Gabion check dam, system and method for treating small erosion gully in sand land

Abstract

The invention provides a gabion check dam, system and method for governing a small erosion gully in sand land, and relates to the technical field of erosion gully governing, the gabion check dam comprises a dam body, the dam body comprises gabions piled up, and each gabion comprises a metal mesh cage body and construction waste filled in the metal mesh cage body; the transverse joints of the upper and lower adjacent gabions are fixedly connected through transverse steel bars, the longitudinal joints of the left and right adjacent gabions are fixedly connected through longitudinal steel bars, and the bottom ends of the longitudinal steel bars are inserted into the ditch bottom of the erosion ditch; the transverse reinforcing steel bars are fixedly connected with the longitudinal reinforcing steel bars; by arranging the transverse reinforcing steel bars and the longitudinal reinforcing steel bars, the situation that the gabion shifts under the action of large scouring force, and consequently the dam body inclines is avoided; and the gabion adopts the construction waste as a filler, so that the dependence on natural resources is reduced, and the problem of absorption and disposal of the construction waste is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of erosion gully management, and in particular to a gabion gully house, system and method for managing small erosion gullies in sandy land. Background Art

[0002] Gullies are landforms formed by intermittent surface torrents, usually on slopes with abundant rainfall and insufficient surface vegetation. In eastern my country, gullies are mostly long and narrow, with well-developed main channels and many branches. They are mainly small and medium-sized gullies with a length of 200 to 2,500 meters, with an average vertical drop ratio of 9.68%. The formation of gullies not only leads to severe soil loss, but also destroys farmland and degrades land as the gullies continue to develop and expand, ultimately affecting agricultural production and the stability of the ecological environment.

[0003] At present, gully fences are the most important measure for gully erosion control. Gully fences can prevent the gully head from advancing, the gully bottom from cutting down, and the gully bank from expanding, thereby controlling the development of gullies. However, hard gully fences require a large amount of work, are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the stone materials are often subject to regional restrictions. In addition, the construction sites are scattered, resulting in low construction efficiency. Although soil gully fences and plant gully fences have low costs, they have poor anti-erosion capabilities, and some regions also have limited access to materials. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a method for the control of small and medium-sized gullies in sandy land that is easy to construct, has a stable structure, and is economical to invest. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a gabion valley, system and method for controlling small erosion gullies in sandy land, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art. By arranging transverse and longitudinal steel bars, the gabions can be prevented from shifting under the action of large scouring forces, thereby preventing the dam body from tilting. Moreover, the gabions use construction waste as filler, which not only reduces dependence on natural resources, but also solves the problem of disposal of construction waste.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] A gabion ravine for treating small erosion gullies in sandy land comprises a dam body, wherein the dam body comprises stacked gabions, wherein the gabions comprise a metal mesh cage body and construction waste filled in the metal mesh cage body; the transverse joints of the upper and lower adjacent gabions are fixedly connected by transverse steel bars, and the longitudinal joints of the left and right adjacent gabions are fixedly connected by longitudinal steel bars, and the bottom ends of the longitudinal steel bars are inserted into the bottom of the erosion gullies; the transverse steel bars and the longitudinal steel bars are fixedly connected.

[0007] As an implementation method, the longitudinal steel bar is inserted into the bottom of the erosion ditch to a depth of not less than 1 m.

[0008] As an implementation manner, the bottom end of the dam body is embedded in the bottom of the erosion ditch, and the two ends of the side portion of the dam body are embedded in the slope surface of the erosion ditch.

[0009] As an embodiment, the upstream side and the downstream side of the dam body are both in a stepped shape.

[0010] As an implementation mode, a spillway is provided in the middle of the top of the dam body.

[0011] The present invention also provides a system for controlling small erosion gullies in sandy land, comprising the gabion gully as described above, wherein the upstream side and the downstream side of the bottom end of the dam body are respectively connected to an upstream guardrail and a downstream guardrail, and the upstream guardrail and the downstream guardrail are both embedded in the bottom of the erosion gully.

[0012] As an implementation manner, along the direction from upstream to downstream, the size of the upstream guard tank is not less than 1 m, and the size of the downstream guard tank is not less than 5 m.

[0013] As one embodiment, a plant belt is further provided downstream of the downstream guard tank.

[0014] As one embodiment, the woody plants planted in the plant belt include elm trees.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for controlling small erosion gullies in sandy land, comprising the following steps:

[0016] 1) Excavate the bottom and slope of the erosion ditch. After excavation, lay gabions at the bottom of the erosion ditch to form an upstream protection tank;

[0017] 2) From upstream to downstream, stack the gabions in sequence. Before stacking each row of gabions, insert multiple longitudinal steel bars from the bottom of the erosion ditch according to the stacking height of the gabions in this row. The longitudinal steel bars are located at the joints of the gabions adjacent to each other in the same row. The gabions are fixedly connected with the longitudinal steel bars during the stacking process. In each row of gabions, the upper and lower adjacent gabions are fixedly connected with transverse steel bars to form a dam body, and both ends of the dam body are embedded in the slope of the erosion ditch.

[0018] 3) After the dam body is built, gabions are laid at the bottom of the erosion ditch to form a downstream protection tank;

[0019] 4) Plant trees downstream of the downstream protection tank to form a plant belt.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0021] The water permeability of the gabions in the present invention can intercept the silt in the water, consolidate and raise the ditch bed. At the same time, the present invention connects each row of gabions into a whole by setting transverse steel bars and longitudinal steel bars, so as to avoid the displacement of the gabions under the action of large scouring force, which causes the dam body to tilt; and after the longitudinal steel bars are inserted into the bottom of the ditch, each row of gabions can be supported, further improving the load-bearing capacity of the dam body and ensuring the stability and durability of the dam body. In addition, the gabions in the present invention use construction waste instead of traditional stone as filler. On the one hand, there is sufficient construction waste, and sometimes it is dumped near the erosion ditch, which is convenient for local materials, promotes the resource utilization of construction waste, reduces dependence on natural resources, and solves the problem of disposal of construction waste on the other hand.

[0022] Other technical solutions of the present invention also have the following technical effects:

[0023] The present invention combines gabions with plant belts, intercepts silt in the water flow through gabions, and uses plant belts to intercept small silt particles for the second time, which is easier to promote silt deposition, raise the erosion base level, prevent the ditch bed from cutting down, and support the soil on both sides of the ditch to prevent the ditch slope from sliding and collapsing. At the same time, the green plant roots in the plant belt can anchor the ditch soil, significantly enhance the soil and water conservation capacity of the ditch, and on the other hand, increase the roughness of the water flow, weaken the hydrodynamics, slow down the scouring intensity of the water flow on the downstream of the gabion ditch, and reduce the possibility of water damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0025] Figure 1 A front view of a gabion valley building in one embodiment;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Side view of

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A top view of

[0028] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a system structure for treating small erosion gullies in sandy land according to an implementation method;

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A top view of

[0030] Description of reference numerals:

[0031] 1. Dam body; 2. Spillway; 3. Upstream protection tank; 4. Downstream protection tank; 5. Plant belt; 6. Horizontal steel bars; 7. Longitudinal steel bars. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a gabion valley, system and method for controlling small erosion gullies in sandy land, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art. By arranging transverse and longitudinal steel bars, the gabions can be prevented from shifting under the action of large scouring forces, thereby preventing the dam body from tilting. Moreover, the gabions use construction waste as filler, which not only reduces dependence on natural resources, but also solves the problem of disposal of construction waste.

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] Embodiment 1:

[0036] like Figure 1 to Figure 3As shown, this embodiment provides a gabion ravine for treating small erosion gullies in sandy land, including a dam body 1, which is formed by stacking a plurality of gabions. The gabion includes a metal mesh cage body and construction waste filled inside the metal mesh cage body. The metal mesh cage body can be a wire mesh cage woven from galvanized steel wire. The galvanized steel wire is woven into a double-twisted hexagonal mesh by a warp knitting machine. The gabion after filling should be full of filling, square in shape, and firmly tied. The dam body 1 is divided into several layers from top to bottom and several rows from upstream to downstream. In adjacent layers of the same row, the transverse joints of the upper and lower adjacent gabions are fixedly connected by transverse steel bars 6; in the same row, the longitudinal joints of the left and right adjacent gabions are fixedly connected by longitudinal steel bars 7, and the bottom end of the longitudinal steel bars 7 is inserted into the bottom of the erosion gully. The transverse steel bars 6 and the longitudinal steel bars 7 are fixedly connected; the fixed connection method can be selected by binding or welding. The specific model of the transverse steel bars 6 and the longitudinal steel bars 7 can be HRB335 steel bars with a diameter of 12 mm. If the scouring force of the upstream water is large, the transverse reinforcement 6 and the longitudinal reinforcement 7 can be distributed at the joints of all adjacent gabions. If the scouring force of the upstream water is small, the number of the transverse reinforcement 6 and the longitudinal reinforcement 7 can be appropriately reduced, for example, the transverse reinforcement 6 and the longitudinal reinforcement 7 are arranged at intervals of one transverse joint or one longitudinal joint. As for the specific arrangement method of the transverse reinforcement 6 and the longitudinal reinforcement 7, it is described in detail in Example 3, and will not be repeated here for the time being.

[0037] The water permeability of the gabions in this embodiment can intercept the silt in the water, consolidate and raise the ditch bed. At the same time, this embodiment connects each row of gabions into a whole by setting transverse steel bars 6 and longitudinal steel bars 7, so as to prevent the gabions from shifting under the action of a large scouring force, causing the dam body 1 to tilt; and after the longitudinal steel bars 7 are inserted into the bottom of the ditch, they can support each row of gabions, further improve the load-bearing capacity of the dam body 1, and ensure that the dam body 1 is stable and durable. In addition, the gabions in this embodiment use construction waste instead of traditional stone as filler. On the one hand, there is sufficient construction waste, and sometimes it is dumped near the erosion ditch, which is convenient for local materials, promotes the resource utilization of construction waste, and reduces dependence on natural resources. On the other hand, it solves the problem of disposal of construction waste.

[0038] As an implementation method, the longitudinal steel bars 7 are inserted into the bottom of the erosion ditch to a depth of not less than 1 m to ensure the supporting strength of each row of gabions.

[0039] As one implementation mode, the bottom end of the dam body 1 is embedded in the bottom of the erosion gully, and the two ends of the side of the dam body 1 are embedded in the slope of the erosion gully, so as to further improve the anti-scouring ability of the dam body 1.

[0040] As an embodiment, the upstream side and the downstream side of the dam body 1 are both in a stepped shape, and the stepped shape can be symmetrical about the center plane in the span direction of the dam body 1. The top of the dam body 1 usually has 1 to 2 rows of gabions.

[0041] In this embodiment, a spillway 2 is provided at the middle of the top of the dam body 1. The spillway 2 is used to increase the outflow speed of the upper clear liquid to avoid excessive water pressure on the upstream side of the dam body 1, which affects the service life of the dam body 1. The middle and bottom parts of the dam body 1 can intercept the silt in the water.

[0042] Embodiment 2:

[0043] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a system for treating small erosion gullies in sandy land, including the gabion gully in embodiment 1, and the upstream side and downstream side of the bottom end of the dam body 1 are respectively connected to the upstream guard tank 3 and the downstream guard tank 4, and the upstream guard tank 3 and the downstream guard tank 4 are both embedded in the bottom of the erosion gully. Usually, the bottom of the erosion gully is a structure that is inclined downward from upstream to downstream, but the dam body 1 is vertical or nearly vertical to the horizontal plane. The upstream guard tank 3 can be buried to a certain depth in the bottom of the gully, and the downstream guard tank 4 can have the same slope as the slope.

[0044] As an implementation method, the thickness of the upstream guard 3 and the downstream guard 4 should be no less than 0.5m. In the direction from upstream to downstream, the length of the upstream guard 3 should be no less than 1.0m, and the length of the downstream guard 4 should be no less than 5m. Both ends of the upstream guard 3 and the downstream guard 4 are embedded in the ditch slope, and the embedded length should be no less than 1.0m. The upstream guard 3 and the downstream guard 4 play a role in protecting the ditch bottom from water scouring.

[0045] As an embodiment, a plant belt 5 is further provided downstream of the downstream protection tank 4. The vegetation planted in the plant belt 5 is elm, alfalfa and tall fescue. Elm is an arbor and is a building population of the sand ecosystem. Alfalfa and tall fescue are perennial herbaceous plants, which can improve the ecological landscape function in combination with elm.

[0046] The trees are planted parallel to the trenches. The hole diameter is 0.3m, the hole depth is 0.3m, and the spacing between rows is 3.0×3.0m. Herbs can be sown in the areas between the trees.

[0047] In this embodiment, the plant belt 5 adopts the form of a combination of trees and herbaceous plants, which can significantly enhance the soil and water conservation capacity of the erosion ditch. Specifically, the use of the canopy stems and leaves of the above-ground part of the vegetation can reduce rain splash erosion, and the use of the growth and development of the underground root system of the plant can enhance the anti-erosion ability of the soil at the bottom of the ditch. Moreover, the root system of herbaceous plants is fine and well-developed, with shallow distribution, high density, and strong tillering ability. The lateral roots and fine roots are in contact with a large area of ​​the shallow soil at the bottom of the ditch. In the early stage of recovery, they play a role in reinforcing and stabilizing the shallow soil at the bottom of the ditch. Elm trees are mainly taproots, and their roots are mainly concentrated in the soil layer with a depth of 100 cm. As the years increase, they can grow to more than 3m, which plays a role in anchoring and binding the deep soil, thereby effectively improving the overall stability of the soil at the bottom of the ditch.

[0048] Embodiment 3:

[0049] This embodiment provides a method for controlling small erosion gullies in sandy land, comprising the following steps:

[0050] Preparatory work: determine the location and parameters of the gabion enclosure.

[0051] First, measure the catchment area, length, width, depth, gradient, soil, etc. of the erosion gully to understand the preliminary condition of the erosion gully.

[0052] Secondly, the layout of the gabion valley arches follows the principle of "top and bottom facing each other", and the top of the next gabion valley arch is roughly the same height as the base of the previous gabion valley arch.

[0053] Then, choose the location of the gabion dam. The selection of the gabion dam site follows the principle of "small mouth and big belly", that is, the span of the location is small, and the span downstream of the location is significantly larger, so that the gabion dam has a smaller engineering volume but a larger storage capacity. At the same time, the terrain and geology (soil quality) of the ditch bottom and bank slope at the location are in good condition, without holes or broken strata, without rocks and debris that are difficult to remove, and it is convenient to obtain building materials.

[0054] The span of the gabion can be obtained based on its location.

[0055] The horizontal distance L of the gabion valley is calculated according to the following formula:

[0056]

[0057] Wherein, L is the distance between adjacent gabions, in m; H is the height from the bottom of the gabion to the bottom of spillway 2, in m; i is the original ditch bed gradient, in %; i' is the gradient after the gabion is filled, in %.

[0058] The height of the gabion dam body 1 is 2.0-3.0m, the top width of the dam body 1 is 1.0-1.5m, the gabion dam body 1 is stepped, the slope ratio of the water-facing surface and the back surface is 1:1, and the gabion dam is provided with a spillway 2 on the top of the dam, and the spillway 2 is calculated according to the following formula:

[0059] Q=Mbh 3 / 2

[0060] Where Q is the design peak flow, in m 3 / s; b is the bottom width of spillway 2, in m; h is the water depth of spillway 2, in m; M is the flow coefficient, which is generally 1.55.

[0061] Start construction:

[0062] 1) Excavation is performed at the bottom and slope of the erosion ditch. After excavation, gabions are laid at the bottom of the erosion ditch to form an upstream protection tank 3.

[0063] 2) From upstream to downstream, stack the gabions in sequence. Before stacking each row of gabions, insert multiple longitudinal steel bars 7 from the bottom of the erosion ditch according to the stacking height of the gabions in this row. The longitudinal steel bars 7 are located at the joints of the gabions adjacent to each other in the same row. The gabions are fixedly connected with the longitudinal steel bars 7 during the stacking process. In each row of gabions, the gabions adjacent to each other are fixedly connected with the transverse steel bars 6. The gabions can be connected with the transverse steel bars 6 and the longitudinal steel bars 7 by bundling with a metal wire of the same material as the metal mesh cage body. When a row of gabions is stacked, the longitudinal steel bars 7 are inserted into the downstream side. The height of the longitudinal steel bars 7 is the same as the height of the row of gabions to be stacked. In order to improve the strength of the dam body 1, after the longitudinal steel bars 7 are inserted, they can be fixedly connected with the gabions in the previous row. Then stack the gabions, and the stacked gabions are also connected with the longitudinal steel bars 7. Repeat this process to finally form the dam body 1. The two ends of the dam body 1 are embedded in the slope of the erosion ditch.

[0064] 3) After the dam body 1 is built, gabions are laid at the bottom of the erosion ditch to form a downstream protection dam 4.

[0065] 4) Plant trees downstream of the downstream protection tank 4 to form a plant belt 5.

[0066] Adaptive changes made according to actual needs are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0067] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A gabion ravine for treating small erosion gullies in sandy land, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dam body, wherein the dam body comprises stacked gabions, wherein the gabions comprise a metal mesh cage body and construction waste filled inside the metal mesh cage body; the transverse joints of the upper and lower adjacent gabions are fixedly connected by transverse steel bars, and the longitudinal joints of the left and right adjacent gabions are fixedly connected by longitudinal steel bars, and the bottom ends of the longitudinal steel bars are inserted into the bottom of the erosion ditch; and the transverse steel bars and the longitudinal steel bars are fixedly connected.

2. The gabion ravine for treating small erosion gullies in sandy land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal steel bars are inserted into the bottom of the erosion ditch to a depth of not less than 1 m.

3. The gabion ravine for treating small erosion gullies in sandy land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the dam body is embedded in the bottom of the erosion ditch, and the two ends of the side portion of the dam body are embedded in the slope surface of the erosion ditch.

4. The gabion ravine for treating small erosion gullies in sandy land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upstream side and the downstream side of the dam body are both in stepped shape.

5. The gabion ravine for treating small erosion gullies in sandy land according to claim 4, characterized in that: A spillway is arranged at the middle part of the top of the dam body.

6. A system for treating small erosion gullies in sandy land, characterized in that: It comprises the gabion valley arch as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the upstream side and the downstream side of the bottom end of the dam body are respectively connected with an upstream guardrail and a downstream guardrail, and the upstream guardrail and the downstream guardrail are both embedded in the bottom of the erosion gully.

7. The gabion ravine for treating small erosion gullies in sandy land according to claim 6, characterized in that: Along the direction from upstream to downstream, the size of the upstream guardrail is not less than 1m, and the size of the downstream guardrail is not less than 5m.

8. The gabion ravine for treating small erosion gullies in sandy land according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plant belt is also provided downstream of the downstream guardrail.

9. The gabion ravine for treating small erosion gullies in sandy land according to claim 8, characterized in that: The woody plants planted in the vegetation belt include elm trees.

10. A method for treating small erosion gullies in sandy land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Excavate the bottom and slope of the erosion ditch. After excavation, lay gabions at the bottom of the erosion ditch to form an upstream protection tank; 2) From upstream to downstream, stack the gabions in sequence. Before stacking each row of gabions, insert multiple longitudinal steel bars from the bottom of the erosion ditch according to the stacking height of the gabions in this row. The longitudinal steel bars are located at the joints of the gabions adjacent to each other in the same row. The gabions are fixedly connected with the longitudinal steel bars during the stacking process. In each row of gabions, the upper and lower adjacent gabions are fixedly connected with transverse steel bars to form a dam body, and both ends of the dam body are embedded in the slope of the erosion ditch. 3) After the dam body is built, gabions are laid at the bottom of the erosion ditch to form a downstream protection tank; 4) Plant trees downstream of the downstream protection tank to form a plant belt.

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