A bottom-type tunnel desilting equipment and desilting method based on pulse jet soil-breaking effect

Abstract

The present invention discloses a bottom-attached tunnel dredging equipment and a dredging method based on the pulse jet ground-breaking effect, comprising a tracked traveling module, a connecting frame, a dredging module and a conveying pipeline, wherein the connecting frame is fixed on the front side of the tracked traveling module, and the conveying pipeline comprises a negative pressure water pipe and a high pressure water pipe; the jet module comprises a signal processing system, a high-precision sensor, a high-pressure water pump, a pulse controller and a steering gear; the suction module comprises a sludge inlet box, a connecting rod structure, a brush and a spiral centrifugal pump; the present invention can provide an efficient, energy-saving and stable operation mode in the tunnel dredging process through innovative pulse jet technology, a self-circulating system and a terrain adaptive design, and has high environmental adaptability, and is suitable for tunnel dredging operations in various complex terrains.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular relates to a bottom-attached tunnel dredging equipment and a dredging method based on the pulse jet ground-breaking effect. Background Art

[0002] In the construction and maintenance of tunnels and underground projects, the removal of sediment is an important and complex link. With the gradual deepening of infrastructure construction, especially the increase in tunnel projects that cross poor geology, the sudden outburst of sediment from water and mud flows generated by the tunnel walls has become more frequent. Sudden surges often have the characteristics of short occurrence time, large impact range, and difficulty in handling. Therefore, once sediment accumulates inside the tunnel, the dredging process is often slow, and may even cause another sudden surge due to untimely handling, delaying the construction period and increasing construction risks.

[0003] The insufficiency and reasons of the silt cleaning devices in the existing technology: 1. Low silt removal efficiency: Most traditional tunnel silt removal equipment relies on mechanical methods, such as scrapers, excavation, etc. These methods are inefficient in dealing with stubborn silt and cannot efficiently complete the silt removal task. In addition, mechanical methods are particularly weak in dealing with fine particles and cannot completely remove the silt at the bottom of the tunnel. 2. High energy consumption: Although the widely used constant jet silt removal technology can improve the silt removal effect, its high energy consumption problem is serious. The constant jet requires continuous high-pressure water flow, which has high power requirements for the equipment, resulting in increased energy consumption and operating costs. 3. Easy to clog: The traditional silt removal equipment fails to fully consider the complexity of silt in its design, especially for high-viscosity and large-particle silt, which easily causes the equipment's pipelines and pump systems to clog, increasing the difficulty of equipment maintenance and downtime. 4. Poor adaptability: The terrain at the bottom of the tunnel is complex and changeable, and the existing equipment is often unable to cope with these changes. For example, there may be uneven terrain, curved tunnel walls, and working environments with different water levels at the bottom of the tunnel. Existing silt cleaning equipment lacks adaptability and flexibility under these conditions, which greatly reduces the dredging effect. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a bottom-type tunnel desilting equipment and desilting method based on the pulse jet breaking effect, aiming to solve the technical problems of low efficiency, high energy consumption, easy clogging, poor adaptability and environmental pollution of existing desilting equipment. The present invention can effectively improve the desilting efficiency and reduce energy consumption by adopting pulse jet technology, and at the same time has good anti-clogging performance and can adapt to the complex terrain environment at the bottom of the tunnel. In addition, the present invention also minimizes the pollution to the environment during the desilting process through improved equipment structure design and optimized operation process, and provides a more efficient, energy-saving and adaptable tunnel desilting solution.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention provides a bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment based on the pulse jet soil-breaking effect, comprising a crawler-type traveling module 3, a connecting frame 4, a desilting module and a conveying pipeline, wherein the connecting frame 4 is fixed to the front side of the crawler-type traveling module 3, and the conveying pipeline comprises a negative pressure water pipe 9 and a high pressure water pipe 10;

[0007] The desilting module includes a jet module and a suction module, and the jet module includes a signal processing system, a high-precision sensor, a high-pressure water pump 12, a pulse controller and a steering gear 8, and the high-precision sensor, the high-pressure water pump 12, the pulse controller and the steering gear 8 are electrically connected to the signal processing system; the high-precision sensor, the steering gear 8 and the pulse controller are arranged at the front end of the connecting frame 4, the signal processing system and the high-pressure water pump 12 are arranged outside the tunnel 1, and the high-pressure water pump 12 is connected to the steering gear 8 through the high-pressure water pipe 10; the signal processing system controls the high-pressure water pump 12 and the pulse controller according to the hardness and particle size of the sediment at the bottom of the tunnel obtained by the high-precision sensor, and the pulse jet port 15 on one side of the steering gear 8 uses the water hammer effect to instantly generate a high-pressure water flow, which is used to effectively impact and break the stubborn sediment, mud and other sediments at the bottom of the tunnel 1;

[0008] The suction module includes a sludge inlet box 5, a connecting rod structure 6, a brush 7 and a spiral centrifugal pump 11. The sludge inlet box 5 is fixed at the front end of the connecting frame 4. The top two sides of the sludge inlet box 5 are connected to the brush 7 through the connecting rod structure 6. The brush 7 is used to push the sludge crushed by the jet module into the sludge inlet box 5. The brush 7 is also used to isolate the water flow to form a local closed flow field; the spiral centrifugal pump 11 is arranged outside the tunnel 1, and the spiral centrifugal pump 11 is connected to the sludge inlet box 5 through the negative pressure water pipe 9; the spiral centrifugal pump 11 is used to transport the silt crushed by the jet module to the mud collection device or the designated mud discharge point through the negative pressure water pipe 9.

[0009] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the suction module also includes a water level monitoring sensor, and the water level monitoring sensor is arranged in the sludge inlet box 5. When the water level monitoring sensor monitors that the water level height at the bottom of the tunnel 1 is reduced, the brush 7 is used to partially close the flow field to concentrate the silt in the closed flow field; when the water level monitoring sensor monitors that the water level height at the bottom of the tunnel 1 is increased, the jet angle and water pressure of the servo 8 are adjusted to clean the silt over a large area.

[0010] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the water inlet of the high-pressure water pump 12 is also connected to the water outlet of the spiral centrifugal pump 11 through a pipeline, so that a closed self-circulating system is formed between the jet module and the suction module. After the high-pressure water flow sprayed by the jet module breaks up the silt, most of the water flow is recovered and recycled by the suction module.

[0011] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the steering gear 8 and a section of high-pressure water pipe 10 close to the steering gear 8 are fixedly arranged on the top of the sludge inlet box 5, the connecting rod structure 6 is connected to the steering gear 8, and the pulse jet port 15 is arranged on the high-pressure water pipe 10 close to one side of the steering gear 8.

[0012] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the negative pressure water pipe 9 and the high pressure water pipe 10 both include multiple sections of detachable pipes.

[0013] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the crawler travel module 3 is equipped with a navigation system, which realizes precise control of the travel route of the crawler travel module 3 through multiple built-in sensors and automatic control algorithms. The navigation system can analyze the terrain, obstacles and the location of the dredging area in the tunnel in real time to ensure that the crawler travel module 3 can accurately reach the designated siltation point according to the planned route.

[0014] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, a terrain-adaptive swing arm structure is provided at the bottom of the crawler travel module 3. The terrain-adaptive swing arm structure has a built-in attitude sensor for real-time monitoring of terrain changes at the bottom of the tunnel. The angle and position of the swing arm are adjusted by a servo system to achieve close adhesion to the bottom of the tunnel 1.

[0015] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a bottom-type tunnel dredging method based on the pulse jet ground-breaking effect, which is implemented by a bottom-type tunnel dredging equipment based on the pulse jet ground-breaking effect of the above embodiment, and includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1, preparation for movement: before the desilting operation, the bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment 2 is first arranged in the area to be cleaned at the bottom of the tunnel 1. The crawler-type moving module 3 can adapt to the complex terrain at the bottom of the tunnel 1 to ensure that the equipment moves steadily to the position where desilting is required; during the movement of the crawler-type moving module 3, the built-in navigation system continuously monitors the position of the bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment 2 to ensure that the bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment 2 moves accurately to the target area along the planned route;

[0017] Step 2, pulse jetting ground breaking operation: when the bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment 2 reaches the target area, the jet module is started; the jet module realizes instantaneous high-pressure impact through the water hammer effect generated by the high-pressure water pump 12 and the pulse controller, and performs ground breaking operation on the sediment at the bottom of the tunnel 1; the pressure and injection angle of the pulse water flow can be adjusted in real time according to the viscosity and particle size characteristics of the tunnel sediment, so as to loosen and break the stubborn sediment to the maximum extent and ensure the best operation effect;

[0018] Step 3, suction and transportation: while the jet module is crushing the sludge, the suction module immediately follows to perform the sludge suction operation; the suction module adopts a spiral centrifugal pump 11, which sucks the loosened sludge into the sludge inlet box 5 through the negative pressure effect, and transports it to the designated sludge collection device or sludge discharge point through the negative pressure water pipe 9; the spiral centrifugal pump 11 has a self-cleaning function, which can effectively prevent the sludge from adhering to the pump blades during long-term operation, ensuring the continuous smooth operation of the suction module, thereby reducing the frequency of suction module maintenance;

[0019] Step 4, self-circulation system during dredging: a closed self-circulation system is formed between the jet module and the suction module; after the high-pressure water flow ejected by the jet module breaks up the silt, most of the water flow is recovered and recycled by the suction module, which greatly reduces the waste of water resources during dredging, effectively avoids secondary pollution in traditional dredging methods, and improves the environmental protection and efficiency of the operation.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide a bottom-type tunnel desilting equipment and desilting method based on the pulse jet ground-breaking effect, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) Improve dredging efficiency and ground-breaking ability. The pulse jet ground-breaking technology adopted by the present invention greatly improves the loosening and breaking ability of stubborn sediments at the bottom of the tunnel through the instantaneous high-pressure water hammer effect, solving the problem of low efficiency of traditional dredging equipment in handling high-viscosity sludge and large particles. Compared with traditional constant water flow, pulse water flow can more effectively transfer momentum, making the dredging process faster and more efficient, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of the overall dredging operation and reducing the dredging time.

[0022] (2) Enhance the adaptability and stability of the system. The dual-mode operation design of the present invention enables the equipment to not only efficiently break and clean up silt during underwater operation, but also maintain good silt removal performance under low water level conditions. Through the close cooperation of the jet module and the suction module, the equipment can automatically adjust the operation mode under different water levels and complex terrain conditions, ensuring the operation stability and efficiency of the equipment, and significantly improving the environmental adaptability of the system.

[0023] (3) Anti-clogging design improves the reliability of the equipment. By adopting a high-efficiency spiral pump and anti-clogging design, the present invention effectively solves the problem that traditional equipment is prone to clogging during long-term operation. The spiral blades have a self-cleaning function, ensuring that the system remains unobstructed during the sludge transportation process, reducing the maintenance requirements of the equipment and extending the continuous working time of the equipment, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the equipment.

[0024] (4) Reduce energy consumption and secondary pollution. The pulse jet technology and self-circulating dredging system adopted by the present invention can significantly reduce energy consumption. The pulse water flow reduces the need for continuous high-pressure water flow through efficient kinetic energy transfer, and the self-circulating system reduces water resource waste by recycling the jet water flow, thereby reducing the overall energy consumption and operating costs of the equipment. In addition, the self-circulating dredging system avoids secondary pollution generated during the dredging process through closed-loop circulation of the water flow, thereby improving the environmental friendliness of the dredging operation. The closed design ensures the cleanliness of the working area, reduces mud overflow, and meets environmental protection standards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a bottom-standing tunnel desilting equipment based on the pulse jet ground-breaking effect and operating in a tunnel is provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a bottom-type tunnel desilting equipment based on the pulse jet ground-breaking effect provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 3 A front view of a bottom-standing tunnel desilting equipment based on the pulse jet ground-breaking effect provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 4 A side view of a bottom-standing tunnel dredging equipment based on the pulse jet ground-breaking effect provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 5 A top view of a bottom-type tunnel desilting equipment based on the pulse jet ground-breaking effect provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the connection between a high-pressure water pump and a spiral centrifugal pump provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 7A partial structural schematic diagram of a dredging module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 8 A front view of a dredging module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a spiral centrifugal pump provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of breaking up sediment by a jet module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Fig.11 A flow chart of breaking up sediment by a jet module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Fig.12 A flow chart of extracting sludge by a suction module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Fig.13 A flow chart of sludge transport provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a bottom-type tunnel dredging equipment based on the pulse jet ground-breaking effect, and the bottom-type tunnel dredging equipment 2 works inside the tunnel 1.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment 2 includes a crawler-type traveling module 3, a connecting frame 4, a desilting module and a conveying pipeline. The connecting frame 4 is fixed to the front side of the crawler-type traveling module 3, and the conveying pipeline includes a negative pressure water pipe 9 and a high pressure water pipe 10. The desilting module is the core part of the entire bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment 2. The desilting module includes a jet module and a suction module. The jet module impacts and crushes the sediment at the bottom of the tunnel 1 through the pulse jet breaking effect, and the suction module is responsible for conveying the silt crushed by the jet module through the negative pressure water pipe 9.

[0042] The crawler travel module 3 is responsible for the movement of the entire bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment 2 at the bottom of the tunnel 1, and adopts a crawler structure to adapt to different terrains. The crawler travel module 3 is electrically driven and has good obstacle-crossing capabilities, ensuring that the equipment can smoothly pass through various complex terrains at the bottom of the tunnel 1. The crawler travel module 3 is equipped with a navigation system, which uses multiple built-in sensors and automatic control algorithms to achieve precise control of the travel route of the crawler travel module 3. The navigation system can analyze the terrain, obstacles and the location of the desilting area in the tunnel 1 in real time, ensuring that the crawler travel module 3 can accurately reach the designated siltation point according to the planned route, avoiding inefficiency or equipment damage caused by the bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment 2 deviating from the route. Especially in long-distance or complex tunnel operation environments, the navigation system ensures the positioning accuracy of the equipment through closed-loop control, greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of desilting operations.

[0043] A terrain-adaptive swing arm structure is provided at the bottom of the crawler travel module 3. The terrain-adaptive swing arm structure has a built-in attitude sensor for real-time monitoring of terrain changes at the bottom of the tunnel. The angle and position of the swing arm are adjusted through the servo system to achieve close adhesion to the bottom of the tunnel 1.

[0044] The connecting frame 4 is used to support and fix the various functional modules (dredging modules and conveying pipelines) of the bottom-mounted tunnel dredging equipment 2, and mainly plays the role of structural stability and functional module adjustment. The connecting frame 4 is made of lightweight alloy material, which has the characteristics of high strength, corrosion resistance and light weight. This design not only ensures that the bottom-mounted tunnel dredging equipment 2 has sufficient strength during operation and can withstand various impacts and vibrations in tunnel operations, but also effectively reduces the overall weight of the bottom-mounted tunnel dredging equipment 2, thereby improving the flexibility and moving speed of the bottom-mounted tunnel dredging equipment 2. The modular design also makes the maintenance and troubleshooting of the bottom-mounted tunnel dredging equipment 2 more convenient, greatly reduces downtime, and improves the operation continuity of the bottom-mounted tunnel dredging equipment 2.

[0045] like Figure 2 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig.10 and Fig.11As shown, the jet module includes a signal processing system, a high-precision sensor, a high-pressure water pump 12, a pulse controller and a steering gear 8, and the high-precision sensor, the high-pressure water pump 12, the pulse controller and the steering gear 8 are electrically connected to the signal processing system; the high-precision sensor, the steering gear 8 and the pulse controller are arranged on the connecting frame 4, the signal processing system and the high-pressure water pump 12 are arranged outside the tunnel 1, and the high-pressure water pump 12 is connected to the steering gear 8 through a high-pressure water pipe 10; a pulse jet port 15 is arranged at a section of the high-pressure water pump 12 near the high-pressure water pump 12, and the velocity and direction of the pulse jet port 15 are controlled by the steering gear 8. The signal processing system controls the high-pressure water pump 12 and the pulse controller according to the hardness and particle size of the sediment at the bottom of the tunnel obtained by the high-precision sensor, and the pulse jet port 15 on one side of the steering gear 8 uses the water hammer effect to instantly generate a high-pressure water flow, which is used to effectively impact and break the stubborn sediment 16, mud and other sediments at the bottom of the tunnel, refer to Fig.10 The powerful impact of the water hammer effect can not only break up the loose sand on the surface of the tunnel bottom, but is also particularly suitable for handling stubborn silt, clay and large-particle sediments. The jet module can dynamically adjust the pressure, frequency and angle of the jet according to different sediment characteristics such as density and hardness to ensure the maximum ground-breaking effect. This design improves dredging efficiency and reduces operation time and energy consumption.

[0046] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.12 and Fig.13As shown, the suction module includes a sludge inlet box 5, a connecting rod structure 6, a brush 7 and a spiral centrifugal pump 11. The sludge inlet box 5 is fixed at the front end of the connecting frame 4, and a dynamic attachment plate 13 is provided at the bottom of the sludge inlet box 5. A net bag 14 can also be provided at the opening of the sludge inlet box 5, and the net bag 14 plays the role of passing fine-grained sediments and blocking large-grained sludge blocks. Brushes 7 are connected to both sides of the top of the sludge inlet box 5 through a connecting rod structure 6. The brushes 7 are used to push the sludge crushed by the jet module into the sludge inlet box 5. The brushes 7 are also used to isolate the water flow to form a local closed flow field; the spiral centrifugal pump 11 is arranged outside the tunnel 1, and the spiral centrifugal pump 11 is connected to the sludge inlet box 5 through a negative pressure water pipe 9. The spiral centrifugal pump 11 is used to transport the silt crushed by the jet module to the mud collection device or the designated mud discharge point through the negative pressure water pipe 9, and ensure that the suction module can still maintain efficient dredging capabilities even in long-term continuous operation. The spiral centrifugal pump 11 of this embodiment has been optimized in design, and the spiral blades have a self-cleaning function, which can keep the blades clean during the silt transportation process and prevent silt from adhering to or clogging the blades. The self-cleaning design of the spiral centrifugal pump 11 effectively avoids the shutdown problem caused by clogging of the equipment during long-term operation, and improves the continuous operation capacity of the equipment. The steering gear 8 of this embodiment and a section of high-pressure water pipe 10 close to the steering gear 8 are fixedly arranged on the top of the sludge inlet box 5, the connecting rod structure 6 is connected to the steering gear 8, and the pulse jet port 15 is arranged on the high-pressure water pipe 10 close to the side of the steering gear 8.

[0047] The suction module also includes a water level monitoring sensor, which is arranged in the sludge inlet box 5. When the water level monitoring sensor detects that the water level at the bottom of the tunnel is lowered, the brush 7 is used to partially close the flow field to concentrate the silt in the closed flow field; when the water level monitoring sensor detects that the water level at the bottom of the tunnel is increased, the jet angle and water pressure of the servo 8 are adjusted to clean up the silt over a large area.

[0048] The water inlet of the high-pressure water pump 12 is also connected to the water outlet of the spiral centrifugal pump 11 through a pipeline to form a closed self-circulating system between the jet module and the suction module. After the high-pressure water flow sprayed by the jet module breaks up the silt, most of the water flow is recovered and recycled by the suction module.

[0049] Both the negative pressure water pipe 9 and the high pressure water pipe 10 include multiple sections of detachable pipes. The multi-section detachable pipe design is adopted, which enables the conveying pipeline to flexibly adjust the length of the pipeline according to the length of different tunnels and operating conditions, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the equipment. Wear resistance and corrosion resistance are taken into consideration in the design of the multi-section detachable pipeline, ensuring that it can maintain stable performance for a long time while conveying high-concentration sediment. The multi-section detachable design not only facilitates the transportation and assembly of the dredging module and the conveying pipeline, but also can quickly adjust the operating range of the dredging module and the conveying pipeline according to on-site needs, thereby improving the overall adaptability and ease of operation of the bottom-mounted tunnel dredging equipment.

[0050] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a bottom-type tunnel dredging method based on the pulse jet ground-breaking effect, which is implemented by a bottom-type tunnel dredging equipment based on the pulse jet ground-breaking effect of the above embodiment, and includes the following steps:

[0051] Step 1, preparation for movement: before the desilting operation, firstly, the bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment 2 is arranged in the area to be cleaned at the bottom of the tunnel 1, and the crawler-type moving module 3 can adapt to the complex terrain at the bottom of the tunnel 1, ensuring that the equipment moves steadily to the position where desilting is required; during the movement of the crawler-type moving module 3, the built-in navigation system continuously monitors the position of the bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment 2, ensuring that the bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment 2 moves accurately to the target area along the planned route;

[0052] Step 2, pulse jetting ground breaking operation: when the bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment 2 reaches the target area, the jet module is started; the jet module realizes instantaneous high-pressure impact through the water hammer effect generated by the high-pressure water pump 12 and the pulse controller, and performs ground breaking operation on the sediment at the bottom of the tunnel; the pressure and injection angle of the pulse water flow can be adjusted in real time according to the viscosity and particle size characteristics of the tunnel sediment, so as to loosen and break the stubborn sediment to the maximum extent and ensure the best operation effect;

[0053] Step 3, suction and transportation: while the jet module is crushing the sludge, the suction module immediately follows to perform the sludge suction operation; the suction module adopts a spiral centrifugal pump 11, which sucks the loosened sludge into the sludge inlet box 5 through the negative pressure effect, and transports it to the designated sludge collection device or sludge discharge point through the negative pressure water pipe 9; the spiral centrifugal pump 11 has a self-cleaning function, which can effectively prevent the sludge from adhering to the pump blades during long-term operation, ensuring the continuous smooth operation of the suction module, thereby reducing the frequency of suction module maintenance;

[0054] Step 4, self-circulation system during dredging: a closed self-circulation system is formed between the jet module and the suction module; after the high-pressure water flow ejected by the jet module breaks up the silt, most of the water flow is recovered and recycled by the suction module, which greatly reduces the waste of water resources during dredging, effectively avoids secondary pollution in traditional dredging methods, and improves the environmental protection and efficiency of the operation.

[0055] As mentioned above, a bottom-type tunnel dredging equipment and dredging method based on the pulse jet ground-breaking effect has the following advantages:

[0056] Local circulation dredging method that can adapt to different water depths: The bottom-type tunnel dredging equipment forms a closed local circulation dredging system through the coordinated work of the jet module and the suction module. At the same time, by adjusting the height of the dredging head from the bottom and the local closure, it can achieve flexible response to different water level conditions and improve the applicability of complex working conditions in the tunnel. Under low water level conditions, the height of the dredging head from the bottom is reduced, and local circulation operations are used to reduce water resource waste. The net bag design of the brush and sludge inlet box plays a role in isolating the water flow, forming a local closed flow field, ensuring that the water flow is concentrated on the sediment area, thereby avoiding energy loss and achieving efficient operation. Under high water level conditions, the height of the dredging head from the bottom is increased, and the equipment adopts targeted jet angles and water pressure adjustment technology to achieve large-area dredging operations and improve dredging efficiency.

[0057] Terrain-adaptive swing arm and dynamic attachment technology: The bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment adopts a terrain-adaptive swing arm design. The swing arm has a built-in attitude sensor that can monitor the terrain changes at the bottom of the tunnel in real time. The angle and position of the swing arm are adjusted through the servo system to achieve close attachment to the bottom of the tunnel. The swing arm is made of high-strength, wear-resistant and rust-proof composite materials with excellent corrosion resistance, suitable for long-term use in humid and corrosive tunnel environments. At the same time, the high-strength material ensures that the swing arm is not easily deformed during dynamic adjustment, maintaining the stability and strength of its structure. The wear-resistant characteristics ensure that the service life of the swing arm is extended in the case of frequent contact with the bottom of the tunnel, reducing maintenance requirements.

[0058] Anti-clogging high-efficiency spiral pump system: In view of the defect that traditional dredging equipment is easy to clog, the present invention designs a high-efficiency spiral centrifugal pump with anti-clogging function. The spiral centrifugal pump adopts specially designed spiral blades, taking into account multiple key geometric parameters, including blade wrap angle, blade inlet and outlet attack angle, blade inlet and outlet placement angle, etc. The special flow channel area change curve makes the pump have good passability and self-cleaning ability, which can effectively prevent silt from adhering to the blades during transportation. The blades are made of high-strength wear-resistant materials, with high toughness and corrosion resistance. They can cope with complex tunnel dredging environments and maintain good structural stability when facing high-viscosity silt and large-particle impurities.

[0059] The ground-breaking effect of pulse jet improves the efficiency of silt loosening: the bottom-type tunnel desilting equipment produces efficient pulse jets through the coordinated work of high-pressure water pumps and pulse controllers. The jet port equipped with a servo-controlled jet can achieve precise jet angle adjustment, so as to break various types of silt in a targeted manner according to different operational requirements. The jet direction and jet speed can be adjusted in real time according to factors such as the hardness, density and particle size of the silt at the bottom of the tunnel to ensure efficient silt removal under different geological conditions. The system adopts a multi-angle, variable-speed jet strategy to ensure that the pulse jet can fully act on all levels of the silt, especially when facing silt with strong viscosity or large particles, the jet can penetrate into the deep layer of the silt and break it thoroughly.

[0060] In summary, although the present invention has been disclosed as above in terms of preferred embodiments, the above preferred embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be based on the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A bottom-type tunnel desilting equipment based on pulse jet ground-breaking effect, characterized in that: It comprises a crawler-type traveling module (3), a connecting frame (4), a dredging module and a conveying pipeline, wherein the connecting frame (4) is fixed to the front side of the crawler-type traveling module (3), and the conveying pipeline comprises a negative pressure water pipe (9) and a high pressure water pipe (10); The desilting module comprises a jet module and a suction module, the jet module comprises a signal processing system, a high-precision sensor, a high-pressure water pump (12), a pulse controller and a steering gear (8), and the high-precision sensor, the high-pressure water pump (12), the pulse controller and the steering gear (8) are electrically connected to the signal processing system; the high-precision sensor, the steering gear (8) and the pulse controller are arranged at the front end of the connecting frame (4), the signal processing system and the high-pressure water pump (12) are arranged outside the tunnel (1), and the high-pressure water pump (12) is connected to the steering gear (8) through the high-pressure water pipe (10); the signal processing system controls the high-pressure water pump (12) and the pulse controller according to the hardness and particle size of the sediment at the bottom of the tunnel obtained by the high-precision sensor, and the pulse jet port (15) on one side of the steering gear (8) uses the water hammer effect to instantly generate a high-pressure water flow for effectively impacting and breaking the stubborn sediment, silt and other sediments at the bottom of the tunnel (1); The suction module comprises a sludge inlet box (5), a connecting rod structure (6), a brush (7) and a spiral centrifugal pump (11); the sludge inlet box (5) is fixed to the front end of the connecting frame (4); both sides of the top of the sludge inlet box (5) are connected to the brush (7) via the connecting rod structure (6); the brush (7) is used to push the sludge crushed by the jet module into the sludge inlet box (5); the brush (7) is also used to isolate the water flow to form a local closed flow field; the spiral centrifugal pump (11) is arranged outside the tunnel (1); the spiral centrifugal pump (11) is connected to the sludge inlet box (5) via the negative pressure water pipe (9); the spiral centrifugal pump (11) is used to transport the sludge crushed by the jet module to a sludge collection device or a designated sludge discharge point via the negative pressure water pipe (9); The suction module further comprises a water level monitoring sensor, which is arranged in the sludge inlet box (5). When the water level monitoring sensor monitors that the water level at the bottom of the tunnel (1) decreases, the brush (7) is used to partially close the flow field and concentrate the suction of the sludge in the closed flow field. When the water level monitoring sensor monitors that the water level at the bottom of the tunnel (1) increases, the jet angle and water pressure of the steering gear (8) are adjusted to clean up the sludge over a large area.

2. The bottom-closed tunnel desilting equipment based on pulse jet ground-breaking effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water inlet of the high-pressure water pump (12) is also connected to the water outlet of the spiral centrifugal pump (11) through a pipeline, so that a closed self-circulating system is formed between the jet module and the suction module. After the high-pressure water flow ejected by the jet module breaks up the sediment, most of the water flow is recovered by the suction module and recycled.

3. The bottom-closed tunnel desilting equipment based on pulse jet ground-breaking effect according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The steering gear (8) and a section of a high-pressure water pipe (10) close to the steering gear (8) are fixedly arranged on the top of the sludge inlet box (5), the connecting rod structure (6) is connected to the steering gear (8), and the pulse jet port (15) is arranged on the high-pressure water pipe (10) close to one side of the steering gear (8).

4. The bottom-closed tunnel desilting equipment based on pulse jet ground-breaking effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The negative pressure water pipe (9) and the high pressure water pipe (10) both comprise multiple sections of detachable pipes.

5. The bottom-closed tunnel desilting equipment based on pulse jet ground-breaking effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The crawler-type traveling module (3) is equipped with a navigation system, which realizes precise control of the traveling route of the crawler-type traveling module (3) through multiple built-in sensors and automatic control algorithms. The navigation system can analyze the terrain, obstacles and the location of the silt removal area in the tunnel in real time, ensuring that the crawler-type traveling module (3) can accurately reach the designated siltation point according to the planned route.

6. The bottom-closed tunnel desilting equipment based on pulse jet ground-breaking effect according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A terrain-adaptive swing arm structure is provided at the bottom of the crawler travel module (3). The terrain-adaptive swing arm structure has a built-in attitude sensor for real-time monitoring of terrain changes at the bottom of the tunnel. The angle and position of the swing arm are adjusted by a servo system to achieve close adhesion to the bottom of the tunnel (1).

7. A method for bottom-dredging tunnel based on pulse jet ground-breaking effect, which is achieved by a bottom-dredging tunnel based on pulse jet ground-breaking effect as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, preparation for movement: before the desilting operation, the bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment (2) is first arranged in the area to be cleaned at the bottom of the tunnel (1), and the crawler-type moving module (3) can adapt to the complex terrain at the bottom of the tunnel (1) to ensure that the equipment moves steadily to the position where desilting is required; during the movement of the crawler-type moving module (3), the built-in navigation system continuously monitors the position of the bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment (2) to ensure that the bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment (2) moves accurately to the target area along the planned route; Step 2, pulse jetting ground breaking operation: when the bottom-attached tunnel desilting equipment (2) reaches the target area, the jetting module is started; the jetting module realizes instantaneous high-pressure impact through the water hammer effect generated by the high-pressure water pump (12) and the pulse controller, and performs ground breaking operation on the sediment at the bottom of the tunnel (1); the pressure and injection angle of the pulse water flow can be adjusted in real time according to the viscosity and particle size characteristics of the tunnel sediment, so as to loosen and break up the stubborn sediment to the maximum extent, and ensure the best operation effect; Step 3, suction and transportation: while the jet module is crushing the sludge, the suction module immediately follows to perform the sludge suction operation; the suction module uses a spiral centrifugal pump (11) to suck the loosened sludge into the sludge inlet box (5) through the negative pressure effect, and transports the sludge to a designated sludge collection device or sludge discharge point through a negative pressure water pipe (9); the spiral centrifugal pump (11) has a self-cleaning function, which can effectively prevent sludge from adhering to the pump blades during long-term operation, ensuring that the suction module continues to operate smoothly, thereby reducing the frequency of maintenance of the suction module; Step 4, self-circulation system during dredging: a closed self-circulation system is formed between the jet module and the suction module; after the high-pressure water flow ejected by the jet module breaks up the sediment, most of the water flow is recovered and recycled by the suction module.

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