Preparation method and application of multifunctional needled glass fiber aerogel felt

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a multifunctional needled glass fiber aerogel felt. The invention discloses a multifunctional needled glass fiber aerogel felt which is prepared by the following steps: adding a catalyst, tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and deionized water into a beaker in parts by weight, uniformly stirring, putting the needled glass fiber felt into a solution, aging, drying and modifying to finally obtain the needled glass fiber aerogel felt, and the catalyst is ammonia water or hydrochloric acid. The needled glass fiber aerogel felt not only can play a role in heat insulation and fire prevention, but also can absorb sound and reduce noise, and is a multifunctional high-quality material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of preparation of new materials and relates to a preparation method and application of a multifunctional needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt. Background Art

[0002] Noise refers to the sound that can disturb people's normal rest, study and work, and can cause interference. In physics, it refers to the sound produced by the sound-emitting body during irregular movement. According to the source, it can be divided into industrial noise, traffic noise, construction noise and life noise. With the rapid development of science and technology, the progress of industry and transportation is accelerating, and noise pollution is becoming more and more serious. Noise pollution has now become the fourth largest pollution after air pollution, water pollution and solid waste pollution. Studies have found that if people are in a noisy environment for a long time, their physiological functions and physical and mental health will inevitably be damaged. At the same time, some precision instrument dials will also be affected and damaged. Therefore, efficient sound-absorbing materials play an important role in human health and the protection of high-end precision instruments, and noise prevention and control under different environmental conditions puts higher requirements on sound-absorbing materials.

[0003] Taking the shipbuilding industry as an example, the use of lightweight weight-reducing materials as one of the effective means of energy conservation and emission reduction in the shipbuilding industry can not only increase the carrying weight of ships, but also save power fuel, thereby reducing production and operation costs. Thermal insulation and sound-absorbing materials are widely distributed in ships and are widely used. The development of lightweight thermal insulation and sound-absorbing materials can not only achieve hull weight reduction, but also actively promote energy conservation and emission reduction in the shipbuilding industry. Marine thermal insulation materials refer to a class of materials with heat insulation, water repellency, moisture resistance, flame retardant or non-combustible properties. At present, they mainly include inorganic glass wool, rock wool, ceramic wool and organic flame retardant plastic foams, etc. They are often filled in ship bulkheads, ceilings, decks, doors, pipes and other parts in the form of interlayers and cushions.

[0004] Sound-absorbing materials refer to a type of acoustic material that can consume sound energy, reduce noise, improve the sound environment, and convert sound energy into heat energy during the propagation of sound waves. Materials with a noise reduction coefficient greater than 0.2 are usually called sound-absorbing materials, and materials with a noise reduction coefficient greater than 0.5 are called high-efficiency sound-absorbing materials. Aerogel functional materials have attracted widespread attention due to their ultra-high porosity, large specific surface area, and ultra-low density. Aerogel materials have a developed porous structure and therefore exhibit strong sound absorption and heat insulation capabilities. Therefore, this patent combines silica aerogel and needle-punched glass fiber felt to prepare a multifunctional material that integrates fireproofing, heat insulation, sound absorption, and noise reduction. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a multifunctional needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt, which can not only play the role of heat insulation and fire prevention, but also can absorb sound and reduce noise, and is a multifunctional high-quality material.

[0006] The specific plan is as follows:

[0007] A multifunctional needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt comprises the following steps:

[0008] 1) Add tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol, deionized water and a catalyst into a beaker in proportion and stir evenly, wherein the catalyst is ammonia water or hydrochloric acid;

[0009] 2) placing a roll of needle-punched glass fiber felt in the solution obtained in step 1), and then aging, drying and modifying the solution to obtain a needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt, wherein tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and deionized water are uniformly mixed in a volume ratio of (10-25): (120-150): (2-8).

[0010] The preferred solution is that the thickness of the needle-punched glass fiber felt is 10 to 20 mm.

[0011] The preferred solution is that the stirring time is 5 to 10 minutes.

[0012] A preferred solution is that the drying process is carbon dioxide supercritical drying.

[0013] A preferred solution is that the aging step is: pouring ethanol into the tooling fixture for aging, and the aging time is 12 to 60 hours.

[0014] The preferred scheme is that the modification step is: putting the aged sample into a modification kettle and adding a modifier for modification, wherein the modifier is a silane coupling agent, a siloxane compound, or a silazane compound, and the modification time is 4 to 10 hours. The modified product can achieve a hydrophobic effect, and the highest temperature resistance of the hydrophobic effect is 300°C.

[0015] The needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method is applied in the fields of transportation and construction.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The prepared multifunctional needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt has good strength, high integrity, low thermal conductivity, and good hydrophobicity, thereby ensuring the thermal insulation and temperature resistance of the product, solving the hydrophilicity and brittleness of traditional aerogels, and having good acoustic properties. It can consume sound energy during sound wave propagation, reduce noise, and improve the sound environment. The multifunctional needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt has a developed porous structure, so it exhibits strong sound absorption and heat insulation capabilities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a physical picture of the needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt of Example 1.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the sound absorption data of the needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt of Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to demonstrate the essential features and significant improvements of the present invention, the following examples are used to further illustrate the implementation methods and effects.

[0021] Embodiment one:

[0022] With needle-punched glass fiber felt as the substrate, 28% tetraethyl orthosilicate, 99% industrial ethanol and deionized water were uniformly mixed in a volume ratio of 20:130:5, and then a catalyst was added (the molar ratio of the catalyst to tetraethyl orthosilicate was 0.01:1.5) and stirred for 5 minutes.

[0023] Then, the 10mm thick needle-punched glass fiber felt was immersed in the solution, and after standing for 12 hours, the sol-gel reaction was carried out to obtain the needle-punched glass fiber felt wet gel. 99% industrial ethanol was added to the tooling fixture for aging, and the aging time was 16 hours. Then, the needle-punched glass fiber felt wet gel was placed in a supercritical dryer, and the drying time was 4.5 hours, the drying temperature was 110°C, and the drying pressure was 10MPa to obtain a silicon dioxide needle-punched aerogel felt. Then, the silicon dioxide needle-punched glass fiber felt was placed in an aging kettle for modification process treatment. Silazane compounds were added to the modification kettle (the ratio of the amount of modifier to the total volume of the product was 0.004:1), the modification time was 6 hours, the modification kettle temperature was 130°C, and the modification kettle pressure was -0.09Mpa, and finally a multifunctional needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt was obtained.

[0024] Table 1 shows the thermal conductivity and thermal insulation data of the needle-punched glass fiber air-torn rubber felt of Example 1

[0025] name Thermal conductivity W / (m·K) Insulation (℃) 60min temperature difference Needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt 0.018 595

[0026] Embodiment 2:

[0027] With needle-punched glass fiber felt as the substrate, 28% tetraethyl orthosilicate, 99% industrial ethanol and deionized water were uniformly mixed in a volume ratio of 20:130:5, and then a catalyst was added (the molar ratio of the catalyst to tetraethyl orthosilicate was 0.01:1.5) and stirred for 5 minutes.

[0028] Then, the 20mm thick needle-punched glass fiber felt was immersed in the solution, and after standing for 12 hours, the sol-gel reaction was carried out to obtain the needle-punched glass fiber felt wet gel. 99% industrial ethanol was added to the tooling fixture for aging, and the aging time was 16 hours. Then, the needle-punched glass fiber felt wet gel was placed in supercritical drying, and the drying time was 4.5 hours, the drying temperature was 110°C, and the drying pressure was 10MPa to obtain the silica needle-punched aerogel felt. Then, the silica needle-punched glass fiber felt was placed in the aging kettle for modification process treatment. Silazane compounds were added to the modification kettle (the ratio of the amount of modifier to the total volume of the product was 0.004:1), the modification time was 6 hours, the modification kettle temperature was 130°C, and the modification kettle pressure was -0.09Mpa, and finally a multifunctional needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt was obtained.

[0029] According to Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felts of different thicknesses were prepared under the same conditions. Relevant studies have shown that the thicker the thickness, the better the sound absorption effect.

[0030] Embodiment three:

[0031] With needle-punched glass fiber felt as the substrate, 40% tetraethyl orthosilicate, 99% industrial ethanol and deionized water were uniformly mixed in a volume ratio of 25:120:4, and then the catalyst was added (the molar ratio of catalyst to tetraethyl orthosilicate was 0.01:1.5), and stirred for 8 m i n .

[0032] Then, the 10mm thick needle-punched glass fiber felt was immersed in the solution, and after standing for 12 hours, the sol-gel reaction was carried out to obtain the needle-punched glass fiber felt wet gel. 99% industrial ethanol was added to the tooling fixture for aging, and the aging time was 12 hours. Then, the needle-punched glass fiber felt wet gel was placed in supercritical drying, and the drying time was 4.5 hours, the drying temperature was 110°C, and the drying pressure was 10MPa to obtain the silica needle-punched aerogel felt. Then, the silica needle-punched glass fiber felt was placed in the aging kettle for modification process treatment. Silazane compounds were added to the modification kettle (the ratio of the amount of modifier to the total volume of the product was 0.004:1), the modification time was 6 hours, the modification kettle temperature was 130°C, and the modification kettle pressure was -0.09Mpa, and finally a multifunctional needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt was obtained.

[0033] Embodiment 4:

[0034] With needle-punched glass fiber felt as the substrate, 50% tetraethyl orthosilicate, 99% industrial ethanol and deionized water were uniformly mixed in a volume ratio of 25:120:4, and then a catalyst was added (the molar ratio of the catalyst to tetraethyl orthosilicate was 0.01:1.5) and stirred for 8 minutes.

[0035] Then, the 10mm thick needle-punched glass fiber felt was immersed in the solution, and after standing for 12 hours, the sol-gel reaction was carried out to obtain the needle-punched glass fiber felt wet gel. 99% industrial ethanol was added to the tooling fixture for aging, and the aging time was 12 hours. Then, the needle-punched glass fiber felt wet gel was placed in supercritical drying, and the drying time was 4.5 hours, the drying temperature was 110°C, and the drying pressure was 10MPa to obtain the silica needle-punched aerogel felt. Then, the silica needle-punched glass fiber felt was placed in the aging kettle for modification process treatment. Silazane compounds were added to the modification kettle (the ratio of the amount of modifier to the total volume of the product was 0.004:1), the modification time was 6 hours, the modification kettle temperature was 130°C, and the modification kettle pressure was -0.09Mpa, and finally a multifunctional needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt was obtained.

[0036] Through Example 3 and Example 4, the higher the content of tetraethyl orthosilicate, the better the sound absorption effect.

[0037] Of course, the above embodiments of the present invention are only examples for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the specific implementation methods of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above examples. It is impossible to give detailed examples of all implementation methods here. All obvious changes or modifications derived from the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a multifunctional needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Add tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol, deionized water and a catalyst into a beaker in proportion and stir evenly, wherein the catalyst is ammonia water or hydrochloric acid; wherein the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and deionized water is (1-4): (3-15): (2-8); 2) placing a roll of needle-punched glass fiber felt in the solution obtained in step 1), and then aging, drying and modifying the felt to finally obtain the needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the needle-punched glass fiber felt is 10 to 20 mm.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring time is 2 to 5 minutes.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying process is carbon dioxide supercritical drying.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aging step is: pouring ethanol into the sample pool for aging, and the aging time is 12 to 60 hours.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modification step is: putting the aged sample into a modification tank for modification process treatment, the modifier is one of a silane coupling agent, a siloxane compound, or a silazane compound, and the modification time is 4 to 10 hours.

7. Application of the needle-punched glass fiber aerogel felt obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the fields of transportation and construction.

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