Karst mountain ecological restoration and landscape building method

Abstract

The invention discloses a karst mountain ecological restoration and landscape building method, and particularly relates to the field of ecological restoration. Comprising the following steps: selecting robust hypericum monogynum cutting seedlings for later use; bare rock areas with soil at the foot of a karst rock mountain, two sides of a road and stone nests are selected as planting points; before spring buds germinate, soil balls are not loosened, nutrition bags are removed, pruning is conducted after soil returning, and root fixing water is sprayed thoroughly; weeding, soil loosening and fertilization management and protection are performed after one month. Carrying out pruning once and carrying out tending management after pruning at the initial reproductive growth stage of the first year of field planting, respectively carrying out pruning once before germination and after flowering in the second year and spring, and carrying out tending management after pruning and in the flowering period. By the adoption of the technical scheme, the effects of plump hypericum monogynum plant type, row planting and row closing and full tree golden flower can be achieved after planting is conducted for more than one year, the problem of how to conduct restoration and landscape building on the karst rocky desertification mountain land which is thin in soil layer and extremely prone to water and soil loss is solved, and the dual effects of karst ecological restoration and landscape building are rapidly achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a method for ecological restoration and landscape creation in karst mountains. Background Art

[0002] The karst landform in southern China is one of the most spectacular wet tropical-subtropical karst landscapes in the world. It contains the most important karst landform types, tower karst, spire karst and cone karst formations, with clusters of green peaks and strange rocks everywhere, and has many natural tourism development resources. The soil layer thickness of karst landform is uneven and discontinuous, making it difficult to form surface ecological space, while the space used by plants for growth is complex and diverse, and the roots mainly look for soil and water along the cracks on the surface of the rock structure.

[0003] The long-term and intense chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks has made the soil layer of karst mountains shallow and discontinuous, and it is extremely difficult for vegetation to recover naturally once it is destroyed. The reclamation and planting of mountains in karst areas and the construction of roads and other projects have led to the destruction of native vegetation, the exposure of rocks and soil, and the patchy rocky desertification of karst mountains, which has seriously affected the ecological environment and tourist landscape.

[0004] Hypericum monogynum L. is an evergreen or deciduous shrub of the Hypericaceae family. It has strong adaptability, a well-developed root system, strong ability to sprout and sprout, and is resistant to pruning. The buds and petals of Hypericum are spherical, just like a peach blossom, and the middle part of the flower has a bunch of golden stamens, which are as bright as golden silk, gorgeous and lovely. In midsummer, the yellow flowers are dense. It is a good ornamental flower and tree. It can be cultivated as a hedge, or planted in groups or alone. At the same time, it is also a good folk medicine.

[0005] The existing karst rocky desertification control mainly focuses on ecological restoration, and rarely takes into account landscape beautification. In view of the weak production function of karst rocky mountains and the strong potential for tourism value development, the selection of suitable ornamental plants for vegetation restoration, soil and water conservation and landscape beautification of damaged karst mountain areas is an important technical link in the ecological restoration of karst rocky desertification mountains.

[0006] Hypericum has strong ecological adaptability and ornamental value, and has been used in ecological restoration and garden landscape, but there is still a lack of rapid landscape construction technology in karst ecological restoration. How to use Hypericum to quickly improve the soil erosion resistance and create ornamental landscape in karst rocky desertification mountains with thin soil layers and extremely easy to lose soil and water has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention aims to provide a method for ecological restoration and landscape construction of karst mountains, which solves the problem of how to repair and landscape construction of karst rocky desertified mountains with thin soil layers and extremely easy to soil erosion.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for ecological restoration and landscape construction in karst mountains, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Seedling selection: Select healthy 2-year-old cup-shaped Hypericum perforatum cuttings with more than 3 basal branches, plant height above 30 cm, and basically the same growth state for standby;

[0010] S2. Planting site: Select the foot of karst stone mountains with sufficient sunlight, both sides of roads, and bare rock areas with soil in stone pits as planting points. For stone pits, select the parts with cracks at the bottom for planting;

[0011] S3. Dig planting pits: The arrangement method of planting pits is determined according to the on-site soil and rock distribution, and row planting, patch planting or single planting can be carried out;

[0012] S4. Planting: In early February in spring, apply 2 kg of base fertilizer per planting pit and mix it with the soil; loosen the soil ball without loosening, remove the nutrient bag, plant 2 plants per hole, place them side by side in the center of the pit at a spacing of 5 cm, and immediately prune the planted seedlings after backfilling the soil. Keep the whole plant at a height of 15 cm, and then pour sufficient root-fixing water;

[0013] S5. Initial cultivation and management after planting: One month after planting, pull out the weeds within a radius of 20 cm from the plant, loosen the soil to a depth of 10 cm, rake the top 5 cm of soil, avoid basal branches, and apply 100 g of compound fertilizer per plant, and then backfill the soil and pour sufficient water.

[0014] Further, in step S3, dig planting pits with dimensions of 30 cm×30 cm×40 cm. When row planting and patch planting, the plant spacing is 80 cm×100 cm, and when patch planting, the rows are arranged in a "pin" shape.

[0015] Through the above settings, after the overall restoration, it can achieve a well-proportioned level, which is conducive to soil and water conservation and the formation of beauty.

[0016] Further, in step S4, the base fertilizer for planting Hypericum perforatum is a compound microbial fertilizer, in which the effective viable bacteria count ≥ 0.20 billion / g, the total nutrient content is 10%, and the organic matter content ≥ 20%. Through the above settings, it can continuously and slowly provide nutrients for the plants.

[0017] Further, it also includes step S6. Pruning and management during the growth period: Conduct pruning and post-pruning cultivation and management once during the initial stage of reproductive growth in the first year after planting. In the second year, conduct pruning once before spring germination and after flowering respectively, and conduct cultivation and management after pruning and during the flowering period. The specific methods are as follows:

[0018] S6.1. Pruning during the flowering period in the first year: When a small number of branches show flower buds in the year of planting, prune the whole plant to a height of 40 cm; immediately weed and apply topdressing in holes after pruning;

[0019] S6.2. Management after pruning in the first year of flowering: When the new shoots grow to 20 cm, spray foliar fertilizer on the leaves and apply topdressing fertilizer to the root holes to promote rapid growth of summer and autumn shoots;

[0020] S6.3. Pruning before budding in the second year: Before new shoots sprout in February of the second year, remove dead and weak branches and then prune the whole plant to a height of 60 cm; weed and apply topdressing fertilizer immediately after pruning;

[0021] S6.4. Management and care during the flowering period in the second year: In May of the second year, weeding and topdressing should be carried out before the buds appear on the Hypericum. After the buds appear in June, potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed on the leaves to promote the flowering of Hypericum.

[0022] S6.5. Pruning and care after flowering in the second year: After the flowering period, immediately prune away withered inflorescences, old branches, and diseased and insect-infested branches. Apply topdressing fertilizer to the holes after pruning to promote the sprouting of new branches and the growth of more new flower buds in the next year. After that, prune and apply topdressing fertilizer once before the spring shoots sprout and after flowering each year.

[0023] Through the above arrangement, the germination of basal branches and branches can be increased, making the plant full and blooming in large quantities.

[0024] Furthermore, in steps S6.2 and S6.4, the foliar fertilizer sprayed is a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, the spraying frequency is once every 15 days, for a total of 2 times, and the amount used is such that the leaves are moistened but not gathered into water droplets.

[0025] Through the above arrangement, the solution can be fully absorbed, photosynthesis is improved and flowering is promoted.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S6, each time the Hypericum is planted, a 10 cm deep circular pit is dug at a radius of 25 cm on both sides of the plant for fertilization. 100 g of compound fertilizer is spread on each plant, avoiding the base branches, and then covered with soil and watered thoroughly.

[0027] Through the above arrangement, it is possible to avoid the situation where fertilizers damage the root system.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, this solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] This scheme takes advantage of the characteristics of Hypericum that it has strong ability to sprout and grow after pruning, has large shrub density, high biomass, and abundant litter, and can effectively intercept and store precipitation. In early spring, two-year-old Hypericum cuttings with many basal branches are used. After planting in the karst stone mountain, they are immediately dwarfed and pruned as a whole plant, and topdressing is applied in holes to promote rapid sprouting of tillers and branches. When a small number of new branches bud, the whole plant is dwarfed and pruned for the second time. After the new shoots stretch, the germination of a large number of summer and autumn shoots is promoted by spraying foliar fertilizers and topdressing in holes. Then, the summer and autumn shoots of the whole plant are pruned again in the early spring of the second year, and weeding and fertilization are immediately carried out to promote rapid sprouting of tillers and branches. In June of the same year, the rows of Hypericum planted in rows can be closed to produce a large number of basal branches and branches, which can quickly play a role in cooling, intercepting and storing precipitation, and reducing soil erosion, with significant ecological benefits. This is the flowering period of Hypericum, and through nutrient management during the flowering period, a large number of inflorescences sprout from the branches and basal branches, and the single flowers gradually open, with a flowering period of more than one month. Hypericum has beautiful flowers and leaves, golden petals, and a large number of stamens, which are as slender as golden threads, gorgeous and lovely, and are integrated with the karst landscape, creating an interesting contrast and an excellent landscape effect. At the same time, it has achieved the dual effects of ecological restoration and landscape creation of karst stone mountains. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a picture of Hypericum perforatum seedlings in a method for ecological restoration and landscape construction of karst mountain areas of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a picture of a solitary Hypericum planted in a method for ecological restoration and landscape construction of karst mountain areas of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a picture of Hypericum roadside planting in a karst mountain ecological restoration and landscape construction method of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a picture of Hypericum planted at the foot of a mountain in a method for ecological restoration and landscape construction of karst mountains of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a picture of Hypericum perforatum bare rock slice planting in a karst mountain ecological restoration and landscape creation method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention is further described in detail below through specific embodiments:

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A method for ecological restoration and landscape construction in karst mountains, in which a single cup of Hypericum is cultivated without pruning and planting, comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1. Seedling selection: Figure 1As shown, select healthy Hypericum cup seedlings that have been propagated by cuttings for 2 years, are robust, have more than 3 basal branches, and a plant height of more than 30 cm.

[0039] S2. Planting location: Select sunny karst stone mountains, the foot of the mountains, both sides of the roads, and exposed rock areas with soil in stone pits in Sian Village, Jiahui Town, Gongcheng County, Guilin City and Daling Village, Xiling Town as planting sites. For stone pits, select sites with cracks at the bottom for planting.

[0040] S3. Dig planting pits: The arrangement of the planting pits is carried out according to the on-site soil and rock distribution. Feasible row planting, patch planting or single planting (as Figure 2-5 shown). When row planting and patch planting, the row spacing of the planting holes is 80 cm × 100 cm. When patch planting, the rows are arranged in a "pin" shape. When the soil area is large, dig planting pits with a size of 30 cm × 30 cm × 40 cm.

[0041] S4. Planting: In the early spring of February, apply 2 kg of base fertilizer per pit in the dug planting pits and mix it with the soil. The base fertilizer used in this step is a compound microbial fertilizer, in which the effective viable bacteria count ≥ 0.20 billion / g, the total nutrient content is 10%, and the organic matter content ≥ 20%. When planting, remove the bag, protect the soil ball well, plant 1 plant in the center of each pit, backfill the topsoil, and then pour enough root-fixing water.

[0042] S5. Cultivation and management: One month after planting, with the plant as the center, remove the weeds within a radius of 20 cm and loosen the soil to a depth of 10 cm. After raking open the top 5 cm of soil, scatter 100 g of compound fertilizer per plant, avoiding the basal branches, and then cover it with the raked top 5 cm of soil, and pour enough water.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The difference between this example and Example 1 is only that: in this example, Hypericum double-cup non-pruning planting cultivation is adopted, that is, when planting, this example uses 2 cup seedlings in one pit, placed side by side in the center of the pit with a spacing of 5 cm.

[0045] The remaining steps and methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] The difference between this example and Example 1 is only that: in this example, Hypericum single-cup pruning planting cultivation is adopted, that is, when planting, after backfilling the soil in this example, prune the withered and weak branches, and prune the planted seedlings. Keep the whole plant at a height of 15 cm, and then pour enough root-fixing water, which can promote the germination of basal branches and branches as early as possible.

[0048] The remaining steps and methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that this embodiment adopts the double-cup pruning and planting cultivation of Hypericum, that is, when planting, this embodiment adopts 2 cup seedlings in one pit, and places them side by side in the center of the pit with a spacing of 5 cm. After planting and returning the soil, the dead and weak branches are trimmed, and the planted seedlings are pruned. The height of the whole plant is retained at 15 cm, and then water is poured to establish rooting.

[0051] The remaining steps and methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0052] After 4 months of constant value (i.e., the first year of flowering) using the methods of Examples 1-4, the growth conditions of Hypericum plants under different treatments were obtained as shown in Table 1 below.

[0053] Table 1. Growth of Hypericum plants under different treatments

[0054]

[0055] From Table 1 above, we can see that, regardless of single-cup or double-cup planting, 4 months after planting, the number of basal branches (root and stem branches) and branches (all branches above 20 cm) of the plants pruned at planting are nearly twice that of the corresponding unpruned plants, and the crown width is also larger than that of the unpruned plants. Due to re-sprouting after pruning, the height of the pruned plants is lower than that of the corresponding unpruned plants, and there are no inflorescences, while the unpruned plants have a small amount of inflorescences, indicating that Hypericum has obvious apical dominance and has strong sprouting and branching capabilities after pruning and planting.

[0056] Regardless of whether Hypericum is pruned or not when transplanted, 4 months after transplanting, the number of basal branches and branches of the double-cup plants are nearly twice that of the corresponding single-cup plants, the crown width and number of inflorescences are also larger than those of the single-cup plants, while the difference in plant height is not much.

[0057] Example 5

[0058] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 4 is that this embodiment also includes step S6, pruning and management during the growth period: pruning and nurturing management are performed once in the early reproductive growth period of the first year after planting, and pruning is performed once before budding and after flowering in the second year, and nurturing management is performed after pruning and during the flowering period. The specific method is as follows:

[0059] S6.1. Pruning during the first flowering period: When a small number of branches and buds appear after pruning and planting, prune for the second time, and keep the height of the whole plant at 40cm. Weed immediately after pruning, and dig a 10cm deep circular pit with a radius of 25cm on both sides of the plant for fertilization. Sprinkle 100g of compound fertilizer on each plant, avoiding the base branches, and then cover with soil and water thoroughly.

[0060] S6.2. Care after pruning during the first year of flowering: When the new shoots pruned during the flowering period grow to about 20 cm, apply topdressing fertilizer to the root holes and spray the leaves with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice, once every 15 days, to promote rapid growth of summer and autumn shoots.

[0061] S6.3. Pruning before budding in the second year: Before the new shoots of Hypericum sprout in February of the second year, first remove the dead branches and weak branches, then prune the whole plant, and keep the height of the whole plant at 60cm. As with the second pruning, weed and apply topdressing fertilizer immediately after pruning.

[0062] S6.4. Management during the flowering period in the second year: Weed and apply fertilizer in holes before buds appear in May of the second year. After buds appear in June, spray the leaves with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice, once every 15 days, to promote massive flowering.

[0063] S6.5. Pruning and maintenance after flowering in the second year: After the flowering period, prune the withered inflorescences and cut off the old branches and branches with diseases and insects. Apply fertilizer to the holes after pruning to promote the germination of new branches so that more new flower buds can be sprouted next year. After that, prune and apply fertilizer once before the spring shoots sprout and after flowering each year.

[0064] Example 6

[0065] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the cultivation method of Hypericum perforatum during the growth period in this embodiment is different, that is, no pruning before budding in the second year is performed, but weeding and hole-applying fertilizer are performed.

[0066] The other steps and methods are the same as those in Example 5.

[0067] Example 7

[0068] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the cultivation method of Hypericum perforatum during the growth period of this embodiment is different, that is, no pruning is performed during the first year of flowering, but weeding and hole-applying fertilizer are performed.

[0069] The other steps and methods are the same as those in Example 5.

[0070] Example 8

[0071] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the cultivation method of Hypericum perforatum during the growth period of this embodiment is different, that is, no pruning during the flowering period of the first year and no pruning before budding in the second year are performed, but weeding and hole-applying fertilizer are performed.

[0072] The other steps and methods are the same as those in Example 5.

[0073] After 16 months of constant value (i.e., the second year of flowering) using the methods of Examples 5-8, the growth conditions of Hypericum plants under different cultivation methods were obtained as shown in Table 2 below.

[0074] Table 2. Growth of Hypericum plants under different cultivation methods

[0075]

[0076] Table 2 shows that after pruning and planting, the number of basal branches, number of branches, number of inflorescences and crown width of Hypericum were higher than those of other treatments when pruned during the first year of flowering and February of the second year. The value of the treatment without pruning during the first year of flowering and February of the second year was the lowest, while the value of the treatment with pruning during the first year of flowering was higher than that of the treatment with pruning in February of the second year. This further shows that Hypericum has strong ability to sprout suckers and branches after pruning, and dwarfing pruning before budding in early spring and after flowering is beneficial to promote the sprouting of new branches and flowering in the next year.

[0077] After Hypericum pruning and planting, the highest value was when no pruning was performed during the first flowering period and February of the second year, and the lowest value was when pruning was performed during both the first flowering period and February of the second year. The value of pruning during the first flowering period was higher than that of pruning in February of the second year.

[0078] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structures and / or characteristics in the scheme are not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration and landscape construction in karst mountains, characterized by: It includes the following steps: S1. Selection of seedlings: Select robust 2-year-old cup-shaped Hypericum perforatum cutting seedlings with more than 3 basal branches, plant height over 30 cm and basically the same growth status for standby; S2. Planting site: Select the foot of karst rocky mountains with sufficient sunlight, both sides of roads and exposed rocky areas with soil in rock cavities as planting sites. For rock cavities, select the parts with fissures at the bottom for planting; S3. Dig planting pits: The arrangement of planting pits is carried out in row planting, patch planting or single-plant planting according to the distribution of the on-site soil and rocks; S4. Planting: In early February in spring, apply 2 kg of base fertilizer per planting pit and mix it evenly with the soil; loosen the soil ball without loosening and remove the nutrient bag. Plant 2 plants per hole, place them side by side in the center of the pit with a spacing of 5 cm, immediately prune the planted seedlings after backfilling the soil, keep the whole plant at a height of 15 cm, and then pour sufficient root-fixing water; S5. Initial tending and management after planting: One month after planting, pull out the weeds within a radius of 20 cm from the plant, loosen the soil to a depth of 10 cm, rake the top 5 cm of soil, and apply 100 g of compound fertilizer per plant while avoiding basal branches, and then backfill the soil and pour sufficient water; 2. A karst mountain ecological restoration and landscape construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, dig planting pits with dimensions of 30 cm×30 cm×40 cm. When carrying out row planting and patch planting, the plant spacing is 80 cm×100 cm, and the rows are arranged in a "pin" shape during patch planting.

3. A karst mountain ecological restoration and landscape construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the base fertilizer for planting Hypericum perforatum is compound microbial fertilizer, in which the effective viable bacteria count ≥ 0.20 billion / g, the total nutrient content is 10%, and the organic matter content ≥ 20%.

4. A method for ecological restoration and landscape construction of karst mountains according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: It also includes step S6. Pruning and management during the growth period: Conduct pruning and post-pruning tending and management once during the initial stage of reproductive growth in the first year after planting. In the second year, conduct pruning twice respectively before the spring bud germination and after flowering, and conduct tending and management after pruning and during the flowering period. The specific methods are as follows: S6.

1. Pruning during the first-year flowering period: When a small number of branches show flower buds in the year of planting, prune the whole plant to a height of 40 cm; immediately remove weeds and apply topdressing in holes after pruning; S6.

2. Management after pruning during the first-year flowering period: When the new shoots after pruning grow to 20 cm, spray foliar fertilizer on the leaves and apply topdressing in holes to promote the rapid growth of summer and autumn shoots; S6.

3. Pruning before the second-year bud germination: Before the new shoots germinate in February of the second year, remove the withered and weak branches and then prune the whole plant to a height of 60 cm; immediately remove weeds and apply topdressing in holes after pruning; S6.

4. Management during the second-year flowering period: In May of the second year, remove weeds and apply topdressing in holes before Hypericum perforatum shows flower buds. After it shows flower buds in June, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves to promote the abundant flowering of Hypericum perforatum; S6.

5. Pruning and management after flowering in the second year: After the flowering period, immediately prune off the withered inflorescences, withered and old branches and diseased and insect branches, and apply topdressing in holes after pruning to promote the germination of new branches and more new flower buds in the coming year; afterwards, conduct pruning and topdressing once each before the spring shoots germinate and after flowering every year.

5. A karst mountain ecological restoration and landscape construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In steps S6.2 and S6.4, the foliar fertilizer sprayed is a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, the spraying frequency is once every 15 days for a total of 2 times, and the dosage is to make the leaves moist but not form water droplets.

6. A karst mountain ecological restoration and landscape construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S6, each time topdressing is applied in holes after planting Hypericum perforatum, take the plant as the center, dig 10-cm-deep circular pits at a radius of 25 cm on both sides of the plant for fertilization, apply 100 g of compound fertilizer per plant while avoiding basal branches, and then cover the soil and pour sufficient water.

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