Lathe fixture for multi-axis revolution surface composite workpiece

Abstract

The invention provides a lathe fixture for a multi-axis revolution surface composite workpiece, and belongs to the technical field of fixtures. The problems that an existing multi-axis revolution surface composite workpiece needs to be clamped for multiple times when being machined on a lathe according to working procedures, and is large in investment, low in efficiency and the like when being machined on a horizontal machining center and a boring and milling machine are solved. The device comprises a main shaft positioning plate and a workpiece fixing plate used for fixing a workpiece, the main shaft positioning plate is fixedly connected with a lathe main shaft, a positioning key is arranged on the workpiece fixing plate, a plurality of workpiece positioning holes allowing the positioning key to be inserted and matched are formed in the main shaft positioning plate, and a plurality of machining axes are arranged on the workpiece. The workpiece positioning holes correspond to the machining axes one to one, and when any workpiece positioning hole is matched with the positioning key for positioning, the machining axis corresponding to the workpiece positioning hole coincides with the axis of the lathe spindle. The lathe has the advantage that rotary surfaces at different positions can be machined on the lathe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fixtures and relates to a lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece. Background Art

[0002] Multi-axis rotary surface composite workpieces include box-type, tee-type, valve body-type workpieces, which are characterized by many staggered axes, with stepped holes around each axis, and the threads, bevels and other structures on the end faces of the stepped outer rings need to be processed. In the prior art, for such workpieces with low requirements on the relative positions of the axes, lathe clamps are used to clamp the workpieces and then process them on the lathe in separate steps, which requires multiple clamping; for such workpieces with high requirements on the relative positions, CNC U-axis (flat rotating disk) is used for processing on horizontal machining centers and boring and milling machines, which requires large investment and low efficiency, and the accuracy of single-axis processing cannot be compared with that of lathes. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems existing in the process of machining holes of existing workpieces, and to propose a lathe fixture that can be clamped conveniently and positioned accurately.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0005] A lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotating surface composite workpiece, characterized in that it includes a spindle positioning plate and a workpiece fixing plate for fixing the workpiece, the spindle positioning plate being fixedly connected to the lathe spindle, the spindle positioning plate being provided with a spindle positioning hole coaxially matched with the spindle and a spindle positioning surface for positioning against the spindle, the spindle positioning surface being perpendicular to the axis of the spindle positioning hole, the workpiece fixing plate being provided with a positioning key, the spindle positioning plate being provided with a plurality of workpiece positioning holes for inserting and matching with the positioning key, a plurality of machining axes being provided on the workpiece, the workpiece positioning holes corresponding to the machining axes one-to-one, and when any workpiece positioning hole is positioned in cooperation with the positioning key, the machining axis corresponding to the workpiece positioning hole coincides with the axis of the lathe spindle.

[0006] In the above-mentioned lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotating surface composite workpiece, when only one locating key is used, the cross-section of the workpiece locating hole is non-circular, and the workpiece fixing plate is also provided with a fitting positioning surface perpendicular to the insertion direction of the locating key, and the spindle positioning plate is provided with a positioning mounting surface for affixing and fixing the fitting positioning surface.

[0007] In the above-mentioned lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece, the fitting positioning surface is parallel to the axis of the lathe spindle, and the distance between the fitting positioning surface and the lathe spindle is equal to the distance from the fitting positioning surface to the corresponding processing axis of the workpiece.

[0008] In the above-mentioned lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece, the fitting positioning surface is perpendicular to the axis of the lathe spindle, and the positioning installation surface is perpendicular to the axis of the lathe spindle.

[0009] In the above-mentioned lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece, the fitting positioning surface is arranged obliquely to the axis of the lathe spindle.

[0010] In the above-mentioned lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotating surface composite workpiece, the locating hole and the locating key are interference fit, and a plurality of inclined grooves are opened on the contact contour of at least one piece, and an inclined cantilever is formed between the two inclined grooves; when the two are matched, the cantilever produces elastic deformation to make the locating hole and the locating key fit tightly.

[0011] In the above-mentioned lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece, the inclined grooves are evenly distributed on the contact contour.

[0012] In the above-mentioned lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotating surface composite workpiece, when the contact contour is set in a square shape, the contact contour includes two pairs of corresponding edges arranged oppositely, and the inclination directions of the inclined grooves of the corresponding edges arranged oppositely are mirror-symmetrical; the four corner areas of the contact contour are all cut off to eliminate the plastic deformation zone.

[0013] In the above-mentioned lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece, the inclined groove is processed by wire cutting, laser cutting, water jet cutting, etc.

[0014] In the above-mentioned lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece, the angle between the inclined direction of the inclined groove and the normal direction of the contact profile at the inclined groove is 30-60°.

[0015] In the above-mentioned lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece, the workpiece and the workpiece fixing plate are fixedly connected by fasteners; and the workpiece fixing plate and the spindle positioning plate are fixedly connected by fasteners.

[0016] In the above-mentioned lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece, a dynamic balancing weight block is also provided on the spindle positioning plate.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. Before processing, make a spindle positioning plate. The positions of the positioning holes on the spindle positioning plate correspond to the positions of the axes to be processed on the workpiece. During processing, insert the positioning keys on the workpiece fixing plate into the positioning holes one by one, and process the workpieces one by one, so that the workpieces are processed with the rotating surfaces (end faces or holes or threads) corresponding to the positions of the positioning holes. The present invention can realize the processing of the rotating surfaces of axes at different positions on a lathe;

[0019] 2. By opening an oblique groove on the contact profile of the locating hole or the locating key, when the locating key and the locating hole are in interference fit, the cantilever can provide elastic deformation to replace the plastic deformation, thereby improving the positioning accuracy and reducing the machining accuracy of the locating key and the locating hole, thereby improving work efficiency and simplifying the work process;

[0020] 3. When producing in large quantities, you can use multiple low-priced lathes to form an assembly line for rapid production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a processing state when the fitting positioning surface of the present invention is parallel to the axis of the lathe spindle;

[0022] Figure 2 It is another schematic diagram of a processing state when the fitting positioning surface of the present invention is parallel to the axis of the lathe spindle;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a processing state when the fitting positioning surface of the present invention is perpendicular to the axis of the lathe spindle;

[0024] Figure 4 It is another schematic diagram of a processing state when the fitting positioning surface of the present invention is perpendicular to the axis of the lathe spindle;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of one of the processing states when the fitting positioning surface of the present invention is inclined with respect to the axis of the lathe spindle;

[0026] Figure 6 It is another schematic diagram of a processing state when the fitting positioning surface of the present invention is inclined with respect to the axis of the lathe spindle;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the spindle positioning plate of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of a workpiece and a workpiece fixing plate of the present invention;

[0029] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the oblique groove of the square positioning hole of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure, 1, workpiece; 2, lathe spindle; 3, spindle positioning plate; 4, workpiece fixing plate; 5, positioning key; 6, workpiece positioning hole; 7, inclined groove; 8, cantilever; 9, machining axis; 10, fitting positioning surface; 11, positioning installation surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solution of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0032] The lathe fixture of a multi-axis rotating surface composite workpiece described in the present invention includes a spindle positioning plate 3 and a workpiece fixing plate 4 for fixing a workpiece 1. The spindle positioning plate 3 is fixedly connected to the lathe spindle 2, and the workpiece fixing plate 4 is provided with a positioning key 5. The spindle positioning plate 3 is provided with a plurality of workpiece positioning holes 6 for inserting and cooperating with the positioning key 5. The workpiece 1 is provided with a plurality of machining axes 9, and the workpiece positioning holes 6 correspond to the machining axes 9 one by one. When any workpiece positioning hole 6 is positioned in cooperation with the positioning key 5, the machining axis 9 corresponding to the workpiece positioning hole 6 coincides with the axis of the lathe spindle 2.

[0033] The spindle positioning plate 3 is provided with a spindle positioning hole coaxially matched with the spindle and a spindle positioning surface for positioning against the spindle, and the spindle positioning surface is perpendicular to the axis of the spindle positioning hole. The workpiece fixing plate 4 is also provided with a fitting positioning surface 10 perpendicular to the insertion direction of the positioning key 5, and the spindle positioning plate is provided with a positioning installation surface 11 for fixing against the fitting positioning surface.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the spindle positioning plate 3 is L-shaped, the workpiece fixing plate 4 is fixed on the horizontal surface of the spindle positioning plate 3, the positioning key 5 is fixed on the bottom surface of the workpiece fixing plate 4, and the bottom surface is the fitting positioning surface 10. The positioning key 5 is vertically inserted downward into the workpiece positioning hole 6 on the horizontal surface of the spindle positioning plate 3, and the fitting positioning surface 10 is parallel to the axis of the lathe spindle 2. The distance between the fitting positioning surface 10 and the lathe spindle 2 is equal to the distance from the fitting positioning surface 10 to the corresponding processing axis 9 of the workpiece.

[0035] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the fitting positioning surface 10 on the workpiece fixing plate 4 is inclined. When the workpiece fixing plate 4 is fixed at different positions on the inclined surface of the spindle positioning plate 3, the height of the workpiece 1 in the vertical direction will change so that the machining axis 9 coincides with the axis of the lathe spindle 2.

[0036] The workpiece 1 and the workpiece fixing plate 4 can be fixedly connected by fasteners or clamped by a clamp; the workpiece fixing plate 4 and the spindle positioning plate 3 can be fixedly connected by fasteners or clamped by a clamp. The spindle positioning plate 3 is also provided with a dynamic balancing weight to keep the center of gravity of the clamp balanced.

[0037] One or more positioning keys 5 may be provided on a workpiece fixing plate. When only one positioning key 5 is used, the cross-sectional shape of the positioning key 5 and the workpiece positioning hole 6 is non-circular, and may be square, triangular, etc. When two positioning keys 5 are provided, the cross-sectional shape of the positioning key 5 is circular. The cross-sectional shape of the positioning key 5 described below in this embodiment is non-circular.

[0038] like Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the workpiece positioning hole 6 and the positioning key 5 are interference fit, and at least one of the contact profiles is provided with a plurality of inclined grooves 7, and an inclined cantilever 8 is formed between the two inclined grooves 7; when the two are matched, the cantilever 8 produces elastic deformation to make the workpiece positioning hole 6 and the positioning key 5 fit tightly. The inclined grooves 7 are evenly distributed on the contact profile. The inclined grooves 7 are processed by wire cutting, laser cutting, water jet cutting, etc. The angle between the inclined direction of the inclined groove 7 and the normal direction of the contact profile at the inclined groove 7 is 30-60°.

[0039] like Fig. 9 As shown, when the contact profile is arranged in a square shape, the contact profile includes two pairs of corresponding edges arranged oppositely, and the inclination directions of the inclined grooves 7 of the corresponding edges arranged oppositely are mirror-symmetrical; the four corner areas of the contact profile are all cut off to eliminate the plastic deformation zone.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, different from Example 1, the spindle positioning plate 3 described in this embodiment is a vertical flat plate. When the workpiece fixing plate 4 is fixed on the vertical surface of the spindle positioning plate 3, the positioning key 5 is fixed on the side surface of the workpiece fixing plate 4 facing the spindle positioning plate 3, and the side surface is a fitting positioning surface 10. The positioning key 5 is horizontally inserted into the workpiece positioning hole 6 on the vertical surface of the spindle positioning plate 3. The fitting positioning surface 10 is perpendicular to the axis of the lathe spindle 2, and the positioning installation surface 11 is perpendicular to the axis of the lathe spindle 2.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] Different from the first embodiment, the fitting positioning surface 10 of the present embodiment is inclined with respect to the axis of the lathe spindle 2 .

[0044] It should be understood that in the claims and description of the present invention, all "including..." should be understood as an open-ended meaning, that is, its meaning is equivalent to "at least contains...", and should not be understood as a closed meaning, that is, its meaning should not be understood as "only includes...".

[0045] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in similar ways, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece, characterized in that: The invention comprises a spindle positioning plate (3) and a workpiece fixing plate (4) for fixing a workpiece (1); the spindle positioning plate (3) is fixedly connected to a spindle (2) of a lathe; the spindle positioning plate (3) is provided with a spindle positioning hole coaxially matched with the spindle and a spindle positioning surface for positioning against the spindle; the spindle positioning surface is perpendicular to the axis of the spindle positioning hole; the workpiece fixing plate (4) is provided with a positioning key (5); the spindle positioning plate (3) is provided with a plurality of workpiece positioning holes (6) for inserting and matching the positioning key (5); the workpiece (1) is provided with a plurality of machining axes (9); the workpiece positioning The holes (6) correspond to the machining axes (9) one by one. When any workpiece positioning hole (6) is positioned in cooperation with the positioning key (5), the machining axis (9) corresponding to the workpiece positioning hole (6) coincides with the axis of the lathe spindle (2). When only one positioning key (5) is used, the cross-sectional shape of the positioning key (5) and the workpiece positioning hole (6) is non-circular. The workpiece fixing plate (4) is also provided with a fitting positioning surface (10) perpendicular to the insertion direction of the positioning key (5). The spindle positioning plate (3) is provided with a positioning mounting surface (11) for abutting and fixing the fitting positioning surface (10).

2. The lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fitting positioning surface (10) is parallel to the axis of the lathe spindle (2), and the distance between the fitting positioning surface (10) and the lathe spindle (2) is equal to the distance from the fitting positioning surface (10) to the corresponding processing axis (9) of the workpiece.

3. The lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fitting positioning surface (10) is perpendicular to the axis of the lathe spindle (2), and the positioning installation surface (11) is perpendicular to the axis of the lathe spindle (2).

4. The lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fitting positioning surface (10) and the axis of the lathe spindle (2) are arranged obliquely.

5. The lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workpiece positioning hole (6) and the positioning key (5) are interference-fitted, and a plurality of inclined grooves (7) are provided on the contact profile of at least one of the parts, and an inclined cantilever (8) is formed between two inclined grooves (7); when the two are fitted, the cantilever (8) generates elastic deformation so that the workpiece positioning hole (6) and the positioning key (5) are tightly fitted.

6. The lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inclined grooves (7) are evenly distributed on the contact profile.

7. The lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the contact profile is arranged in a square shape, the contact profile comprises two pairs of corresponding edges arranged opposite to each other, and the inclination directions of the inclined grooves (7) of the corresponding edges arranged opposite to each other are mirror-symmetrical; the four corner areas of the contact profile are all cut off to eliminate the plastic deformation area.

8. The lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece according to claim 5, characterized in that: The angle between the inclined direction of the inclined groove (7) and the normal direction of the contact profile at the inclined groove (7) is 30-60°.

9. The lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workpiece (1) and the workpiece fixing plate (4) are fixedly connected via fasteners; the workpiece fixing plate (4) and the spindle positioning plate (3) are fixedly connected via fasteners.

10. The lathe fixture for a multi-axis rotary surface composite workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spindle positioning plate (3) is also provided with a dynamic balancing weight.

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