Mining method of high-grade tin residual ore

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and discloses a mining method of high-grade tin residual ore, which comprises the following steps: 1) exploring and dividing mining levels, 2) tunneling an annular outside-vein roadway in each layer to control a residual ore body, and 3) filling a goaf after a mining area is finished to ensure the safety of subsequent mining. According to the method, the recovery efficiency can be improved, the labor intensity can be reduced, the damage to the ecological environment can be reduced to the greatest extent, the effect is quick after filling, and the strength can reach 140-160kg / cm < 2 >.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to a method for mining high-grade tin residual ore. Background Art

[0002] my country is rich in tin ore, with a mining volume of about 5.304 million tons, of which 3.052 million tons are mined underground and 2.252 million tons are mined open-pit, of which nearly half (1.036 million tons) are sand ore. my country's vein tin pit mining mainly adopts the ore retention method, grid filling method, segmented open-pit method, pillarless segmented caving method, deep hole segmented blasting well excavation method, pipe seam anchor support technology, etc.

[0003] Guangxi is one of the main tin ore producing areas in my country. The western ore belt in the Dachang tin polymetallic mineralization belt in Nandan, Guangxi, covers an area of ​​2.1981 square kilometers. The mineral resources in the mining area are extremely rich, with a total proven resource reserve of more than 20 million tons of ore. The main ore body mined is a rare and extremely rich ore body in the world, with many associated mineral species and high grade. However, due to the disorderly development in the early period and backward mining conditions, a large number of high-grade tin residual ores have appeared. How to mine them effectively and safely has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for mining high-grade tin residual ore to solve the problem of low efficiency in existing mining methods.

[0005] The scheme of the present invention is:

[0006] A method for mining high-grade tin residual ore comprises the following steps:

[0007] 1) Exploration is divided into mining levels, and the entire range of the tin residual mine is evaluated in layers. After the evaluation, it is divided into direct operation mining, support operation mining, enhanced support mining and dangerous stop mining areas according to the risk level; the evaluation includes the geological structure of the tin residual mine, groundwater conditions, rock formation stability and rock mass quality of the mining area;

[0008] 2) In each layer, excavate the outer lane of the circular vein to control the residual ore body, excavate the ore and waste rock transfer chute connection and transfer chute, set up supporting safety measures for the mining sites in the layers, and carry out pre-support, support and padding of the mining points according to the risk level, and then carry out mining;

[0009] 3) After the mining area is completed, the empty area is filled with the filling materials composed of tailings, fly ash, cement, and reinforcing agent. The filling slurry concentration is ≥ 65%, and the filling material addition ratio is 5-6: 0.5: 0.5-1: 0.01-0.05 to ensure the safety of subsequent mining.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, rock formation stability includes the strength, hardness, elasticity and plasticity of the rock formation, and the groundwater condition includes whether groundwater exists, the water level, pressure and water quality of the groundwater; thereby analyzing the stress changes, deformation and failure modes of the rock formation during the mining process.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, a monitoring device is installed at the mining point during the mining process, and the monitoring device includes a displacement meter, a stress meter and a strain meter.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the pre-support is concrete support; the support is anchor support.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the 2) mining is carried out from bottom to top layer by layer using corresponding mining methods according to the mining site conditions. The mining methods include fully controlled ore body mining, multiple access routes to control ore body mining, and upper and lower space controlled ore body mining.

[0014] Completely controlled ore body recovery is to dig through the veins and rock tunnels at both ends of the vertical ore body, and after they are connected in opposite directions, the ore is recovered by retreating;

[0015] Multiple access routes control ore body recovery. If it is impossible to dig through the vein and drill the rock at both ends of the vertical ore body, multiple mining access routes are used to control the ore body and then recover the ore in a backward manner.

[0016] The upper and lower space controlled ore body mining is used when method one and method two are unable to recover the subsidence residual ore to the maximum extent. In this way, the next horizontal layer of the target mining area is adopted, and the mining access road and rock drilling road are excavated into the bottom of the mining area to form a free compensation space. The ore is then blasted from the upper horizontal layer to the lower horizontal layer, and the ore is mined from the next horizontal layer.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the raising is to use excavation waste to fill the top and bottom plates of the mining point to a height of 3 to 4 meters, and then compact the waste.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, the reinforcing agent is sodium sulfate and glycerol, and the mass ratio thereof is 1: 1. Tailings, fly ash, and cement are used as filling materials in goafs. During use, sodium sulfate and glycerol in the reinforcing agent act as water reducing agents, which can improve the strength of cement-based filling materials.

[0019] Advantages of the present invention:

[0020] The present invention is beneficial to improving the recovery efficiency and reducing the labor intensity, and can minimize the damage to the ecological environment. The filling is effective quickly, and the strength can reach 140-160kg / cm 2 .

[0021] The recovery methods are more diverse and more applicable, and the effect is very significant. The recovery rate of tin residual ore is increased and effectively improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] The following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention in detail, but do not constitute any limitation to the present invention; the materials used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, were purchased from conventional chemical reagent companies and raw material suppliers.

[0024] Embodiment 1:

[0025] A method for mining high-grade tin residual ore comprises the following steps:

[0026] 1) Exploration is divided into mining levels, and the entire range of the tin residual mine is evaluated in layers. After the evaluation, it is divided into direct operation mining, support operation mining, enhanced support mining and dangerous stop mining areas according to the risk level; the evaluation includes the geological structure of the tin residual mine, groundwater conditions, rock formation stability and rock mass quality of the mining area;

[0027] 2) In each layer, excavate the outer lane of the circular vein to control the residual ore body, excavate the ore and waste rock transfer chute connection and transfer chute, set up supporting safety measures for the mining sites in the layers, and carry out pre-support, support and padding of the mining points according to the risk level, and then carry out mining;

[0028] 3) After the mining area is completed, the empty area is filled. The filling material is composed of tailings, fly ash, cement, and reinforcing agent. The filling slurry concentration is ≥65%, and the filling material addition ratio is 5:0.5:0.5:0.01 to ensure the safety of subsequent mining. The solidification time is 30 days, and the strength can reach 142kg / cm 2 .

[0029] The stability of rock formations includes the strength, hardness, elasticity and plasticity of the rock formations. The groundwater conditions include whether there is groundwater, the water level, pressure and water quality of the groundwater. This allows the stress changes, deformation and failure modes of the rock formations during the mining process to be analyzed.

[0030] During the mining process, a monitoring device is installed at the mining point, and the monitoring device includes a displacement meter, a stress meter and a strain meter.

[0031] The pre-support is concrete support; the support is anchor support.

[0032] The 2) mining is carried out layer by layer from bottom to top using a corresponding recovery method according to the mining site conditions, and the recovery method includes fully controlling the recovery of the ore body.

[0033] Completely controlled ore body recovery is to dig through the veins and rock tunnels at both ends of the vertical ore body, and after they are connected in opposite directions, the ore is recovered by retreating;

[0034] The raising is to use excavation waste to fill the top and bottom plates of the mining point to a height of 3 to 4 meters, and then compact the waste.

[0035] The enhancer is sodium sulfate and glycerol, and the mass ratio thereof is 1:1.

[0036] Embodiment 2:

[0037] A method for mining high-grade tin residual ore comprises the following steps:

[0038] 1) Exploration is divided into mining levels, and the entire range of the tin residual mine is evaluated in layers. After the evaluation, it is divided into direct operation mining, support operation mining, enhanced support mining and dangerous stop mining areas according to the risk level; the evaluation includes the geological structure of the tin residual mine, groundwater conditions, rock formation stability and rock mass quality of the mining area;

[0039] 2) In each layer, excavate the outer lane of the circular vein to control the residual ore body, excavate the ore and waste rock transfer chute connection and transfer chute, set up supporting safety measures for the mining sites in the layers, and carry out pre-support, support and padding of the mining points according to the risk level, and then carry out mining;

[0040] 3) After the mining area is completed, the empty area is filled. The filling material is composed of tailings, fly ash, cement, and reinforcing agent. The filling slurry concentration is ≥65%, and the filling material addition ratio is 6:0.5:1:0.05 to ensure the safety of subsequent mining. The solidification time is 28 days, and the strength can reach 149kg / cm 2 .

[0041] The stability of rock formations includes the strength, hardness, elasticity and plasticity of the rock formations. The groundwater conditions include whether there is groundwater, the water level, pressure and water quality of the groundwater. This allows the stress changes, deformation and failure modes of the rock formations during the mining process to be analyzed.

[0042] During the mining process, a monitoring device is installed at the mining point, and the monitoring device includes a displacement meter, a stress meter and a strain meter.

[0043] The pre-support is concrete support; the support is anchor support.

[0044] The 2) mining is carried out layer by layer from bottom to top using a corresponding recovery method according to the mining site conditions, and the recovery method is to control the recovery of the ore body by multiple access routes.

[0045] Multiple access routes control ore body recovery. If it is impossible to dig through the vein and drill the rock at both ends of the vertical ore body, multiple mining access routes are used to control the ore body and then recover the ore in a backward manner.

[0046] As a preferred technical solution, the raising is to use excavation waste to fill the top and bottom plates of the mining point to a height of 3 to 4 meters, and then compact the waste.

[0047] The enhancer is sodium sulfate and glycerol, and the mass ratio thereof is 1:1.

[0048] Embodiment 3:

[0049] A method for mining high-grade tin residual ore comprises the following steps:

[0050] 1) Exploration is divided into mining levels, and the entire range of the tin residual mine is evaluated in layers. After the evaluation, it is divided into direct operation mining, support operation mining, enhanced support mining and dangerous stop mining areas according to the risk level; the evaluation includes the geological structure of the tin residual mine, groundwater conditions, rock formation stability and rock mass quality of the mining area;

[0051] 2) In each layer, excavate the outer lane of the circular vein to control the residual ore body, excavate the ore and waste rock transfer chute connection and transfer chute, set up supporting safety measures for the mining sites in the layers, and carry out pre-support, support and padding of the mining points according to the risk level, and then carry out mining;

[0052] 3) After the mining area is completed, the empty area is filled. The filling material is composed of tailings, fly ash, cement, and reinforcing agent. The filling slurry concentration is ≥65%, and the filling material addition ratio is 6:0.5:0.8:0.02 to ensure the safety of subsequent mining. The solidification time is 26 days, and the strength can reach 160kg / cm 2 .

[0053] The stability of rock formations includes the strength, hardness, elasticity and plasticity of the rock formations. The groundwater conditions include whether there is groundwater, the water level, pressure and water quality of the groundwater. This allows the stress changes, deformation and failure modes of the rock formations during the mining process to be analyzed.

[0054] During the mining process, a monitoring device is installed at the mining point, and the monitoring device includes a displacement meter, a stress meter and a strain meter.

[0055] The pre-support is concrete support; the support is anchor support.

[0056] The 2) mining is carried out by using a corresponding recovery method according to the mining site conditions to recover layer by layer from bottom to top, and the recovery method is to control the recovery of the ore body in upper and lower spaces.

[0057] The upper and lower space controlled ore body mining is used when method one and method two are unable to recover the subsidence residual ore to the maximum extent. In this way, the next horizontal layer of the target mining area is adopted, and the mining access road and rock drilling road are excavated into the bottom of the mining area to form a free compensation space. The ore is then blasted from the upper horizontal layer to the lower horizontal layer, and the ore is mined from the next horizontal layer.

[0058] The raising is to use excavation waste to fill the top and bottom plates of the mining point to a height of 3 to 4 meters, and then compact the waste.

[0059] The enhancer is sodium sulfate and glycerol, and the mass ratio thereof is 1:1.

[0060] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for mining high-grade tin residual ore, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Exploration is divided into mining levels, and the entire range of the tin residual mine is evaluated in layers. After the evaluation, it is divided into direct operation mining, support operation mining, enhanced support mining and dangerous stop mining areas according to the risk level; the evaluation includes the geological structure of the tin residual mine, groundwater conditions, rock formation stability and rock mass quality of the mining area; 2) In each layer, excavate the outer lane of the circular vein to control the residual ore body, excavate the ore and waste rock transfer chute connection and transfer chute, set up supporting safety measures for the mining sites in the layers, and carry out pre-support, support and padding of the mining points according to the risk level, and then carry out mining; 3) After the mining area is completed, the empty area is filled with the filling materials composed of tailings, fly ash, cement, and reinforcing agent. The filling slurry concentration is ≥ 65%, and the filling material addition ratio is 5-6: 0.5: 0.5-1: 0.01-0.05 to ensure the safety of subsequent mining.

2. The method for mining high-grade tin residual ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stability of rock formations includes the strength, hardness, elasticity and plasticity of the rock formations. The groundwater conditions include whether there is groundwater, the water level, pressure and water quality of the groundwater. This allows the stress changes, deformation and failure modes of the rock formations during the mining process to be analyzed.

3. The method for mining high-grade tin residual ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the mining process, a monitoring device is installed at the mining point, and the monitoring device includes a displacement meter, a stress meter and a strain meter.

4. The method for mining high-grade tin residual ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-support is concrete support; the support is anchor support.

5. The method for mining high-grade tin residual ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The 2) mining is carried out from bottom to top layer by layer using corresponding mining methods according to the mining site conditions. The mining methods include fully controlled ore body mining, multiple access controlled ore body mining, and upper and lower space controlled ore body mining.

6. The method for mining high-grade tin residual ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raising is to use excavation waste to fill the top and bottom plates of the mining point to a height of 3 to 4 meters, and then compact the waste.

7. The method for mining high-grade tin residual ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enhancer is sodium sulfate and glycerol, and the mass ratio thereof is 1:1.