Clamping and locking device assembly for battery box of electric heavy truck

Abstract

The invention discloses a clamping and locking device assembly for a battery box of an electric heavy truck in the technical field, and the locking device comprises a shell which is installed at the bottom of a bottom supporting plate and is used for accommodating a clamping part; the driving part performs locking and unlocking actions by controlling the clamping part and comprises a motor; the transmission component is used for controlling the clamping component to perform locking and unlocking actions and comprises a lead screw driven by a motor, the lead screw is in threaded connection with a lead screw fixing end and a nut block, and the lead screw fixing end and the nut block are driven by rotation of the lead screw to perform opposite movement; the clamping component is used for clamping the lock pin to lock the battery box frame and comprises a pair of clamping rods, one ends of the two clamping rods are hinged to the fixed end of the lead screw and the nut block respectively, the other ends of the two clamping rods are hinged together, a groove matched with the lock pin is machined between the two clamping rods, and the groove is matched with the lock pin. The locking mechanism solves the problem that in the prior art, an elastic piece in a locking mechanism is prone to bending or twisting hidden dangers in the process of participating in device unlocking and locking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery replacement for new energy vehicles, and in particular to a battery box clamping and locking device assembly for an electric heavy truck. Background Art

[0002] At present, the battery swap mode is often used in electric heavy trucks to replace the battery box to quickly replenish the battery energy. There are also many ways to swap batteries, and the top swap is currently the main one. The specific operation steps are: first, the truck drives into the charging station in the dedicated battery swap station, and the lifting equipment lifts the low-power battery box away, and then the fully charged battery box is lifted onto the truck. After that, a locking device is required to fix the battery box to the bracket below.

[0003] There are many types of locking devices for electric heavy-duty truck battery boxes. For example, the locking method disclosed in the patent with announcement number CN 115626045 A is a rotary clamping type. The cylinder 321 pushes forward, and the locking rod 111 will flip forward as the push rod moves forward under the tension of the spring 116. After the clamping block 115 is completely pressed against the inclined surface of the support block 4, the locking rod 111 will no longer flip forward. After the rear stopper of the push rod 313 contacts the locking rod 111, the thrust of the cylinder 321 will continue to press the locking rod 111 to achieve locking. Due to the processing errors of the heavy-duty truck battery box, it is difficult for these two inclined surfaces to fit completely. For example, the locking method disclosed in the patent with the announcement number CN 115817267B is a block articulated type. The cylinder piston rod 2211 is extended and retracted, so that the middle pull rod 224 drives the left pressure plate 225 and the right pressure plate 226 to rise or fall. When the middle pull rod 224 drives the left pressure plate 225 and the right pressure plate 226 to rise, the pressure plate is away from the battery box frame 4, and the two pressure plates rotate to reduce the angle, thereby achieving unlocking. When the middle pull rod 224 drives the left pressure plate 225 and the right pressure plate 226 to fall, the pressure plate approaches the battery box frame 4, and the two pressure plates rotate to increase the angle until the two pressure plates are horizontal. When locked, the bottom surface of the pressure plate is pressed on the battery box frame 4. The pressure plate is reset by the right-angle torsion spring 211 on the left and the right-angle torsion spring 231 on the right. When the device is unlocked, the elastic force of the torsion spring must be overcome.

[0004] The locking and unlocking in the above-mentioned prior art requires the participation of a spring, and the spring plays a greater role in realizing the function, while the defect of the spring itself is that it has a limit load. During the driving process of the vehicle, if the battery box is shaken or misplaced due to bumps or collisions, the battery box will transfer external force to the spring, which may easily cause the spring to bend or twist, resulting in failure of locking the battery box and a safety hazard. At the same time, the contact surface for locking by the above-mentioned technology can be regarded as a plane, and locking is achieved by pressing the plane. The contact area is relatively small relative to the entire plane, and due to the processing errors of the heavy truck battery box, it is difficult for the two surfaces to fit completely.

[0005] Therefore, a new technical solution is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a battery box clamping and locking device assembly for an electric heavy truck to solve the problem in the prior art that elastic parts in the locking mechanism are prone to bending or twisting during the unlocking and locking process of the device, while further improving the contact method when locking the battery.

[0007] The object of the present invention is achieved as follows: an electric heavy truck battery box clamping and locking device assembly, including a battery bracket, a battery box frame, and a plurality of locking devices installed on the battery bracket, wherein the locking device cooperates with a locking pin at the bottom of the battery box frame to achieve locking of the battery bracket and the battery box frame, characterized in that a bottom support plate is provided on the battery bracket, the locking device is installed at the bottom of the bottom support plate, the bottom support plate is installed on the battery bracket, a lock hole for the locking pin to pass through is opened on the bottom support plate, and the locking device comprises: A housing, mounted on the bottom of the bottom support plate, for accommodating a clamping component; A driving component, which controls the clamping component to perform locking and unlocking actions, including a motor; The transmission component is used to control the clamping component to perform locking and unlocking actions, including a lead screw driven by a motor, on which a lead screw fixed end and a nut block are threadedly connected, and the lead screw fixed end and the nut block are driven to move toward each other through the rotation of the lead screw; The clamping component is used to clamp the locking pin to lock the battery box frame, including a pair of clamping rods, one end of the two clamping rods is hinged to the fixed end of the screw and the nut block respectively, the other ends of the two clamping rods are hinged together, and a groove that cooperates with the locking pin is processed between the two clamping rods.

[0008] Furthermore, the locking pin includes a cylindrical section and a conical section, and the groove matches the locking pin, including a semicircular groove of the cylindrical section and a semicircular groove of the conical section. The height of the semicircular groove of the conical section is smaller than the height of the conical section of the locking pin, that is, the radius of the bottom end of the conical section of the locking pin is larger than the radius of the bottom end of the semicircular groove of the conical section. The radius of the top circle of the locking pin conical section is the same as the radius of the top end of the semicircular groove of the conical section of the clamping rod, that is, the diameter of the semicircular groove of the cylindrical section is equal to the diameter of the locking pin cylindrical section, and the taper of the locking pin conical section is the same as that of the semicircular groove of the clamping plate conical section.

[0009] Furthermore, a receiving cavity is formed between the shell and the bottom support plate, the receiving cavity is arranged in a shape corresponding to the clamping component, the inner contour size of the receiving cavity is larger than the outer contour size of the clamping component, and the height of the receiving cavity is larger than the height of the clamping component; Furthermore, the two clamping rods are symmetrically arranged, the outer side of the clamping rod is approximately triangular in shape, forming a bulge, and the inner side surface includes flat surfaces near the two ends and an arc surface in the middle. The arc surface on the inner side of the clamping rod has a guiding effect on the cylindrical section and the conical section of the locking pin. The interaction force when the clamping rod contacts the conical section of the locking pin can make the two clamping rods move in space relative to the locking pin until the conical surface of the clamping rod fits the conical section of the locking pin. Thereafter, the clamping rod continues to tightly clamp the locking pin conical section driven by the nut block, and the conical surfaces of the two clamping rods slide upward along the conical section of the locking pin and are in a locked state to fix the battery box.

[0010] Furthermore, the transmission component also includes a tapered stick bearing installed on the screw, a pair of linear bearings installed in the two side holes of the nut block, a pair of smooth rods installed in the two side holes of the fixed end of the screw and cooperating with the linear bearings, and a pair of fixing pins fixing the smooth rods and the fixed end of the screw; there is a T-type thread in the center hole of the nut block, forming a screw-nut pair with the screw; there is no relative movement between the fixed end of the screw and the screw, and the rotation of the screw drives the nut block to move on the screw, and the direction of movement of the nut block can be controlled by the steering of the motor.

[0011] Furthermore, the output shaft of the motor is connected to the lead screw via a coupling, and the coupling and the tapered roller bearing are placed in the center hole of the fixed end of the lead screw.

[0012] Furthermore, the clamping component includes a clamping rod rotating shaft installed in the rear end holes of the left clamping rod and the right clamping rod, a left clamping rod and a right clamping rod hinged on the clamping rod rotating shaft, and a left rotating shaft and a right rotating shaft connecting the front end of the left clamping rod and the right clamping rod with the fixed end of the screw and the nut block; the left clamping rod and the right clamping rod can make a certain angle rotational movement around the left and right rotating shafts together with the fixed end of the screw and the nut block; the right clamping rod can be driven by the nut block, and when the distance between the fixed end of the screw and the nut block increases, the two clamping rods open; when the distance decreases, the two clamping rods close.

[0013] Furthermore, the two side holes of the nut block and the fixed end of the lead screw are level with the center hole and are symmetrically distributed with respect to the center hole.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention drives the lead screw to rotate through the rotation of the motor, so that the nut block on the lead screw can move along the lead screw, thereby driving the left and right clamping rods to rotate around the clamping rod shaft, and the clamping rod and the connecting plate truncated cone are clamped and positioned by the interaction force when they contact during locking, and the contact surface is a truncated cone surface with a high degree of contact fit. The device can achieve locking and unlocking of the upper frame connecting plate by fully closing and opening the left and right clamping rods. In the present invention, the self-locking property of the lead screw and the nut itself is used to maintain the locking posture, and the self-locking structure is rigid self-locking and is less affected by external forces or vehicle bumps. At the same time, the device of the present invention only requires one driving motor, and the mechanical structure can realize the opening and closing of the left and right clamping rods, and the upper frame connecting plate can be unlocked and locked, and the structure is simple. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a layout diagram of the battery box locking device assembly of an electric heavy truck provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the battery bracket and battery box frame (without connecting plate) when they are matched.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the locking device and the battery bracket.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the locking drive component.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transmission components of the device.

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping parts of the device.

[0022] Figure 7 It is the overall appearance drawing of the clamp rod.

[0023] Figure 8 This is the appearance diagram of the connecting plate.

[0024] Fig. 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the device when it is clamped and positioned in an ideal state.

[0025] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the device when locking is completed.

[0026] Fig.11 This is a cross-sectional view of the device when it is locked.

[0027] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the device unlocking and resetting state.

[0028] Fig.13 It is a cross-sectional view of the device in the unlocked and reset state.

[0029] Fig.14 This is the force diagram of the clamp rod locking process in special case 1.

[0030] Fig.15 This is a special case 1 schematic diagram of the clamp rod locking completion.

[0031] Fig.16 This is the force diagram of the clamp rod unlocking process in special case 1.

[0032] Fig.17 This is the force diagram of the clamp rod locking process in special case 2.

[0033] Fig.18 This is a schematic diagram of the clamp rod locking completion in special case 2.

[0034] Fig.19 This is the force diagram of the clamp rod unlocking process in special case 2.

[0035] Fig. 20 This is the force diagram of the clamp rod locking process in special case 3.

[0036] Fig.21 This is a schematic diagram of the locking of the clamp rod in special case 3.

[0037] Fig. 22 This is the force diagram of the clamp rod unlocking process in special case 3.

[0038] Among them, 1. battery bracket; 11. bottom support plate; 2. quick-change connector; 3. locking device; 31. housing; 32. driving component; 321. motor; 322. coupling; 33. transmission component; 331. nut block; 332. screw fixed end; 333. screw; 334. tapered stick bearing; 335. linear bearing; 336 bare rod; 337. fixing pin; 34. clamping component; 341. right clamping rod; 342. left clamping rod; 343. clamping rod shaft; 344. right shaft; 345. left shaft; 4. battery box frame; 41. locking pin; 42. connecting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the locking devices 3 are distributed at intervals on the inner side of the frame of the battery bracket 1, and the number is at least four sets, but is not limited to the arrangement of the four sets of locking devices shown in this embodiment; the middle position of the battery bracket 1 is a quick-change connector 2 connected to the battery pack.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 6The battery box clamping and locking device assembly of an electric heavy truck shown in the figure includes a battery bracket 1, a battery box frame 4, and a plurality of locking devices 3 installed on the battery bracket 1; the locking device 3 includes a shell 31, a driving component 32, a transmission component 33, and a clamping component 34; the bottom support plate 11 has a central opening and is threadedly connected to the top surface of the shell 31, the shell 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom support plate 11, and an accommodating cavity is formed between the bottom support plate 11 and the shell 31, the transmission component 33 and the clamping component 34 are arranged in the accommodating cavity, the driving component 32 is arranged outside the accommodating cavity, and the bottom support plate 11 is welded to the battery bracket 1; the driving component 32 includes a motor 321 and a coupling 322 connecting the motor output shaft and the screw 333, and the motor 321 drives the screw 333 to rotate through the coupling 322.

[0042] The transmission component 33 includes a screw fixed end 332 threadedly connected to the motor 321, a nut block 331 parallel to the screw fixed end 332, a screw 333 installed in the center holes of the nut block 331 and the screw fixed end 332, a tapered stick bearing 334 installed on the screw 333, a pair of linear bearings 335 installed in the two side holes of the nut block 331, a pair of smooth rods 336 installed in the two side holes of the screw fixed end 332 and matched with the linear bearings 335, and a pair of fixing pins 337 fixing the smooth rods 336 and the screw fixed end 332; the pair of smooth rods 336, the linear bearings 335 and the fixing pins 337 are of the same shape and symmetrically distributed, so there is no overlap. Double-labeled; the main function of the linear bearing 335 and the smooth rod 336 is to withstand the bending moment when the device is working and protect the screw 333; the coupling 331 and the tapered stick bearing 334 are placed in the center hole of the screw fixed end 332, and the center hole of the nut block 331 is threaded to form a screw-nut pair with the screw 333. The side holes corresponding to the nut block 331 and the screw fixed end 332 are coaxial with the linear bearing 335 and the smooth rod 336, and the side holes are horizontal to the center hole; there is no relative movement between the screw fixed end 332 and the screw 333, and the rotation of the screw 333 drives the nut block 331 to move on the screw 333, and the direction of movement of the nut block 331 can be controlled by the steering of the motor 321.

[0043] The clamping member 34 comprises a clamping rod rotating shaft 343 installed in the rear end holes of the right clamping rod 341 and the left clamping rod 342, the right clamping rod 341 and the left clamping rod 342 hinged on the clamping rod rotating shaft 343, a right rotating shaft 344 connecting the front end of the right clamping rod 341 and the nut block 331, and a left rotating shaft 345 connecting the front end of the left clamping rod 342 and the fixed end 332 of the screw; the left and right clamping rods can rotate around the left and right rotating shafts at a certain angle with the fixed end of the screw and the nut block; the clamping rod can be driven by the nut block, and when the distance between the fixed end and the nut block increases, the two clamping rods open; when the distance decreases, the two clamping rods close; Figure 7As shown, the clamping rods are symmetrical in shape, the outer side 3411 of the right clamping rod and the outer side 3421 of the left clamping rod are triangular, the upper end of the middle part of the inner side is a nearly semi-cylindrical surface, the lower end 3412 of the middle part of the right clamping rod and the lower end 3422 of the middle part of the left clamping rod are nearly semi-circular table surfaces, and the other parts of the inner side are arc surfaces; A connecting plate 42 that cooperates with the locking device 3 is welded to the bottom of the battery box frame 4, and a locking pin 41 is provided at the bottom of the connecting plate 42. Figure 8 As shown, the center position of the bottom of the lock pin 41 has a cylinder at the upper end and a truncated cone at the lower end; the arc surface on the inner side of the clamp rod guides the truncated cone and cylindrical surface of the lock pin 41, and the interaction force when the clamp rod contacts the truncated cone of the lock pin 41 can make the two clamp rods move in space relative to the lock pin 41 until the truncated cone surface 3412 of the right clamp rod and the truncated cone surface 3422 of the left clamp rod fit the truncated cone surface of the lock pin 41 (as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 As shown), thereafter, the truncated surfaces of the two clamping rods move upward along the truncated surface of the locking pin 41 until the clamping rods touch the bottom support plate 11, and then the clamping rods continue to clamp the truncated surface of the locking pin 41 tightly under the drive of the nut block 331, and are in a locked state (as shown in FIG. Fig.10 , 11 After being completely locked, the locking pin 41 will move downward a short distance due to the force of the clamping rod.

[0044] like Fig.12 As shown, the outer shape of the housing 31 matches the outer contour of the clamp rod and has a guiding function, which can limit the state when the two clamp rods are opened to the maximum, realize the reset of the clamp rod, and ensure that it is fully unlocked. Fig.13 As shown, when the device is in the unlocked position, the clamp rod does not contact the circular table surface of the locking pin 41, the bottom of the clamp rod contacts the bottom surface of the housing 31, and there is a certain distance between the top surface of the clamp rod and the bottom support plate 11.

[0045] In an ideal installation state, the truncated cone of the locking pin 41 should be concentric with the center hole of the bottom support plate 11. However, due to the existence of installation errors within a certain range, the following is an explanation of some special cases (stress analysis of the clamping rod and the truncated cone of the locking pin): like Fig.14 As shown, the locking pin 41 is offset along the central axis toward the axis of the clamping rod relative to the ideal installation state. When the clamping rod is locked, it starts to close from the reset state. When the clamping rod contacts the round table surface of the locking pin 41, it will be subjected to the reaction force of the locking pin 41. The force on the right clamping rod 341 is F R1 , the force on the left clamping rod 342 is F L1 , F R1 With F L1 The direction is along the normal direction of the contact point, F R1 With F L1 The combined force causes the right clamping rod 341 and the left clamping rod 342 to move upward as a whole during the subsequent closing process, so that the round table surface inside the clamping rod adaptively fits the round table surface of the locking pin 41 (such as Fig.15 After positioning, the right clamp rod 341 and the left clamp rod 342 continue to close, and under the force component of the extrusion force, the right clamp rod circular table surface 3412 and the left clamp rod circular table surface 3422 move upward along the circular table surface of the locking pin 41 until they hit the bottom support plate 11, and then the clamp rod continues to clamp the circular table of the locking pin 41 tightly under the drive of the nut block 331 to ensure that the device is in a locked state. Fig.16 As shown, when unlocking and resetting is required, the motor 321 in the locking device drives the nut block 331 away from the screw fixing end 332, and the two clamping rods are opened. When the outer side 3411 of the right clamping rod and the outer side 3421 of the left clamping rod contact the inner side of the housing 31, the right clamping rod 341 is subjected to the force F of the housing 31. R11 , the left clamping rod 342 is subjected to the force F of the housing 31 L11 , F R11 and F L11 The movement of the clamp rod is restricted and the clamp rod is moved downward as a whole. When the clamp rod continues to open, the outer approximate triangle of the two clamp rods will fit with the inner approximate triangle of the shell, and finally fully match. The movement of the clamp rod is completely restricted and cannot continue to open. The driving component 32, the transmission component 33 and the clamping component 34 will all be reset to the initial state (such as Fig.12 as shown), waiting for the next locking of the battery box frame.

[0046] like Fig.17 As shown, the locking pin 41 is offset along the central axis away from the rotating axis of the clamping rod relative to the ideal installation state. When locking, the clamping rod starts to close from the reset state. When the clamping rod contacts the round table surface of the locking pin 41, it will be subjected to the reaction force of the locking pin 41. The force on the right clamping rod 341 is F R2 , the force on the left clamping rod 342 is F L2 , F R2 With F L2 The combined force causes the right clamping rod 341 and the left clamping rod 342 to move downward as a whole during the subsequent closing process, so that the round table surface inside the clamping rod adaptively fits the round table surface of the locking pin 41 (such as Fig.18 After positioning, the right clamp rod 341 and the left clamp rod 342 continue to close, and under the force component of the extrusion force, the right clamp rod circular table surface 3412 and the left clamp rod circular table surface 3422 move upward along the circular table surface of the locking pin 41 until they hit the bottom support plate 11, and then the clamp rod continues to clamp the circular table of the locking pin 41 tightly under the drive of the nut block to ensure that the device is in a locked state. Fig.19 As shown, when unlocking and resetting is required, the motor 321 in the locking device drives the nut block 331 away from the screw fixing end 332, and the two clamping rods are opened. When the outer side 3411 of the right clamping rod and the outer side 3421 of the left clamping rod contact the inner side of the housing 31, the right clamping rod 341 is subjected to the force F of the housing 31. R21 , the left clamping rod 342 is subjected to the force F of the housing 31 L21 , FR21 and F L21 The movement of the clamp rod is restricted. When the clamp rod continues to open, the clamp rod moves upward as a whole. Since the outer triangular shape of the two clamp rods will fit with the inner triangular shape of the housing 31, and finally fit completely, the movement of the clamp rod is completely restricted and cannot continue to open. The driving component 32, the transmission component 33 and the clamping component 34 will all be reset to the initial state (such as Fig.12 as shown), waiting for the next locking of the battery box frame.

[0047] like Fig. 20 As shown, since the device is symmetrical as a whole, taking the case where the lock pin 41 deviates a certain distance along the central axis to the right clamping rod relative to the ideal installation state as an example, when locking, the clamping rod starts to close from the reset state, and when the clamping rod contacts the round table surface of the lock pin 41, it will be subjected to the reaction force of the lock pin 41. The force on the right clamping rod 341 is F R3 , the left clamping rod 342 is not subjected to external force at this time, F R3 The direction is along the normal direction of the contact point, F R3 The two clamping rods are subjected to a torque M1 acting on the clamping rod rotating shaft 343, so that the right clamping rod 341 and the left clamping rod 342 rotate counterclockwise during the subsequent closing process, so that the circular table surface inside the clamping rods adaptively fits the circular table surface of the locking pin 41 (such as Fig.21 After positioning, the right clamp rod 341 and the left clamp rod 342 continue to close. Under the force component of the extrusion force, the right clamp rod circular table surface 3412 and the left clamp rod circular table surface 3422 move upward along the circular table surface of the lock pin 41 until they hit the bottom support plate 11. After that, the clamp rod continues to clamp the circular table of the lock pin 41 tightly under the drive of the nut block 331 to ensure that the device is in a locked state. When unlocking and resetting is required, the motor 321 in the locking device drives the nut block 331 away from the screw fixed end 332, and the two clamp rods open, as shown in FIG. Fig. 22 As shown in (a), when the outer side 3411 of the right clamp rod contacts the inner side of the housing 31, the outer side 3421 of the left clamp rod has not yet contacted the housing 31, and the right clamp rod 341 is subjected to the force F of the housing 31. R31 , F R31 Limit the rotation of the right clamp rod. When the clamp rod continues to open, Fig. 22 As shown in (b), the right clamping rod 341 is still subjected to the force F of the housing 31. R31 , the left clamping rod 342 is subjected to the force F of the housing 31 L31 , F R31 and F L31 The movement of the clamping rod is restricted. Since the outer approximate triangle of the two clamping rods will fit with the inner approximate triangle of the shell, and finally fit completely, the movement of the clamping rod is completely restricted and cannot continue to open. The driving component 32, the transmission component 33 and the clamping component 34 will all be reset to the initial state (such as Fig.12 as shown), waiting for the next locking of the battery box frame.

[0048] The installation error within the plane range of the device depends on the difference between the diameter of the center hole of the bottom support plate 11 and the bottom diameter of the locking pin 41 cone, and the height error depends on the difference between the height of the inner cone surface of the right clamping rod 341 and the left clamping rod 342 and the height of the locking pin 41 cone.

[0049] The specific working steps of the embodiment of the present invention are: When the electric heavy truck is parked at the battery replacement station, the driver presses the "unlock" button, and the motor 321 reverses to drive the lead screw 333 to rotate, and the transmission is transmitted through the lead screw nut transmission pair. The distance between the nut block 331 and the lead screw fixed end 332 increases, and the right clamp rod 341 and the left clamp rod 342 open. When the opening amplitude is large enough, it will hit the shell 31, and then the opening movement of the right clamp rod 341 and the left clamp rod 342 will be limited by the shell 31. The motor 321 will be blocked and stalled. When the motor current increases to the set threshold, the controller will automatically cut off the motor power supply and the unlocking work will stop. The current size can be used to determine whether the unlocking is in place. After the unlocking is completed, the empty battery box is replaced with a fully charged battery box under the action of the crane. Afterwards, the driver operates the "lock" button, and the motor 321 drives the lead screw 333 to rotate forward, reducing the distance between the nut block 331 and the lead screw fixed end 332, driving the right clamp rod 341 and the left clamp rod 342 to close. The interaction force when the clamp rod contacts the truncated cone of the locking pin 41 can make the right clamp rod 341 and the left clamp rod 342 move in the space relative to the locking pin 41 until the truncated cone surface of the clamp rod fits the truncated cone surface of the locking pin 41. Thereafter, the truncated cone surfaces of the right clamp rod 341 and the left clamp rod 342 are aligned along the truncated cone surface of the locking pin 41. The device moves upward until the right clamping rod 341 and the left clamping rod 342 touch the bottom support plate 11, and then the clamping rod continues to clamp the locking pin 41 truncated table tightly under the drive of the nut block 331. At this time, the movement of the device is restricted, the motor 321 will be blocked, and the current of the motor 321 will increase. When the current increases to the set threshold, the controller will automatically cut off the power supply of the motor 321, and the locking work will stop. The unlocking and locking process can be controlled by the sensor to monitor the current of the motor 321 and cut off the power supply of the motor 321 to achieve the unlocking and locking of the device. The device is provided with a self-locking pressing force by the screw 333 nut to prevent the device from loosening during driving.

[0050] The device of the present invention has a simple structure, self-locking capability, and high safety. After the locking is completed, the power supply of the drive motor 321 is turned off, which can save electric energy and ensure that the truck has a higher endurance. In addition, the advantage of this device is that it can be locked steplessly and has self-locking protection. After the locking is completed, the power can be turned off and the device remains locked; the motor 321 stall protection realizes locking and unlocking reset, which is convenient and reliable; the clamping rod can clamp a large range of sizes, and the device can adaptively clamp within a certain range. The clamping contact surface has a large fit and can adapt to larger installation errors; the structure of the device is symmetrical with the force; the clamping rod can move in the vertical direction through the friction generated by the clamping, which can adapt to the height deviation of the battery box and avoid shaking caused by gaps.

[0051] The above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery box clamping and locking device assembly for an electric heavy truck, comprising a battery bracket (1), a battery box frame (4), and a plurality of locking devices (3) mounted on the battery bracket (1), wherein the locking devices (3) cooperate with a locking pin (41) at the bottom of the battery box frame (4) to achieve locking of the battery bracket (1) and the battery box frame (4), characterized in that: The battery bracket (1) is provided with a bottom support plate (11), the locking device (3) is mounted on the bottom of the bottom support plate (11), the bottom support plate (11) is mounted on the battery bracket (1), a lock hole for a lock pin (41) to pass through is provided on the bottom support plate (11), and the locking device (3) comprises: A housing (31) is mounted on the bottom of the bottom support plate (11) and is used to accommodate a clamping component (34); A driving component (32) controls the clamping component (34) to perform locking and unlocking actions, and includes a motor (321); A transmission component (33) is used to control the clamping component (34) to perform locking and unlocking actions, and comprises a lead screw (333) driven by a motor (321), wherein a lead screw fixed end (332) and a nut block (331) are threadedly connected to the lead screw (333), and the lead screw fixed end (332) and the nut block (331) are driven to move toward each other by the rotation of the lead screw (333); The clamping component (34) is used to clamp the locking pin (41) to achieve locking of the battery box frame (4), and comprises a pair of clamping rods, one end of the two clamping rods is hinged to the screw fixing end (332) and the nut block (331) respectively, the other ends of the two clamping rods are hinged together, and a groove matching the locking pin (41) is processed between the two clamping rods.

2. The electric heavy truck battery box clamping and locking device assembly according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The locking pin (41) comprises a cylindrical section and a truncated cone section. The groove matches the locking pin (41) and comprises a cylindrical section semicircular groove and a truncated cone section semicircular groove. The height of the truncated cone section semicircular groove is less than the height of the truncated cone section of the locking pin (41), that is, the radius of the bottom end of the truncated cone section of the locking pin (41) is greater than the radius of the bottom end of the truncated cone section semicircular groove. The radius of the top circle of the truncated cone of the locking pin (41) is the same as the radius of the top end of the truncated cone section semicircular groove of the clamping rod, that is, the diameter of the cylindrical section semicircular groove is equal to the diameter of the cylindrical section of the locking pin (41). The taper of the truncated cone section of the locking pin (41) is the same as that of the truncated cone section semicircular groove of the clamping plate.

3. The battery box clamping and locking device assembly for an electric heavy truck according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: An accommodating cavity is formed between the shell (31) and the bottom support plate (11), the accommodating cavity and the clamping component (34) are arranged in a conformal manner, the inner contour size of the accommodating cavity is larger than the outer contour size of the clamping component, and the height of the accommodating cavity is larger than the height of the clamping component (34).

4. The electric heavy truck battery box clamping and locking device assembly according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The two clamping rods are symmetrically arranged, the outer side of the clamping rod is approximately triangular in shape, forming a bulge, and the inner side surface includes a plane near the two ends and an arc surface in the middle. The arc surface on the inner side of the clamping rod has a guiding effect on the cylindrical section and the conical section of the locking pin (41). The interaction force when the clamping rod contacts the conical section of the locking pin (41) can make the two clamping rods move in space relative to the locking pin (41) until the conical surface of the clamping rod fits the conical section of the locking pin (41). Thereafter, the clamping rod continues to tightly clamp the conical section of the locking pin (41) under the drive of the nut block (331), and the conical surfaces of the two clamping rods slide upward along the conical section of the locking pin (41) and are in a locked state, thereby fixing the battery box.

5. The battery box clamping and locking device assembly for an electric heavy truck according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The transmission component (33) further comprises a tapered stick bearing (334) mounted on the lead screw (333), a pair of linear bearings (335) mounted in two side holes of the nut block (331), a pair of smooth rods (336) mounted in two side holes of the lead screw fixed end (332) and cooperating with the linear bearings (335), and a pair of fixing pins (337) fixing the smooth rods (336) and the lead screw fixed end (332); a T-shaped thread is provided in the center hole of the nut block (331) to form a lead screw (333) nut pair with the lead screw (333); the lead screw fixed end (332) and the lead screw (333) do not move relative to each other, the lead screw (333) rotates to drive the nut block (331) to move on the lead screw (333), and the direction of movement of the nut block (331) can be controlled by the direction of rotation of the motor (321).

6. The battery box clamping and locking device assembly for an electric heavy truck according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The output shaft of the motor (321) is connected to the screw rod via a coupling (322), and the coupling (322) and the tapered roller bearing (334) are placed in the center hole of the screw rod fixed end (332).

7. The battery box clamping and locking device assembly for an electric heavy truck according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The clamping component (34) comprises a clamping rod rotating shaft (343) installed in the rear end holes of the left clamping rod (342) and the right clamping rod (341), a left clamping rod (342) and a right clamping rod (341) hinged on the clamping rod rotating shaft (343), and a left rotating shaft (345) and a right rotating shaft (344) connecting the front ends of the left clamping rod (342) and the right clamping rod (341) with the screw fixing end (332) and the nut block (331); the left clamping rod (342) and the right clamping rod (341) can rotate at a certain angle around the left and right rotating shafts (344) together with the screw fixing end (332) and the nut block (331); the right clamping rod (341) can be driven by the nut block (331); when the distance between the screw fixing end (332) and the nut block (331) increases, the two clamping rods open; when the distance decreases, the two clamping rods close.

8. The battery box clamping and locking device assembly for an electric heavy truck according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The two side holes of the nut block (331) and the screw fixing end (332) are parallel to the center hole and are symmetrically distributed with respect to the center hole.

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