is as follows: the engine outlet water enters the electronic main water pump, and the electronic After flowing out of the main water pump, it passes through the second water temperature sensor and enters the high-temperature radiator. After exchanging heat with the air, it flows out of the high-temperature radiator and returns to the engine through the fifth water temperature sensor. The high-temperature radiator outlet is connected to the overflow port of the high-temperature water storage tank. The high-temperature water storage tank water supply pipe is connected to the electronic main water pump water outlet; the generator circuit is as follows: the generator radiator water passes through the first water temperature sensor and enters the first electronic auxiliary water pump. After flowing out of the first electronic auxiliary water pump assembly, it enters the generator. After flowing out of the generator, it returns to the generator radiator and exchanges heat with the air. The low-temperature water storage tank water supply pipe is connected to the first electronic auxiliary water pump assembly. Before the generator is connected to the overflow port of the low-temperature water storage pot; the low-temperature circuit is as follows: the low-temperature radiator outlet water passes through the fourth water temperature sensor and enters the second electronic auxiliary water pump, flows out of the second electronic auxiliary water pump and enters the electronic control, rear electric drive and water-cooled intercooler respectively, and then flows out of the electronic control, rear electric drive and water-cooled intercooler, and is summarized into one path to enter the second three-way valve, enter from the fifth port (B port) of the second three-way valve, and flow out from the sixth port (A port) and return to the low-temperature radiator; the low-temperature water storage pot assembly water supply pipe is connected to the second electronic auxiliary water pump, and the low-temperature radiator outlet water is connected to the overflow port of the low-temperature water storage pot; the heating The circuit is as follows: the water outlet from the engine enters the electronic main water pump, flows out from the electronic main water pump, enters the four-way valve, enters from the eighth port (port B) of the four-way valve, flows out from the tenth port (port C), passes through the water-cooled condenser and enters the first three-way valve, flows in from the first port (port B) of the first three-way valve, flows out from the second port (port A), enters the heater core, exchanges heat with the air in the car, flows out of the heater core after heat exchange, enters the third electronic auxiliary water pump, flows out from the third electronic auxiliary water pump assembly, enters the four-way valve, flows in from the ninth port (port D) of the four-way water valve, flows out from the seventh port (port A), and returns to the engine.

[0085] like Figure 6As shown, if the current thermal management demand is the fourth thermal management demand, the engine circuit, generator circuit, low temperature circuit, heating circuit, and battery circuit are working, and the refrigerant circuit is not working; the fifth port and the sixth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be turned on, the first port, the second port, and the third port of the first three-way valve are all turned on, the seventh port and the ninth port of the four-way valve are connected and turned on, the eighth port and the tenth port are connected and turned on, the first refrigerant stop valve and the second refrigerant stop valve are both closed, and the first refrigerant expansion valve and the second refrigerant expansion valve are both closed. The working state of the engine cooling circuit is as follows: the water outlet of the engine enters the electronic main water pump, flows out of the electronic main water pump and enters the high-temperature radiator through the second water temperature sensor, exchanges heat with the air, flows out of the high-temperature radiator, and returns to the engine through the fifth water temperature sensor. The high-temperature radiator outlet is connected to the overflow port of the high-temperature water storage pot, and the high-temperature water storage pot water supply pipe is connected to the water outlet of the electronic main water pump; the working state of the generator circuit is as follows: the generator circuit is as follows: the water outlet of the generator radiator enters the first electronic auxiliary water pump through the first water temperature sensor, flows out of the first electronic auxiliary water pump assembly, and enters the generator, and then flows out of the high-temperature radiator. After flowing out of the generator, it returns to the generator radiator to exchange heat with the air. The low-temperature water storage tank water supply pipe is connected to the front of the first electronic auxiliary water pump assembly, and the generator water outlet is connected to the low-temperature water storage tank overflow port; the low-temperature circuit is as follows: the low-temperature radiator outlet water passes through the fourth water temperature sensor and enters the second electronic auxiliary water pump. After flowing out of the second electronic auxiliary water pump, it enters the electronic control, rear electric drive, and water-cooled intercooler respectively. After flowing out of the electronic control, rear electric drive, and water-cooled intercooler, it is gathered into one path and enters the second three-way valve, enters from the fifth port (B port) of the second three-way valve, flows out from the sixth port (A port), and returns to the low-temperature radiator; the low-temperature storage tank Before the water supply pipe of the kettle assembly is connected to the second electronic auxiliary water pump, the low-temperature radiator water outlet is connected to the overflow port of the low-temperature water storage kettle; the heating circuit is as follows: the engine outlet water enters the electronic main water pump, and after flowing out of the electronic main water pump, it enters the four-way valve, enters from the eighth port (B port) of the four-way valve, flows out from the tenth port (C port), passes through the water-cooled condenser and enters the first three-way valve, flows in from the first port (B port) of the first three-way valve, and flows out from the second port (A port) and the third port (C port) respectively, flows out from port A into the heater core, exchanges heat with the air in the car, flows out of the heater core after heat exchange, and flows out from port C. The water enters the battery cooler and exchanges heat with the antifreeze in the battery circuit. The antifreeze flowing out of the heater core and the battery cooler is collected and enters the third electronic auxiliary water pump. After flowing out of the third electronic auxiliary water pump (32), the water enters the four-way valve, flows in from the ninth port (D port) of the four-way valve, flows out from the seventh port (A port), and returns to the engine. The working state of the battery circuit is as follows: the water out of the battery enters the fourth electronic auxiliary water pump, flows out from the fourth electronic auxiliary water pump and enters the battery water storage pot, flows out from the battery water storage pot and enters the battery cooler. After heat exchange, the water flows out from the battery cooler and enters the battery through the third water temperature sensor.

[0086] like Figure 7As shown, if the current thermal management demand is the fifth thermal management demand, the refrigerant circuit, the low-temperature circuit, and the heating circuit work, the engine cooling circuit and the generator circuit are automatically opened or closed based on demand, the battery circuit does not work, the fourth port and the fifth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the first port and the second port of the first three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the seventh port and the eighth port of the four-way valve are connected, the ninth port and the tenth port are connected, the first refrigerant stop valve is controlled to be closed, the second refrigerant stop valve is turned on, and the first refrigerant expansion valve and the second refrigerant expansion valve are both closed. The refrigerant circuit is as follows: the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the electric compressor 1 enters the water-cooled condenser through the second refrigerant shut-off valve to exchange heat with the heating circuit. The refrigerant after heat exchange enters the electronic expansion valve, and after throttling and reducing the pressure by the electronic expansion valve, enters the waste heat recovery device to absorb the waste heat of the electric drive. After flowing out of the waste heat recovery device, it passes through the condenser. After flowing out of the condenser, it passes through the first refrigerant expansion valve and the evaporator and returns to the electric compressor 1; the working state of the low-temperature circuit is as follows: the outlet water of the low-temperature radiator passes through the fourth water temperature sensor and enters the second electronic auxiliary water pump. After flowing out of the second electronic auxiliary water pump, it enters the electronic control, rear electric drive, and water-cooled intercooler respectively. After flowing out of the electronic control, rear electric drive, and water-cooled intercooler, it is summarized into one path to enter the second three-way valve, enter from the fifth port (port B) of the second three-way valve, flow out from the fourth port (port C), enter the waste heat recovery device to exchange heat with the refrigerant, and flow out of the waste heat recovery device after heat exchange. Return to the low-temperature radiator; the low-temperature water tank water supply pipe is connected to the front of the second electronic auxiliary water pump, and the low-temperature radiator water outlet is connected to the low-temperature water tank overflow port; the heating circuit is as follows: the antifreeze after heat exchange with the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser enters the first three-way valve, flows in from the first port (B port) of the first three-way valve, flows out from the second port (A port), enters the heater core, exchanges heat with the air in the vehicle, flows out of the heater core after heat exchange, enters the third electronic auxiliary water pump, and after flowing out from the third electronic auxiliary water pump, enters the four-way valve, flows in from the ninth port (D port) of the electronic four-way water valve, flows out from the tenth port (C port), and returns to the water-cooled condenser.

[0087] like Figure 8As shown, if the current thermal management demand is the sixth thermal management demand, the refrigerant circuit, the low-temperature circuit, the heating circuit, and the battery circuit work, and the engine circuit and the generator circuit are opened or closed automatically based on demand, and the fourth port and the fifth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the first port, the second port and the third port of the first three-way valve are all connected, the seventh port and the eighth port of the four-way valve are connected, the ninth port and the tenth port are connected, the first refrigerant stop valve is closed, the second refrigerant stop valve is turned on, and the first refrigerant expansion valve and the second refrigerant expansion valve are both closed. The refrigerant circuit is as follows: the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the electric compressor 1 enters the water-cooled condenser through the second refrigerant shut-off valve to exchange heat with the heating circuit. The refrigerant after heat exchange enters the electronic expansion valve, and after throttling and reducing the pressure by the electronic expansion valve, enters the waste heat recovery device to absorb the waste heat of the electric drive. After flowing out of the waste heat recovery device, it passes through the condenser. After flowing out of the condenser, it passes through the first refrigerant expansion valve and the evaporator and returns to the electric compressor 1; the working state of the low-temperature circuit is as follows: the outlet water of the low-temperature radiator passes through the fourth water temperature sensor and enters the second electronic auxiliary water pump. After flowing out of the second electronic auxiliary water pump, it enters the electronic control, rear electric drive, and water-cooled intercooler respectively. After flowing out of the electronic control, rear electric drive, and water-cooled intercooler, it is summarized into one path to enter the second three-way valve, enter from the fifth port (port B) of the second three-way valve, flow out from the fourth port (port C), enter the waste heat recovery device to exchange heat with the refrigerant, and flow out of the waste heat recovery device after heat exchange. Back to the low-temperature radiator; the low-temperature water tank water supply pipe is connected to the front of the second electronic auxiliary water pump, and the low-temperature radiator water outlet is connected to the low-temperature water tank overflow port; the heating circuit is as follows: the antifreeze after heat exchange with the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser enters the first three-way valve, flows in from the first port (B port) of the first three-way valve, and flows out from the second port (A port) and the third port (C port) respectively. The antifreeze flowing out of port A enters the heater core, exchanges heat with the air in the car, and flows out of the heater core after heat exchange. The antifreeze flowing out of port C enters the battery cooler and is connected to the battery circuit. For heat exchange, the antifreeze flowing out of the heater core and the battery cooler is collected and enters the third electronic auxiliary water pump. After flowing out of the third electronic auxiliary water pump, it enters the four-way valve, flows into the ninth port (D port) of the electronic four-way water valve, flows out of the tenth port (C port), and returns to the water-cooled condenser; the battery circuit is as follows: the battery outlet water enters the fourth electronic auxiliary water pump, flows out of the fourth electronic auxiliary water pump and enters the battery water reservoir, flows out of the battery water reservoir and enters the battery cooler. After heat exchange, it flows out of the battery cooler and enters the battery through the third water temperature sensor.

[0088] See also Fig. 9 , Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided by an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig. 9As shown, the computer device includes: one or more processors 40, a memory 50, and interfaces for connecting various components, including high-speed interfaces and low-speed interfaces. Various components are connected to each other using different buses for communication, and can be installed on a common mainboard or installed in other ways as needed. The processor can process the instructions executed in the computer device, including instructions stored in or on the memory to display the graphical information of the GUI on an external input / output device (such as, a display device coupled to the interface). In some optional embodiments, if necessary, multiple processors and / or multiple buses can be used together with multiple memories and multiple memories. Similarly, multiple computer devices can be connected, and each device provides some necessary operations (for example, as a server array, a group of blade servers, or a multi-processor system). Fig. 9 A processor 40 is taken as an example.

[0089] The processor 40 may be a central processing unit, a network processor or a combination thereof. The processor 40 may further include a hardware chip. The hardware chip may be a dedicated integrated circuit, a programmable logic device or a combination thereof. The programmable logic device may be a complex programmable logic device, a field programmable logic gate array, a general purpose array logic or any combination thereof.

[0090] The memory 50 stores instructions executable by at least one processor 40, so that the at least one processor 40 executes the method shown in the above embodiment.

[0091] The memory 50 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system, an application required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the computer device, etc. In addition, the memory 50 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-transient memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transient solid-state storage device. In some optional embodiments, the memory 50 may optionally include a memory remotely arranged relative to the processor 40, and these remote memories may be connected to the computer device via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0092] The memory 50 may include a volatile memory, such as a random access memory; the memory may also include a non-volatile memory, such as a flash memory, a hard disk or a solid state drive; the memory 50 may also include a combination of the above types of memory.

[0093] The computer device also includes an input device 60 and an output device 70. The processor 40, the memory 50, the input device 60 and the output device 70 may be connected via a bus or other means. Fig. 9 The example of connecting through bus is taken in the following.

[0094] The input device 60 can receive input digital or character information, and generate key signal input related to the user settings and function control of the computer device, such as a touch screen, a keypad, a mouse, a track pad, a touch pad, an indicator bar, one or more mouse buttons, a trackball, a joystick, etc. The output device 70 may include a display device, an auxiliary lighting device (e.g., an LED) and a tactile feedback device (e.g., a vibration motor), etc. The above-mentioned display device includes but is not limited to a liquid crystal display, a light emitting diode, a display and a plasma display. In some optional embodiments, the display device can be a touch screen.

[0095] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a vehicle, such as Fig.10 As shown, the vehicle includes a thermal management system and a controller, and the controller executes the thermal management method of the above embodiment.

[0096] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The method according to the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, firmware, or can be implemented as a computer code that can be recorded in a storage medium, or can be implemented as a computer code that is originally stored in a remote storage medium or a non-temporary machine-readable storage medium and will be stored in a local storage medium through a network download, so that the method described herein can be stored in such software processing on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. Among them, the storage medium can be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only storage memory, a random access memory, a flash memory, a hard disk or a solid-state hard disk, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include a combination of the above types of memories. It can be understood that a computer, a processor, a microprocessor controller, or programmable hardware includes a storage component that can store or receive software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by a computer, a processor, or hardware, the method shown in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0097] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A thermal management system, characterized in that: The thermal management system at least includes a heating circuit, a refrigerant circuit, a battery circuit, a first three-way valve, and a water-cooled condenser. The refrigerant circuit includes an electric compressor. The heating circuit and the refrigerant circuit are connected via a water-cooled condenser, and the water-cooled condenser is used to transfer the high-temperature refrigerant emitted by the electric compressor in the refrigerant circuit to the heating circuit; The first port of the first three-way valve is connected to the heating circuit, the second port is connected to the heating device of the passenger compartment, and the third port is connected to the battery circuit, which is used to adjust the connection relationship between the heating circuit, the heating device, and the battery circuit.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The thermal management system further includes an electric drive heat dissipation circuit, a waste heat recovery device and a second three-way valve, wherein the electric drive heat dissipation circuit at least includes a low-temperature radiator, an electric control, a rear electric drive and a water-cooled cooler, wherein: The fourth port of the second three-way valve is connected to the refrigerant circuit through a waste heat recovery device, the fifth port is arranged on the pipeline through which the waste heat from the electronic control, rear electric drive and water-cooled cooler flows, and the sixth port is arranged at the inlet end of the low-temperature radiator in the electric drive heat dissipation circuit, for adjusting the flow direction of the electric drive waste heat. The waste heat recovery device is used to utilize the recovered electric drive waste heat to increase the temperature of the refrigerant.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The thermal management system further includes a first refrigerant shut-off valve and a second refrigerant shut-off valve, and the refrigerant circuit further includes a condenser and an electronic expansion valve, wherein: The first refrigerant shut-off valve is arranged on the pipeline connecting the electric compressor and the waste heat recovery device, and is used to control the refrigerant discharged from the electric compressor to enter the passenger compartment air conditioning evaporator or the battery circuit after passing through the electronic expansion valve and the condenser; The second refrigerant shut-off valve is arranged on the pipeline connecting the electric compressor and the water-cooled condenser, and is used to control the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the electric compressor to enter the water-cooled condenser.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The battery circuit includes at least a battery cooler and a battery, wherein: The first port of the first three-way valve is connected to the outlet of the water-cooled condenser, the second port is connected to the heating device of the passenger compartment, and the third port is connected to the battery cooler in the battery circuit; The battery cooler is connected to the battery, and is used for receiving water flowing out of the battery, and after heat exchange, the heat exchanged water flows into the battery.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The thermal management system further includes an engine circuit and a four-way valve, wherein: The seventh port and the eighth port of the four-way valve are connected to the engine circuit, and the ninth port and the tenth port are connected to the heating circuit, so as to adjust the connection relationship between the engine circuit and the heating circuit.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The engine circuit at least includes an engine and an electronic main water pump, wherein: The seventh port of the four-way valve is connected to the outlet of the engine, the eighth port is connected to the inlet of the engine through the electronic main water pump, the ninth port is connected to the heating device of the passenger compartment, and the tenth port is connected to the inlet of the water-cooled condenser.

7. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that The thermal management system further includes a first refrigerant expansion valve and a second refrigerant expansion valve, and the battery circuit includes at least a battery cooler and a battery, wherein: The first refrigerant expansion valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the condenser and the passenger compartment air conditioning evaporator, and is used to control the refrigerant discharged from the condenser to enter the passenger compartment air conditioning evaporator; The second refrigerant expansion valve is arranged on the pipeline connecting the battery cooler and the condenser, and is used to control the refrigerant discharged from the condenser to enter the battery cooler. The battery cooler is connected to the battery, and is used to receive water flowing out of the battery, and after heat exchange, the heat exchanged water flows into the battery.

8. The system according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The first three-way valve is a three-way proportional valve.

9. A thermal management method, characterized in that: Applied to the thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising: Obtain the vehicle's current driving mode, battery operating status, and passenger compartment temperature; determining a battery temperature requirement based on the operating state of the battery, and determining a current thermal management requirement based on a current driving mode of the vehicle, a current battery temperature and the battery temperature requirement, and a relationship between a passenger compartment temperature and a user's passenger compartment temperature requirement; Based on the current thermal management requirement, the port conduction states of the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the four-way valve are controlled to change the working state of the thermal management system to meet the current thermal management requirement.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The determining of the battery temperature requirement based on the operating state of the battery, and the determining of the current thermal management requirement based on the current driving mode of the vehicle, the battery temperature requirement, and the relationship between the temperature of the passenger compartment and the temperature requirement of the passenger compartment by the user, include: If the current battery temperature is within the battery temperature requirement range, but the current passenger compartment temperature is greater than the user's passenger compartment temperature requirement, the current thermal management requirement is determined to be the first thermal management requirement of the refrigerant circuit for cooling the passenger compartment, or, If the current battery operating state is charging, or the current battery temperature is greater than the battery temperature requirement range, and the current passenger compartment temperature is greater than the user's passenger compartment temperature requirement, the current thermal management requirement is determined to be the second thermal management requirement of the refrigerant circuit for cooling the passenger compartment and the battery, or, If the current driving mode of the vehicle is the engine operating mode, the current battery temperature is within the battery temperature requirement range, but the current passenger compartment temperature is lower than the user's passenger compartment temperature requirement, the current thermal management requirement is determined to be the third thermal management requirement of the engine circuit heating the passenger compartment, or, If the current driving mode of the vehicle is the engine operating mode, the current battery temperature is lower than the battery temperature requirement range, and the current passenger compartment temperature is lower than the user's passenger compartment temperature requirement, the current thermal management requirement is determined to be the fourth thermal management requirement of the engine circuit for heating the passenger compartment and the battery, or, If the current driving mode of the vehicle is pure electric mode, the current battery temperature is within the battery temperature requirement range, but the current passenger compartment temperature is lower than the user's passenger compartment temperature requirement, the current thermal management requirement is determined to be the fifth thermal management requirement for heating the passenger compartment by the refrigerant circuit, or, If the vehicle's current driving mode is pure electric mode, the current battery temperature is lower than the battery temperature requirement range, and the current passenger compartment temperature is lower than the user's temperature requirement for the passenger compartment, the current thermal management requirement is determined to be the sixth thermal management requirement for the refrigerant circuit to heat the passenger compartment and the battery.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The controlling the port conduction states of the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the four-way valve based on the current thermal management requirement includes: If the current thermal management requirement is the first thermal management requirement or the second thermal management requirement, the fifth port and the sixth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, and the first three-way valve and the four-way valve are closed; If the current thermal management requirement is the third thermal management requirement, the fifth port and the sixth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the first port and the second port of the first three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the seventh port and the ninth port of the four-way valve are connected to be connected, and the eighth port and the tenth port are controlled to be connected to be connected; If the current thermal management requirement is the fourth thermal management requirement, the fifth port and the sixth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the first port, the second port and the third port of the first three-way valve are all connected, the seventh port and the ninth port of the four-way valve are connected, and the eighth port and the tenth port are connected; If the current thermal management requirement is the fifth thermal management requirement, the fourth port and the fifth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the first port and the second port of the first three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the seventh port and the eighth port of the four-way valve are connected, and the ninth port and the tenth port are controlled to be connected; If the current thermal management requirement is the sixth thermal management requirement, the fourth port and the fifth port of the second three-way valve are controlled to be connected, the first port, the second port and the third port of the first three-way valve are all connected, the seventh port and the eighth port of the four-way valve are connected, and the ninth port and the tenth port are connected.

12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The method further comprises: If the current thermal management requirement is the first thermal management requirement or the second thermal management requirement, the first refrigerant stop valve is controlled to be turned on and the second refrigerant stop valve is controlled to be turned off; If the current thermal management requirement is the third thermal management requirement or the fourth thermal management requirement, controlling the first refrigerant stop valve and the second refrigerant stop valve to be closed; If the current thermal management requirement is the fifth thermal management requirement or the sixth thermal management requirement, the first refrigerant stop valve is controlled to be closed and the second refrigerant stop valve is controlled to be opened.

13. The method according to claim 10 or 12, characterized in that: The method further comprises: If the current thermal management requirement is the first thermal management requirement, the first refrigerant expansion valve is controlled to be turned on and the second refrigerant expansion valve is controlled to be turned off; If the current thermal management requirement is the second thermal management requirement, controlling the first refrigerant expansion valve and the second refrigerant expansion valve to be turned on; If the current thermal management requirement is the third thermal management requirement, the fourth thermal management requirement, the fifth thermal management requirement, or the sixth thermal management requirement, the first refrigerant expansion valve and the second refrigerant expansion valve are controlled to be closed.

14. A computer device, characterized in that: include: A memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are communicatively connected to each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the thermal management method according to any one of claims 9 to 13 by executing the computer instructions.

15. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises a controller and the thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the controller is configured to execute the thermal management method according to any one of claims 9 to 13 .

16. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable a computer to execute the thermal management method according to any one of claims 9 to 13.

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