Wireless communication method and battery management system based on wireless communication

Abstract

The invention provides a wireless communication method and a battery management system based on wireless communication. The method comprises the following steps: generating a plurality of communication paths according to the communication quality between a plurality of battery cell management units and a battery management unit; wherein each battery cell management unit is used for collecting working data of a battery pack and sending the working data to the battery management unit; controlling the battery management unit to generate a control instruction based on the received working data, and forwarding the control instruction to the battery cell management unit through the communication path; wherein the battery management unit is in wireless communication with each battery cell management unit; controlling the cell management unit to perform cell management on the connected battery pack based on the received control instruction; wherein the battery cell management unit is connected with at least one battery pack, and each battery pack comprises a plurality of single battery cells. According to the invention, the reliability of communication between the battery management units can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Internet of Things, and in particular to a wireless communication method and a battery management system based on wireless communication. Background Art

[0002] In the Battery Management System (BMS), the Battery Management Unit (BMU) and the Cell Management Unit (CMU) are two key components that play an important role in the monitoring and management of the battery. The cell management unit is a management module for a single battery unit (cell), responsible for real-time monitoring and management of each cell. It usually monitors the voltage, temperature and other states of a single cell, and feeds this information back to the battery management unit, so that the battery management unit can detect abnormalities of a single cell early, such as overcharging, over-discharging, short circuit, etc. The battery management unit can manage the battery pack more comprehensively and accurately based on the data collected by the cell management unit, and make optimization decisions based on the current situation.

[0003] However, in actual applications, since the cell management unit needs to be reliably electrically connected to each cell, the installation position of each cell management is generally fixed at a place close to the cell. When the distance between the cell management unit and the battery management unit increases, the communication signal may attenuate, especially in long-distance transmission. As the distance increases, the signal strength may decrease, resulting in unstable data transmission. Long-distance transmission usually introduces more communication delays. If the battery management unit needs to respond immediately to the status information provided by the cell management unit, such as alarms for overtemperature or overcharge of the cell, the delay may result in failure to take timely action, increasing safety risks. In addition, in the prior art, whether it is a centralized battery management system or a distributed battery management system, most of them still use wired communication. There will be a large number of cell sampling harnesses in the entire battery pack, and there will also be many control connection harnesses with the entire vehicle. The mixing of high-voltage and low-voltage harnesses poses serious challenges to the electrical safety of the entire vehicle. For example, in a traditional battery management system, the vehicle's lead-acid 12V battery is connected to the battery management unit through a connecting harness, and then the battery management unit supplies power to other module units. The wiring of the connecting harness is relatively complicated and may need to pass through multiple areas or components of the vehicle, which increases the difficulty of troubleshooting and maintenance, and also increases the possibility of failure. Long cables may be more susceptible to electromagnetic interference, especially near high-current lines, which may affect the integrity of data transmission. How to improve the communication reliability between the cell management unit and the battery management unit is of vital importance to the application of the battery management unit. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a wireless communication method and a battery management system based on wireless communication, so as to solve the above technical problems and improve the communication reliability between the cell management unit and the battery management unit.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a wireless communication method, comprising:

[0006] Generate a plurality of communication paths according to the communication quality between the plurality of cell management units and the battery management unit; wherein each cell management unit is used to collect the working data of the battery pack and send the working data to the battery management unit;

[0007] Controlling the battery management unit to generate a control instruction based on the received working data, and forwarding the control instruction to each battery management unit through a communication path; wherein the battery management unit communicates wirelessly with the plurality of battery management units;

[0008] The control cell management unit performs cell management on the connected battery pack based on the received control instruction; wherein the cell management unit is connected to at least one battery pack, and each battery pack contains a plurality of single cells.

[0009] In the above scheme, several communication paths are generated according to the communication quality between each cell management unit and the battery management unit, so that the system can dynamically select the best communication channel. This adaptive path selection can ensure that even when the quality of some channels decreases, the system can still maintain communication stability through other paths, reducing communication interruptions caused by failure of a certain path. Wireless communication can provide lower latency, allowing the battery management system to respond to the status information of the battery cell (such as overtemperature, overcharge alarms, etc.) more quickly, which is crucial to ensure the safety of the battery and extend the battery life. The cell management unit collects the working data of the battery pack and quickly sends it to the battery management unit. The battery management unit generates control instructions based on the received data and transmits them back to the cell management unit through wireless channels, which can achieve faster decision-making and response, and can improve the reliability and stability of communication in the battery management system.

[0010] In one implementation, a plurality of communication paths are generated according to the communication quality between the plurality of cell management units and the battery management unit, specifically including:

[0011] Divide the quality of each cell management unit into several quality batches according to the communication quality strength;

[0012] Establishing a first communication path between a first cell management unit in a first preset quality batch and a battery management unit;

[0013] Establishing a second communication path between a second cell management unit in a second preset quality batch and the battery management unit, and selecting the second cell management unit as a relay node;

[0014] Control the second battery cell management unit to receive the control instructions sent by the battery management unit and forward the control instructions to the third battery cell management unit in the third preset quality batch within the receiving range, and establish a third communication path based on the communication between the second battery cell management unit and the third battery cell management unit; wherein the communication quality strength of the third battery cell management unit is weaker than that of the second battery cell management unit.

[0015] In one implementation, the communication quality strength of each cell management unit is divided into several quality batches, including:

[0016] Calculate the communication quality parameters of each cell management unit; wherein the communication quality parameters include data packet error rate and signal strength;

[0017] The communication quality parameter is compared with the preset communication quality parameter threshold, and the quality batch to which each battery management unit belongs is divided according to the comparison result.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a battery management system based on wireless communication, which is used to execute the above wireless communication method, including: a battery management unit and a cell management unit;

[0019] Each battery management unit is wiredly connected to at least one battery pack; wherein each battery pack is sequentially connected in series to obtain a first battery pack;

[0020] Each cell management unit communicates wirelessly with the battery management unit; wherein the battery management unit is connected to the first battery pack;

[0021] The cell management unit is used to collect cell working data of the connected battery pack and balance the cell monomers of the connected battery pack based on the collected cell working data;

[0022] The battery management unit is used to send control instructions to the battery management unit according to the control requirements sent by the external device;

[0023] The cell management unit is also used to exchange data with the battery management unit according to the received control instructions.

[0024] In the above solution, wireless communication eliminates the need for a large number of wired connections and greatly simplifies the wiring requirements between the cell management unit and the battery management unit. This makes the installation of the entire battery pack easier and reduces the complexity of wiring. Through wireless communication, the cell management unit can send working data to the battery management unit in real time, facilitating rapid data exchange and feedback. This enables the battery management system to adapt to different working conditions more quickly, optimize charging and discharging strategies and cell balancing. Compared with traditional wired systems, battery management systems based on wireless communication can effectively simplify wiring, improve safety, reduce failure rates, reduce electromagnetic interference, and improve flexibility and scalability.

[0025] In one implementation, each battery cell management unit is connected to at least one battery pack by wire, including:

[0026] Each battery cell management unit is connected to at least one battery pack via a preset connection method; wherein the preset connection method is FPC connection and FFC connection.

[0027] In one implementation, the cell management unit includes a front-end acquisition chip and a wireless communication chip;

[0028] The front-end acquisition chip is used to collect the battery cell working data of the connected battery pack; wherein the battery cell working information includes voltage information and temperature information;

[0029] The wireless communication chip is used to exchange data with the battery management unit according to control instructions.

[0030] In one implementation, the front-end acquisition chip includes a sampling and balancing module, a communication conversion module, a power conversion module, and a chip diagnosis module;

[0031] The sampling and balancing module is used to collect the cell working data of each single cell in the connected battery pack and the power supply at both ends of the connected battery pack; wherein, the sampling and balancing module is also used to perform cell balancing according to the balancing instruction issued by the cell management unit;

[0032] The communication conversion module is used to receive control instructions and send and receive data; wherein the communication conversion module performs serial communication with the wireless communication chip;

[0033] The power conversion module is used to supply power to the front-end acquisition chip;

[0034] The chip diagnosis module is used to perform chip function diagnosis on the front-end acquisition chip.

[0035] In one implementation, the battery management system based on wireless communication further includes a battery management unit, specifically:

[0036] The battery management unit includes a high voltage power supply conversion unit, a main communication unit and a main control management unit;

[0037] The high-voltage power supply conversion unit is used to convert the high-voltage power output by the first battery pack into low-voltage power, so that the first battery pack can supply power to various units in the battery management system;

[0038] The main control management unit is used to uniformly manage all units in the battery management unit, and realize data interaction and control between the battery management system and the whole vehicle based on the main communication unit; wherein the main communication unit includes at least one communication module with two-way transmission function.

[0039] In one implementation, the battery management unit also includes other auxiliary detection and control units, specifically:

[0040] Other auxiliary detection and control units are used to expand the functions of the battery management unit; among them, other auxiliary detection and control units include a high-voltage circuit total pressure acquisition module, a high-voltage circuit current acquisition module and a high-voltage electrical component temperature monitoring module.

[0041] In one implementation, the battery management unit is connected to the external device based on a hard-wired interface; and the user sends a control request to the battery management unit based on the external device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a wireless communication method provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a specific implementation of a wireless communication method provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an implementation framework of a wireless communication method provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another implementation framework of a wireless communication method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 A system architecture diagram of a battery management system based on wireless communication provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of a battery management unit provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 A structural block diagram of a battery management unit provided in one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0050] The terms "first" and "second" and the like in the specification, claims and drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0051] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0052] First, some terms in this application are explained to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0053] (1) BMU: A battery management unit (BMU) is an electronic device that is used to manage and monitor the status and performance of a battery pack. It is commonly used in various electronic devices, vehicles, and renewable energy systems. Its main functions include monitoring battery voltage, current, temperature, and other parameters to ensure safe operation of the battery and extend its service life.

[0054] (2) CMU: Cell Management Unit (CMU) generally refers to the management unit of each individual cell in a battery pack. They are similar to BMUs, but are specifically responsible for monitoring and managing the status and performance of each battery unit (cell). The functions of CMU include monitoring the voltage, current, and temperature of the cell, as well as controlling the charging and discharging process of the cell to ensure the safety and performance optimization of the entire battery pack.

[0055] (3) IIC (Inter-Integrated Circuit, I2C): A serial communication protocol used for short-distance data communication between a microcontroller and an external device. It uses two wires (clock line and data line) to transmit data and supports multiple devices connected to the same bus.

[0056] (4) SPI: A serial communication protocol used for high-speed data transmission between a microcontroller and an external device. SPI usually uses four wires (clock line, data line, master output line, and master input line), supports full-duplex communication, and can connect multiple slave devices.

[0057] (5) UART: An asynchronous serial communication protocol used for data transmission between a microcontroller and an external device. UART uses two wires (transmit and receive) to communicate through a simple point-to-point connection.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 The present invention provides a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The present invention provides a wireless communication method, including steps 101 to 103, each of which is as follows:

[0060] Step 101: generating a plurality of communication paths according to the communication quality between a plurality of cell management units and a battery management unit; wherein each cell management unit is used to collect the working data of the battery pack and send the working data to the battery management unit.

[0061] In an embodiment of the present invention, a number of communication paths are generated in advance according to the communication quality between each battery management unit and the battery management unit in the battery management system, so as to replace the one-to-one communication method between the battery management unit and the battery management unit in the prior art. The battery management unit is generally connected to at least one battery pack, and the battery pack is monitored by collecting the working data of the battery pack. The working data generally includes the status of the battery pack, including voltage, current, temperature, SOC (State of Charge), SOH (State of Health) and other information.

[0062] In one embodiment, a number of quality batches are divided according to the communication quality strength of each battery management unit; a first communication path is established between a first battery management unit in a first preset quality batch and a battery management unit; a second communication path is established between a second battery management unit in a second preset quality batch and a battery management unit, and the second battery management unit is selected as a relay node; the second battery management unit is controlled to receive a control instruction sent by the battery management unit and forward the control instruction to a third battery management unit in a third preset quality batch within a receiving range, and a third communication path is established based on the communication between the second battery management unit and the third battery management unit; wherein the communication quality strength of the third battery management unit is weaker than that of the second battery management unit.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present invention, the cell management units in the battery management system are divided into three quality batches of high, medium and low according to the calculation results of the communication quality between the cell management unit and the battery management unit, and the cell management unit in the second quality batch, that is, the cell management unit with medium quality batch is selected as a relay node, and the cell management unit as the relay node receives the control instruction sent by the battery management unit and forwards it to the cell management unit in the third quality batch, that is, the cell management unit with low quality batch within the receiving range. The cell management unit in the first quality batch directly communicates wirelessly with the battery unit. By evaluating the communication quality of the cell management units, they are divided into three quality batches of high, medium and low, ensuring that they communicate directly with the battery management unit (BMU) only when the communication quality is good. This method can maintain a high level of transmission quality overall, thereby ensuring that important status information and control instructions can be reliably transmitted to each cell management unit. When the communication quality of the cell management unit is poor, the medium quality cell management unit (CMU) is selected as a relay node, which can effectively utilize the resources in the network without sacrificing system performance. This dynamic routing method ensures that all available cell management units can participate in communication, even if their direct connection quality is poor. By selecting medium-quality cell management units as relay nodes, it is possible to quickly switch between multiple signal paths, reducing delays caused by poor signal transmission. This means that when there are communication difficulties, the signal can be quickly forwarded through the relay node and will not stay in a certain node for a long time. Using CMUs with poor communication quality as lower-level nodes ensures that low-quality communications will not directly affect the critical operations of the BMU. Important control instructions can only be transmitted between nodes with higher quality, reducing the risk of misoperation or information loss due to unstable signals.

[0064] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic diagram of an implementation framework of a wireless communication method provided in one embodiment of the present invention. A second battery cell management unit in a medium quality batch establishes wireless communication with a third battery cell management unit in a low quality batch, and the second battery cell management unit forwards data and instructions. The second battery cell management unit is controlled to forward the control instructions sent by the battery management unit to the third battery cell management unit, and the data fed back by the third battery cell management unit is forwarded to the battery management unit.

[0065] See also Figure 4 , Figure 4This is another implementation framework diagram of a wireless communication method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. As an alternative to the embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention also directly uses the distance between the cell management unit and the battery management unit as the evaluation criterion for the relay node. The cell management unit that is closer to the battery management unit is selected as the relay node, and the relay node directly forwards data and instructions to the cell management unit that is farther away from the battery management unit.

[0066] In one embodiment, several quality batches will be divided according to the communication quality strength of each battery management unit, specifically including: calculating the communication quality parameters of each battery management unit; wherein the communication quality parameters include data packet error rate and signal strength; comparing the communication quality parameters with a preset communication quality parameter threshold, and dividing the quality batch to which each battery management unit belongs according to the comparison result.

[0067] In the embodiment of the present invention, the PER and RSSI of each cell management unit are obtained. Among them, PER (Packet Error Rate) indicates the error rate of the data packets sent during the data transmission process; RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) indicates the strength of the received wireless signal. According to the communication quality parameters of the cell management unit, each cell management unit is divided into several communication quality batches. See Figure 2 , Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation of a wireless communication method provided in one embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of the present invention, the communication quality is divided into three batches of high, medium and low. If the communication quality parameters simultaneously satisfy PER greater than 95% and RSSI greater than -40dbm, the battery management unit is determined to be a high-quality batch; if the communication quality parameters are PER greater than 95% but RSSI greater than -40dbm, the battery management unit is determined to be a medium-quality batch; if the communication quality parameters do not simultaneously satisfy PER greater than 95% and RSSI greater than -40dbm, the battery management unit is determined to be a low-quality batch. It should be noted that the thresholds of PER and RSSI in the embodiment of the present invention are custom settings, which can be adjusted according to actual applications and are not limited here. As another optimization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, after the quality batches of the battery management units are divided, the battery management units can also be numbered for easy statistics and management.

[0068] Step 102: Control the battery management unit to generate a control instruction based on the received working data, and forward the control instruction to each battery cell management unit through a communication path; wherein the battery management unit communicates wirelessly with each battery cell management unit.

[0069] After receiving the data sent by the cell management unit (CMU), the battery management unit (BMU) will generate a series of control instructions based on the data to ensure the safe, efficient and reliable operation of the battery pack. Control instructions generally include charging control instructions, discharging control instructions, cell balancing control instructions, temperature control instructions, warning and protection mode instructions, etc. After receiving the data sent by the CMU, the BMU will generate corresponding control instructions based on the real-time battery status information to achieve intelligent battery management. The implementation of these instructions helps to maintain the safety, reliability and performance of the battery system under different working conditions.

[0070] Step 103: Control the cell management unit to perform cell management on the connected battery pack based on the received control instruction; wherein the cell management unit is connected to at least one battery pack, and each battery pack contains a plurality of single cells.

[0071] After receiving the control instructions from the battery management unit (BMU), the cell management unit (CMU) will perform a series of cell management tasks according to these instructions to ensure the safety and performance of the battery pack. Cell management operations include charge management, discharge management, voltage and current monitoring, balanced charging, fault detection and reporting, etc. The effective implementation of these management activities not only helps to ensure the health of the battery, but also prolongs its service life and improves the reliability of the overall system.

[0072] In an embodiment of the present invention, a wireless communication device is also provided, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, and the processor implements the above-mentioned wireless communication method when executing the computer program.

[0073] In an embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided. The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program. When the computer program is executed, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the above-mentioned wireless communication method.

[0074] Exemplarily, the computer program may be divided into one or more modules, one or more modules are stored in a memory and executed by a processor to implement the present invention. One or more modules may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of implementing specific functions, and the instruction segments are used to describe the execution process of the computer program in a wireless communication device.

[0075] The wireless communication device may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a PDA, and a cloud server. The wireless communication device may include, but is not limited to, a processor, a memory, and a display. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above components are merely examples of wireless communication devices and do not constitute a limitation on the wireless communication device. The wireless communication device may include more or fewer components than the components, or may combine certain components, or different components. For example, the wireless communication device may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0076] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The processor is the control center of the wireless communication device, and uses various interfaces and lines to connect various parts of the entire wireless communication device.

[0077] The memory can be used to store computer programs and / or modules. The processor realizes various functions of the wireless communication device by running or executing the computer programs and / or modules stored in the memory and calling the data stored in the memory. The memory can mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store an operating system, at least one application required for a function (such as a sound playback function, a text conversion function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the mobile phone (such as audio data, text message data, etc.), etc. In addition, the memory can include a high-speed random access memory, and can also include a non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, a flash card (Flash Card), at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0078] Wherein, if the module based on wireless communication is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the present invention implements all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment method, and can also be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program can implement the steps of the above-mentioned various method embodiments when executed by the processor. Wherein, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording medium, U disk, mobile hard disk, disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium, etc. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative labor.

[0079] An embodiment of the present invention provides a wireless communication method, which generates several communication paths according to the communication quality between multiple cell management units and a battery management unit, so that the system can dynamically select the best communication channel. This adaptive path selection can ensure that even when the quality of some channels decreases, the system can still maintain communication stability through other paths, reducing communication interruptions caused by failure of a certain path. Wireless communication can provide lower latency, allowing the battery management system to respond to the status information of the battery cells (such as overtemperature, overcharge alarms, etc.) more quickly, which is crucial to ensure the safety of the battery and extend the service life of the battery. The cell management unit collects the working data of the battery pack and quickly sends it to the battery management unit. The battery management unit generates control instructions based on the received data and transmits them back to the cell management unit via wireless channels, which can achieve faster decision-making and response, and can improve the reliability and stability of communication in the battery management system.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 The system architecture diagram of a battery management system based on wireless communication provided in one embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of the present invention provides a battery management system based on wireless communication, which is used to execute the wireless communication method as in embodiment 1, including: a battery management unit and a cell management unit;

[0082] Each cell management unit is connected to at least one battery pack by wire; wherein each battery pack is connected in series in sequence to obtain a first battery pack; each cell management unit communicates wirelessly with the battery management unit; wherein the battery management unit is connected to the first battery pack; the cell management unit is used to collect cell working data of the connected battery pack and balance the cells of the connected battery pack based on the collected cell working data; the battery management unit is used to send control instructions to the cell management unit according to the control requirements sent by the external device; the cell management unit is also used to exchange data with the battery management unit according to the received control instructions.

[0083] In an embodiment of the present invention, a cell management unit is connected to each battery pack, and the cell management unit manages the connected battery packs. Each battery pack contains a number of single cells connected in series or in parallel. The battery management unit is connected to external devices such as a vehicle or a charging device outside the battery pack through a hard-wired interface. A hard-wired interface generally refers to an interface that connects a device or system through a physical cable, as opposed to a wireless interface. They can transmit data, power or signals, such as USB, Ethernet, HDMI and other interface types.

[0084] In one embodiment, each battery cell management unit is respectively connected to at least one battery pack by wire, including: each battery cell management unit is connected to at least one battery pack via a preset connection method; wherein the preset connection method is FPC connection and FFC connection.

[0085] In an embodiment of the present invention, the cell management unit is connected to the managed battery pack through wired connection methods such as FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) connection and FFC (Flat Flexible Cable) connection. Although FPC connection and FFC connection are wire harness connections, compared with traditional wire harness connections, FPC and FFC connectors are usually very thin and soft, and can provide connections in a limited space. And due to the small number of connectors, FPC and FFC connectors are usually more reliable than traditional wire harness connections, reducing connection points and contact points where problems may occur. Compared with traditional wire harness connections, FPC and FFC connections have the advantages of higher space efficiency, light weight, good signal transmission quality, reliability and production efficiency.

[0086] In one embodiment, the battery cell management unit includes a front-end acquisition chip and a wireless communication chip; the front-end acquisition chip is used to collect the battery cell working data of the connected battery pack; wherein the battery cell working information includes voltage information and temperature information; the wireless communication chip is used to exchange data with the battery management unit according to control instructions.

[0087] In an embodiment of the present invention, the battery management unit includes a front-end acquisition chip and a wireless communication chip. Preferably, the battery management unit also includes power management, antenna communication, and chip crystal oscillator modules as function expansion modules of the battery management unit.

[0088] In one embodiment, the front-end acquisition chip includes a sampling and balancing module, a communication conversion module, a power conversion module and a chip diagnosis module; the sampling and balancing module is used to collect the cell working data of each single cell in the connected battery pack and the power supply at both ends of the connected battery pack; wherein, the sampling and balancing module is also used to perform cell balancing according to the balancing instruction issued by the cell management unit; the communication conversion module is used to receive control instructions and send and receive data; wherein, the communication conversion module performs serial communication with the wireless communication chip; the power conversion module is used to power the front-end acquisition chip; the chip diagnosis module is used to perform chip function diagnosis on the front-end acquisition chip.

[0089] See also Figure 6 , Figure 6The structure block diagram of a cell management unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In a cell management unit provided by the present invention, the front-end acquisition chip includes a sampling and balancing module, a communication conversion module, a power conversion module and a chip diagnosis module. The sampling and balancing module is used to collect the voltage information and temperature information of the single cell in the battery pack, as well as the total voltage at both ends of the battery pack. Cell balancing is performed based on the collected cell working information. Preferably, in an embodiment of the present invention, a voltage sensor connected to each cell is used, and these sensors monitor the voltage of each cell respectively. Then, the total voltage of the entire battery pack is monitored by the total voltage sensor connected to both ends of the battery pack. The temperature of each cell is detected using a temperature sensor installed near each cell. The temperature of the entire battery pack is monitored using temperature sensors installed at different positions of the battery pack to fully understand the thermal condition of the battery pack. Further, based on the collected voltage and temperature information, the cell management unit can calculate the state and energy distribution of each cell. Cell balancing is usually achieved by adjusting the charge and discharge state of each cell to ensure that the voltage and temperature of each cell during the charge and discharge process are maintained within a safe range. The communication conversion module is responsible for the communication connection between the front-end acquisition chip and the wireless communication chip, and communicates serially with the wireless communication chip through IIC, SPI, UART and other methods. IIC (Inter-Integrated Circuit), SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) and UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter) are different communication connection methods. The appropriate communication method can be selected according to specific needs to realize data transmission and device control. The communication conversion module is also used to collect relevant control instructions and send and receive data. The power conversion module is responsible for the power supply management of the front-end acquisition chip and provides various power rails for the work of the front-end acquisition chip. The chip diagnosis module is responsible for the chip function diagnosis of the front-end acquisition chip, realizing chip abnormality diagnosis and chip functional safety. Preferably, the chip diagnosis module collects the signals and data output by the chip by connecting to various pins or interfaces of the chip. These data may be voltage, current, signal waveform, etc. The collected signal data is parsed and analyzed to detect whether the working status and output of the chip meet the expected specifications. This involves appropriate processing and algorithm analysis of the data to identify possible functional abnormalities or faults.

[0090] In the embodiment of the present invention, the wireless communication chip in the battery management unit includes an internal power management module, a control management module, a radio frequency communication module, and a functional peripheral module. The internal power management module is responsible for managing and adjusting the power supply of each part of the chip, ensuring that each module can work stably under the appropriate voltage and current, and providing functions such as power switch, power regulation, and power monitoring to ensure that the entire chip can maintain good power efficiency and stability under different working conditions. The control management module is used to control the operation process and behavior of the entire chip, coordinate the communication and data transmission between each module, realize the analysis and processing of the communication protocol, data buffering, event scheduling, etc., to ensure that the chip can work in the expected manner. The radio frequency communication module is used to process the transceiver work related to the radio frequency signal, and is the core part of the wireless communication, including the modulation and demodulation, frequency synthesis, power control, antenna matching, etc. of the radio frequency signal, to ensure the stable transmission and reception of the signal. The functional peripheral module is used to provide additional functions and interfaces so that the chip can support specific application requirements, and may include various peripheral interfaces such as UART, SPI, I2C, GPIO, etc., as well as specific functional modules such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, temperature sensors, etc., to expand the functionality and application areas of the chip. Preferably, the wireless communication chip can use the currently more mature Bluetooth communication module or WIFI communication module, wherein the number of Bluetooth communication modules or WIFI communication modules can be selected according to the actual application of the battery management system, and the above two or one of them can also be configured according to the actual application. The Bluetooth communication module or the WIFI communication module includes an antenna and a communication antenna and a coding modulation circuit that can realize the bidirectional transmission function of wireless information sending and receiving.

[0091] In one embodiment, the battery management system based on wireless communication also includes a battery management unit, specifically: the battery management unit includes a high-voltage power supply conversion unit, a main communication unit and a main control management unit; the high-voltage power supply conversion unit is used to convert the high-voltage electricity output by the first battery pack into low-voltage electricity, so that the first battery pack can power each unit in the battery management system; the main control management unit is used to uniformly manage all units in the battery management unit, and realize data interaction and control between the battery management system and the whole vehicle based on the main communication unit; wherein, the main communication unit includes at least one communication module with a two-way transmission function.

[0092] See also Figure 7 , Figure 7The structure block diagram of a battery management unit provided in one embodiment of the present invention. A battery management unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes a high-voltage power supply conversion unit, a main communication unit and a main control management unit. The high-voltage power supply conversion unit is used to convert the high-voltage electricity of the battery pack obtained by connecting each battery pack in series into low-voltage electricity to power other modules. Different from the prior art that directly uses the lead-acid 12V of the whole vehicle to connect to the battery management unit through a wiring harness to power other management units, the embodiment of the present invention directly uses high-voltage power supply, which can save the 12V power supply harness. The function of the main communication unit is consistent with that of the wireless communication chip in the battery management unit, which is used to realize the two-way information exchange transmission between the battery management unit and the battery management unit. The current more mature Bluetooth communication module or WIFI communication module can be used. Similarly, the Bluetooth communication module or the WIFI communication module includes an antenna and a communication antenna and a coding modulation circuit that can realize the two-way transmission function of wireless information sending and receiving. The main control management unit is responsible for managing all module units in the battery management unit, and obtains relevant instructions of the whole vehicle through wireless communication, and then completes the data exchange and control between the battery management system and the whole vehicle based on wireless communication.

[0093] In one embodiment, the battery management unit also includes other auxiliary detection and control units, specifically: other auxiliary detection and control units are used to expand the functions of the battery management unit; wherein, other auxiliary detection and control units include a high-voltage circuit total pressure acquisition module, a high-voltage circuit current acquisition module and a high-voltage electrical component temperature monitoring module. These auxiliary detection and control modules provide more comprehensive information to the battery management unit by real-time monitoring of parameters such as the voltage, current and temperature of the battery pack, thereby achieving precise control and protection of the battery pack. By reasonably configuring and using these modules, the safety, stability and long life of the battery system can be ensured. The high-voltage circuit total pressure acquisition module is used to monitor the overall voltage level of the battery pack in real time to ensure that the battery pack operates within a safe range, collect the total voltage of the battery pack through a voltage sampling circuit and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and transmit the collected data to the battery management unit for processing and analysis. The high-voltage circuit current acquisition module is used to monitor the charge and discharge current of the battery pack in real time to control the charge and discharge process of the battery and protect the battery safety. The current signal of the battery pack is converted into a voltage signal through a current sensor or a resistor sampling circuit, and the ADC is used for acquisition, and then the collected current data is transmitted to the battery management unit for processing. The high-voltage electrical component temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature of each component inside the battery pack to prevent the battery from overheating or overcooling and causing safety hazards. Temperature sensors such as temperature sensors or thermistors can be used to monitor the temperature inside the battery pack, and the collected temperature data can be transmitted to the battery management unit for processing and analysis.

[0094] In one embodiment, the battery management unit is connected to the external device based on a hard-wired interface; and the user sends a control request to the battery management unit based on the external device.

[0095] In an embodiment of the present invention, a hardwire interface refers to a physical interface for connecting to an external device, mainly including: a serial port (UART) interface: for serial data transmission; an I2C interface: for communication between multiple devices; a CAN bus interface: widely used in control communications for automotive and industrial applications; a USB interface: for some data transmission and configuration occasions; an RS-232 / RS-485 interface: for long-distance communications and industrial standard settings. An external device refers to a device connected to the BMU, including a PC or mobile device, a data recording device, or a host computer system. A hardwire interface generally provides stronger signal transmission stability, has lower interference, and improves communication reliability compared to a wireless interface. A battery management system that uses a hardwire interface to connect to external devices not only improves the reliability and safety of the system, but also enables users to more conveniently control and acquire data. With this design, the needs of the battery management system in electric vehicles and other high-voltage battery applications can be better met.

[0096] An embodiment of the present invention provides a battery management system based on wireless communication. Wireless communication eliminates the need for a large number of wired connections and greatly simplifies the wiring requirements between the cell management unit and the battery management unit. This makes the installation of the entire battery pack easier and reduces the complexity of wiring. Through wireless communication, the cell management unit can send working data to the battery management unit in real time, facilitating rapid data exchange and feedback. This enables the battery management system to adapt to different working conditions more quickly and optimize charging and discharging strategies and cell balancing. Compared with traditional wired systems, battery management systems based on wireless communication can effectively simplify wiring, improve safety, reduce failure rates, reduce electromagnetic interference, and improve flexibility and scalability.

[0097] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method, characterized in that: include: Generate a plurality of communication paths according to the communication quality between the plurality of cell management units and the battery management unit; wherein each of the cell management units is used to collect the working data of the battery pack and send the working data to the battery management unit; Controlling the battery management unit to generate a control instruction based on the received working data, and forwarding the control instruction to each of the battery management units through the communication path; wherein the battery management unit communicates wirelessly with each of the battery management units; The cell management unit is controlled to perform cell management on the connected battery pack based on the received control instruction; wherein the cell management unit is connected to at least one battery pack, and each of the battery packs contains a plurality of single cells.

2. A wireless communication method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The generating of a plurality of communication paths according to the communication quality between the plurality of cell management units and the battery management unit specifically includes: Dividing the battery management unit into several quality batches according to the communication quality strength of each battery management unit; Establishing a first communication path between a first cell management unit in a first preset quality batch and the battery management unit; Establishing a second communication path between a second cell management unit in a second preset quality batch and the battery management unit, and selecting the second cell management unit as a relay node; Control the second battery cell management unit to receive the control instruction sent by the battery management unit and forward the control instruction to the third battery cell management unit in the third preset quality batch within the receiving range, and establish a third communication path based on the communication between the second battery cell management unit and the third battery cell management unit; wherein the communication quality strength of the third battery cell management unit is weaker than that of the second battery cell management unit.

3. A wireless communication method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The communication quality strength of the plurality of battery management units is divided into several quality batches, specifically including: Calculating the communication quality parameters of each of the battery management units; wherein the communication quality parameters include data packet error rate and signal strength; The communication quality parameter is compared with a preset communication quality parameter threshold, and the quality batch to which each battery cell management unit belongs is divided according to the comparison result.

4. A battery management system based on wireless communication, characterized in that: Used to execute the wireless communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising: a battery management unit and a cell management unit; Each of the battery management units is wiredly connected to at least one battery pack; wherein each of the battery packs is sequentially connected in series to obtain a first battery pack; Each of the cell management units communicates wirelessly with the battery management unit; wherein the battery management unit is connected to the first battery pack; The battery cell management unit is used to collect battery cell working data of the connected battery pack and balance the battery cells of the connected battery pack based on the collected battery cell working data; The battery management unit is used to send a control instruction to the battery management unit according to a control requirement sent by an external device; The cell management unit is also used to perform data exchange with the battery management unit according to the received control instructions.

5. A battery management system based on wireless communication as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the battery cell management units is connected to at least one battery pack by wire, including: Each of the battery cell management units is connected to at least one of the battery packs via a preset connection method; wherein the preset connection method is FPC connection and FFC connection.

6. A battery management system based on wireless communication as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The battery management unit includes a front-end acquisition chip and a wireless communication chip; The front-end acquisition chip is used to collect the battery cell working data of the connected battery pack; wherein the battery cell working information includes voltage information and temperature information; The wireless communication chip is used to perform data exchange with the battery management unit according to the control instruction.

7. A battery management system based on wireless communication as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The front-end acquisition chip includes a sampling and balancing module, a communication conversion module, a power conversion module and a chip diagnosis module; The sampling and balancing module is used to collect the cell working data of each single cell in the connected battery pack and the power supply at both ends of the connected battery pack; wherein the sampling and balancing module is also used to perform cell balancing according to the balancing instruction issued by the cell management unit; The communication conversion module is used to receive the control instruction and perform data transmission and reception; wherein the communication conversion module performs serial communication with the wireless communication chip; The power conversion module is used to supply power to the front-end acquisition chip; The chip diagnosis module is used to perform chip function diagnosis on the front-end acquisition chip.

8. A battery management system based on wireless communication as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The battery management system based on wireless communication also includes a battery management unit, specifically: The battery management unit includes a high voltage power supply conversion unit, a main communication unit and a main control management unit; The high-voltage power supply conversion unit is used to convert the high-voltage power output by the first battery pack into low-voltage power, so that the first battery pack can supply power to each unit in the battery management system; The main control management unit is used to uniformly manage all units in the battery management unit, and realize data interaction and control between the battery management system and the entire vehicle based on the main communication unit; wherein the main communication unit includes at least one communication module with a two-way transmission function.

9. A battery management system based on wireless communication as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The battery management unit also includes other auxiliary detection and control units, specifically: The other auxiliary detection and control units are used to expand the functions of the battery management unit; wherein, the other auxiliary detection and control units include a high-voltage circuit total pressure acquisition module, a high-voltage circuit current acquisition module and a high-voltage electrical component temperature monitoring module.

10. A battery management system based on wireless communication as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The battery management unit is connected to an external device based on a hard-wired interface; a user sends a control request to the battery management unit based on the external device.

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