A cutterhead for a full-section shaft boring machine

Abstract

The present invention provides a full-section shaft boring machine cutterhead, which is used to solve the problem in the prior art that when the full-section shaft boring machine cutterhead is excavated in steps, the wear degree of the cutters at each position is different, resulting in different replacement timings, thereby slowing down the progress of the project. In order to achieve the above purpose and other related purposes, the present invention provides a full-section shaft boring machine cutterhead, the cutterhead includes a cutterhead body, a plurality of brackets and a plurality of tool box fixing units, the cutterhead body is arranged to rotate, the plurality of brackets are all fixed on the cutterhead body and the angle between the brackets and the cutterhead body is an acute angle, and the plurality of tool box fixing units include tool box alternating subunits that can exchange the positions of tool box units, thereby obtaining a cutterhead that can ensure that the tool boxes in several areas have the same time for inner circle excavation during step-by-step excavation, thereby solving the problem in the prior art that when the full-section shaft boring machine cutterhead is excavated in steps, the wear degree of the cutters at each position is different, resulting in different replacement timings, thereby slowing down the progress of the project.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of vertical shaft full-section tunneling machines, and in particular relates to a cutter head of a vertical shaft full-section tunneling machine. Background Art

[0002] Vertical shafts are important engineering structures for humans to develop underground space and resources, and one of the most widely used mechanical well construction methods at home and abroad is the use of vertical shaft drilling rigs.

[0003] As a type of shaft drilling rig, the full-section tunnel boring machine uses a full-section cutter head to excavate the shaft from top to bottom. The excavated rock debris is continuously lifted vertically from underground and discharged to the ground. During construction, there is no need to excavate slag holes and underground slag discharge channels. It has good adaptability to construction conditions, high construction efficiency, and low safety risks. It can also simultaneously implement shaft wall support, excavation guidance and other operations. It is a commonly used shaft drilling rig.

[0004] Patent CN110748346B discloses a "full-section large-diameter shaft boring machine and its excavation device", which specifically discloses a cutterhead. The cutterhead is provided with a driving component so that only the tools on the center ring cutterhead or the tools on the cutterhead are in contact with the excavation surface, thereby enabling step-by-step excavation. However, this also causes the degree of wear of the tools on the center ring cutterhead to be much greater than that of the tools on the outer ring cutterhead and the middle ring cutterhead. Once the cutterhead at any position is excessively worn, the machine needs to be stopped for replacement. However, due to the different degrees of wear in the three areas, the replacement timing is also different, which greatly slows down the progress of the project. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, an object of the present invention is to provide a full-section shaft boring machine cutter head, which is used to solve the problem in the prior art that when the full-section shaft boring machine cutter head is excavated in steps, the degree of wear of the cutters at different positions is different, resulting in different replacement timings, thereby slowing down the progress of the project.

[0006] The present invention provides a cutterhead of a full-section vertical shaft boring machine, characterized in that the cutterhead comprises:

[0007] A cutter disc body, wherein the cutter disc body is arranged to rotate on its own;

[0008] A plurality of brackets, wherein the brackets are arranged in a circular array on the cutter disc body along the axis of the cutter disc body, and the angle between any of the brackets and the cutter disc body is an acute angle;

[0009] A plurality of knife box fixing units are slidably mounted on the bracket, any of the knife box fixing units comprises a knife box position alternating sub-unit and at least two knife box units, the sliding direction of any of the knife box units is parallel to the length direction of the bracket, the knife box unit located at the lowest horizontal point of the bracket is the first knife box unit, and the knife box unit located at the highest horizontal point of the bracket is the second knife box unit, the knife box position alternating sub-unit removes the first knife box unit located at the lowest point and places the first knife box unit at the highest horizontal point of the bracket, and the remaining knife box units slide down one by one along the length direction of the bracket.

[0010] As an optional solution, any of the tool box units includes a tool box body, a sliding power assembly, a tool holder and a tool;

[0011] The knife box body is slidably mounted on the bracket, the sliding direction of the knife box body along the bracket is parallel to the guide direction of the bracket, the outer side wall of the knife box body is open, a sliding groove is formed in the knife box body, and the sliding groove is perpendicular to the outer side wall of the knife box body;

[0012] The tool support is slidably mounted in the sliding groove, and a plurality of tools are rotatably mounted on the tool support;

[0013] The fixed end of the sliding power assembly is fixedly installed in the tool box body, the sliding end of the sliding power assembly is fixedly connected to the tool bracket, and the sliding power assembly provides power for the sliding of the tool bracket;

[0014] When the sliding end of the sliding power component is extended and retracted to drive the tool holder to move and the displacement is the smallest, the tool is completely located in the tool box body. When the sliding end of the sliding power component is extended and retracted to drive the tool holder to move and the displacement is the largest, the tool extends from the outer wall opening of the tool box body.

[0015] As an optional solution, the sliding power assembly is a hydraulic cylinder;

[0016] The fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed in the tool box body, the sliding end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the tool support, and the forward direction of the hydraulic cylinder is parallel to the guiding direction of the sliding groove.

[0017] As an optional solution, the bracket is two "L"-shaped sliding support plates;

[0018] The two "L"-shaped sliding support plates are symmetrical with respect to the knife box body, one end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the knife disc body, and the other end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate is fixedly connected to the center of the knife disc body. The horizontal height of the bracket at one end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate connected to the center of the knife disc body is lower than the horizontal height of the bracket at one end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate connected to the outer edge of the knife disc body;

[0019] The knife box body is located between two "L"-shaped sliding support plates, the left part of the outer wall of the knife box body is in contact with the upper end surface of the left "L"-shaped sliding support plate cross plate, and the right part of the outer wall of the knife box body is in contact with the upper end surface of the right "L"-shaped sliding support plate cross plate. Under the action of gravity, the knife box body slides down along the guide direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate.

[0020] As an optional solution, the knife box fixing unit includes three knife box bodies;

[0021] The upper end surface of the transverse plate of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate is stepped along its length direction, and the upper end surface of the transverse plate of the stepped "L"-shaped sliding support plate includes a first step surface and a second step surface, the knife box body of the first knife box unit is the first knife box body, the knife box body of the second knife box unit is the second knife box body, the knife box unit between the first knife box unit and the second knife box unit is the third knife box unit, and the knife box body of the third knife box unit is the third knife box body, the first step surface is close to the center position of the knife disc body, the second step is close to the outer edge of the knife disc body, the first knife box body and the third knife box body are both located on the first step surface, and the second knife box body is located on the second step surface.

[0022] As an optional solution, the knife box position alternating subunit includes a vertical power assembly for driving the first knife box body to move in a direction perpendicular to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, and the vertical power assembly includes a first telescopic power source, a first plug-in block, and a second plug-in block;

[0023] The first plug-in block is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the first telescopic power source, and a first plug-in slot is formed on a side of the first plug-in block close to the second tool box body, and a length direction of the first plug-in slot is parallel to a length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate;

[0024] The knife box body is fixedly connected with a second plug-in block, and when the first knife box body slides along the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, the second plug-in block is plugged into the first plug-in slot;

[0025] The fixed end of the first telescopic power source is fixedly connected to the cutter head body, and the telescopic direction of the first telescopic power source is perpendicular to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate.

[0026] As an optional solution, the knife box position alternating subunit further includes a horizontal power assembly for driving the first knife box body to move in a direction parallel to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, and the horizontal power assembly includes a second telescopic power source, a first plug-in board, a second plug-in board and a connecting rod;

[0027] The first plug-in board and the second plug-in board are both fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second telescopic end, and a connecting rod is fixedly arranged between the first plug-in board and the second plug-in board;

[0028] The two side walls of the knife box body that are opposite to each other and located in the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate are respectively provided with a second plugging slot and a third plugging slot, the length direction of the second plugging slot and the length direction of the third plugging slot are both perpendicular to the outer side wall of the knife box body, the distance between the second plugging slot and the center position of the knife disc body is greater than the distance between the third plugging slot and the center position of the knife disc body, the second plugging slot is located below the first plugging plate, and the third plugging slot is located below the second plugging plate;

[0029] The fixed end of the second telescopic power source is fixedly connected to the cutter head body, and the telescopic direction of the second telescopic power source is parallel to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate;

[0030] The telescopic end of the first telescopic power source drives the first tool box to move in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, the first plug-in board is inserted into the second plug-in slot, and the second plug-in board is inserted into the third plug-in slot.

[0031] As an optional solution, a blocking block is provided at one end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate close to the outer edge of the cutter disc body;

[0032] The blocking block is located on the sliding track when the second knife box body slides toward the knife disc body on the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, and the blocking block prevents the knife box body from sliding out of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate along the "L"-shaped sliding support plate.

[0033] As an optional solution, a guide rod is provided on the cutter body, the axis of the guide rod is parallel to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, and the guide rod passes through the first plug-in plate and the second plug-in plate;

[0034] The first plug-in board slides along the guide rod to the upper part of the second knife box body, and the first plug-in board is located between the first plug-in slot and the second plug-in slot of the second knife box body; the second plug-in board slides along the guide rod to the upper part of the third knife box body, and the second plug-in board is located between the first plug-in slot and the second plug-in slot of the third knife box body;

[0035] When the first plug-in board and the second plug-in board are both located above the first knife box body, the distance between the first plug-in board and the first knife box body and the distance between the second plug-in board and the first knife box body are both a, and the height difference between the second knife box body and the third knife box body is b, a=b.

[0036] As an optional solution, both the first telescopic power source and the second telescopic power source are first hydraulic cylinders.

[0037] As described above, the cutter head of a full-section shaft boring machine of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0038] 1. The present application is provided with a tool box fixing unit including a tool box position alternating sub-unit and at least two tool box units, wherein the tool box unit can slide along a circular array in the guide direction of the bracket of the cutter disc body, and the tool box position alternating sub-unit can move the tool box unit located at the lowest point of the bracket from the lowest point of the bracket to the highest point of the bracket, and in this process, the remaining tool box units can slide down along the guide direction of the bracket under the action of gravity, so that when the cutter disc uses the excavation method of step-by-step excavation, the position of the tools in each area can be replaced to make their wear degrees consistent, thereby solving the problem in the prior art that when the full-section tunnel boring machine cutter disc is excavated in steps, the wear degrees of the tools in each position are different, resulting in different replacement timings, thereby slowing down the progress of the project.

[0039] 2. The present application configures the bracket as two "L"-shaped sliding support plates on both sides of the knife box body. While realizing the function of the bracket, the knife box body can slide down the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates under the action of gravity, thereby avoiding the setting of too many power mechanisms under complex working conditions.

[0040] 3. In the present application, by setting the upper end surface of the horizontal plate of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate to a stepped shape, when the first knife box body is pushed upward by the horizontal power assembly, the second knife box body and the third knife box body located therebelow will not hinder the first knife box body from sliding downward due to the huge friction force, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the knife disc.

[0041] 4. The present application limits the length and position of the first plug-in plate and the second plug-in plate so that the first plug-in plate and the second plug-in plate can be displaced between the first plug-in slot and the second plug-in slot of the second tool box body to limit the upward movement of the second tool box body caused by excavation operations, and the second plug-in plate can be displaced between the first plug-in slot and the second plug-in slot of the third tool box body to limit the upward movement of the third tool box body caused by excavation operations, thereby solving the problem that the tool box body will move upward during excavation operations because the cutter disc is slidably placed on an "L"-shaped sliding support plate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 Shown is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 Shown is a cross-sectional view of the present invention at the center of the cutter head body;

[0044] Figure 3 The present invention is shown in Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the middle A;

[0045] Figure 4 Shown is an "L" shaped sliding support plate of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 Shown is a parts display diagram of the knife box body of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 Shown is a parts display diagram of the tool box bracket of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 Shown is a parts display diagram of a first telescopic power source of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 Shown is a parts display diagram of a second telescopic power source of the present invention;

[0050] Fig. 9 Shown is a diagram demonstrating the working steps of the knife box alternating unit of the present invention.

[0051] In the figure:

[0052] 11. Cutter body; 12. Bracket;

[0053] 21. Tool box body; 22. Second plug-in slot; 23. Third plug-in slot; 24. Second plug-in block; 25. Tool holder; 26. Tool; 27. Sliding block; 28. Sliding block; 29. ​​Hydraulic cylinder; 30. Mounting rod;

[0054] 31. "L"-shaped sliding support plate; 32. First knife box body; 33. Third knife box body; 34. Second knife box body; 35. First step surface; 36. Second step surface;

[0055] 41. First telescopic power source; 42. First plug-in block; 43. First plug-in slot;

[0056] 51. Second telescopic power source; 52. First plug-in board; 53. Second plug-in board; 54. Guide rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by means of specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0058] See also Figures 1 to 9 . It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention, so they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0059] The following embodiments are only for illustration purposes and can be combined with each other, and are not limited to the contents presented in the following single embodiments.

[0060] See also Figures 1 to 9 The present invention provides a full-section shaft boring machine cutter head, characterized in that the cutter head comprises:

[0061] The cutter body 11 is arranged to rotate on its own. The cutter body 11 is also provided with a plurality of wear-resistant plates at the outer edge and the forward position to ensure the normal excavation of the cutter body 11;

[0062] A plurality of brackets 12, wherein the brackets 12 are arranged in a circular array on the cutter disc body 11 along the axis of the cutter disc body 11, wherein the angle between any of the brackets 12 and the cutter disc body 11 is an acute angle, and the shape of the cross section of the brackets 12 and the cutter disc body 11 at the axis position is a cone;

[0063] A plurality of knife box fixing units, wherein the knife box fixing units are slidably mounted on the bracket 12, wherein any of the knife box fixing units comprises a knife box position alternating subunit and at least two knife box units, wherein the sliding direction of any of the knife box units is parallel to the length direction of the bracket 12, the knife box unit located at the lowest point of the horizontal height of the bracket 12 is the first knife box unit, and the knife box unit located at the highest point of the horizontal height of the bracket 12 is the second knife box unit, wherein the knife box position alternating subunit removes the first knife box unit located at the lowest point and places the first knife box unit at the highest point of the horizontal height of the bracket 12, and the remaining knife box units slide down in sequence along the length direction of the bracket 12;

[0064] The knife box units at both ends of the bracket 12 are in contact with the knife disc body 11. The knife box units at both ends of the bracket 12 are naturally locked on the bracket 12 because there is no displacement space.

[0065] A plurality of said tool box units are arranged at various positions of the support 12 according to the requirements of the excavation work;

[0066] When the cutter disc body 11 is rotating to perform excavation operations, the bracket 12 rotates with the cutter disc body 11 with its center point as the center of the circle, thereby driving the tool fixing unit installed on the bracket 12 to rotate and excavate together. When the excavation reaches a certain extent and the position of the tool fixing subunit needs to be replaced, the cutter disc body 11 stops rotating, the tool box alternating subunit starts and moves the first tool box unit away, and the remaining tool box units then naturally slide down along the length direction of the bracket 12. Since the structures and sizes of the several tool box units are exactly the same, when the tool box unit staying on the bracket 12 slides to the maximum position, the second tool box unit that was originally at the highest horizontal point of the bracket 12 has already slid down to make way for the position. The tool box position alternating subunit can now move the first tool box unit to the original position of the second tool box unit to complete the replacement, thereby solving the problem in the prior art that when the full-section tunneling machine cutter disc is excavating in steps, the wear degree of the tools 26 at each position is different, resulting in different replacement timings.

[0067] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 9 Any of the tool box units includes a tool box body 21, a sliding power assembly, a tool support 25 and a tool 26;

[0068] The knife box body 21 is slidably mounted on the bracket 12, the sliding direction of the knife box body 21 along the bracket 12 is parallel to the guide direction of the bracket 12, the outer side wall of the knife box body 21 is open, and a sliding groove is formed in the knife box body 21, and the sliding groove is perpendicular to the outer side wall of the knife box body 21;

[0069] The tool holder 25 is slidably installed in the sliding groove, and a plurality of tools 26 are rotatably installed on the tool holder 25. The upper half of the tool holder 25 is a sliding block 27. The outer wall of the sliding block 27 is attached to the inner wall of the tool box body 21 and extends a sliding block 28 at the position of the sliding groove. The sliding block 27 is installed in the sliding groove through the sliding block 28. The lower half of the tool holder 25 is a mounting rod 30 with an upper rod and a lower annular mounting piece. The number of mounting rods 30 in the tool holder 25 corresponds to the number of the plurality of tools 26. The upper part of the mounting rod 30 is fixedly connected to the sliding block 27 of the tool holder 25. The tool 26 is rotatably installed in the annular mounting piece. The tool holder 25 attached to the inner wall of the tool box body 21 can prevent the crushed stones cut during the excavation process from passing through the inside of the tool box body 21 and the tool holder 25 and jamming the working parts of the cutter disc body 11.

[0070] The cutter 26 is a central double roller cutter commonly found in the field of shaft boring machines;

[0071] The fixed end of the sliding power assembly is fixedly installed in the tool box body 21, the sliding end of the sliding power assembly is fixedly connected to the tool bracket 25, the connecting part between the sliding end of the sliding power assembly and the tool bracket 25 is the sliding block 27 of the tool bracket 25, and the sliding power assembly provides power for the sliding of the tool bracket 25;

[0072] When the sliding end of the sliding power assembly is extended and drives the tool holder 25 to move and the displacement is the smallest, the tool 26 is completely located in the tool box body 21; when the sliding end of the sliding power assembly is extended and drives the tool holder 25 to move and the displacement is the largest, the tool 26 extends from the opening of the bottom wall of the tool box body 21;

[0073] When the tool 26 in the tool box body 21 is needed to cut rock, the sliding end of the sliding power assembly drives the tool holder 25 to move downward along the sliding groove direction, and the tool box body 21 does not move. During the displacement of the tool holder 25, the tool 26 located at its lower end extends out from the opening of the bottom wall of the tool box body 21 and contacts the rock in the cutting area, and the cutter disc body 11 drives the tool box body 21 to rotate around the center of the cutter disc body 11 to perform cutting action. The sliding power of the tool holders 25 in several tool box bodies 21 is provided by their respective sliding power assemblies, and whether the tools 26 of several tool box bodies 21 cut the rock surface can be controlled separately. The setting of the tool box body 21 realizes step-by-step excavation.

[0074] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 9 , the sliding power assembly is a hydraulic cylinder 29;

[0075] The fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder 29 is fixed in the tool box body 21, and the sliding end of the hydraulic cylinder 29 is fixedly connected to the tool holder 25. The forward direction of the hydraulic cylinder 29 is parallel to the guiding direction of the sliding groove. The hydraulic cylinder 29 can not only make the tool holder 25 slide, but also limit the tool holder 25.

[0076] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 9 , the bracket 12 is two “L” shaped sliding support plates 31;

[0077] The two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 31 are symmetrical with respect to the tool box body 21, one end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the cutter disc body 11, and the other end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 is fixedly connected to the center of the cutter disc body 11, and the horizontal height of the end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 connected to the center of the cutter disc body 11 at the bracket 12 is lower than the horizontal height of the end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 connected to the outer edge of the cutter disc body 11 at the bracket 12;

[0078] The "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 includes a horizontal plate and a vertical plate;

[0079] The knife box body 21 is located between the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 31, the left part of the outer wall of the knife box body 21 is in contact with the upper end surface of the horizontal plate of the left "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31, and the right part of the outer wall of the knife box body 21 is in contact with the upper end surface of the horizontal plate of the right "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31. The knife box body 21 slides down along the guide direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 under the action of gravity, and the height of the vertical plate of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 is lower than the height of the knife box body 21;

[0080] When the knife box body 21 is between the two “L” shaped sliding support plates 31, one end of the first knife box body 32 is located at the end position of the two “L” shaped sliding support plates 31, the end positions of the two “L” shaped sliding support plates 31 are in contact with the center position of the knife disc body 11, and the two “L” shaped sliding support plates 31 can limit the first knife box body 32 at this position, and one end of the second knife box body 34 is located at the other end position of the two “L” shaped sliding support plates 31, the ends of the two “L” shaped sliding support plates 31 are in contact with the outer edge position of the knife disc body 11, and the two “L” shaped sliding support plates 31 can limit the second knife box body 34 at this position, and the position of the knife box body 21 between the two “L” shaped sliding support plates 31 will not change when the knife box position alternation subunit is not working;

[0081] The tool 26 in the tool box body 21 is extended out from the opening of the bottom wall of the tool box body 21 under the drive of the sliding power assembly, and the space between the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 31 is large enough to ensure that the tool 26 will not collide with the "L"-shaped sliding support plates 31 when extended;

[0082] When the positions of several knife box bodies 21 need to be replaced, the knife box alternating subunit removes the first knife box body 32. At this time, the knife box body 21 between the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 31 is no longer self-locking and slides down along the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31. After the slide is completed, the original position of the second knife box body 34 is vacated, and the first knife box body 32 is moved to this position by the knife alternating subunit. The two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 31 ensure the normal sliding of several knife box bodies 21 after the first knife box body 32 is removed.

[0083] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 9 , the knife box fixing unit includes three knife box bodies 21;

[0084] The upper end surface of the transverse plate of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 is stepped along its length direction, and the upper end surface of the transverse plate of the stepped "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 includes a first step surface 35 and a second step surface 36. The knife box body 21 of the first knife box unit is a first knife box body 32, and the knife box body 21 of the second knife box unit is a second knife box body 34. The knife box unit between the first knife box unit and the second knife box unit is a third knife box unit, and the knife box body 21 of the third knife box unit is a third knife box body 33. The first step surface 35 is close to the center position of the knife disc body 11, and the second step surface 36 is close to the outer edge of the knife disc body 11. The first knife box body 32 and the third knife box body 33 are both located on the first step surface 35, and the second knife box body 34 is located on the second step surface 36.

[0085] The first knife box body 32 and the third knife box body 33 are located adjacent to each other and their adjacent end faces are fitted together. The step surface where the first knife box body 32 and the third knife box body 33 are located has a certain height difference with the step surface where the second knife box body 34 is located. This height difference can prevent the third knife box body 33 from following the first knife box body 32 to move to the highest position of the horizontal plane of the bracket 12 where the second knife box body 34 is located. The length of the second step surface 36 is slightly smaller than the first step surface 35. The first step surface 35 is to ensure that the second knife box body 34 located on the second step surface 36 can slide correctly. To the first step surface 35, the length of the first step is slightly longer than the length of the two tool box bodies 21 in this direction, and the length difference between the second step surface 36 and the first step surface 35 is the length of the first step surface 35 exceeding the length of the two tool box bodies 21. Therefore, a part of the second tool box body 34 will slide out of the second step surface 36 and fit into one end of the third tool box body 33, so that each tool box body 21 can complete self-locking on the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31, thereby avoiding the first tool box body 32 from falling to the original position of the second tool box body 34 when the position of several tool box bodies 21 is replaced.

[0086] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 9 The knife box position alternating subunit includes a vertical power assembly for driving the first knife box body 32 to move in a direction perpendicular to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31, and the vertical power assembly includes a first telescopic power source 41, a first plug-in block 42 and a second plug-in block 24;

[0087] The first plug-in block 42 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the first telescopic power source 41, and a first plug-in slot 43 is formed on one side of the first plug-in block 42 close to the second knife box body 34, and the length direction of the first plug-in slot 43 is parallel to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31;

[0088] The knife box body 21 is fixedly connected with a second plug-in block 24. When the first knife box body 32 slides along the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31, the second plug-in block 24 is plugged into the first plug-in slot 43.

[0089] The fixed end of the first telescopic power source 41 is fixedly connected to the cutter head body 11, and the telescopic direction of the first telescopic power source 41 is perpendicular to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31;

[0090] When the number of the first telescopic power sources 41 is even, the first telescopic power sources 41 are evenly distributed at both ends of the first knife box body 32, and the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 31 are each provided with a sliding avoidance groove, the sliding avoidance groove runs through the inner and outer end surfaces of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31, the trajectory of the sliding avoidance groove is the same as the sliding trajectory of the second plug-in block 24 when sliding on the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 31, and the sliding avoidance groove can avoid the sliding of the second plug-in block 24;

[0091] When the number of the first telescopic power source 41 is one, the first telescopic power source 41 is located at one end of the first knife box body 32 close to the knife disc body 11, and the telescopic power of the first telescopic power source 41 can ensure that the first knife box body 32 slides up smoothly. At this time, one end of the first knife box body 32 is attached to the third knife box body 33, and the end of the third knife box body 33 attached to the first knife box body 32 serves as a sliding track for the first knife box body 32;

[0092] When the first knife box body 32 needs to move in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31, the telescopic end of the first telescopic power source 41 drives the corresponding knife box body 21 to move through the second plug-in block 24 inserted into the first plug-in slot 43 of the first plug-in block 42, and the telescopic end of the first telescopic power source 41 drives the first knife box body 32 to move a distance equal to the height of the first knife box body 32.

[0093] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 9 The knife box position alternating subunit further includes a horizontal power assembly for driving the first knife box body 32 to move in a direction parallel to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31, and the horizontal power assembly includes a second telescopic power source 51, a first plug-in board 52, a second plug-in board 53 and a connecting rod;

[0094] The first plug-in board 52 and the second plug-in board 53 are both fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second telescopic power source 51, and a connecting rod is fixedly arranged between the first plug-in board 52 and the second plug-in board 53. The distance between the first plug-in board 52 and the second plug-in board 53 is equal to the side length of the tool box body 21 in the length direction on the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31, and the distance between the first plug-in board 52 and the center position of the cutter disc body 11 is greater than the distance between the second plug-in board 53 and the center position of the cutter disc body 11;

[0095] The two side walls of the knife box body 21 facing each other and located in the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 are respectively provided with a second plugging slot 22 and a third plugging slot 23, the length direction of the second plugging slot 22 and the length direction of the third plugging slot 23 are both perpendicular to the bottom wall of the knife box body 21, the distance between the second plugging slot 22 and the center position of the knife disc body 11 is greater than the distance between the third plugging slot 23 and the center position of the knife disc body 11, the second plugging slot 22 is located below the first plugging board 52, and the third plugging slot 23 is located below the second plugging board 53;

[0096] The fixed end of the second telescopic power source 51 is fixedly connected to the cutter head body 11, and the telescopic direction of the second telescopic power source 51 is parallel to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31;

[0097] Since a plurality of knives 26 are fixed to any knife box body 21, the weight of any knife box body 21 is large enough. When one end of the knife box body 21 is in contact with the end face of another knife box body 21, when one of the knife box bodies 21 moves, it will drive the knife box body 21 in contact with it to move together. When the end faces of the two knife box bodies 21 are not separated, the knife box body 21 that is not plugged by the telescopic end of the second telescopic power source 51 or the telescopic end of the first telescopic power source 41 cannot slide down along the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 under the action of gravity alone.

[0098] The telescopic end of the first telescopic power source 41 drives the first tool box to move along the axis, the first plug-in board 52 is inserted into the second plug-in slot 22, and the third plug-in board is inserted into the second plug-in slot 22;

[0099] When the first knife box body 32 needs to alternate positions, the first telescopic power source 41 drives the first knife box body 32 to move in a direction perpendicular to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 through the first plug-in block 42 plugged into the first plug-in slot 43. During movement, the first plug-in plate 52 is inserted into the second plug-in slot 22, and the second plug-in slot 22 is inserted into the third plug-in slot 23. After the first telescopic power source 41 completes the telescopic action, the second plug-in slot 22 of the first knife box body 32 is plugged into the first plug-in plate 52, and the third plug-in slot 23 of the first knife box body 32 is plugged into the second The plug-in board 53 is plugged in. At this time, the second telescopic power source 51 starts to drive the first knife box body 32 to move in a direction parallel to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 for the first time. When the first knife box body 32 is completely moved to the top of the third knife box body 33 for the first time, since the end surface of the first knife box body 32 is always in contact with the third knife box body 33 during this movement and the friction between them is upward, the third knife box body 33 cannot continue to move upward due to the existence of the step, and the third knife box body 33 does not move. During this process, the first telescopic power source 41 has been reset;

[0100] The second telescopic power source 51 begins to reset. During this reset process, since there is no limiting structure between the original positions of the third knife box body 33 and the first knife box body 32, the third knife box body 33 can slide down together with the first knife box body 32, and the second knife box body 34 can also slide down along the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 to the original position of the third knife box body 33 under the action of gravity due to the sliding of the third knife box body 33. During this process, the second plug-in block 24 on the third knife box body 33 is plugged into the first plug-in block 42 on the telescopic end of the first telescopic power source 41;

[0101] The telescopic end of the second telescopic power source 51 drives the first tool box body 32 to move again. Since the second tool box body 34 and the third tool box body 33 have already completed sliding during this movement, and the upward sliding trend is blocked by the step, the first tool box body 32 can directly slide to the original position of the second tool box body 34. When the first tool box body 32 and the second tool box body 34 are released from the fit, the first tool box body 32 is no longer limited by the direction perpendicular to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31. The first tool box body 32 naturally slides down under the action of gravity, and then slides into the original position of the second tool box body 34 to complete the position alternation. The original third tool box body 33 and the original second tool box body 34 can both alternate positions through the above steps, thereby solving the problem in the prior art that the degree of wear of the tools 26 at each position of the full-section tunnel boring machine cutter head is different when excavating in steps, resulting in different replacement timings.

[0102] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 9 , a blocking block is provided at one end of the “L”-shaped sliding support plate 31 close to the outer edge of the cutter disc body 11;

[0103] The blocking block is located on the sliding track of the second knife box body 34 when it slides on the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 toward the knife disc body 11, and the blocking block prevents the knife box body 21 from sliding out of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 along the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31;

[0104] One end face of the blocking block adjacent to the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 is flush with one end face of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 close to the outer edge of the knife disc body 11, and the blocking block is located in the gap between the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 31. When the second knife box body 34 slides along the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31, the end face of the second knife box body 34 contacts the end face of the blocking block, and the second knife box body 34 will not slide out of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 in the horizontal direction.

[0105] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 9 The cutter body 11 is provided with a guide rod 54, the axis of the guide rod 54 is parallel to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31, and the guide rod 54 passes through the first plug-in board 52 and the second plug-in board 53;

[0106] The first plug-in board 52 slides along the guide rod 54 to the upper side of the second knife box body 34, and the first plug-in board 52 is located between the first plug-in slot 43 and the second plug-in slot 22 of the second knife box body 34; the second plug-in board 53 slides along the guide rod 54 to the upper side of the third knife box body 33, and the second plug-in board 53 is located between the first plug-in slot 43 and the second plug-in slot 22 of the third knife box body 33;

[0107] When the first plug-in board 52 and the second plug-in board 53 are both located above the first knife box body 32, the distance between the first plug-in board 52 and the first knife box body 32 and the distance between the second plug-in board 53 and the first knife box body 32 are both a, and the height difference between the second knife box body 34 and the third knife box body 33 is b, a=b;

[0108] The knife box body 21 is also fixedly connected with a guide rod 54, and the two ends of the guide rod 54 are respectively fixedly connected to the center position of the knife disc body 11 and the outer edge position of the knife disc body 11, and the length of the guide rod 54 is parallel to the telescopic direction of the telescopic end of the second telescopic power source 51, and the guide rod 54 passes through the first plug-in board 52 and the second plug-in board 53, and the first plug-in board 52 and the second plug-in board 53 can slide along the guide rod 54;

[0109] During excavation operations, the first plug-in plate 52 and the second plug-in plate 53 slide along the length direction of the guide rod 54, the first plug-in plate 52 slides to the top of the second tool box body 34 and limits the upward movement of the second tool box body 34 caused by the shaking of the excavation operation through its plate itself, the second plug-in plate 53 slides to the top of the third tool box body 33 and limits the upward movement of the second tool box body 34 caused by the shaking of the excavation operation through its plate itself, the distance between the first plug-in plate 52 and the second plug-in plate 53 and each tool box body 21 is small and is only the same as the height difference between the first step surface 35 and the second step surface 36, so it will not cause the first tool box body 32 to slide out of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 when it slides from the telescopic end plug-in state of the second telescopic power source 51 to the original second tool box body 34 position.

[0110] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 9 , the first telescopic power source 41 and the second telescopic power source 51 are both first hydraulic cylinders, and the first hydraulic cylinder used by the second telescopic power source 51 is a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder, which includes multiple cylinder bodies. When the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder is telescopic, its internal piston will first push out the multi-stage cylinder body under the action of hydraulic oil. After the multi-stage cylinder body has moved a certain length, the hydraulic oil will flow into the multi-stage cylinder body to form a small hydraulic cylinder to perform two-stage telescopic, until the telescopic rod located at the core position of the cylinder body is completely pushed out, thereby reaching the maximum stroke, and the maximum stroke is the maximum telescopic stroke of the second telescopic power source 51;

[0111] Since the internal space of the shaft boring machine is small and the underground working conditions are complex, the use of existing multi-stage hydraulic cylinders for horizontal extension and retraction can effectively solve the problem of insufficient lateral space and ensure the normal operation of the second extension and retraction power source 51.

[0112] To summarize, in the present invention, when it is necessary to use a full-section shaft boring machine cutterhead, the cutterhead body 11 rotates to drive the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 31 fixed thereon to rotate, and a portion of several tool box bodies 21 between the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates 31 extends out the tool 26 to perform excavation operations. When it is necessary to alternate the positions of several tool box bodies 21, the first telescopic power source 41 drives the first tool box body 32 located closest to the center of the cutterhead body 11 to climb in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 through the first plug-in block 42. During this process, since the third tool box body 33 is always in contact with the end face of the first tool box body 32 and the weight of each tool box body 21 is large, the friction between each other is large, and therefore the third tool box body 33 will not slide at will. The first tool box body 32 is driven by the first telescopic power source 41 After reaching the maximum distance, the first tool box body 32 and the second telescopic power source 51 are plugged in through the first plug-in plate 52, the second plug-in plate 53, the second plug-in slot 22, and the third plug-in slot 23. The first tool box body 32 begins to move in a direction parallel to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 driven by the second telescopic power source 51. During this process, the second tool box body 34 and the third tool box body 33 will not slide at will due to the friction and the presence of steps. After a certain sequence of movements, the first tool box body 32 can be successfully displaced to the highest point of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate 31 where the original second tool box body 34 is located, and a cutter disc that can exchange the positions of each tool box body 21 underground is obtained, thereby solving the problem in the prior art that the degree of wear of the tools 26 at each position of the full-section tunnel boring machine cutter disc is different during step-by-step excavation, resulting in different replacement timings.

[0113] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the technology may modify or change the above embodiments without violating the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by a person with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed by the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-section shaft boring machine cutter head, characterized in that: The knife disc comprises: A cutter disc body, wherein the cutter disc body is arranged to rotate on its own; A plurality of brackets, wherein the brackets are arranged in a circular array on the cutter disc body along the axis of the cutter disc body, and the angle between any of the brackets and the cutter disc body is an acute angle; A plurality of knife box fixing units, wherein the knife box fixing units are slidably mounted on the bracket, wherein any of the knife box fixing units comprises a knife box position alternating subunit and at least two knife box units, wherein the sliding direction of any of the knife box units is parallel to the length direction of the bracket, the knife box unit located at the lowest point of the bracket is the first knife box unit, and the knife box unit located at the highest point of the bracket is the second knife box unit, wherein the knife box position alternating subunit removes the first knife box unit located at the lowest point and places the first knife box unit at the highest point of the bracket, and the remaining knife box units slide down in sequence along the length direction of the bracket; Any of the knife box units comprises a knife box body, a sliding power assembly, a knife support and a knife; The knife box body is slidably mounted on the bracket, the sliding direction of the knife box body along the bracket is parallel to the guide direction of the bracket, the outer side wall of the knife box body is open, a sliding groove is formed in the knife box body, and the sliding groove is perpendicular to the outer side wall of the knife box body; The tool support is slidably mounted in the sliding groove, and a plurality of tools are rotatably mounted on the tool support; The fixed end of the sliding power assembly is fixedly installed in the tool box body, the sliding end of the sliding power assembly is fixedly connected to the tool bracket, and the sliding power assembly provides power for the sliding of the tool bracket; When the sliding end of the sliding power assembly is extended and retracted to drive the tool holder to move and the displacement is the smallest, the tool is completely located in the tool box body; when the sliding end of the sliding power assembly is extended and retracted to drive the tool holder to move and the displacement is the largest, the tool extends out from the outer wall opening of the tool box body; The bracket is two "L"-shaped sliding support plates; The two "L"-shaped sliding support plates are symmetrical with respect to the knife box body, one end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the knife disc body, and the other end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate is fixedly connected to the center of the knife disc body. The horizontal height of the bracket at one end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate connected to the center of the knife disc body is lower than the horizontal height of the bracket at one end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate connected to the outer edge of the knife disc body; The knife box body is located between the two "L"-shaped sliding support plates, the left part of the outer wall of the knife box body is in contact with the upper end surface of the horizontal plate of the left "L"-shaped sliding support plate, and the right part of the outer wall of the knife box body is in contact with the upper end surface of the horizontal plate of the right "L"-shaped sliding support plate, and the knife box body slides down along the guide direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate under the action of gravity; The knife box fixing unit includes three knife box bodies; The upper end surface of the transverse plate of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate is stepped along its length direction, and the upper end surface of the transverse plate of the stepped "L"-shaped sliding support plate includes a first step surface and a second step surface, the knife box body of the first knife box unit is the first knife box body, the knife box body of the second knife box unit is the second knife box body, the knife box unit between the first knife box unit and the second knife box unit is the third knife box unit, the knife box body of the third knife box unit is the third knife box body, the first step surface is close to the center position of the knife disc body, the second step is close to the outer edge of the knife disc body, the first knife box body and the third knife box body are both located on the first step surface, and the second knife box body is located on the second step surface; The knife box position alternating subunit includes a vertical power assembly for driving the first knife box body to move in a direction perpendicular to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate; The tool box position alternating subunit further includes a horizontal power assembly for driving the first tool box body to move in a direction parallel to the length of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate.

2. A full-face shaft boring machine cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding power assembly is a hydraulic cylinder; The fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed in the tool box body, the sliding end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the tool support, and the forward direction of the hydraulic cylinder is parallel to the guiding direction of the sliding groove.

3. A full-face shaft boring machine cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical power assembly includes a first telescopic power source, a first plug-in block, and a second plug-in block; The first plug-in block is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the first telescopic power source, and a first plug-in slot is formed on a side of the first plug-in block close to the second tool box body, and a length direction of the first plug-in slot is parallel to a length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate; The knife box body is fixedly connected with a second plug-in block, and when the first knife box body slides along the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, the second plug-in block is plugged into the first plug-in slot; The fixed end of the first telescopic power source is fixedly connected to the cutter head body, and the telescopic direction of the first telescopic power source is perpendicular to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate.

4. A full-face shaft boring machine cutterhead according to claim 3, characterized in that: The horizontal power assembly includes a second telescopic power source, a first plug-in board, a second plug-in board and a connecting rod; The first plug-in board and the second plug-in board are both fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second telescopic end, and a connecting rod is fixedly arranged between the first plug-in board and the second plug-in board; The two side walls of the knife box body that are opposite to each other and located in the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate are respectively provided with a second plugging slot and a third plugging slot, the length direction of the second plugging slot and the length direction of the third plugging slot are both perpendicular to the outer side wall of the knife box body, the distance between the second plugging slot and the center position of the knife disc body is greater than the distance between the third plugging slot and the center position of the knife disc body, the second plugging slot is located below the first plugging board, and the third plugging slot is located below the second plugging board; The fixed end of the second telescopic power source is fixedly connected to the cutter head body, and the telescopic direction of the second telescopic power source is parallel to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate; The telescopic end of the first telescopic power source drives the first tool box to move in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, the first plug-in plate is inserted into the second plug-in slot, and the second plug-in plate is inserted into the third plug-in slot.

5. A full-face shaft boring machine cutterhead according to claim 4, characterized in that: A blocking block is provided at one end of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate close to the outer edge of the cutter disc body; The blocking block is located on the sliding track when the second knife box body slides toward the knife disc body on the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, and the blocking block prevents the knife box body from sliding out of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate along the "L"-shaped sliding support plate.

6. A full-face shaft boring machine cutterhead according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cutter body is provided with a guide rod, the axis of which is parallel to the length direction of the "L"-shaped sliding support plate, and the guide rod passes through the first plug-in board and the second plug-in board; The first plug-in board slides along the guide rod to the upper part of the second knife box body, and the first plug-in board is located between the first plug-in slot and the second plug-in slot of the second knife box body; the second plug-in board slides along the guide rod to the upper part of the third knife box body, and the second plug-in board is located between the first plug-in slot and the second plug-in slot of the third knife box body; When the first plug-in board and the second plug-in board are both located above the first knife box body, the distance between the first plug-in board and the first knife box body and the distance between the second plug-in board and the first knife box body are both a, and the height difference between the second knife box body and the third knife box body is b, a=b; The first plug-in plate limits the upward movement of the second tool box body due to excavation work, and the second plug-in plate limits the upward movement of the third tool box body due to excavation work.

7. A full-face shaft boring machine cutterhead according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first telescopic power source and the second telescopic power source are both first hydraulic cylinders.

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