Sugarcane field soil nutrient rapid detection and analysis device

Abstract

The invention discloses a sugarcane field soil nutrient rapid detection and analysis device in the technical field of sugarcane field soil detection.The sugarcane field soil nutrient rapid detection and analysis device comprises a vehicle body, a controller and a data transmitter, the controller and the data transmitter are both arranged in the vehicle body, the controller is electrically connected with the data transmitter, a working cavity is formed in the vehicle body, and a first workbench is arranged on the side wall of the working cavity; the top of the working cavity is fixedly connected with a telescopic rotating assembly, the bottom of the telescopic rotating assembly is fixedly connected with a second workbench, the top of the working cavity is fixedly connected with a plurality of detection assemblies corresponding to the first workbench, the top of the working cavity is fixedly connected with a plurality of cleaning assemblies, and the top of the working cavity is fixedly connected with a plurality of grinding assemblies. A sampling assembly is arranged on the inner side wall of the working cavity. The sugarcane field soil nutrient detection device is simple and easy to operate, through cooperative work of the cleaning assembly, the grinding assembly, the detection assembly and the sampling assembly, sampling detection analysis is conducted after a sampling area is cleaned, and therefore sugarcane field soil nutrient detection is rapidly, efficiently and accurately completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane field soil detection, and in particular to a sugarcane field soil nutrient rapid detection and analysis device. Background Art

[0002] As an important economic crop, sugarcane needs to absorb a large amount of nutrients during its growth and development. These nutrients mainly come from the soil, including macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements such as magnesium, sulfur, and zinc. The adequacy of soil nutrients directly affects the yield and quality of sugarcane. Therefore, understanding the nutrient status of sugarcane field soil is of great significance for guiding reasonable fertilization and increasing sugarcane yield. Factors such as soil type, climatic conditions, and farming methods in different regions will affect the content and distribution of soil nutrients. Therefore, regular nutrient testing of sugarcane field soil can timely understand the dynamic changes of soil nutrients and provide a basis for formulating scientific fertilization plans.

[0003] In some existing sugarcane field soil nutrient detection and analysis technologies, the soil in the sugarcane field is usually sampled at multiple points and brought back to the detection room for nutrient detection after pretreatment. Although this method can detect sugarcane field nutrients more accurately, the cycle is long; there are also some detection methods that use an automated trolley and load sampling, detection components, controllers, data transmitters and other components on it to directly detect and analyze soil nutrients in the sugarcane field. However, this method is difficult to clean the sampling area before sampling. If there are debris in the sampling area, it is easy to affect the subsequent test results and even damage the sampling components. In addition, some nutrients are generally laid on the surface of the sugarcane field to provide nutrients for the sugarcane, which will also increase the accuracy of its detection and analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a rapid detection and analysis device for sugarcane soil nutrients, which can not only quickly complete the sugarcane field nutrient detection and analysis, but also clean the sampling area to ensure the accuracy of the test results and the durability of the device. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a device for rapid detection and analysis of nutrients in sugarcane field soil. The device is simple and easy to operate. Through the coordinated work of a cleaning component, a grinding component, a detection component and a sampling component, the sampling area is cleaned and then sampled, detected and analyzed, thereby quickly, efficiently and accurately completing the detection of nutrients in sugarcane field soil.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a device for rapid detection and analysis of soil nutrients in a sugarcane field, comprising a vehicle body, a controller and a data transmitter, wherein the controller and the data transmitter are both arranged inside the vehicle body, the controller is electrically connected to the data transmitter, a working chamber is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body, a first workbench in a circular shape for storing the sugarcane field soil to be detected and analyzed is arranged on the side wall of the working chamber, a telescopic rotating assembly for transferring the sugarcane field soil sample is fixedly connected to the top of the working chamber, a circular second workbench for storing the sugarcane field soil to be pretreated is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic rotating assembly, a plurality of ventilation slots are arranged in a circular array at the top of the second workbench, and the inner ring diameter of the first workbench is 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 1.6 ... The outer ring diameter of the second workbench is the same as that of the first workbench and the second workbench are the same center. The top of the working chamber is fixedly connected with a plurality of detection components located above the first workbench for detecting nutrients in the sugarcane field. The top of the working chamber is fixedly connected with a plurality of cleaning components for cleaning the sampling area. The top of the working chamber is fixedly connected with a plurality of grinding components corresponding to the second workbench for grinding the soil in the sugarcane field in the second workbench. A sampling component for collecting a soil sample of the sugarcane field and placing it in the second workbench is provided on the inner side wall of the working chamber, and the second workbench is located in the motion track of the sampling component. The telescopic rotating component, the detection component, the grinding component and the sampling component are all electrically connected to the controller.

[0006] The cleaning components all include a support rod fixedly connected to the top of the working chamber, a cleaning motor is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support rod, a plurality of fan blades are coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the cleaning motor, the plurality of fan blades are located above the second workbench, and the cleaning motors are electrically connected to the controller.

[0007] Principle of the basic solution: After the vehicle body reaches the sampling area, the impurities in the area are cleaned by the cleaning component, and the second workbench is extended out of the vehicle body by the telescopic rotating component so that it is located under the bottom of the vehicle body. The cleaning area is sampled by the sampling component and placed in the second workbench to complete the sampling of one sampling point. The posture of the second workbench is adjusted by the telescopic rotating component to facilitate the subsequent storage of sampled soil. After the sampling of all sampling points is completed, the telescopic rotating component retracts the second workbench into the vehicle body, and the sugarcane field soil sample in the second workbench is ground by the grinding component, and the sugarcane field soil to be tested in the second workbench is transferred to the first workbench through the movement of the grinding component, and then the sugarcane field soil in the first workbench is tested and analyzed for nutrients by the testing component.

[0008] The above scheme has the following beneficial effects:

[0009] 1. Compared with some sampling vehicles in the prior art that directly take samples for analysis, this solution uses a cleaning component to first clean the impurities in the sampling area to ensure the purity of the sampling; the sampling component can accurately take samples at the designated location and automatically place the soil sample into the second workbench. Subsequently, the grinding component finely grinds the soil to help the accuracy of subsequent nutrient testing. And compared with traditional manual sampling and laboratory testing methods, this device can greatly reduce manpower and time costs and improve testing efficiency. At the same time, accurate test results can help guide the precise fertilization of sugarcane fields, reduce fertilizer waste, and improve the production efficiency of sugarcane.

[0010] 2. In this solution, the design of the telescopic rotating assembly enables the second workbench to be flexibly extended or retracted into the vehicle body, and its position can be adjusted as needed to adapt to different terrains and sampling requirements. This design not only improves the convenience of sampling, but also ensures the stability and reliability of the device in different environments; and setting it at the bottom of the vehicle body can effectively reduce the sugarcane leaves or other debris above the vehicle body from falling into the second workbench during the operation of the vehicle body.

[0011] 3. In this solution, the detection component can comprehensively detect multiple nutrient components in the soil of the sugarcane field, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other key nutrient elements, providing a scientific basis for the soil management and fertilization decision of the sugarcane field. At the same time, the data transmitter can transmit the test results to relevant personnel in real time, so as to facilitate timely adoption of corresponding management measures.

[0012] 4. This solution uses a controller to centrally control the telescopic rotating component, detection component, grinding component, sampling component and other parts, realizing the full automation operation from sugarcane field soil sampling to nutrient detection, reducing manual intervention and improving work efficiency.

[0013] 5. In this scheme, the design of the cleaning motor can quickly drive the fan blades to rotate, generate strong airflow or wind pressure, and quickly blow away or suck away impurities and residues in the sampling area to achieve efficient cleaning. This efficient cleaning ability ensures the cleanliness of the sampling area and avoids the interference of impurities on the sampling results; at the same time, the airflow generated can accelerate the air drying of the sugarcane field soil samples in the second workbench, thereby further improving the accuracy of subsequent test results. The design of a number of ventilation slots on the second workbench can enable the wind generated by the fan blades to pass through the second workbench and reach the ground quickly and accurately. At the same time, it can also play a certain guiding role in the air flow, so that the wind force generated by the fan blades is more used to clean up impurities in the sampling area; and when the sampling component is sampling, the continuous wind force can also clean up some impurities attached to the surface of the sampling component, thereby further improving the reliability of subsequent sugarcane field soil samples. And the second workbench is set in a circular shape, which can cooperate with the movement of the rotating telescopic component so that the second workbench fits the inner circle of the first workbench, thereby completing the subsequent transfer of sugarcane field soil samples and rapid nutrient detection and analysis.

[0014] Furthermore, the telescopic rotation assembly includes a first telescopic rod fixedly connected to the top of the working chamber, and the end of the first telescopic rod away from the top wall of the working chamber is fixedly connected to a rotating motor. The output shaft of the rotating motor is coaxially fixedly connected to the second workbench, and the rotating motor and the first telescopic rod are both electrically connected to the controller.

[0015] Beneficial effects: Through the precise control of the first telescopic rod and the rotary motor by the controller, the second workbench can be precisely adjusted to extend and retract into the vehicle body, as well as the soil sample can be rotated in the working chamber. This precise control ensures the smooth progress of the sampling, pretreatment and detection process, and improves the stability and accuracy of the overall operation; the telescopic function of the first telescopic rod enables the second workbench to be flexibly adjusted at different heights to adapt to different terrains and sampling requirements. At the same time, the rotation function of the rotary motor allows the second workbench to rotate 360 ​​degrees in the working chamber, further increasing the flexibility and convenience of the operation. It can also significantly shorten the time for sampling, pretreatment and detection, and improve the overall work efficiency. This high efficiency is particularly evident when switching quickly between multiple sampling points.

[0016] Furthermore, the detection components all include a second telescopic rod fixedly connected to the top wall of the working chamber, the bottom output shaft of the second telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the spectrum analyzer, and the second telescopic rod and the spectrum analyzer are both electrically connected to the controller.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The telescopic function of the second telescopic rod enables the spectrometer to be flexibly adjusted at different heights to meet the detection needs of different soil samples. This flexibility ensures that the spectrometer can be accurately aligned with the soil sample, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the detection; the design of the spectrometer can accurately measure a variety of nutrient components in the soil sample, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other key nutrients, and through electrical connection with the controller, the spectrometer can transmit the test results to the controller in real time, thereby realizing rapid and accurate detection of soil nutrients.

[0018] Furthermore, the top of the vehicle body is a dome structure.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The top of the vehicle body is designed with a dome structure. When the vehicle body is driving in a sugarcane field, sugarcane leaves or other branches in the field may collide with the vehicle body, causing certain damage to the surface of the vehicle body or its internal components due to the impact force, thereby affecting the accuracy of subsequent sampling work or soil analysis and testing. The dome structure can reduce the damage caused by the collision between the vehicle body and these branches to a certain extent.

[0020] Furthermore, the grinding assembly includes a third telescopic rod fixedly connected to the top of the working chamber, the output shaft of the third telescopic rod is fixedly connected to a vibrator, and the third telescopic rod and the vibrator are both electrically connected to the controller.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The design of the vibrator can produce a strong vibration effect, which can efficiently crush and grind soil samples; the design of the third telescopic rod can accurately control the height of the vibrator, so that it can adapt to soil samples of different types and humidity.

[0022] Furthermore, a plurality of first storage bins are arranged in a circular array on the first workbench, and the first storage bins correspond one-to-one to the spectrometers; a plurality of second storage bins are arranged in a circular array on the second workbench, and the second storage bins correspond one-to-one to the vibrators.

[0023] Beneficial effects: By arranging the first storage bin and the second storage bin in a circular array, the space of the workbench can be maximized, so that each storage bin can be reasonably laid out, avoiding space waste. This layout method also helps to reduce interference between devices and improve overall work efficiency; each first storage bin corresponds to a spectrometer one-to-one, and this setting allows samples to be quickly and accurately sent to the corresponding spectrometer for testing, improving the convenience and accuracy of operation. The one-to-one correspondence between the second storage bin and the vibrator facilitates the vibration treatment of the soil in the second storage bin, such as mixing, screening or conveying, and also improves the efficiency of operation.

[0024] Furthermore, the sampling assembly includes a fourth telescopic rod laterally arranged on the inner wall of the working chamber, the fourth telescopic rod is fixedly connected to a fifth telescopic rod in a vertical direction at one end away from the side wall of the working chamber, the bottom of the fifth telescopic rod is fixedly connected to a sampler, and the fourth telescopic rod, the fifth telescopic rod and the sampler are all electrically connected to the controller.

[0025] Beneficial effect: Through the cooperation of the fourth telescopic rod, the fifth telescopic rod and the sampler, accurate sampling of different positions and depths of soil in different sugarcane fields can be achieved.

[0026] Furthermore, the first storage bin is provided with an inclined first transfer port near its inner circle, and the second storage bin is provided with an inclined second transfer port near its outer circle; the first transfer port is located above one end of the inner circle of the first workbench, and the second transfer port is located below the other end of the outer circle of the second storage bin; the first transfer ports correspond to the second transfer ports.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The design of the first transfer port and the second transfer port enables the ground sugarcane field soil in the second storage bin to be transferred from the first transfer port and the second transfer port to the first storage bin under the action of the vibrator, thereby completing the subsequent soil nutrient detection. At the same time, the inclined setting of the first transfer port and the second transfer port enables the ground sugarcane field soil to smoothly enter the first storage bin.

[0028] Furthermore, a filter is provided at one end of the second transfer port close to the second storage bin, and a solenoid valve is provided inside the second transfer port, and the solenoid valve is electrically connected to the controller; the filter specification is 1mm.

[0029] Beneficial effects: The design of the 1mm filter can screen and filter the sugarcane field soil that has been ground and transferred to the first storage bin, so that the diameter of the soil entering the first storage bin is less than 1mm, further removing impurities therein and improving the accuracy of subsequent spectral analysis detection.

[0030] Furthermore, the inside of the second storage bin is hinged with a bottom cover near the bottom of the second workbench, the diameter of the bottom cover is equal to the diameter of the second storage bin, the top of the bottom cover is an inclined surface, the inner wall of the second storage bin is fixedly connected with an electromagnet for adsorbing the bottom cover, the electromagnet and the bottom cover are in the same horizontal plane as the second transfer port near one end of the second storage bin, and the electromagnet is electrically connected to the controller.

[0031] Beneficial effects: The bottom cover can be automatically adsorbed and released by the cooperation of the electromagnet and the bottom cover. When the electromagnet is powered on, the bottom cover can be firmly adsorbed to ensure the closed state of the second storage bin and prevent the soil inside from falling. The hinged design between the bottom cover and the second storage bin allows the bottom cover to be easily opened and closed, making it easy to clean and maintain the inside of the second storage bin.

[0032] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is an overall axial schematic diagram of an embodiment of a device for rapid detection and analysis of nutrients in sugarcane fields soil of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 A front cross-sectional view of a vehicle body of an embodiment of a device for rapid detection and analysis of soil nutrients in a sugarcane field according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 A top view of a first workbench of an embodiment of a device for rapid detection and analysis of soil nutrients in a sugarcane field according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 A top view of a second workbench of an embodiment of a device for rapid detection and analysis of soil nutrients in a sugarcane field according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a partial enlarged view of A of the embodiment of the device for rapid detection and analysis of soil nutrients in a sugarcane field of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a partial enlarged view of B of the embodiment of the device for rapid detection and analysis of nutrients in sugarcane field soil of the present invention.

[0039] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. body; 2. working chamber; 3. first telescopic rod; 4. support rod; 5. first workbench; 6. first storage bin; 7. first transfer port; 8. fan blades; 9. second workbench; 10. second storage bin; 11. second transfer port; 12. rotating motor; 13. sampler; 14. fifth telescopic rod; 15. fourth telescopic rod; 16. vibrator; 17. third telescopic rod; 18. spectrometer; 19. second telescopic rod; 20. bottom cover; 21. electromagnet; 22. filter; 23. solenoid valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0043] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0044] Example:

[0045] As attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown: a rapid detection and analysis device for sugarcane field soil nutrients, including a vehicle body 1, a controller and a data transmitter, the controller and the data transmitter are both screwed to the inside of the vehicle body 1, the controller is electrically connected to the data transmitter, the soil detection and analysis data is received by the controller and the sugarcane field nutrient data received by the controller is transmitted to the terminal through the data transmitter, so as to facilitate real-time observation by the staff, a working chamber 2 is opened inside the vehicle body 1, a circular first workbench 5 for storing sugarcane field soil to be detected and analyzed is screwed to the side wall of the working chamber 2, a telescopic rotating assembly for transferring sugarcane field soil samples is fixedly connected to the top of the working chamber 2, a circular second workbench 9 for storing sugarcane field soil to be pretreated is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic rotating assembly, and a circular array is formed on the top of the second workbench 9 There are several ventilation slots, the inner ring diameter of the first workbench 5 is equal to the outer ring diameter of the second workbench 9, and the first workbench 5 and the second workbench 9 have the same center, and the top of the working chamber 2 is fixedly connected with several detection components located above the first workbench 5 for nutrient detection in the sugarcane field, and the top of the working chamber 2 is fixedly connected with several cleaning components for cleaning the sampling area, and the top of the working chamber 2 is fixedly connected with several grinding components corresponding to the second workbench 9 for grinding the sugarcane field soil in the second workbench 9, and the inner wall of the working chamber 2 is provided with a sampling component for collecting sugarcane field soil samples and placing them in the second workbench 9, and the second workbench 9 is located in the motion trajectory of the sampling component; the telescopic rotating component, the detection component, the grinding component and the sampling component are all electrically connected to the controller.

[0046] The cleaning assembly includes a support rod 4 fixedly connected to the top of the working chamber 2 by screws, and a cleaning motor is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support rod 4 by bolts. The output shaft of the cleaning motor is fixedly connected to a plurality of fan blades 8 by coaxial bolts, and the plurality of fan blades 8 are located above the second workbench 9. The cleaning motors are electrically connected to the controller to reduce impurities in the sampling area during soil sampling, thereby improving the accuracy and scientificity of subsequent detection results.

[0047] The telescopic rotating assembly includes a first telescopic rod 3 bolted to the top of the working chamber 2, and the first telescopic rod 3 is bolted to a rotating motor 12 at one end away from the top wall of the working chamber 2. The output shaft of the rotating motor 12 is coaxially bolted and fixedly connected to the second workbench 9, and the rotating motor 12 and the first telescopic rod 3 are both electrically connected to the controller.

[0048] The detection component includes a second telescopic rod 19 screwed to the top wall of the working chamber 2, the output shaft of the second telescopic rod 19 is screwed to the spectrometer 18, and the second telescopic rod 19 and the spectrometer 18 are electrically connected to the controller, so as to quickly analyze and detect soil nutrients in the sugarcane field.

[0049] The grinding assembly includes a third telescopic rod 17 fixedly connected to the top of the working chamber 2 by bolts, the output shaft of the third telescopic rod 17 is fixedly connected to the vibrator 16 by screws, and the third telescopic rod 17 and the vibrator 16 are both electrically connected to the controller.

[0050] The sampling assembly includes a fourth telescopic rod 15 fixed to the inner wall of the working chamber 2 by transverse bolts. The fourth telescopic rod 15 is fixedly connected to the fifth telescopic rod 14 by bolts in a vertical direction at one end away from the side wall of the working chamber 2. A sampler 13 is welded to the bottom of the fifth telescopic rod 14. The fourth telescopic rod 15, the fifth telescopic rod 14 and the sampler 13 are all electrically connected to the controller.

[0051] A plurality of first storage bins 6 are provided in a circular array on the first workbench 5, and the first storage bins 6 correspond to the spectrometer 18 one by one. A plurality of second storage bins 10 are provided in a circular array on the second workbench 9, and the second storage bins 10 correspond to the vibrator 16 one by one. The first storage bins 6 are provided with an inclined first transfer port 7 near the inner circle, and the second storage bins 10 are provided with an inclined second transfer port 11 near the outer circle. The first transfer port 7 is located above the inner circle end of the first workbench 5, and the second transfer port 11 is located below the outer circle end of the second storage bin 10. The first transfer port 7 corresponds to the second transfer port 11. A filter screen 22 is bonded to the end of the second transfer port 11 near the second storage bin 10, and a solenoid valve 23 is bonded inside the second transfer port 11, and the solenoid valve 23 is electrically connected to the controller. The filter screen 22 is 1 mm in size to ensure the uniformity and representativeness of the soil sample, while reducing interference factors in the analysis, so as to facilitate subsequent analysis and detection of sugarcane field soil.

[0052] The second storage bin 10 is hinged with a bottom cover 20 near the bottom of the second workbench 9. The diameter of the bottom cover 20 is equal to that of the second storage bin 10. The top of the bottom cover 20 is an inclined surface. The inner wall of the second storage bin 10 is bonded with an electromagnet 21 for adsorbing the bottom cover 20. The electromagnet 21 and the bottom cover 20 are in the same horizontal plane as the second transfer port 11 near one end of the second storage bin 10. The electromagnet 21 is electrically connected to the controller. At the same time, the inner wall of the second storage bin 10 is embedded with a heating layer electrically connected to the controller, thereby further improving the air-drying rate of the sugarcane field soil and ensuring the accuracy of subsequent sugarcane field soil nutrient analysis and detection.

[0053] The specific implementation process is as follows: when analyzing and testing the soil nutrients in the sugarcane field, it is generally necessary to conduct multi-point sampling and testing to ensure an accurate assessment of the soil nutrient conditions in the entire sugarcane field and reduce the deviation caused by chance. During the movement of the vehicle body 1, the first telescopic rod 3 extends the second workbench 9 from the bottom of the vehicle body 1, and the cleaning motor will continue to work, driving the fan blades 8 to generate continuous strong wind, blowing from just above the second workbench 9 and blowing to the ground; when the vehicle body 1 moves to a certain sugarcane field sampling point, the wind force generated by the rotation of the fan blades 8 blows away impurities in the sampling area, such as gravel, sugarcane fallen leaves or other piles, so that the obtained sugarcane field soil samples meet the standards for detection and analysis, and improve the accuracy of subsequent sugarcane field soil detection and analysis. After a preset cleaning time, the sampler 13 can be accurately inserted into the area for soil sampling through the movement of the fourth telescopic rod 15 arranged horizontally and the fifth telescopic rod 14 arranged vertically, and After the sampling is completed, the fifth telescopic rod 14 is retracted to a certain distance, so that the height of the sampler 13 is slightly higher than the top of the second workbench 9, and then the fourth telescopic rod 15 is controlled to move, so that the sampler 13 gradually approaches the top of the corresponding second storage bin 10, and then the fifth telescopic rod is controlled to move downward, so that the sampler 13 enters the corresponding second storage bin 10, and finally the obtained soil sample is stored in the corresponding empty second storage bin 10; and in order to reduce the possibility of debris splashing into the second storage bin 10 during the movement of the vehicle body 1, a plurality of shielding sheets made of rubber are arranged at the top position thereof, which can block a certain mass of debris, and at the same time do not affect the soil sample in the sampler 13 from entering the second storage bin 10 (when the sampler 13 contacts the shielding sheet, since it is made of rubber, when the sampler 13 applies a sufficiently large pressure to it, it will deform, thereby opening to allow the sampler 13 to enter the second storage bin 10; otherwise it cannot enter therein). When the sampling point is completed, the rotating motor 12 is started, driving the second workbench 9 to rotate, so that a spare second storage bin 10 is rotated to the designated position of the sampler 13 for discharging, so as to facilitate the completion of sampling at multiple sampling points. In the subsequent sampling process, the wind force continuously generated by the fan blades 8 blows toward the top of the second workbench 9, thereby increasing the air flow rate at the top, thereby accelerating the air drying rate of the sugarcane field soil sample in the second storage bin 10, thereby facilitating the subsequent soil analysis and testing. At the same time, the inner wall of the second storage bin 10 is provided with a heating layer, thereby further improving the air drying efficiency, thereby ensuring that after the collection work of all sampling points is completed, the soil can be quickly tested and analyzed.

[0054] After sampling at all sampling points is completed, the second workbench 9 will stay outside the vehicle body 1 for a certain period of time, so that the sugarcane field soil samples at the last few sampling points can be fully air-dried to ensure the accuracy of the data. Then the first telescopic rod 3 is retracted, and the second workbench 9 is put into the vehicle body 1, so that the first transfer port 7 in the first workbench 5 and the second transfer port 11 in the second workbench 9 correspond to each other, so as to facilitate the transfer of the soil sample later; and then the vibrator 16 at the bottom thereof is extended into the corresponding second storage bin 10 through the third telescopic rod 17, wherein the vibrator 16 preferably has a small vibration motor, and the surface of the vibrator 16 in contact with the sugarcane field soil is provided with a frosted surface with a relatively high roughness, so that the soil in the second storage bin 10 collides or squeezes with the frosted surface through the high-frequency vibration of the vibrator 16, so that the sugarcane field soil sample is gradually ground into particles less than 1 mm; while vibrating and grinding, the solenoid valve 23 in the second transfer port 11 is opened, so that the soil sample with a diameter less than 1 mm after grinding passes through the filter screen 22, and flows into the first storage bin 6 along the first transfer port 7 and the second transfer port 11, and at the same time, because the top of the bottom cover 20 in the second storage bin 10 is an inclined surface and the vibration of the vibrator 16, the transfer of the ground soil sample to the first storage bin 6 is accelerated, thereby improving the overall detection efficiency. After the soil samples in the second storage bin 10 are transferred to the first storage bin 6, the spectrometer 18 at the bottom is moved to the corresponding first storage bin 6 by the movement of the second telescopic rod 19 to analyze and detect the sugarcane field soil samples therein.

[0055] After completing the analysis and detection, the data obtained from the detection and analysis are processed through three methods: PLSR, BPNN and CNN, and finally scientific and accurate data are obtained. The process of outputting the sugarcane field soil detection results through CNN is as follows: First, outdoor hyperspectral data X (n, p) and soil nutrient measured data Y (n, 1) are used as input. Where n is the number of samples, and p is the number of wavelengths of spectral data;

[0056] Furthermore, the convolution kernel size is set to (1×m), the moving step is 1, and the convolution formula is:

[0057] y i =f(a i +∑k ij *x j )

[0058] where y i and x j is the jth input variable and the ith output variable, k ij is the convolution kernel between the i-th convolution kernel and the j-th convolution kernel, a i is the deviation of the jth convolution, f(x) is the activation function, and * represents the convolution process;

[0059] Furthermore, pooling, the pooling process is mainly to reduce the data dimension, reduce spectral noise, and improve the model training efficiency. The main pooling methods (pool) generally include: maximum value pooling and mean pooling. The pooling formula is:

[0060] x f =pool(x e )

[0061] Furthermore, the activation function is used to determine the output of the convolution and pooling layers, improve the network training speed and map the high-dimensional complex information features into nonlinear simple information. It is usually run together with the convolution process. Furthermore, the output connection of the above step is mapped into a one-dimensional vector to reduce the high-dimensional information to a low-dimensional output. Furthermore, a certain ratio of neurons is randomly inactivated to prevent overfitting of the network. It is often placed between the fully connected layer and the output layer. Finally, the soil nutrient data is output.

[0062] After the detection is completed, the electromagnet 21 is powered off. Since the bottom cover 20 is hinged to the inner wall of the second storage bin 10 and the diameter of the bottom cover 20 is the same as that of the second storage bin 10, after the electromagnet 21 is powered off, the bottom cover 20 will open to a certain extent due to its own gravity, thereby cleaning out the remaining soil or other impurities in the second storage bin 10, thereby reducing the workload of manual cleaning and reducing interference with subsequent sugarcane field soil sampling.

[0063] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A device for rapid detection and analysis of soil nutrients in a sugarcane field, comprising a vehicle body (1), a controller and a data transmitter, wherein the controller and the data transmitter are both arranged inside the vehicle body (1), and the controller and the data transmitter are electrically connected, characterized in that: A working chamber (2) is provided at the bottom of the vehicle body (1); a first working table (5) in the shape of an annular ring for storing sugarcane field soil to be tested and analyzed is provided on the side wall of the working chamber (2); a telescopic rotating assembly for transferring sugarcane field soil samples is fixedly connected to the top of the working chamber (2); a second working table (9) in the shape of an annular ring for storing sugarcane field soil to be pretreated is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic rotating assembly; a plurality of ventilation slots are provided in a circular array at the top of the second working table (9); an inner ring diameter of the first working table (5) is equal to an outer ring diameter of the second working table (9); and the first working table (5) and the second working table (9) have the same center of a circle; The top of the working chamber (2) is fixedly connected with a plurality of detection components located above the first workbench (5) for detecting nutrients in the sugarcane field; the top of the working chamber (2) is fixedly connected with a plurality of cleaning components for cleaning the sampling area; the top of the working chamber (2) is fixedly connected with a plurality of grinding components corresponding to the second workbench (9) for grinding the sugarcane field soil in the second workbench (9); a sampling component for collecting a sample of the sugarcane field soil is provided on the inner side wall of the working chamber (2), and the second workbench (9) is located in the motion track of the sampling component; the telescopic rotating component, the detection component, the grinding component and the sampling component are all electrically connected to the controller; The cleaning components all include a support rod (4) fixedly connected to the top of the working chamber (2), a cleaning motor is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support rod (4), a plurality of fan blades (8) are coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the cleaning motor, the plurality of fan blades (8) are located above the second workbench (9), and the cleaning motors are electrically connected to the controller.

2. The device for rapid detection and analysis of sugarcane field soil nutrients according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic rotating assembly comprises a first telescopic rod (3) fixedly connected to the top of the working chamber (2); one end of the first telescopic rod (3) away from the top wall of the working chamber (2) is fixedly connected to a rotating motor (12); an output shaft of the rotating motor (12) is coaxially fixedly connected to the second workbench (9); and both the rotating motor (12) and the first telescopic rod (3) are electrically connected to a controller.

3. The device for rapid detection and analysis of sugarcane field soil nutrients according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detection components all comprise a second telescopic rod (19) fixedly connected to the top wall of the working chamber (2); the output shaft of the second telescopic rod (19) is fixedly connected to a spectrum analyzer (18); and the second telescopic rod (19) and the spectrum analyzer (18) are both electrically connected to a controller.

4. The device for rapid detection and analysis of sugarcane field soil nutrients according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the vehicle body (1) is a dome structure.

5. The device for rapid detection and analysis of sugarcane field soil nutrients according to claim 4, characterized in that: The grinding components all comprise a third telescopic rod (17) fixedly connected to the top of the working chamber (2); the output shaft of the third telescopic rod (17) is fixedly connected to a vibrator (16); and the third telescopic rod (17) and the vibrator (16) are both electrically connected to a controller.

6. The device for rapid detection and analysis of sugarcane field soil nutrients according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of first storage bins (6) are arranged in a circular array on the first workbench (5), and the first storage bins (6) correspond one-to-one to the spectrum analyzers (18); a plurality of second storage bins (10) are arranged in a circular array on the second workbench (9) and penetrate the second workbench (9), and the second storage bins (10) correspond one-to-one to the vibrators (16).

7. The device for rapid detection and analysis of sugarcane field soil nutrients according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sampling assembly comprises a fourth telescopic rod (15) which is transversely arranged on the inner wall of the working chamber (2); one end of the fourth telescopic rod (15) away from the side wall of the working chamber (2) is fixedly connected to a fifth telescopic rod (14) in a vertical direction; the bottom of the fifth telescopic rod (14) is fixedly connected to a sampler (13); and the fourth telescopic rod (15), the fifth telescopic rod (14) and the sampler (13) are all electrically connected to a controller.

8. The device for rapid detection and analysis of sugarcane field soil nutrients according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first storage bin (6) is provided with an inclined first transfer opening (7) on its inner circle side, and the second storage bin (10) is provided with an inclined second transfer opening (11) on its outer circle side; the first transfer opening (7) is located above the other end near the inner circle of the first workbench (5), and the second transfer opening (11) is located below the other end near the outer circle of the second storage bin (10); the first transfer opening (7) corresponds to the second transfer opening (11).

9. The device for rapid detection and analysis of sugarcane field soil nutrients according to claim 8, characterized in that: A filter screen (22) is provided at one end of the second transfer port (11) close to the second storage bin (10), and a solenoid valve (23) is provided inside the second transfer port (11). The solenoid valve (23) is electrically connected to the controller; the filter screen (22) has a specification of 1 mm.

10. The device for rapid detection and analysis of soil nutrients in sugarcane fields according to claim 9, characterized in that: A bottom cover (20) is hingedly connected inside the second storage bin (10), the diameter of the bottom cover (20) is equal to the diameter of the second storage bin (10), the top of the bottom cover (20) is an inclined surface, the inner wall of the second storage bin (10) is fixedly connected with an electromagnet (21) for adsorbing the bottom cover (20), the electromagnet (21) and the bottom cover (20) are both in the same horizontal plane as the end of the second transfer port (11) close to the second storage bin (10), and the electromagnet (21) is electrically connected to the controller.

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