Forest ecology monitoring device based on remote sensing and monitoring method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a forest ecology monitoring device based on remote sensing and a monitoring method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of forest ecology monitoring. The forest ecology monitoring device comprises a base, a stand column is arranged on the base, a power box, a control box, a top plate and a solar cell panel are arranged on the stand column, and a temperature and humidity transmitter, a wind speed transmitter and a monitoring head are arranged on the top plate; the monitoring head faces the light receiving surface of the solar cell panel; a moving assembly is arranged on the stand column. A cleaning assembly is arranged on the moving assembly; the movable plate drives the connecting plate to move forwards, so that the spray head can movably wash the light receiving surface of the solar cell panel, and leaves, bird feces and the like remaining on the light receiving surface of the solar cell panel are prevented from affecting sunlight absorption and power generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of forest ecological monitoring, and in particular to a remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Field observation of forest and grassland ecosystems is an important part of ecosystem element observation. It is a necessary means to finely depict ecosystem characteristics from the perspective of ground observation based on remote sensing interpretation of ecosystem classification. Based on remote sensing images, it obtains resource distribution status on a large scale and summarizes the thematic data of forest and grassland resource management business maps on a data platform. Through the comparison of remote sensing images, it is also possible to discover the changes in forest and grassland resources in the early stage, providing the basis for evaluation and protection applications for forest and grassland resource management departments. At the same time, drones are used to obtain regional real-time videos and photos, and post-analysis is carried out to fully grasp the status of forest and grassland ecological resources, vegetation coverage changes, and dynamic changes in ecological resource patterns in the entire region. Remote sensing is to detect target objects under conditions far away from the target and non-contact target objects through instruments such as remote sensors that are sensitive to electromagnetic waves. As an aerial remote sensing method, drone remote sensing technology has the advantages of long battery life, real-time image transmission, detection of high-risk areas, low cost, high resolution, and maneuverability. Drones used for forest ecological monitoring also require corresponding energy to provide power for drone flight. Therefore, the current remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring devices will be equipped with solar panels, which use solar power to provide power for drone flight.

[0003] However, since the solar panels on the forest ecological monitoring device are located in the forest area, it is easy for leaves and bird droppings to fall on the light-receiving surface of the solar panels, which affects the absorption of sunlight and thus affects power generation. For this reason, we propose a forest ecological monitoring device based on remote sensing and its monitoring method. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a forest ecology monitoring device based on remote sensing and a monitoring method thereof to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device, comprising a base, a column is arranged on the base, a power supply box, a control box, a top plate and a solar panel are arranged on the column, a temperature and humidity transmitter, a wind speed transmitter and a monitoring head are arranged on the top plate, and the monitoring head faces the light-receiving surface of the solar panel;

[0006] A moving component is arranged on the column;

[0007] The moving component is provided with a cleaning component;

[0008] The cleaning component is provided with a water supply component.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device described in the present invention, the moving component includes a mounting plate arranged on a column, a motor is arranged on the mounting plate, the output shaft of the motor is sleeved with a bevel gear 1, the bevel gear 1 is meshedly connected with a bevel gear 2, the bevel gear 2 is sleeved on the rotating shaft, mounting seats are arranged at both ends of the column, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the left mounting seat through a bearing, a guide rod passes through the right mounting seat, the rear end of the guide rod is connected with a block 1, the front end of the rotating shaft is connected with a screw rod, and the front end of the screw rod is connected with a block 2, a movable plate is screwed on the screw rod, and the front end of the guide rod is connected to the movable plate.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device described in the present invention, the cleaning component includes a connecting plate, a transmission box is arranged on the top of the connecting plate, and the transmission box is evenly connected with nozzles facing the light-receiving surface of the solar cell panel, the connecting plate is connected to the connecting shaft, and the connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the movable plate through a bearing.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device described in the present invention, the water supply component includes a telescopic hose, one end of the telescopic hose is connected to the transmission box, the other end of the telescopic hose is connected to a fixed pipe, the fixed pipe is connected to the water outlet of the pump, the water inlet of the pump is connected to a water tank, and the pump is installed on the water tank, a collecting cylinder is provided on the top of the water tank, and a filter screen is provided on the collecting cylinder, the top of which is aligned with the collecting cylinder.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device described in the present invention, wherein: a gear is provided at the top of the connecting shaft, a gear is meshingly connected to the gear, a connecting rod and a sliding rod are respectively provided on both sides of the gear rod, the sliding rod is slidably connected to a fixed cylinder, and the fixed cylinder is provided on a movable plate, a spring connected to the sliding rod is provided on the fixed cylinder, a rotating wheel is rotatably provided at the left rear end of the connecting rod, a connecting plate is provided at the bottom of the top plate, a protective cover is provided at the bottom of the connecting plate, and an extrusion assembly is provided in the protective cover.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device described in the present invention, the extrusion assembly is integrally formed and connected by a straight rod, a convex rod and a concave rod, the concave rods are all arranged on the protective cover, and the rotating wheel is in contact with the right side of the straight rod.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device described in the present invention, a protective plate 1 is provided below the top plate, and the protective plate 1 is located above the motor and the lead screw.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device described in the present invention, a second protective plate is provided on the top of the movable plate, and the second protective plate is located above the gear and the gear rod.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device described in the present invention, wherein: a mounting rod is slidably connected to the water tank, a scraper is arranged on the mounting rod, support plates whose tops are aligned with the collecting cylinder are arranged on the front and rear sides of the collecting cylinder, a scraper in contact with the support plate is arranged on the mounting rod, a spring 2 connected to the water tank is arranged on the mounting rod, a pull rope is arranged on the mounting rod, a guide wheel is arranged on the water tank, and the pull rope passes around the guide wheel and is connected to block 1.

[0017] The monitoring method of the forest ecological monitoring device based on remote sensing specifically includes the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: When using for the first time, first add water to the water tank through the collection tube, and then the water in the water tank is filtered through the filter to collect rainwater from the forest. The monitoring head monitors the light-receiving surface of the solar panel. When leaves and bird droppings are found on the light-receiving surface, the motor and pump are turned on through the control box;

[0019] Step 2: The pump sends water to the nozzle of the transmission box through the telescopic hose and sprays it out. At the same time, the motor drives the screw to rotate forward, so that the movable plate drives the connecting plate to move forward, so that the nozzle can move and wash the light-receiving surface of the solar panel;

[0020] Step 3: When the movable plate moves forward, the fixed cylinder can drive the slide bar, the gear bar and the connecting rod to move forward, so that the rotating wheel can repeatedly roll on the straight rod, the convex rod and the concave rod in turn, and then the slide bar can be driven by the spring to move horizontally on the fixed cylinder, so that when the movable plate moves forward, the gear bar moves horizontally back and forth on the gear, so that the gear drives the connecting shaft to swing forward and backward alternately, thereby driving the connecting plate, the transmission box and the nozzle to swing forward and backward alternately, so that the sprayed water flow can change the angle intermittently, and when the movable plate moves forward, the guide rod drives the pull rope on the stopper to move forward, driving the scraper to scrape the top of the filter screen;

[0021] Step 4: After cleaning is completed, the motor drives the screw to reverse, so that the nozzle is reset, and the scraper is also reset by spring 2.

[0022] Step 5: Collect data on the surrounding humidity and wind speed through humidity transmitters and wind speed transmitters, collect data on the screen through monitoring heads, and use solar panels to provide energy. A wireless receiving module is installed in the control box to interact with the receiving terminal carried by the drone. The data after interaction is transmitted to the monitoring center for monitoring. The drone obtains regional real-time videos and photos, and conducts post-analysis to fully understand the status of forest and grass ecological resources, changes in vegetation coverage, and changes in the pattern of ecological resources in the entire region.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The humidity transmitter and wind speed transmitter are used to collect data on the surrounding humidity and wind speed. The monitoring head collects data on the screen. The solar panel provides energy. A wireless receiving module is set in the control box to interact with the receiving terminal carried by the drone. The data after interaction is transmitted to the monitoring center for monitoring. The movable plate drives the connecting plate to move forward, so that the nozzle can move and wash the light-receiving surface of the solar panel to avoid the residual leaves and bird droppings on the light-receiving surface of the solar panel, which affects the absorption of sunlight and thus affects power generation. When the movable plate moves forward The fixed cylinder can drive the slide bar, the gear bar and the connecting rod to move forward, so that the rotating wheel can repeatedly roll on the straight rod, the convex rod and the concave rod in turn, and then the slide bar can be driven by the spring to move horizontally on the fixed cylinder, so that when the movable plate moves forward, the gear bar moves horizontally back and forth on the gear, so that the gear drives the connecting shaft to swing forward and backward alternately, thereby driving the connecting plate, the transmission box and the nozzle to swing forward and backward alternately, so that the water flow sprayed by the nozzle can change the angle intermittently. Through the water flow with intermittently changing the angle, the debris can be washed at multiple angles, thereby greatly improving the ease of washing away the debris;

[0025] 2. When the movable plate moves forward, the guide rod drives the pull rope on the block to move forward, driving the scraper to scrape the top of the filter, which can clean the debris on the top of the filter at the same time, making it easier to collect rainwater. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device and the monitoring method thereof of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the mobile component, cleaning component and water supply component described in the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device and monitoring method thereof of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the forest ecological monitoring device based on remote sensing and the monitoring method thereof of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extrusion assembly, the connecting rod, the sliding rod, the fixing cylinder, the spring 1 and the rotating wheel described in the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device and the monitoring method thereof of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the protective cover, connecting plate and extrusion assembly described in the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device and monitoring method thereof of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a protective plate described in the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device and monitoring method thereof.

[0032] In the figure: 1, base; 2, column; 3, power box; 4, control box; 5, top plate; 6, temperature and humidity transmitter; 7, wind speed transmitter; 8, solar panel; 9, monitoring head; 10, mounting plate; 11, motor; 12, bevel gear 1; 13, bevel gear 2; 14, rotating shaft; 15, mounting seat; 17, guide rod; 18, block 1; 19, screw rod; 20, block 2; 21, connecting plate; 22, transmission box; 23, nozzle; 24, connecting shaft; 25, movable plate; 26, extension 1. The first step is to tighten the sleeve and tighten the sleeve; 2. The second step is to tighten the sleeve and tighten the sleeve; 3. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 4. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 5. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 6. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 7. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 8. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 9. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 10. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 11. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 12. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 13. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 14. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 15. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 16. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 17. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 18. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 19. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 20. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 21. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 22. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 23. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 24. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 25. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 26. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 27. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 28. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 29. ​​The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 30. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 31. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 32. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 33. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 34. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 35. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 36. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 37. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 38. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 39. The second step is to tighten the sleeve; 40. The DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] As mentioned in the background technology, the solar panels on the forest ecological monitoring devices in the prior art are located in the forest area, which makes it easy for leaves and bird droppings to fall on the light-receiving surface of the solar panels, affecting the absorption of sunlight and thus affecting power generation. The present invention proposes an automatic cleaning remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Reference Figures 1 to 5, use drones to obtain regional real-time videos and photos, and conduct post-analysis to fully grasp the status of forest and grass ecological resources in the entire region, changes in vegetation coverage, and changes in the pattern of ecological resources. The forest ecological monitoring device based on remote sensing includes a base 1, a column 2 is arranged on the base 1, a power box 3, a control box 4, a top plate 5 and a solar panel 8 are arranged on the column 2, a temperature and humidity transmitter 6, a wind speed transmitter 7 and a monitoring head 9 are arranged on the top plate 5, and the monitoring head 9 faces the light-receiving surface of the solar panel 8. Other wind direction transmission devices and light sensors used for ecological monitoring can also be installed on the column 2. The built-in processing module of the control box 4 is respectively connected to the wind speed transmitter 7 and the temperature and humidity transmitter 6. The wind speed data monitored by the wind speed transmitter 7 The temperature and humidity data monitored by the temperature and humidity transmitter 6 are transmitted to the processing module built into the control box 4 for processing and storage. A wireless receiving module is arranged in the control box 4, which can exchange data with the receiving terminal carried by the drone. The data after the interaction is transmitted to the monitoring center for monitoring, so as to realize the remote sensing forest ecological detection method. This is the prior art and will not be described in detail here. The solar panel 8 uses solar power generation to power the electrical components in the text and to provide power for the drone flight. This is the prior art and will not be described in detail here. The monitoring head 9 is used to monitor whether there are any debris blocking the light-receiving surface of the solar panel 8, and transmit the monitored picture to the control box 4 for processing. When it is found, the control box 4 controls the motor 11 and the pump 28 to work;

[0037] A moving component is provided on the column 2;

[0038] A cleaning component is provided on the moving component;

[0039] A water supply component is arranged on the cleaning component.

[0040] The moving assembly includes a mounting plate 10 arranged on the column 2, and a motor 11 is arranged on the mounting plate 10. The output shaft of the motor 11 is sleeved with a bevel gear 12, and the bevel gear 12 is meshed with a bevel gear 2 13, and the bevel gear 2 13 is sleeved on a rotating shaft 14. The motor 11 drives the bevel gear 12 to rotate, so that the bevel gear 2 13 can drive the rotating shaft 14 to rotate. Mounting seats 15 are arranged at both ends of the column 2. The rotating shaft 14 is rotatably connected to the left mounting seat 15 through a bearing, and the right mounting seat 15 is connected to the right mounting seat 15 through a bearing. The mounting seat 15 is penetrated by a guide rod 17, the rear end of the guide rod 17 is connected to a block 18, the front end of the rotating shaft 14 is connected to a screw rod 19, and the front end of the screw rod 19 is connected to a block 20, a movable plate 25 is screwed on the screw rod 19, and the front end of the guide rod 17 is connected to the movable plate 25. When the screw rod 19 rotates forward, the movable plate 25 can move forward on the right mounting seat 15 through the guide rod 17, driving the block 18 to move synchronously, and the block 20 is to prevent the movable plate 25 from detaching from the screw rod 19.

[0041] The cleaning assembly includes a connecting plate 21, a transmission box 22 is arranged on the top of the connecting plate 21, and the transmission box 22 is evenly connected with nozzles 23 facing the light-receiving surface of the solar cell panel 8. The connecting plate 21, the transmission box 22 and the nozzles 23 move synchronously. The connecting plate 21 is connected to the connecting shaft 24, and the connecting shaft 24 is rotatably connected to the movable plate 25 through a bearing. When the connecting shaft 24 swings, the connecting plate 21 swings along.

[0042] The water supply assembly includes a telescopic hose 26, one end of the telescopic hose 26 is connected to the transmission box 22, and the other end of the telescopic hose 26 is connected to the fixed pipe 27. The provision of the telescopic hose 26 does not affect the movement of the transmission box 22. The fixed pipe 27 is connected to the water outlet of the pump 28, and the water inlet of the pump 28 is connected to the water tank 29. The pump 28 is installed on the water tank 29. A collecting cylinder 30 is provided on the top of the water tank 29. A filter screen 31 is provided on the collecting cylinder 30, and the top of the collecting cylinder 30 is aligned with the collecting cylinder 30. The filter screen 31 is used to prevent debris from entering the collecting cylinder 30.

[0043] A gear 32 is provided at the top end of the connecting shaft 24, and a gear rod 33 is meshed and connected to the gear 32. A connecting rod 34 and a sliding rod 35 are provided on both sides of the gear rod 33 respectively. The sliding rod 35 is slidably connected to the fixed cylinder 36, and the fixed cylinder 36 is provided on the movable plate 25. A spring 37 connected to the sliding rod 35 is provided on the fixed cylinder 36. The sliding rod 35 can slide in the fixed cylinder 36 and is reset by the spring 37. A rotating wheel 38 is rotatably provided at the left rear end of the connecting rod 34, and the connecting rod 34 can drive the rotating wheel 38 to move. A connecting plate 43 is provided at the bottom of the top plate 5, and a protective cover 42 is provided at the bottom of the connecting plate 43. An extrusion assembly is provided in the protective cover 42, and the protective cover 42 is used to protect the extrusion assembly.

[0044] The extrusion assembly is integrally formed and connected by a straight rod 39, a convex rod 40 and a concave rod 41, and the concave rods 41 are all arranged on the protective cover 42. The rotating wheel 38 contacts the right side of the straight rod 39. When the movable plate 25 moves forward, the fixed cylinder 36 can drive the sliding rod 35, the gear rod 33 and the connecting rod 34 to move forward, so that the rotating wheel 38 can repeatedly roll on the straight rod 39, the convex rod 40 and the concave rod 41 in turn, and then the sliding rod 35 can be driven by the spring 1 37 to move laterally on the fixed cylinder 36, so that when the movable plate 25 moves forward, the gear rod 33 moves laterally back and forth on the gear 32.

[0045] A mounting rod 46 is slidably connected to the water tank 29, and a scraper 47 is arranged on the mounting rod 46. Support plates 51 whose tops are aligned with the collecting cylinder 30 are arranged on the front and rear sides of the collecting cylinder 30. A scraper 47 in contact with the support plate 51 is arranged on the mounting rod 46, and the support plate 51 allows the scraper 47 to still be supported after cleaning the filter screen 31. A spring 2 48 connected to the water tank 29 is arranged on the mounting rod 46, and the spring 2 48 can automatically reset the scraper 47. A pull rope 49 is arranged on the mounting rod 46, and a guide wheel 50 is arranged on the water tank 29. The pull rope 49 bypasses the guide wheel 50 and is connected to the block 18. When the block 18 moves forward with the guide rod 17, the pull rope 49 can pull the mounting rod 46 to move together. The guide wheel 50 can guide the pull rope 49 to facilitate better pulling of the mounting rod 46 to move.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 A protective plate 44 is provided below the top plate 5, and the protective plate 44 is located above the motor 11 and the screw rod 19, for protecting the motor 11 and the screw rod 19; a protective plate 45 is provided on the top of the movable plate 25, and the protective plate 45 is located above the gear 32 and the gear rod 33, for protecting the gear 32 and the gear rod 33.

[0048] The rest of the structure is the same as that of Example 1.

[0049] The monitoring method of the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device adopts the remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device in Example 2, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: When using for the first time, first add water into the water tank 29 through the collection tube 30, and then the water in the water tank 29 is filtered through the filter 31 to collect rainwater in the forest. The monitoring head 9 monitors the light-receiving surface of the solar panel 8. When leaves and bird droppings are found on the light-receiving surface, the motor 11 and the pump 28 are turned on through the control box 4;

[0051] Step 2: The pump 28 delivers water to the nozzle 23 of the transmission box 22 through the telescopic hose 26 and sprays it out. At the same time, the motor 11 drives the screw 19 to rotate forward, so that the movable plate 25 drives the connecting plate 21 to move forward, so that the nozzle 23 can move and wash the light-receiving surface of the solar panel 8;

[0052] Step 3: When the movable plate 25 moves forward, the fixed cylinder 36 can drive the slide bar 35, the gear rod 33 and the connecting rod 34 to move forward, so that the rotating wheel 38 can repeatedly roll on the straight rod 39, the convex rod 40 and the concave rod 41 in turn, and then the slide bar 35 can be driven by the spring 1 37 to move laterally on the fixed cylinder 36, so that when the movable plate 25 moves forward, the gear rod 33 moves laterally back and forth on the gear 32, so that the gear 32 drives the connecting shaft 24 to swing forward and backward alternately, thereby driving the connecting plate 21, the transmission box 22 and the nozzle 23 to swing forward and backward alternately, so that the sprayed water flow can change the angle intermittently, and when the movable plate 25 moves forward, the guide rod 17 drives the pull rope 49 on the stopper 18 to move forward, and drives the scraper 47 to scrape the top of the filter screen 31;

[0053] Step 4: After the cleaning is completed, the motor 11 drives the screw rod 19 to reverse, so that the nozzle 23 is reset, and the scraper 47 is also reset by the spring 2 48.

[0054] Step 5: Collect data on the surrounding humidity and wind speed through the humidity transmitter 6 and the wind speed transmitter 7, collect data on the screen through the monitoring head 9, and provide energy for the solar panel 8. A wireless receiving module is arranged in the control box 4, which can interact with the receiving terminal carried by the drone. The data after interaction is transmitted to the monitoring center for monitoring. The drone obtains regional real-time videos and photos, and conducts post-analysis to fully grasp the status of forest and grass ecological resources, vegetation coverage changes, and changes in the ecological resource pattern in the entire region.

[0055] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device, characterized in that: include, A base (1), wherein a column (2) is arranged on the base (1), a power supply box (3), a control box (4), a top plate (5) and a solar panel (8) are arranged on the column (2), a temperature and humidity transmitter (6), a wind speed transmitter (7) and a monitoring head (9) are arranged on the top plate (5), and the monitoring head (9) faces the light-receiving surface of the solar panel (8); The column (2) is provided with a moving component; The moving component is provided with a cleaning component; The cleaning component is provided with a water supply component.

2. The remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving assembly comprises a mounting plate (10) arranged on a column (2), a motor (11) being arranged on the mounting plate (10), an output shaft of the motor (11) being sleeved with a bevel gear 1 (12), a bevel gear 2 (13) being meshedly connected to the bevel gear 1 (12), and the bevel gear 2 (13) being sleeved on a rotating shaft (14), mounting seats (15) being arranged at both ends of the column (2), the rotating shaft (14) being rotatably connected to the left mounting seat (15) through a bearing, a guide rod (17) passing through the right mounting seat (15), a rear end of the guide rod (17) being connected with a stopper 1 (18), a front end of the rotating shaft (14) being connected with a screw rod (19), and a front end of the screw rod (19) being connected with a stopper 2 (20), a movable plate (25) being screwed on the screw rod (19), and a front end of the guide rod (17) being connected to the movable plate (25).

3. The remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cleaning assembly comprises a connecting plate (21), a transmission box (22) is arranged on the top of the connecting plate (21), and nozzles (23) facing the light-receiving surface of the solar cell panel (8) are evenly connected to the transmission box (22), and the connecting plate (21) is connected to a connecting shaft (24), and the connecting shaft (24) is rotatably connected to a movable plate (25) through a bearing.

4. The remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The water supply assembly comprises a telescopic hose (26), one end of the telescopic hose (26) is in communication with the transmission box (22), the other end of the telescopic hose (26) is in communication with a fixed pipe (27), the fixed pipe (27) is in communication with a water outlet of a pump (28), the water inlet of the pump (28) is in communication with a water tank (29), and the pump (28) is mounted on the water tank (29), a collecting cylinder (30) is arranged at the top of the water tank (29), and a filter screen (31) is arranged on the collecting cylinder (30), the top of the collecting cylinder (30) is aligned with the collecting cylinder (30).

5. The remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A gear (32) is provided at the top end of the connecting shaft (24), and a gear rod (33) is meshedly connected to the gear (32). A connecting rod (34) and a sliding rod (35) are provided on both sides of the gear rod (33). The sliding rod (35) is slidably connected to a fixed cylinder (36), and the fixed cylinder (36) is provided on the movable plate (25). A spring (37) connected to the sliding rod (35) is provided on the fixed cylinder (36). A rotating wheel (38) is rotatably provided at the rear end of the left side of the connecting rod (34). A connecting plate (43) is provided at the bottom of the top plate (5). A protective cover (42) is provided at the bottom of the connecting plate (43), and an extrusion assembly is provided in the protective cover (42).

6. The remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The extrusion assembly is formed integrally and connected in sequence by a straight rod (39), a convex rod (40) and a concave rod (41); the concave rod (41) is arranged on a protective cover (42); and the rotating wheel (38) is in contact with the right side of the straight rod (39).

7. The remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A protective plate 1 (44) is provided below the top plate (5), and the protective plate 1 (44) is located above the motor (11) and the screw rod (19).

8. The remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A second protective plate (45) is provided on the top of the movable plate (25), and the second protective plate (45) is located above the gear (32) and the gear rod (33).

9. The remote sensing-based forest ecological monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water tank (29) is slidably connected with a mounting rod (46), and a scraper (47) is arranged on the mounting rod (46). Support plates (51) whose tops are aligned with the collecting tube (30) are arranged on both the front and rear sides of the collecting tube (30). The mounting rod (46) is provided with a scraper (47) in contact with the support plate (51). The mounting rod (46) is provided with a spring 2 (48) connected with the water tank (29). The mounting rod (46) is provided with a pull rope (49). The water tank (29) is provided with a guide wheel (50), and the pull rope (49) bypasses the guide wheel (50) and is connected with a stopper 1 (18).

10. The monitoring method of the forest ecological monitoring device based on remote sensing according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: When using for the first time, water is first added to the water tank (29) through the collection tube (30), and then the water in the water tank (29) is filtered through the filter (31) to collect rainwater in the forest. The monitoring head (9) monitors the light-receiving surface of the solar panel (8). When leaves and bird droppings are found on the light-receiving surface, the motor (11) and the pump (28) are turned on through the control box (4); Step 2: The pump (28) delivers water to the nozzle (23) of the transmission box (22) through the telescopic hose (26) for spraying, and at the same time, the motor (11) drives the screw rod (19) to rotate forward, so that the movable plate (25) drives the connecting plate (21) to move forward, so that the nozzle (23) can move and wash the light-receiving surface of the solar panel (8); Step 3: When the movable plate (25) moves forward, the fixed cylinder (36) can drive the slide bar (35), the gear bar (33) and the connecting rod (34) to move forward, so that the rotating wheel (38) can repeatedly roll on the straight rod (39), the convex rod (40) and the concave rod (41) in sequence, and then the slide bar (35) can be driven to move horizontally on the fixed cylinder (36) through the spring 1 (37), so that when the movable plate (25) moves forward, the gear bar (33) moves horizontally back and forth on the gear (32), so that the gear (32) drives the connecting shaft (24) to swing forward and backward alternately, thereby driving the connecting plate (21), the transmission box (22) and the nozzle (23) to swing forward and backward alternately, so that the sprayed water flow can change the angle intermittently, and when the movable plate (25) moves forward, the guide rod (17) drives the pull rope (49) on the stopper 1 (18) to move forward, driving the scraper (47) to scrape the top of the filter screen (31); Step 4: After the cleaning is completed, the motor (11) drives the screw rod (19) to reverse, so that the nozzle (23) is reset, and the scraper (47) is also reset by the spring 2 (48). Step 5: The humidity transmitter (6) and the wind speed transmitter (7) are used to collect data on the surrounding humidity and wind speed. The monitoring head (9) collects data on the screen. The solar panel (8) provides energy. A wireless receiving module is set in the control box (4) to interact with the receiving terminal carried by the drone. The data after interaction is transmitted to the monitoring center for monitoring. The drone obtains regional real-time videos and photos, and conducts post-analysis to fully understand the status of forest and grass ecological resources in the entire region, changes in vegetation coverage, and changes in the pattern of ecological resources.

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