Spraying granulation production process for producing organic fertilizer through harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical mushroom dregs

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of granulation production processes, and discloses a guniting granulation production process for producing an organic fertilizer through harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical mushroom dregs, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing all raw materials, and sterilizing; after sterilization, the temperature is reduced to the temperature suitable for the strain; fermenting the inoculated strain; the fermented materials are filtered through a plate filter, and solid substances are transferred into a cooking pot; cooking in a cooking pot; the solid substances are conveyed into a transportation tank car through a submerged pump and a closed pipeline and are transported to a workshop storage tank through the tank car, the solid substances are directly combined with compressed air through a high-pressure pump to enter a granulator in an atomized form for granulation, then enter a cooling roller for cooling, and then enter a roller screen for screening, packaging and warehousing. The organic fertilizer produced by the raw materials and the process has the characteristics of high organic matter content, high nutrient content, low moisture, granular shape, convenience in use, slow release of organic matter nutrients and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of granulation production technology, in particular to a spray granulation production process for producing organic fertilizer by harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue. Background Art

[0002] At present, in organic fertilizer production enterprises, general organic fertilizers are mainly derived from plants and (or) animals, and are applied to the soil to provide plant nutrition as its main function. It is processed from biological materials, animal and plant waste, and plant residues, eliminating toxic and harmful substances, and is rich in a large number of beneficial substances, including: a variety of organic acids, peptides, and rich nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It can not only provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has a long fertilizer effect, can increase and renew soil organic matter, promote microbial reproduction, and improve the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of the soil. It is the main nutrient for green food production.

[0003] Similar fertilizers have problems such as low organic matter, low nutrients, high water content, poor effect, inconvenience in use, and rapid release of organic nutrients. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a spraying granulation production process for producing organic fertilizer by harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a process for spraying and granulating organic fertilizer by harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, mix all the raw materials evenly and sterilize them;

[0009] S2. After sterilization, lower the temperature to a temperature suitable for the strain;

[0010] S3, fermenting the inoculated bacteria;

[0011] S4, filtering the fermented material through a plate filter and transferring the solid matter to a cooking tank;

[0012] S5, cooking in a cooking tank;

[0013] S6, using a submersible pump to transport the solid matter through a closed pipeline into a transport tank truck, and then transporting the solid matter to a workshop storage tank by the tank truck. A high-pressure pump combined with compressed air is directly used to atomize the solid matter into a granulator for granulation;

[0014] S7, a hot air furnace is used to provide 500℃-600℃ high temperature hot air to decompose toxic and harmful substances, the raw materials are sprayed into the drying drum and continuously dried, the solids are gradually enriched, and finally round particles are formed;

[0015] S8, the particles pass through the drying drum and enter the cooling drum to be cooled to 50°C;

[0016] S9. The cooled material is brought to the drum screen for screening through a conveyor belt. The qualified particles are packaged and the unqualified particles are returned for re-granulation.

[0017] Preferably, the raw materials include corn steep liquor, soybean oil and liquid sugar, and the proportions thereof are: 10% soybean oil, 80% corn steep liquor and 10% liquid sugar.

[0018] Preferably, the specific step of S1 is to sterilize the raw materials using steam after mixing, with the sterilization temperature being 121° C. and the time being 30 min.

[0019] Preferably, the specific step of S2 is to sterilize the raw materials and then heat them to 36°C, and the cooling method is natural cooling, while monitoring the problems of the raw materials, and perform S3 after reaching 36°C.

[0020] Preferably, the specific step of S3 is to inoculate the bacteria for fermentation, and continuously stir and control parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, etc., and the fermentation time is 200 hours.

[0021] Preferably, the specific step of S5 is to perform high-temperature inactivation cooking with steam at 130 degrees Celsius, dilute with water and cook in a cooking tank for 2 hours.

[0022] Preferably, the specific step of S6 also includes providing 500°C-600°C high-temperature hot air from a hot air furnace in the granulator to decompose the toxic and harmful substances. After the high-temperature hot air meets the atomized solids in the granulator, the solids are inactivated by high temperature again and lose water instantly, thereby achieving solid drying and granulation.

[0023] Preferably, the solid material is input into a transport tanker through a closed pipeline by a submersible pump, and then transported to a workshop storage tank by a tanker. A high-pressure pump is directly used in combination with compressed air to direct the solid material into a granulator in an atomized form. At the same time, a hot air furnace in the granulator provides 500°C-600°C high-temperature hot air to decompose and treat toxic and harmful substances. The raw materials are sprayed into a drying drum and continuously dried, and the solids are gradually enriched to eventually form round particles. After the high-temperature hot air meets the atomized solids in the granulator, the solids are inactivated at high temperature again and then lose water instantly, thereby achieving solid drying and granulation. The particles pass through the drying drum and enter the cooling drum to be cooled to 50°C. The cooled material is brought into the drum screen by a conveyor belt for screening, and qualified particles are packaged, and unqualified particles are returned for re-granulation.

[0024] Preferably, the organic fertilizer produced and processed through the above steps can obtain an organic fertilizer with an organic matter content of ≥55% and a nutrient content of ≥12%.

[0025] (III) Beneficial effects

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a spraying granulation production process for producing organic fertilizer by harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The spraying granulation production process of the harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue to produce organic fertilizer can improve the nutrient content of the fertilizer: by spraying liquid containing nutrients, the nutrient content in the fertilizer particles can be increased and the nutritional value of the fertilizer can be improved.

[0028] 2. The spray granulation production process of the harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue to produce organic fertilizer increases the adhesion of the fertilizer: the spray granulation process can form a thin film on the surface of the fertilizer particles, increase the adhesion of the fertilizer particles, and reduce the loss of fertilizer.

[0029] 3. The spray granulation production process of the harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue to produce organic fertilizer improves the utilization rate of fertilizer: because the spray granulation process can form a thin film on the surface of fertilizer particles, this film can gradually release nutrients, so that the nutrients are released slowly, thereby improving the utilization rate of fertilizer.

[0030] 4. The spray granulation production process of the harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue to produce organic fertilizer reduces environmental pollution: the spray granulation process can reduce the content of free water and volatile substances in the fertilizer and reduce the pollution of the fertilizer to the environment.

[0031] 5. The spray granulation production process of the harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue to produce organic fertilizer improves the physical properties of the fertilizer: the spray granulation process can make the fertilizer particle surface smooth and the structure compact, improve the physical properties of the fertilizer, and facilitate storage and use.

[0032] 6. The biopharmaceutical fungus residue harmless treatment production process of organic fertilizer spray granulation production, the raw materials and process of the present invention provide organic fertilizer with high organic matter content, high nutrient content, low moisture content, granular shape, easy to use, slow release of organic nutrients, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a production process flow chart of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is the raw material ratio table of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] See also Figure 1-2 , corn syrup, soybean oil, liquid sugar, etc. are added in a certain proportion, and a certain amount of fermentation bacteria are added for fermentation after high-temperature steam sterilization. During the fermentation process, the nutrients required by various bacteria are added, and the culture is carried out for about 200 hours to reach the biochemical composting process. The solid-liquid separation is achieved through plate and frame filtration. The solids after filtration are put into the cooking tank. After high-temperature inactivation and cooking with 130 degrees Celsius steam, they are input into the transport tank truck through the closed pipeline through the submersible pump, and transported to the workshop storage tank by the tank truck. The solid matter is directly atomized into the granulator in the form of atomization by combining a high-pressure pump with compressed air. At the same time, the hot air furnace in the granulator provides 500℃-600℃ high-temperature hot air to decompose and treat toxic and harmful substances. After the high-temperature hot air meets the atomized solids in the granulator, the solids are inactivated again at high temperature and lose water instantly, realizing solid drying and granulation.

[0037] The organic fertilizer produced and processed through the above process can obtain high-end organic fertilizer with organic matter ≥55% and nutrients ≥12%, which is much higher than the general organic fertilizer with organic matter ≥30% and nutrients ≥4%.

[0038] Preparation process:

[0039] (1) After mixing the raw materials, sterilize them with steam at 121°C for 30 minutes;

[0040] (2) Sterilize the raw materials and warm them to 36°C;

[0041] (3) fermenting the inoculated strain for 200 h;

[0042] (4) filtering the fermented material through a plate filter and transferring the solid matter to a cooking tank;

[0043] (5) Dilute with water and cook in a cooking tank for 1 hour;

[0044] (6) The solid material is pumped into a transport tanker through a closed pipeline by a submersible pump and transported to a workshop storage tank by a tanker. A high-pressure pump is directly used in combination with compressed air to direct the solid material into a granulator in an atomized form. At the same time, a hot air furnace in the granulator provides 500°C-600°C high-temperature hot air to decompose toxic and harmful substances. The raw material is sprayed into a drying drum and continuously dried. The solid material is gradually enriched and finally forms round particles. After the high-temperature hot air meets the atomized solid material in the granulator, the solid material is inactivated by high temperature again and loses water instantly, thus achieving solid drying and granulation. The particles pass through the drying drum and enter the cooling drum to cool down to 50°C. The cooled material is brought into the drum screen by a conveyor belt for screening. Qualified particles are packaged and unqualified particles are returned for re-granulation.

[0045] Preparation

[0046] (1) Before operation, check the quantity and variety of raw materials and sort them into batches to ensure that the batches are clearly identifiable.

[0047] (2) Check whether the raw materials meet national health standards. If they exceed the standards, they should be removed promptly.

[0048] (3) Check whether the sterilization equipment is functioning normally and whether the disinfectant meets the standards. If there are any problems, they should be promptly handled or replaced.

[0049] Sterilization operation

[0050] 1. Prepare fermentation equipment: Choose a suitable fermentation tank. Make sure the equipment is clean, sterile and well sealed.

[0051] 2. Prepare fermentation liquid: Place the raw materials that need to be sterilized into the fermentation equipment, add an appropriate amount of water, and add an appropriate amount of auxiliary substances such as fermentation agent or enzyme as needed.

[0052] 3. Seal the fermentation equipment: Seal the fermentation equipment to prevent contamination by external microorganisms.

[0053] 4. Control temperature and pressure: Control fermentation temperature and pressure as needed to ensure thorough and limited sterilization.

[0054] 5. Detection indicators: During the fermentation process, it is necessary to detect indicators such as pH value, temperature, and humidity in the fermentation liquid to ensure that the fermentation process proceeds normally.

[0055] 6. Disinfection time: Determine the fermentation disinfection time according to needs, generally 30min-60min is appropriate.

[0056] 7. Evaluation of disinfection effect: After the fermentation disinfection is completed, the disinfection effect needs to be evaluated. Microbiological testing methods can be used, such as total bacterial count testing, coliform group testing, etc.

[0057] Fermentation process

[0058] 1. Batch fermentation

[0059] Refers to a fermentation method with an initial limited amount of substrate in a closed culture system, that is, a fermentation method in which the feed is added once and the product is harvested once.

[0060] In batch culture, the kinetics of microbial product formation are divided into:

[0061] (1) Growth-related type

[0062] The rate of product generation is proportional to the growth rate of the bacteria. This product is usually a direct product of microbial decomposition of the matrix. Using culture conditions that are conducive to cell growth can extend the logarithmic growth period related to product synthesis.

[0063] (2) Non-growth-related type

[0064] The rate of product formation has nothing to do with the growth rate of the bacteria, but is related to the amount of bacteria.

[0065] For non-growth-related products, it is advisable to shorten the logarithmic growth period of the bacteria, and after quickly obtaining a sufficient amount of bacterial cells, extend the stable period to increase production.

[0066] 2. Fed-batch fermentation

[0067] It refers to the culture method of adding fresh culture medium intermittently or continuously during batch culture. Compared with traditional batch fermentation, the advantage is that it can maintain a very low substrate concentration in the fermentation system. Advantages of low substrate concentration:

[0068] (1) It can eliminate the inhibitory effect of rapid carbon source utilization and maintain an appropriate bacterial concentration so as not to aggravate the contradiction of oxygen supply;

[0069] (2) Overcome nutrient deficiency and avoid premature end of fermentation.

[0070] 3. Semi-continuous fermentation

[0071] It refers to a culture method in which part of the fermentation liquid is intermittently released on the basis of fed-batch fermentation.

[0072] advantage:

[0073] (1) It can eliminate the inhibitory effect of rapid carbon source utilization and maintain an appropriate bacterial concentration so as not to aggravate the contradiction of oxygen supply;

[0074] (2) Overcoming nutrient deficiency and avoiding premature fermentation:

[0075] (3) Alleviate the accumulation of harmful metabolites.

[0076] 4. Continuous fermentation

[0077] Also known as continuous flow culture or open culture, it is a culture method in which the culture medium is continuously input into the fermentation tank and the fermentation liquid containing the product is released at the same time. In such an environment, the growth of bacteria is restricted by the provided matrix, and the concentration of bacteria in the culture liquid can maintain a certain stable state.

[0078] Compared with traditional batch fermentation, continuous culture has the following advantages;

[0079] (1) Maintaining low substrate concentration: This can eliminate the inhibitory effect of rapid carbon source utilization and maintain an appropriate bacterial concentration so as not to aggravate the contradiction of oxygen supply;

[0080] (2) avoid the accumulation of toxic metabolites in the culture medium;

[0081] (3) It can improve equipment utilization and output per unit time, saving non-production time of the fermentation tank;

[0082] (4) Easy to control automatically.

[0083] Granulation process

[0084] Atomization granulation can be divided into three basic process stages: the liquid is atomized into droplets; the droplets contact, mix and flow with the drying medium, that is, drying; and the final formation of the product. In the process of atomization granulation, there are two ways for particles to grow: one is coating growth; the other is agglomeration growth. The coating growth method is to repeatedly coat the masterbatch with the spray liquid, with the crystal nucleus as the center, and increase the particle size after drying. The final particle is based on the original particle and has a shape similar to the original particle. According to this mechanism, the granulation has a slow growth rate, stable and uniform growth, slow dissolution rate, but good mechanical properties. The agglomeration growth method is that two or more particles form a "liquid bridge" through an adhesive, agglomerate together to form a large particle, and the particles soaked in the adhesive collide with the surrounding particles and adhere to each other. The particles are connected together through a "solid bridge" to form a large particle. According to this mechanism, the granulation has a fast growth rate, a large specific surface area, and good solubility; but the particle size is uneven, the shape is irregular, and the mechanical properties are poor. Agglomeration is the main way of granulation of water dispersible granules. The atomized product is finally formed in the third stage. Depending on the needs, different combinations of atomization granulation often appear.

[0085] In the normal atomization granulation process, as the drying proceeds, the material will change from liquid to rubber and then to glass, which is called glass transition. The temperature at the glass transition is called glass transition temperature, represented by Tg. The entire process of atomization granulation is very short, generally only 15 to 40 seconds, but according to the drying speed, the entire process of atomization drying can be divided into the accelerated drying stage of the liquid, the constant drying stage of the liquid and the reduced drying stage. At the beginning of atomization drying, the drying speed of the material rises from zero to the maximum in a very short time, which is the preheating stage of the liquid; when the maximum drying speed continues for a very short time, it is the constant drying stage, and then enters the reduced drying stage, which will last for a long time until the drying is completed. In the liquid preheating stage: the drying time is usually completed in an instant. At this time, after the room temperature liquid is atomized, its temperature is quickly heated to the wet bulb temperature of the dry air by the surrounding hot air. At this time, the temperature of the droplets is higher than that of the liquid, so the surface of the material mist still remains in liquid state. In the constant rate drying stage of liquid drying: the drying time is usually within 3 to 6 seconds. At this time, the surface temperature of the material mist maintains the wet bulb temperature of the dry air. The migration of water inside the material mist and the surface moisture are sufficient to maintain evaporation, but the actual water content of the material mist is constantly decreasing, and the moisture content of the material mist is gradually increasing. The air continuously transfers heat to the droplets, so the air temperature gradually decreases from the beginning. When the droplet surface begins to solidify, it marks the end of the constant rate drying stage and the beginning of the speed reduction stage. In the deceleration drying stage of liquid drying: the drying time is usually within 20 to 30 seconds. At this time, the surface of the material mist is still evaporating water, but the heat given by the drying air is sufficient to meet the heat required for the evaporation of surface water and internal migration of water. Therefore, the surface of the material mist not only begins to solidify, but also the temperature of the gradually solidified particles begins to rise gradually. At the same time, the moisture in the particles continues to decrease, and the particles are further increased due to water loss until the temperature exceeds the temperature of the particles themselves, so that the particles complete the glass transition from the surface to the inside, and the material mist also changes from liquid to glass. For the final product, being in a glassy state is the most stable physical state. Therefore, good control of the glass transition of the liquid during the drying process is the key to controlling the quality of the final product. Studies have shown that the fluidizing gas velocity, bed temperature and binder concentration have significant effects on particle strength, and they are all non-monotonic, but there is a positive correlation between the nozzle atomization air pressure and particle strength. By analyzing the force of the movement of particles in the granulation tower, the particle motion rate equation is established, and the influence of the value of the atomization angle on the granulation product under different particle diameters is discussed. In actual operation, the atomization angle should be as close to the theoretical value as possible.

[0086] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A process for spraying and granulating organic fertilizer by harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, mix all the raw materials evenly and sterilize them; S2. After sterilization, lower the temperature to a temperature suitable for the strain; S3, fermenting the inoculated bacteria; S4, filtering the fermented material through a plate filter to transfer the solid matter to a cooking tank; S5, cooking in a cooking tank; S6, using a submersible pump to transport the solid matter through a closed pipeline into a transport tank truck, and then transporting the solid matter to a workshop storage tank by the tank truck. A high-pressure pump combined with compressed air is directly used to atomize the solid matter into a granulator for granulation; S7, a hot air furnace is used to provide 500℃-600℃ high temperature hot air to decompose toxic and harmful substances, the raw materials are sprayed into the drying drum and continuously dried, the solids are gradually enriched, and finally round particles are formed; S8, the particles pass through the drying drum and enter the cooling drum to be cooled to 50°C; S9. The cooled material is brought to the drum screen for screening through a conveyor belt. The qualified particles are packaged and the unqualified particles are returned for re-granulation.

2. The process for producing organic fertilizer by spraying granulation by harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials include corn steep liquor, soybean oil and liquid sugar, and the proportion thereof is 10% of soybean oil, 80% of corn steep liquor and 10% of liquid sugar.

3. The process for producing organic fertilizer by spraying granulation by harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of S1 are to sterilize the raw materials by steam after mixing them at a sterilization temperature of 121° C. for 30 minutes.

4. The process for producing organic fertilizer by spraying granulation by harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of S2 are to sterilize the raw materials and then heat them to 36°C, cooling them naturally while monitoring the problems of the raw materials. After reaching 36°C, proceed to S3.

5. The process for producing organic fertilizer by spraying granulation by harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of S3 are to inoculate the bacteria for fermentation, continuously stir and control parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature, and the fermentation time is 200 hours.

6. The process for producing organic fertilizer by spraying granulation by harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of S5 are to inactivate the product by high-temperature steam boiling at 130 degrees Celsius, dilute it with water and then boil it in a boiling tank for 2 hours.

7. The process for producing organic fertilizer by spraying granulation by harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of S6 also include providing 500°C-600°C high-temperature hot air from a hot air furnace in the granulator to decompose toxic and harmful substances. After the high-temperature hot air meets the atomized solids in the granulator, the solids are inactivated by high temperature again and lose water instantly, thereby achieving solid drying and granulation.

8. The process for producing organic fertilizer by spraying granulation through harmless treatment of biopharmaceutical fungus residue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer produced and processed through the above process can obtain organic fertilizer with organic matter ≥55% and nutrients ≥12%.

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