Safe and efficient flower and fruit protecting complexing agent for eggplants and preparation method of safe and efficient flower and fruit protecting complexing agent

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of eggplant flower and fruit protecting complexing agents, and discloses a safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit protecting complexing agent which takes purified water as a carrier and further comprises the following components in concentration: 50 to 80 ppm of naphthylacetic acid, 8 to 30 ppm of gibberellin, 0.03 to 0.2 ppm of modified brassinolide, 0.03 to 0.05 ppm of willow bark extract, 8 to 30 ppm of p-chlorophenylacetamide, 30 to 75 ppm of boric acid, 50 to 200 ppm of bactericide, 50 to 300 ppm of insecticide, 1 to 200 ppm of emulsifier and 1 to 300 ppm of color developing pigment. The safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit protection complexing agent provides nutrients and hormones for fruit growth and development, adjusts tree vigor, regulates nutrient and hormone balance, reduces flower and fruit drop, reduces labor cost, improves eggplant yield, improves fruit quality, and is simple and easy to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of eggplant flower and fruit preserving composite agents, and more specifically discloses a safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit preserving composite agent and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] eggplant( Solanum melongena L.) As one of the important nightshade vegetables, it is a major vegetable variety in summer. China is the world's largest producer and consumer of eggplant, accounting for 63.9% of the world's total eggplant production in 2021. With the intensification of China's high-quality and high-standard agricultural process and the demand for year-round supply, the area of ​​eggplant facility cultivation has increased year by year. However, the relatively closed microenvironment of the greenhouse restricts pollinators such as insects and wind pollinators, reduces the pollination efficiency of vegetable crops, and leads to poor fruit setting and low fruit set rate.

[0003] With the development of biotechnology, people have learned about the structure and mechanism of action of natural plant hormones and have used artificially synthesized substances with similar physiological and biological effects to plant hormones in agricultural production, effectively regulating the growth process of crops, achieving stable and increased production, improving quality, and enhancing crop resistance. The commonly used anther application for Solanaceae is 2,4-D20-30 mg / L + gibberellin 10-20 mg / L + 0.1% 50% succinyl (or carbendazim) wettable powder. Apply the liquid to the flowers in the early and full flowering periods, one flower at a time, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate. Zhao Dongfeng and others used 40-60 mg / kg anti-drop agent + 50 mg / kg gibberellin + 0.1% succinyl + a little iron red powder or other non-toxic pigments, and applied the liquid to the base of the buds (pedicels and sepals) that have not yet bloomed but have turned white on the day of flowering with a brush to promote fruit setting. On the day of flowering, use 2,4-D 20-30 mg / L or tomato spirit 25-50 mg / kg, add pigment and apply to the flower stalk, adjust the concentration according to the temperature, and promote flower and fruit preservation. However, when the concentration of 2,4-D is less than 0.001%, it stimulates plant growth, and when it is greater than 0.01%, it inhibits plant growth. In the actual production process, it is very easy to produce hormone poisoning, resulting in curling of crop leaves, petioles and stem tips, thickening of stem base, root hair defects, and affected absorption and conduction of water and nutrients; in severe cases, crops die of dehydration due to severe inhibition of root growth. In addition, because 2,4-D is volatile and has the risk of endocrine disruption to the human body, my country issued Announcement No. 2445, stating that from September 7, 2016, no relevant applications for 2,4-D will be accepted; from January 29, 2021, the production and supply of 2,4-D will be completely stopped in China; from January 29, 2023, the operation and use of 2,4-D butyl ester products will be stopped. Gibberellins increase the content of auxin in plants, which directly regulates cell elongation and promotes the production of cytokinins, regulating cell division and enlargement. However, low concentrations of gibberellins can easily cause fruit stunting and deformity, while high concentrations can easily cause fruit cracking and lateral bud dormancy, affecting yield. At the same time, applying the drug solution to the fruit stalk or stigma is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inefficient, which seriously restricts the industrial development and upgrading of greenhouse eggplants.

[0004] The eggplant flower and fruit protection composite agent invented in Chinese patent application No. 201310211818.3 uses BR 0.05-0.1ppm, GA 8-15ppm, B 40-50ppm, PCPA 8-15ppm, manganese sulfate 200-250ppm, potassium permanganate 200-250ppm, ferrous sulfate 100-150ppm, boric acid 50-60ppm and streptomycin sulfate 150-200ppm aqueous solution to spray on the flower spike through a small sprayer within 20 days after the full flowering period; GA 15ppm, 80% NAA 10ppm, jasmonic acid 8ppm, salicylic acid 8ppm, boric acid 150ppm, magnesium sulfate 150ppm, zinc sulfate 150ppm, potassium permanganate 150ppm and cypermethrin wettable powder 250ppm aqueous solution are used to spray on the young fruits in the early stage of eggplant fruit expansion. Although the invention can improve production efficiency by dipping flowers with a small sprayer, effectively improve fruit setting rate and product quality by adding medium and trace elements such as high manganese sulfate, potassium manganate and ferrous sulfate, and effectively prevent and control bacterial diseases of eggplant after dipping flowers with streptomycin sulfate and cypermethrin, it needs to be operated twice for the same flower, which has low production efficiency and benefits. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a low-cost and efficient eggplant flower and fruit preservation compound agent to promote the development and upgrading of the facility eggplant industry. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit preserving compound agent and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems of low production efficiency and benefit of the current compound agent.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses the following technical solutions: A safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit protection compound agent, the compound agent uses purified water as a carrier, and also includes the following concentrations: 50-80 ppm of naphthaleneacetic acid, 8-30 ppm of gibberellin, 0.03-0.2 ppm of modified brassinolide, 0.03-0.05 ppm of willow bark extract, 8-30 ppm of anti-drop agent, 30-75 ppm of boric acid, 50-200 ppm of fungicide, 50-300 ppm of insecticide, 1-200 ppm of emulsifier and 1-300 ppm of color pigment; The modified brassinolide is an acetal compound of 2,4-epibrassinolide, and its preparation method is as follows: 2,4-epibrassinolide is dissolved in 10 times the mass volume of acetone, activated carbon-supported zirconium sulfate is added, heated under reflux and stirred for 2 hours, filtered, and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at 40°C; The willow bark extract is prepared by crushing the dry willow bark, adding ethanol at 50° C. and stirring for 4 hours, filtering, and evaporating to dryness at 45° C. under reduced pressure.

[0007] Preferably, the naphthylacetic acid is one or more of 1-naphthylacetic acid and 2-naphthylacetic acid (β-naphthylacetic acid).

[0008] Preferably, the gibberellin is one or more of GA3, GA4, and GA7.

[0009] Preferably, the anti-drop agent is one or more of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.

[0010] Preferably, the fungicide is one or more of boscalid, iprodione, fludioxonil, procymidone and ningnanmycin.

[0011] Preferably, the insecticide is one or more of any combination of ethyl trimethoprim, spirotetramat, dinotefuran, avermectin, bifenthrin, flonicamid, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid.

[0012] Preferably, the emulsifier is one of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether series emulsifier, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, Nongru 700#, Span-60#, Tween-60#, or any combination of any two or more thereof.

[0013] Preferably, the color developer is Sildenafil seed coating suspension, various suspension seed coating agents with obvious colors, various mineral pigments with obvious colors, or any combination of multiple thereof.

[0014] A method for preparing a safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit preserving composite agent comprises the following steps: S1. Mix plant growth regulators (naphthaleneacetic acid, gibberellins, modified brassinolide, anti-drop agent) with water until the appearance is transparent and set aside.

[0015] S2, the fungicide, insecticide, willow bark extract and water are mixed and stirred evenly, and boric acid is added for standby use; if the fungicide and insecticide are emulsions or suspensions, one or any two or any combination of two or more of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether series emulsifier, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, agricultural milk 700#, Span-60#, Tween-60# can be added to emulsify the agent; S3. Add the aqueous solution prepared in step S1 to the sample prepared in step S2 while stirring, stir evenly, add color pigment as needed, and stir thoroughly for 10 to 30 minutes to obtain the finished product.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The naphthylacetic acid (NAA) used in the present invention is a synthetic hormone-based plant growth regulator that can be used as a substitute for auxin (IAA). Spraying NAA can stimulate the ovary and ovules with sufficient auxin, thereby expanding and forming normal fruits. Compared with the related products of 2,4-D, which drip on the leaves and cause hormone toxicity to the leaves, manifested as leaf curling or growth stagnation of young leaves, after spraying the flower spike with an appropriate concentration of NAA, the leaves will not be toxic to the hormone, and no delicate operation is required, saving time and effort.

[0017] (2) The small amount of gibberellin (GA3) used in the present invention can promote the elongation of pedicels, fruit stalks and ovaries, promote the synthesis of amylase, inhibit the production of IAA oxidase, thereby preventing the decomposition of IAA and accelerating the growth and development of young fruits; effectively shorten the development time of the fruit and make the flesh more tender; for long eggplant varieties, it can increase the length of the fruit, improve the commercial quality and increase the economic benefits.

[0018] (3) The modified brassinolide (BR) used in the present invention can adjust the distribution direction of photosynthetic products, so that organic nutrients are distributed to disadvantaged flowers and young fruits, thereby greatly reducing the phenomenon of flower and fruit drop caused by insufficient nutrition. BR can also significantly improve the stress resistance of crops and minimize the impact of adverse environments such as low or high temperatures during flowering and fruit setting. After absorption, the modified brassinolide needs to be transformed in the plant body to exert its effect. The time required for the transformation in the body is different for different modification sites, which increases its effective period.

[0019] (4) The anti-drop agent (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) used in the present invention is sprayed together with the boron (B) element to promote the fruit flowering and shedding in continuous rainy weather or in winter, greatly reducing the manual picking of flowers and reducing the occurrence of gray mold disease that causes fruit rot.

[0020] (5) The willow bark extract used in the present invention contains natural ingredients such as salicylic acid, which effectively improves the stress resistance of crops and plays an effective role in fruit ripening and preservation. Fungicides such as procymidone can further reduce the occurrence of gray mold caused by high humidity and poor ventilation. Insecticides such as spinetoram and spirocyclobutan can be added to reduce the damage of thrips and red spider mites to flower spikes and young fruits, thereby increasing yield and fruit commercial quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall preparation process of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction for preparing the modified brassinolide of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by way of embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments.

[0024] Embodiment 1

[0025] A safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit preservation compound agent, according to Figure 1 Prepared as shown: (1) Mix 67 mg of naphthaleneacetic acid, 18 mg of gibberellin, 0.08 mg of modified brassinolide, and 20 mg of anti-drop agent with 500 ml of purified water and stir until the appearance is transparent and set aside; wherein, the preparation principle of modified brassinolide is as follows: Figure 2 As shown; (2) Mix 120 mg of procymidone, 70 mg of spinetoram, and 3 mg of willow bark extract with 500 ml of purified water, stir evenly, add 45 mg of boric acid, and add 20 mg of Tween-60# to emulsify the agent and set aside; (3) Add the aqueous solution prepared in step (1) to the sample prepared in step (2) while stirring, stir evenly, add 100 mg of Cialis, and stir thoroughly for 10 minutes to obtain the finished product.

[0026] The application method is: when the opening quantity of single flowers in the eggplant inflorescence reaches about 70%, use a small sprayer containing the flower and fruit preserving compound to spray the flower buds so that the mist droplets cover the flowers without dripping.

[0027] Embodiment 2

[0028] A safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit preservation compound agent, according to Figure 1 Prepared as shown: (1) Mix 60 mg of naphthaleneacetic acid, 10 mg of gibberellin, 0.05 mg of modified brassinolide, and 10 mg of anti-drop agent with 500 ml of purified water and stir until the appearance is transparent and set aside; wherein, the preparation principle of modified brassinolide is as follows: Figure 2 As shown; (2) Mix 100 mg of fludioxonil, 60 mg of spirotetramat, 4 mg of willow bark extract and 500 ml of purified water, stir evenly, add 40 mg of boric acid, and add 20 mg of Tween-60# to emulsify the agent and set aside; (3) Add the aqueous solution prepared in step (1) to the sample prepared in step (2) while stirring, stir evenly, and stir thoroughly for 10 minutes to obtain the finished product.

[0029] The application method is: when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 30℃, and the opening quantity of single flowers in the eggplant inflorescence reaches about 70%, use a small sprayer containing a flower and fruit preservation compound to spray the flower buds so that the mist droplets cover the flowers without dripping.

[0030] Embodiment 3

[0031] A safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit preservation compound agent, according to Figure 1 Prepared as shown: (1) Mix 75 mg of naphthaleneacetic acid, 26 mg of gibberellin, 0.15 mg of modified brassinolide, 25 mg of anti-drop agent and 500 ml of purified water until the appearance is transparent and set aside; wherein, the preparation principle of modified brassinolide is as follows: Figure 2 As shown; (2) Mix 120 mg of procymidone, 80 mg of spinetoram, and 5 mg of willow bark extract with 500 ml of purified water, stir evenly, add 60 mg of boric acid, and add 20 mg of Tween-60# to emulsify the agent and set aside; (3) Add the aqueous solution prepared in step (1) to the sample prepared in step (2) while stirring, stir evenly, add 100 mg of iron ore red powder, and stir thoroughly for 10 minutes to obtain the finished product.

[0032] The application method is: when the temperature in the greenhouse is below 25℃, and the opening quantity of single flowers in the eggplant inflorescence reaches about 70%, use a small sprayer containing a flower and fruit preservation compound to spray the flower buds so that the mist droplets cover the flowers without dripping.

[0033] The above-mentioned Example 1 and Example 2 were compared with the commercially available 25ppm tomatoling solution and Dong's*Haoxi (eggplant) anthers. The experimental site was selected in the experimental base of the National Vegetable Quality Standard Center (Ganzhou) Branch Center, the early spring "Spring Eggplant No. 10" purple-red long eggplant variety. The sample treatment settings were: A. Uniform spray of clean water; B. Uniform spray of Example 1; C. Uniform spray of Example 2; D. Apply clean water to the pedicel; E. Apply 25ppm tomatoling solution to the pedicel; F. Apply Dong's*Haoxi (eggplant) anthers to the pedicel. Repeat 3 times, 20m per plot 2 The fields were randomly arranged in blocks. The flowers were dipped when the number of flowers in the inflorescence reached about 70%. Twenty plants with roughly the same growth were selected from each plot and marked at fixed points to investigate the fruit set, single fruit weight, single plant yield and leaf edge curling rate.

[0034] Effects of different eggplant flower-dipping agents on eggplant yield (early spring crop) at the experimental base of the National Vegetable Quality Standard Center (Ganzhou) Branch (see Table 1) Table 1 Effects of different eggplant flower dipping agents on eggplant yield (early spring crop)

[0035] The above-mentioned Example 1 and Example 3 were compared with the commercially available 45ppm tomatoling solution and Dongshi*Haoxi (eggplant) anthers. The experimental site was selected in the experimental base of the National Vegetable Quality Standard Center (Ganzhou) Branch Center, and the wintering "Longqie No. 1" purple-black long eggplant variety. The sample treatment settings were: A. Uniform spray of clean water; B. Uniform spray of Example 1; C. Uniform spray of Example 3; D. Apply clean water to the pedicel; E. Apply the pedicel with 25ppm tomatoling solution; F. Apply the pedicel with Dongshi*Haoxi (eggplant) anthers. Repeat 3 times, 20m per plot 2 The fields were randomly arranged in blocks. The flowers were dipped when the number of flowers in the inflorescence reached about 70%. Twenty plants with roughly the same growth were selected from each plot and marked at fixed points to investigate the fruit set, single fruit weight, single plant yield and leaf edge curling rate.

[0036] Effects of different eggplant flower-dipping agents on eggplant yield (overwintering crop) at the experimental base of the National Vegetable Quality Standard Center (Ganzhou) Branch (see Table 2) Table 2. Effects of different eggplant flower-dipping agents on eggplant yield (overwintering crop)

[0037] From the values ​​in Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that the eggplant flower and fruit retaining compound agent of the present invention can effectively increase the fruit setting amount per eggplant plant, the weight of single fruit, the yield per plant and the commercial fruit rate, and reduce the leaf edge curling rate. Under different climatic conditions, better effects can be achieved by adjusting the concentration.

[0038] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by ordinary technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit preservation compound, characterized in that: The composite agent uses purified water as a carrier and also includes the following concentrations: 50-80 ppm of naphthaleneacetic acid, 8-30 ppm of gibberellins, 0.03-0.2 ppm of modified brassinolide, 0.03-0.05 ppm of willow bark extract, 8-30 ppm of anti-drop agent, 30-75 ppm of boric acid, 50-200 ppm of fungicide, 50-300 ppm of insecticide, 1-200 ppm of emulsifier and 1-300 ppm of color pigment; The modified brassinolide is an acetal compound of 2,4-epibrassinolide, and its preparation method is as follows: 2,4-epibrassinolide is dissolved in 10 times the mass volume of acetone, activated carbon-supported zirconium sulfate is added, heated under reflux and stirred for 2 hours, filtered, and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at 40°C; The willow bark extract is prepared by crushing the dry willow bark, adding ethanol at 50° C. and stirring for 4 hours, filtering, and evaporating to dryness at 45° C. under reduced pressure.

2. The safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit preservation composite agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The naphthylacetic acid is one or more of 1-naphthylacetic acid and 2-naphthylacetic acid (β-naphthylacetic acid).

3. The safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit protection composite agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gibberellin is one or more of GA3, GA4 and GA7.

4. The safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit preservation composite agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-drop agent is one or more of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.

5. The safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit preservation composite agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fungicide is one or more of boscalid, iprodione, fludioxonil, procymidone and ningnanmycin.

6. The safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit protection composite agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insecticide is any combination of one or more of ethyl mycophenolate mofetil, spirotetramat, dinotefuran, avermectin, bifenthrin, flonicamid, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid.

7. The safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit preservation composite agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emulsifier is one of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether series emulsifier, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, Nongru 700#, Span-60#, Tween-60#, or any combination of any two or more thereof.

8. The safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit preservation composite agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The color developer is Sildenafil seed coating suspension, various suspension seed coating agents with obvious colors, various mineral pigments with obvious colors, or any combination of multiple of them.

9. A method for preparing a safe and efficient eggplant flower and fruit protection composite agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Mix a plant growth regulator consisting of naphthylacetic acid, gibberellin, modified brassinolide and anti-drop agent with water and stir until the appearance is transparent, and set aside; S2, mixing the fungicide, the insecticide, the willow bark extract and the water, stirring them evenly, and adding boric acid for later use; S3. Add the aqueous solution prepared in step S1 to the sample prepared in step S2 while stirring, stir evenly, add color pigment as needed, and stir thoroughly for 10 to 30 minutes to obtain the finished product.

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