Device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid in photo-thermal mode through solar energy

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid through photo-thermal by using solar energy, and belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination. A plurality of first openings are formed in one end face of a purified water collecting box; a partition plate is transversely arranged in the purified water collecting box, so that the space in the purified water collecting box is divided into two subspaces which are arranged up and down; a plurality of open holes corresponding to the first openings one to one are formed in the partition plate; a second opening is formed in the first end of each condenser; the second end of the condenser is inserted into the open hole; the evaporators are arranged between the condenser and the first opening and connected with the condenser, and the exposed part, at the first opening, of each evaporator is connected with a solid layer; the end, away from the solid layer, of the evaporator is connected with a photo-thermal layer. When the device works, the evaporator is arranged above the condenser, the evaporator absorbs raw material liquid, illumination is applied to a photo-thermal layer on the surface of the evaporator, and fresh water is obtained by condensing the raw material liquid serving as a cold source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination, and specifically relates to a device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy. Background Art

[0002] As we all know, fresh water is an important resource for human survival, and seawater desalination is the main means of obtaining fresh water from raw liquid (sewage, seawater). At present, the main seawater desalination technologies include reverse osmosis, membrane distillation, etc. However, due to the characteristics of these technologies such as high energy consumption and large equipment scale, their application and development are very limited. In comparison, solar seawater desalination technology can directly use sunlight to perform photothermal evaporation on the raw liquid and condense to obtain fresh water. It has the advantages of environmental protection, portability, and high efficiency, and has gradually become one of the research hotspots in the field of seawater desalination in recent years.

[0003] After continuous efforts, a large number of evaporators with excellent performance have been proposed, and the evaporation rate has been continuously improved. However, how to collect the evaporated water vapor and turn it into condensed water has become a problem that few people pay attention to. At present, the mainstream practice is to place a transparent container above the evaporator, let the steam condense on the surface of the container, slide to the bottom and collect it. This approach has obvious disadvantages: first, transparent containers usually have low thermal conductivity, and it is difficult to effectively exchange heat between steam and the atmosphere; in addition, the atmosphere as a cold source does not have a low temperature. Therefore, the temperature on the surface of the container is high, and the condensation effect of steam on the surface of the container is not good. The condensation rate cannot keep up with the evaporation rate, which will cause the humidity inside the container to increase, which will in turn inhibit the evaporation of the evaporator. At the same time, after the surface of the container is fogged, the light transmittance decreases, which will also affect the light absorption of the evaporator. Therefore, the efficiency of collecting clean water by this method is relatively low. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by using solar energy and heat, and adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat, comprising:

[0006] A clean water collection box, wherein a plurality of first openings are arranged on one end surface of the clean water collection box; a partition is arranged transversely in the clean water collection box to divide the space in the clean water collection box into two sub-spaces arranged up and down; and a plurality of openings are arranged on the partition corresponding to the first openings one by one;

[0007] A plurality of condensers, wherein the first end of the condenser is provided with a second opening; the second ends of the plurality of condensers are inserted into the plurality of openings in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0008] A plurality of evaporators, wherein the evaporators are arranged between the condenser and the first opening and connected to the condenser, and the exposed portion of the evaporators at the first opening is connected to a photothermal layer; an end of the photothermal layer away from the evaporators is connected to a solid layer; an end of the evaporator extends into the raw material liquid in the upper subspace to absorb the raw material liquid in the subspace;

[0009] The photothermal layer converts light energy into heat energy when exposed to light, and evaporates the raw liquid in the area covered by the photothermal layer on the evaporator. The solid layer allows water vapor to evaporate downward and enter the condenser. The condenser condenses the water vapor into water droplets, and the water droplets flow into the collection unit in the clean water collection box for collection. The two subspaces are filled with raw liquid to soak and cool the multiple condensers and the collection units.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of the first openings are arranged in an array on the end surface of the clean water collection box.

[0011] Furthermore, the collecting unit is arranged in a subspace at the bottom of the clean water collecting box; the collecting unit is connected to the condenser to collect condensed water in the condenser.

[0012] Furthermore, the collection unit includes a first clean water collecting pipe and a second clean water collecting pipe; the inlet of the first clean water collecting pipe is connected to the condenser; the second end of the first clean water collecting pipe is connected to the second clean water collecting pipe, and the outlet of the second clean water collecting pipe extends outside the clean water collecting box.

[0013] Furthermore, the condenser includes a plurality of metal sheets; the plurality of metal sheets are connected in sequence to form a box structure; a second opening is provided on one end surface of the condenser; the second opening is provided corresponding to the first opening; the evaporator is provided at the second opening and is connected to the condenser.

[0014] Further, the evaporator includes a water absorption plate; the water absorption plate is arranged at the second opening of the condenser and connected to the condenser; the photothermal layer is connected to an end of the water absorption plate away from the condenser; the solid layer is connected to an end of the photothermal layer away from the water absorption plate and exposed at the second opening;

[0015] Both ends of the water absorption plate absorb the raw material liquid, and the area on the water absorption plate covered by the photothermal layer is heated by the photothermal layer, and the solid layer causes the raw material liquid at this location to evaporate downward.

[0016] Furthermore, the width of the water absorption plate is wider than the width of the condenser; the length of the water absorption plate is longer than the length of the condenser, so that both ends of the water absorption plate arranged along the length direction are inserted into the raw material liquid.

[0017] Furthermore, a fluid control switch is provided at the outlet of the second clean water collecting pipe to adjust the flow rate and switch state of the condensed water in the second clean water collecting pipe.

[0018] Furthermore, a handle is provided on the outside of the clean water collection box to move the clean water collection box.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] The present invention proposes a device for efficiently obtaining clean water from raw material liquid by photothermal method using solar energy. When working, the evaporator is connected to the condenser, and the condenser and the evaporator are placed as a whole in the raw material liquid. The raw material liquid is absorbed by the evaporator, and light is applied to the surface of the evaporator. Fresh water is obtained by condensation using the raw material liquid as a cold source. The device uses downward evaporation to collect steam below the evaporator, condense the steam and collect condensed water. The condenser directly uses the raw material liquid as a cold source, which can greatly enhance the heat transfer capacity, create a low-temperature condensation surface, and greatly increase the condensation area, thereby solving the problem of low condensation rate in traditional water vapor collection methods. In addition, the downward condensation of the device can prevent water vapor from evaporating upward, reduce heat loss caused by convective heat transfer, effectively transfer the heat of the photothermal layer to the evaporation surface, prevent the raw material liquid from dripping into the condenser, and improve the quality and efficiency of obtaining clean water from the raw material liquid by photothermal method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the clean water collection box of the device for obtaining clean water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the evaporator of the device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 A bottom view of the evaporator of the device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the condenser structure of the device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Example 2;

[0028] Among them, 1. clean water collection box; 11. first opening; 12. partition; 2. evaporator; 21. water absorption plate; 22. photothermal layer; 23. solid layer; 3. condenser; 4. first clean water collection pipe; 5. second clean water collection pipe; 6. fluid control switch; 7. handle; 8. container. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] Reference Figures 1 to 6 , a device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat, comprising:

[0032] A clean water collection box 1, wherein a plurality of first openings 11 are arranged on one end surface of the clean water collection box 1; a partition 12 is arranged transversely in the clean water collection box 1 to divide the space in the clean water collection box 1 into two upper and lower sub-spaces; and a plurality of openings are arranged on the partition 12 corresponding to the first openings 11 one by one;

[0033] A plurality of condensers 3, wherein a first end of the condenser 3 is provided with a second opening; and the second ends of the plurality of condensers 3 are inserted into the plurality of openings in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0034] A plurality of evaporators 2, wherein the evaporators 2 are arranged between the condenser 3 and the first opening and connected to the condenser 3, and the exposed portion of the evaporators 2 at the first opening is connected to a photothermal layer 22; an end of the photothermal layer 22 away from the evaporators 2 is connected to a solid layer 23; an end of the evaporators 2 extends into the raw material liquid in the upper subspace to absorb the raw material liquid in the subspace;

[0035] Among them, the photothermal layer 22 converts light energy into heat energy when exposed to light, evaporates the raw liquid in the area covered by the photothermal layer 22 on the evaporator 2, and the solid layer 23 allows the water vapor to evaporate downward and enter the condenser 3. The condenser 3 condenses the water vapor into water droplets, and the water droplets flow into the collection unit in the clean water collection box 1 for collection; the two sub-spaces are filled with raw liquid to soak and cool multiple condensers 3 and collection units.

[0036] The evaporator 2 on the clean water collection box 1 is irradiated by natural sunlight or sunlight generated by a solar simulator.

[0037] Through the above technical scheme, the photothermal layer 22 in the evaporator 2 is irradiated by sunlight, so that the raw liquid in the evaporator 2 is evaporated, and at the same time, the condenser 3 condenses the evaporator 2, and the well water generated by the condensation flows from the side wall of the condenser 3 to the collecting unit at the bottom, and the condensed water in the condenser 3 is collected by the collecting unit; the space in the clean water collection box 1 is divided by the partition 12 to form two sub-spaces arranged upper and lower, and one end of the condenser 3 is inserted in the opening, so that the condenser 3 is vertically arranged in the clean water collection box 1.

[0038] In this embodiment, a plurality of openings 11 are arranged in an array on the end surface of the clean water collection box 1 .

[0039] In this embodiment, the collecting unit is disposed in a subspace at the bottom of the clean water collecting box 1 ; the collecting unit is connected to the condenser 3 to collect the condensed water in the condenser 3 .

[0040] In this embodiment, the collection unit includes a first clean water collecting pipe 4 and a second clean water collecting pipe 5; the inlet of the first clean water collecting pipe 4 is connected to the bottom of the condenser 3; the second end of the first clean water collecting pipe 4 is connected to the second clean water collecting pipe 5, and the outlet of the second clean water collecting pipe 5 extends to the outside of the clean water collecting box 1.

[0041] In this embodiment, the condenser 3 includes multiple metal sheets; the multiple metal sheets are connected in sequence to form a box structure; a second opening is provided on one end surface of the condenser 3; the second opening is provided corresponding to the first opening 11; the evaporator 2 is provided at the second opening and is connected to the condenser 3.

[0042] The metal sheet is preferably an aluminum sheet, and the condenser 3 is made of the aluminum sheet.

[0043] In this embodiment, the evaporator 2 includes a water absorption plate 21; the water absorption plate 21 is arranged at the second opening of the condenser 3 and connected to the condenser 3; the photothermal layer 22 is connected to an end of the water absorption plate 21 away from the condenser 3; the solid layer 23 is connected to an end of the photothermal layer 22 away from the water absorption plate 21 and exposed at the second opening;

[0044] The two ends of the water absorbing plate 21 absorb the raw material liquid, and the area on the water absorbing plate 21 covered by the photothermal layer 22 is heated by the photothermal layer 22 , and the solid layer 23 causes the raw material liquid at this location to evaporate downward.

[0045] Among them, the evaporator 2 is a three-layer structure consisting of a water absorption plate 21, a photothermal layer 22 and a solid layer 23. The solid layer 23 and the photothermal layer 22 are respectively arranged on both sides of the water absorption plate 21. When the evaporator 2 is connected to the condenser 3, the photothermal layer 22 is connected to the second opening in the condenser 3, and the solid layer 23 is exposed at the first opening. At this time, the solid layer 23 is above the photothermal layer 22.

[0046] Among them, the connecting part of the water absorption plate 21 and the photothermal layer 22 presents the "Janus" property, that is, one side is hydrophilic and the other side is hydrophobic. The hydrophilic side is connected to the photothermal layer 22, and the hydrophilic side will be used as an evaporation surface later to avoid salt deposition, and the hydrophobic side is connected to the condenser; the remaining parts on both sides of the water absorption plate 21 present the super-hydrophilic property of both sides, and will be used to absorb the raw material liquid to the evaporation surface later, and the evaporation surface is the connecting area between the water absorption plate 21 and the photothermal layer 22.

[0047] Among them, the evaporator 2 is a high-performance material prepared with absorbent paperboard as raw material, which can absorb the raw material liquid to the evaporation surface, separate it from the main body water, prevent heat from being lost to the main body water (in this embodiment, it refers to the raw material liquid), and can also absorb sunlight, convert sunlight into thermal energy and transfer heat to the evaporation surface. The evaporation surface is the position on the absorbent plate 21 covered by the photothermal layer 22. The absorbent plate 21 at this location generates steam and prevents sewage from dripping into the condenser 3; the absorbent plate 21 has a certain flexibility, so that the remaining parts on both sides of the length direction of the covering plate can naturally droop downward, and they both show super-hydrophilic properties on both sides, which will be used to absorb the raw material liquid to the evaporation surface later.

[0048] Among them, the solid layer 23 is a PDMS layer, and PDMS is polydimethylsiloxane. The semi-cured PDMS layer will neither penetrate into the evaporator like a fluid, nor will it not flow at all like a fully cured solid, but has lower fluidity and strong adhesion; on the one hand, the PDMS layer can reduce the convective heat transfer from the photothermal layer to the air to cause heat loss, and on the other hand, it can prevent the vapor from escaping upward, causing the water vapor to evaporate downward.

[0049] Through the above technical scheme, the photothermal layer 22 is irradiated by natural sunlight or sunlight generated by a solar simulator, and the photothermal layer 22 is used to absorb sunlight and convert it into heat; the water absorption plate 21 absorbs the raw liquid in the clean water collection box 1, and the area on the water absorption plate 21 overlapping with the photothermal layer 22 is evaporated under the action of the photothermal layer 22, and at the same time, under the action of the solid layer 23, the convective heat transfer from the photothermal layer 22 to the air to cause heat loss is reduced, and the steam is prevented from escaping upward, so that it evaporates downward.

[0050] In this embodiment, the width of the water absorption plate 21 is wider than the width of the condenser 3; the length of the water absorption plate 21 is longer than the length of the condenser 3, so that both ends of the water absorption plate 21 arranged along the length direction are inserted into the raw material liquid.

[0051] Through the above technical solution, the two ends of the water absorption plate 21 arranged along the length direction are inserted into the raw material liquid, the water absorption plate 21 absorbs the raw material liquid, and evaporates it through the evaporator 2, thereby realizing the active replenishment of the raw material liquid on the water absorption plate 21.

[0052] In this embodiment, a fluid control switch 6 is provided at the outlet of the second clean water collecting pipe 5 to adjust the flow rate and switch state of the condensed water in the second clean water collecting pipe 5 .

[0053] Among them, preferably, the fluid control switch 6 is a faucet.

[0054] In this embodiment, a handle 7 is provided on the outside of the clean water collection box 1 to move the clean water collection box 1 .

[0055] Example 2

[0056] like Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment is an improvement based on embodiment 1, and the improvement is:

[0057] The condenser 3 includes a plurality of first metal sheets, which are connected in sequence to form a box structure, and a plurality of second metal sheets are arranged inside the condenser; the plurality of second metal sheets are arranged horizontally and vertically in a cross pattern inside the condenser 3 to divide the interior of the condenser 3 into a plurality of subspaces; the evaporator 2 is arranged on the top of the condenser 3; wherein each metal sheet is folded multiple times to form a serrated edge.

[0058] The first metal sheet and the second metal sheet are preferably made of aluminum sheets.

[0059] Among them, the function of the serrated surface of the condenser is, on the one hand, to increase the heat transfer area with the cold source, and on the other hand, to facilitate the insertion of the aluminum sheet; the insertion of the aluminum sheet can increase the condensation area and greatly enhance the water production effect.

[0060] The bottom of the condenser 3 is detachably connected to a gravity plate; the condenser 3 and the gravity plate are arranged in the container 8; the gravity plate makes the condenser 3 sink to the bottom of the container 8.

[0061] Among them, the gravity plate is preferably an iron plate.

[0062] Among them, preferably, the condenser 3 and the gravity plate are connected by tape. After use, the tape is removed to separate the condenser 3 and the gravity plate. The container 8 is a square box-shaped structure. The raw material liquid is poured into the container 8, and the condenser 3 is immersed in the container 8 under the gravity of the gravity plate.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] This embodiment is a method for preparing the evaporator and the condenser in Example 2, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0065] Step 1, preparing a phytic acid solution and a ferric chloride solution; using absorbent paperboard as a raw material, cutting it into a square, soaking the square absorbent paperboard in the phytic acid solution and letting it stand for N minutes, taking it out and then soaking it in the ferric chloride solution and letting it stand for the same N minutes, and repeating this process multiple times;

[0066] Step 2: Take out the absorbent cardboard, put it into an oven to dry, and then wrap it completely with aluminum foil, leaving only one side of the middle square area exposed. Add PDMS and PDMS curing agent to the n-hexane solution in a certain mass ratio to prepare a PDMS solution. Use a spray gun to evenly spray the solution on the exposed square area, spray up and down for multiple times, and then put it into an oven to heat and cure for N hours.

[0067] Step 3: After taking out, remove the aluminum foil wrapping, and the exposed square area in the middle shows the "Janus" property, that is, one side is hydrophilic and the other side is hydrophobic. The hydrophilic side is connected to the photothermal layer, and the hydrophilic side will be used as the evaporation surface later to avoid salt deposition. The hydrophobic side is connected to the condenser, and the hydrophilic side will be used as the evaporation surface later; the remaining parts on both sides of the absorbent paperboard show the super-hydrophilic property of both sides, and will be used to absorb the raw material liquid to the evaporation surface later;

[0068] Step 4: prepare graphene oxide solution and Tric-HCl solution; mix graphene oxide solution, tannic acid, deionized water and Tric-HCl solution in a certain proportion, and then directly apply it on the hydrophilic surface of the square area exposed in the middle; after the coating is completed, place it in an oven for drying; after drying, a thin and black photothermal layer will appear on the hydrophilic surface, which will be used to absorb sunlight and convert it into heat later;

[0069] Step 5. Take PDMS and PDMS curing agent in a culture dish according to a certain mass ratio, stir evenly, put it in an oven, take it out after heating for 20 minutes, and obtain semi-cured PDMS; put the square area exposed in the middle of the absorbent cardboard with the photothermal layer facing down, fold the other parts upward, and then press this surface into the semi-cured PDMS, paying attention to squeezing out bubbles; then put it back into the oven and place it at the same temperature for one hour to continue to cure; after the curing is completed, the absorbent cardboard and PDMS are adhered together; scrape the PDMS from the culture dish, and cut off the excess PDMS above the absorbent cardboard, thereby obtaining a PDMS layer adhered to the absorbent cardboard on the other side of the photothermal layer, and the evaporator is prepared;

[0070] Step 6: Cut an aluminum sheet with a certain thickness into a square; set a plurality of creases at a certain distance in the aluminum sheet, fold the aluminum sheet into a serrated shape along the creases, and then cut a thicker aluminum sheet into a square, using it as the base, surround the serrated aluminum sheet into a square, and fix it on the aluminum sheet with AB glue; thus, a cube is made, with an open top and serrated shapes on all four sides; then, cut out 18 aluminum sheets of the same thickness and size, and insert them into the condenser horizontally and vertically along the serrated gaps;

[0071] Step 7. When working, tie an iron plate under the condenser with waterproof tape, align the evaporation surface of the evaporator with the condenser, set it on the condenser, and then put them into the raw liquid as a whole; apply light to the surface of the evaporator, and avoid light on other surfaces. After waiting for a while, fresh water can be obtained.

[0072] Example 4

[0073] The present embodiment provides a method for preparing a device for obtaining purified water from a raw material liquid by using solar energy and heat, which is an improvement based on the method for preparing an evaporator and a condenser provided in Example 3, and the improvement is that the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0074] Step 1: Prepare 0.005 molL -1 Phytic acid solution and 0.01 molL -1 Ferric chloride solution; using absorbent cardboard as raw material, cutting it into a shape of 5cm×15cm; then soaking the absorbent cardboard in phytic acid solution and letting it stand for 2 minutes, taking it out and then soaking it in ferric chloride solution and letting it stand for 2 minutes, repeating 8 times; after taking it out, washing the surface impurities with deionized water, putting it in a vacuum drying oven, setting the temperature to 60°C, and drying it under vacuum;

[0075] The purpose of repeated treatment with phytic acid solution and ferric chloride solution is to generate nanoparticles. On the one hand, it can make the absorbent paperboard more hydrophilic. On the other hand, the generation of nanoparticles can make the PDMS and the substrate more firmly bonded when PDMS is sprayed later, making its Janus performance more stable.

[0076] Step 2: Take out the absorbent cardboard and soak it in deionized water to fully absorb water; take it out after fully absorbing water, and wrap it completely with aluminum foil, leaving only one side of the middle 4.5 cm × 4.5 cm square area exposed; add PDMS and PDMS curing agent to the n-hexane solution in a mass ratio of 1:0.1:50 to prepare a PDMS solution; use a spray gun to evenly spray the solution on the exposed square area, spray up and down twice, and then put it in an oven and cure it at 60°C for 1 to 2 hours;

[0077] Among them, when spraying PDMS, the absorbent cardboard must be wetted by water, but there should be no obvious water accumulation on the surface; n-hexane and water are immiscible. Under the protection of water, PDMS will only stay on the surface when spraying and will not penetrate into the interior. Therefore, after curing, only the exposed 4.5cm×4.5cm area surface exhibits hydrophobic properties.

[0078] Step 3. After taking it out, remove the aluminum foil wrapping, and the exposed 4.5cm×4.5cm square area in the middle will show the "Janus" property, that is, one side is hydrophilic and the other side is hydrophobic. The hydrophilic side is connected to the photothermal layer, and the hydrophilic side will be used as the evaporation surface later to avoid salt deposition. The hydrophobic side is connected to the condenser, and the hydrophilic side will be used as the evaporation surface later; the remaining parts on both sides of the absorbent cardboard show super-hydrophilic properties on both sides, which will be used to absorb the raw material liquid to the evaporation surface later.

[0079] Step 4: prepare graphene oxide solution and Tric-HCl solution; mix graphene oxide solution, tannic acid, deionized water and Tric-HCl solution in a certain proportion, and then directly apply it on the hydrophilic surface of the middle 4.5 cm×4.5 cm part; after coating, place it in an oven for drying; after drying, a thin and black photothermal layer will appear on the hydrophilic surface, which will be used to absorb sunlight and convert it into heat later;

[0080] Among them, tannic acid is added to the graphene oxide solution, and its role is to utilize the adhesion of tannic acid to make the graphene oxide and the absorbent paperboard adhere more firmly, so that in the final evaporator, the heat is better transferred to the absorbent paperboard, thereby achieving more efficient use of heat.

[0081] Step 5. Take PDMS and PDMS curing agent in a culture dish at a mass ratio of 10:1, stir evenly, put it in a 60°C oven, and take it out after 20 minutes to obtain semi-cured PDMS; place the side of the 4.5cm×4.5cm area in the middle of the absorbent cardboard coated with the photothermal layer facing down, fold the other parts upward, and then press this side into the semi-cured PDMS, paying attention to squeezing out bubbles; then put it back into the 60°C oven and leave it for one hour to continue to cure; after curing, the absorbent cardboard and PDMS are adhered together; scrape the PDMS from the culture dish, and cut off the excess PDMS above the absorbent cardboard, thereby obtaining a PDMS layer adhered to the absorbent cardboard on the other side of the photothermal layer, and the evaporator is prepared;

[0082] Among them, the 20-minute semi-curing time is the key; after semi-curing, PDMS will neither penetrate into the evaporator like a fluid, nor will it not flow at all like a fully cured solid, but has lower fluidity and strong adhesion; pressing the absorbent cardboard coated with graphene oxide into it can achieve good adhesion; after squeezing out the bubbles, continue to cure, and after the curing is completed, the absorbent cardboard will be embedded in the PDMS; the purpose of preparing the PDMS layer is, on the one hand, to reduce the convective heat transfer from the photothermal layer to the air to cause heat loss, and on the other hand, to prevent the vapor from escaping upward and causing it to evaporate downward.

[0083] Step 6: Cut the aluminum sheet with a thickness of 0.1mm into a shape of 4.5cm×40cm; make a crease every 2.5mm in the aluminum sheet, fold the aluminum sheet into a serrated shape along the crease, and then cut the aluminum sheet with a thickness of 0.5mm into a shape of 5cm×5cm, using it as the base, surround the above serrated aluminum sheet into a square, and fix it on the aluminum sheet with AB glue; thus, a 4.5cm×4.5cm×4.5cm cube is made, in which the top is open and the four sides are serrated; then, cut out 18 aluminum sheets with a thickness of 0.1mm and a size of 4.5cm×4.5cm, and insert them horizontally and vertically into the condenser along the serrated gaps;

[0084] Among them, the function of the serrated surface of the condenser is, on the one hand, to increase the heat transfer area with the cold source, and on the other hand, to facilitate the insertion of the aluminum sheet; the insertion of the aluminum sheet can increase the condensation area and greatly enhance the water production effect.

[0085] Step 7. When working, tie an iron plate with waterproof tape under the condenser, align the evaporation surface of the evaporator with the condenser, set it on the condenser, and then put them into the raw material liquid as a whole; apply light to the surface of the evaporator, and avoid light on other surfaces. After waiting for a while, fresh water can be obtained;

[0086] Among them, the purpose of tying an iron plate under the condenser is to make it sink in the water; other places should be avoided from light in order to keep the cold source at a low temperature for better condensation.

[0087] Example 5

[0088] This embodiment is based on the embodiment 4, through the device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by photothermal method using solar energy, using deionized water as raw material liquid and a solar simulator as a light source, preparing purified water from raw material liquid by photothermal method using solar energy, and measuring the amount of purified water produced within 1 hour;

[0089] The specific steps are as follows:

[0090] Step 1, weigh the weight of the condenser and record it as m1;

[0091] Step 2: Place the iron plate under the condenser and tie the condenser and the iron plate together with waterproof tape to ensure that the condenser can sink in the water;

[0092] Step 3: Align the evaporation surface of the evaporator (4.5 cm x 4.5 cm) with the open mouth of the condenser and place it on top of the condenser, with the remaining parts on both sides hanging down;

[0093] Step 4: Put the evaporator and the condenser with the iron plate into a container (the container can be a fresh-keeping box, a glass box, etc., not required), add deionized water, and the water level should not exceed the height of the condenser; the hanging part of the evaporator has super hydrophilic properties, and after adding the raw material liquid, it will quickly absorb the raw material liquid to the evaporation surface;

[0094] Step 5, turn on the solar simulator, adjust the position so that the light shines on the photothermal layer of the evaporator, and avoid the rest of the part from being exposed to light, and start timing;

[0095] Step 6. After 1 hour, take out the condenser, untie the waterproof tape, and wipe off the water on the surface of the condenser. At this time, weigh the weight of the condenser and record it as m2; m1-m2 is the water production m, and then calculate the water production rate per unit area according to the following formula:

[0096]

[0097] Wherein, t is the water production time, in this embodiment, t is 1 hour; A is the water production area, in this embodiment, A = 4.5 cm × 4.5 cm = 20.25 cm 2 .

[0098] The measurement results are: condensation rate is 1.007kgm -2 h -1 , which demonstrates the excellent water production rate and stable performance of the condensing device.

[0099] Example 6

[0100] This embodiment is based on the embodiment 4, and uses a device for obtaining purified water from a raw material liquid by photothermal using solar energy. Deionized water is used as the raw material liquid, and a solar simulator is used as the light source. The preparation of purified water obtained from the raw material liquid by photothermal using solar energy is carried out. The amount of purified water produced is measured for 3 consecutive hours, and the measurement is repeated 3 times every 1 hour to take the average value.

[0101] The specific steps are as follows:

[0102] Step 1, weigh the weight of the condenser and record it as m1;

[0103] Step 2: Place the iron plate under the condenser and tie the condenser and the iron plate together with waterproof tape to ensure that the condenser can sink in the water;

[0104] Step 3: Align the evaporation surface of the evaporator (4.5 cm x 4.5 cm) with the open mouth of the condenser and place it on top of the condenser, with the remaining parts on both sides hanging down;

[0105] Step 4: Put the evaporator and the condenser with the iron plate into a container (the container can be a fresh-keeping box or a glass box, no requirement), add deionized water, and the water level should not exceed the height of the condenser; the hanging part of the evaporator has super hydrophilic properties, and after adding the raw material liquid, it will quickly absorb the raw material liquid to the evaporation surface;

[0106] Step 5, turn on the solar simulator, adjust the position so that the light shines on the photothermal layer of the evaporator, and avoid the rest of the part from being exposed to light, and start timing;

[0107] Step 6. After 1 hour, take out the condenser, untie the waterproof tape, and wipe off the water on the surface of the condenser. At this time, weigh the weight of the condenser and record it as m2; m1-m2 is the water production m, and then calculate the water production rate per unit area according to the following formula:

[0108]

[0109] Wherein, t is the water production time, in this embodiment, t is 1 hour; A is the water production area, in this embodiment, A = 4.5 cm × 4.5 cm = 20.25 cm 2 .

[0110] Step 7. Assemble the water production device in the same way and put it back into the container. After one hour, measure the water production rate according to the above formula and continue to produce water under light. After another hour, measure the water production rate in the same way and put it back. Take it out after one hour and measure the water production rate again.

[0111] The results are as follows: the average water production rates in the first, second and third hours are 0.9489 kg / m -2 h -1 , 0.8126kgm - 2 h -1 、0.7696kgm -2 h -1 .

[0112] It can be seen that due to the loss of water vapor during the weighing process and the decrease in thermal conductivity caused by the accumulation of water in the condenser, the water production rate in the second and third hours decreased slightly, but the water production rate was still quite high, which indicates the long-term stability of the water production device.

[0113] Example 7

[0114] This embodiment is based on the embodiment 3, and uses a device for obtaining purified water from a raw material liquid by photothermal using solar energy, uses artificial simulated seawater as the raw material liquid, and uses a solar simulator as the light source to prepare purified water from a raw material liquid by photothermal using solar energy, and measures the amount of purified water produced for 3 consecutive hours, wherein the amount of purified water produced is measured once every 1 hour;

[0115] The specific steps are as follows:

[0116] Step 1, weigh the weight of the condenser and record it as m1;

[0117] Step 2: Place the iron plate under the condenser and tie the condenser and the iron plate together with waterproof tape to ensure that the condenser can sink in the water;

[0118] Step 3: Align the evaporation surface of the evaporator (4.5 cm x 4.5 cm) with the open mouth of the condenser and place it on top of the condenser, with the remaining parts on both sides hanging down;

[0119] Step 4: Put the evaporator and the condenser with the iron plate into a container (the container can be a fresh-keeping box, a glass box, etc., not required), add artificial simulated seawater, and the water level should not exceed the height of the condenser; the hanging part of the evaporator has super hydrophilic properties, and after adding the raw material liquid, it will quickly absorb the raw material liquid to the evaporation surface;

[0120] Step 5: Turn on the solar simulator and adjust the position so that the light shines on the photothermal layer of the evaporator. Avoid the rest of the area from being exposed to light and start timing;

[0121] Step 6. After 1 hour, take out the condenser, untie the waterproof tape, and wipe off the water on the surface of the condenser. At this time, weigh the weight of the condenser and record it as m2; m1-m2 is the water production m. Then calculate the water production rate per unit area according to the following formula:

[0122]

[0123] Wherein, t is the water production time, in this embodiment, t is 1 hour; A is the water production area, in this embodiment, A = 4.5 cm × 4.5 cm = 20.25 cm 2 .

[0124] Step 7. Assemble the water production device in the same way and put it back into the container. After one hour, measure the water production rate according to the above formula and continue to produce water under light. After another hour, measure the water production rate in the same way. Put it back again, take it out after one hour, and measure the water production rate again.

[0125] The results are as follows: the average water production rates in the first, second and third hours are 0.8674 kg / m -2 h -1 、0.7724kgm- 2 h -1 、0.7109kgm -2 h -1 .

[0126] Due to the loss of water vapor during the weighing process and the decrease in thermal conductivity caused by the accumulation of water in the condenser, the water production rate in the second and third hours decreased slightly, but the water production rate was still quite high, which showed that the water production device had certain salt resistance and stability.

[0127] The present invention proposes a preparation method for obtaining clean water from a raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and photothermal energy. The method can realize the efficient acquisition of fresh water from the raw material liquid by utilizing sunlight. It has been verified that the rate of producing clean water by the device can reach 0.95kg m-2h-1, and the device has good stability and can be reused.

[0128] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any slight modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by using solar energy, characterized in that: include: A clean water collection box, wherein a plurality of first openings are provided on one end surface of the clean water collection box; A partition is disposed transversely in the clean water collection box to divide the space in the clean water collection box into two sub-spaces disposed vertically; a plurality of openings are disposed on the partition corresponding to the first openings one by one; A plurality of condensers, wherein a first end of the condenser is provided with a second opening; and a second end of the condenser is inserted into the opening; A plurality of evaporators, wherein the evaporators are arranged between the condenser and the first opening and connected to the condenser, and the exposed portion of the evaporators at the first opening is connected to a photothermal layer; an end of the photothermal layer away from the evaporators is connected to a solid layer; an end of the evaporator extends into the raw material liquid in the upper subspace to absorb the raw material liquid in the subspace; The photothermal layer converts light energy into heat energy when exposed to light, and evaporates the raw liquid in the area covered by the photothermal layer on the evaporator. The solid layer allows water vapor to evaporate downward and enter the condenser. The condenser condenses the water vapor into water droplets, and the water droplets flow into the collection unit in the clean water collection box for collection. The two subspaces are filled with raw liquid to soak and cool the multiple condensers and the collection units.

2. The device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the first openings are arranged in an array on the end surface of the clean water collection box.

3. The device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collecting unit is arranged in the subspace at the bottom of the clean water collecting box; the collecting unit is connected to the condenser to collect the condensed water in the condenser.

4. The device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat according to claim 3, characterized in that: The collection unit includes a first clean water collecting pipe and a second clean water collecting pipe; the inlet of the first clean water collecting pipe is connected to the condenser; the second end of the first clean water collecting pipe is connected to the second clean water collecting pipe, and the outlet of the second clean water collecting pipe extends outside the clean water collecting box.

5. The device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat according to claim 4, characterized in that: The condenser comprises a plurality of metal sheets; the plurality of metal sheets are sequentially connected to form a box structure; A second opening is arranged on one end surface of the condenser; the second opening is arranged corresponding to the first opening; the evaporator is arranged at the second opening and connected to the condenser.

6. The device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat according to claim 5, characterized in that: The evaporator comprises a water absorption plate; the water absorption plate is arranged at the second opening of the condenser and connected to the condenser; the photothermal layer is connected to an end of the water absorption plate away from the condenser; the solid layer is connected to an end of the photothermal layer away from the water absorption plate and exposed at the second opening; Both ends of the water absorption plate absorb the raw material liquid, and the area on the water absorption plate covered by the photothermal layer is heated by the photothermal layer, and the solid layer causes the raw material liquid at this location to evaporate downward.

7. The device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat according to claim 6, characterized in that: The width of the water absorption plate is wider than the width of the condenser; the length of the water absorption plate is longer than the length of the condenser, so that both ends of the water absorption plate arranged along the length direction are inserted into the raw material liquid.

8. The device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat according to claim 6, characterized in that: A fluid control switch is provided at the outlet of the second clean water collecting pipe to adjust the flow rate and switch state of the condensed water in the second clean water collecting pipe.

9. The device for obtaining purified water from raw material liquid by utilizing solar energy and heat according to claim 1, characterized in that: A handle is provided on the outside of the clean water collection box to move the clean water collection box.

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