Efficient wet dust removal device suitable for driving working face

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine dust prevention, and relates to an efficient wet dust removal device suitable for a driving working face. The pre-wetting device, the first-stage dust removal device, the first-stage dehydrator, the fan, the second-stage dust removal device, the second-stage dehydrator and the silencer are sequentially arranged in the dust removal device body from the air inlet to the air outlet, and a sewage pump is further arranged on the dust removal device body below the first-stage dust removal device. A two-stage dust removal mode is adopted, the first-stage dust removal removes most of dust in dust-containing airflow, the second-stage dust removal further removes residual dust, especially respirable dust, so that the fan impeller is prevented from being exposed in the dust-containing airflow to cause abrasion damage, and the dust removal efficiency is improved; the problems that a fan is easy to damage and the dust removal efficiency is not high enough when an existing wet dust collector is used for roadway tunneling are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine dust prevention and relates to a high-efficiency wet dust removal device suitable for an excavation working face. Background Art

[0002] Coal mining and tunneling are the two main sources of dust in coal mines. With the application of high-power mechanical excavation equipment such as integrated excavators and shield machines, the speed of tunnel excavation has been greatly accelerated, with a daily advance of up to 40m, several times the speed of traditional comprehensive excavation. The amount of dust generated is also much greater. The dust concentration at the excavation face is as high as 1000mg / m3 or more, and the dust concentration even exceeds 2000mg / m3 during rapid excavation of semi-coal-rock tunnels. High-concentration dust not only seriously affects the health of workers and causes occupational hazards such as pneumoconiosis, but also limits visibility at the work site. Blurred vision of workers can easily lead to accidents.

[0003] Wet dust removal devices are often used in excavation working faces to purify dust. The wet dust removal device uses a fan to draw the dust-laden airflow into the dust removal device for processing. It generally includes a fan, a spray component, a filter component, a dehydration component, and a noise control component. After the dust-laden airflow enters the dust removal device, it is moistened by the droplets generated by the spray device. When it flows through the filter component, the dust and water mixture is intercepted and settles to the bottom of the dust removal device under the action of its own weight and water flow, and is discharged through the sewage pipe. The remaining air and water mixture flows through the dehydration component, and the water mist forms water droplets that are captured and settled, and are discharged through the sewage pipe. Clean air is discharged from the tail of the dust removal device.

[0004] When excavating rock tunnels or semi-coal and semi-rock tunnels, the rock dust concentration is high and the viscosity is strong. When the filtering and dehydrating components of the wet dust removal device are arranged at the rear end of the fan outlet, the dust-laden airflow first contacts the fan impeller after entering the dust collector, and the dust is easy to adhere to the impeller, destroying the dynamic balance of the impeller, causing damage to the fan motor, short motor life and high maintenance costs. A large amount of dust washes the fan impeller at high speed for a long time, causing the impeller to wear and damage. To solve this problem, the fan is arranged at the rear end of the filtering and dehydrating components to avoid a large amount of dust washing the fan impeller. Under this layout, the wind pressure in the dust removal chamber is negative, and the sewage accumulated at the bottom of the dust removal chamber is affected by the external atmospheric pressure and is not easy to discharge; and because the inlet dust concentration changes with the working conditions, the resistance generated by the spray changes accordingly, and the negative pressure inside the dust collector chamber continues to fluctuate, resulting in unstable negative pressure drainage. Part of the dust-laden sewage is directly discharged to the fan flow channel and then discharged into the atmosphere, and the dust removal efficiency is low. In addition, when using negative pressure dehydration, the water-gas mixture is not mixed by the high-speed disturbance of the fan impeller before dehydration, and the capture and removal efficiency of respirable dust (i.e. dust with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 7.07) is not high, resulting in low overall dust removal efficiency, especially for respirable dust that is most harmful to the human body. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency wet dust removal device suitable for excavation working face, which adopts a two-stage dust removal method. The first stage dust removal removes most of the dust in the dust-laden airflow, and the second stage dust removal further removes residual dust, especially respirable dust, to avoid the fan impeller being exposed to the dust-laden airflow and causing wear and damage, and to improve the dust removal efficiency, thereby solving the problem that the fan is easily damaged and the dust removal efficiency is not high enough when the current wet dust collector is used for tunnel excavation.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a high-efficiency wet dust removal device suitable for an excavation working face, comprising a dust removal device body, and a pre-wetting device, a first-stage dust removal device, a first-stage dehydrator, a fan, a second-stage dust removal device, a second-stage dehydrator and a muffler which are sequentially arranged in the dust removal device body from the air inlet to the air outlet, and a sewage pump is also arranged on the dust removal device body below the first-stage dust removal device.

[0007] Optionally, a pre-wetting device is used to pre-wet the dust-laden airflow entering the dust removal device, and includes a nozzle and an unpowered mixer. The nozzle generates a fog field to cover the air inlet. The unpowered mixer includes an impeller, a bearing and a mounting seat. When the dust-laden airflow flows through, the impeller is driven to rotate, thereby stirring water droplets and dust in the mixed airflow.

[0008] Optionally, the impeller of the unpowered mixer is rotated by the high-speed flow of the dust-laden air stream, without the need for an external power source.

[0009] Optionally, the first-stage dust removal device is used to remove most of the dust in the dust-laden airflow, including a first-stage spray rack and a first-stage filter screen. The first-stage spray rack includes a spray pipe and a nozzle. The first-stage filter screen adopts a combination of 1 layer of 4-mesh metal mesh frame and 4-6 layers of 20-mesh metal mesh.

[0010] Optionally, the first-stage filter has an angle of 60-80 degrees with the horizontal and is inclined along the air inlet direction.

[0011] Optionally, the first-stage dehydrator adopts a corrugated plate structure to remove the dust-water mixture in the dust-laden airflow; the dehydration wind speed of the first-stage dehydrator is 5-7m / s.

[0012] Optionally, the fan is located downstream of the first-stage dust removal device and the first-stage dehydrator, so that the free fine dust particles in the dust-laden airflow are further merged with the water droplets; the impeller of the fan rotates at a high speed of 2900r / min, so that the fine dust particles in the airflow are further merged with the water droplets to form a dust-water mixture.

[0013] Optionally, the second-stage dust removal device is used to further remove residual dust in the dust-laden airflow, including a second-stage spray rack and a second-stage filter. The second-stage filter adopts a combination of 1 layer of 4-mesh metal mesh skeleton and 4-6 layers of 50-60 mesh metal mesh; the nozzle arrangement position and quantity of the first-stage spray rack and the second-stage spray rack are determined according to the corresponding filter. The nozzle is 100-150mm away from the filter, and the spray field completely covers the filter surface.

[0014] Optionally, the second stage dehydrator adopts a corrugated plate structure to remove finer dust-water mixtures, and the dehydration wind speed of the second stage dehydrator is 7-9m / s.

[0015] Optionally, a muffler is arranged at the air outlet of the dust removal device.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1) The pre-wetting device of the present invention uses an unpowered impeller to stir the dust-laden airflow entering the dust removal device, so that the dust and the spray are mixed and wetted, thereby improving the dust removal efficiency;

[0018] 2) The present invention adopts a two-stage dust removal and dehydration method. The first stage dust removal removes most of the dust, mainly medium and coarse dust particles; the second stage dust removal mainly removes fine dust particles; the graded dust removal selects corresponding filtering and dehydration parameters according to the dust characteristics, which is conducive to improving the overall dust removal efficiency;

[0019] 3) The fan impeller of the present invention is located behind the first-stage dust removal and dehydration device and is in a relatively clean airflow, which prevents the high-concentration dust on the excavation working face from eroding and damaging the impeller and causing wear and damage, thereby reducing the failure rate and maintenance cost;

[0020] 4) The present invention utilizes the high-speed rotation and stirring of the fan impeller to mix the fine dust and water mist in the air flow, thereby improving the capture and removal efficiency of respirable dust.

[0021] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a left side view of the unpowered mixer of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a front view of the unpowered mixer of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a front view of the spray rack of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a side view of the spray rack of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the filter screen of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Magnified image of .

[0030] Figure numerals: pre-wetting device 1, nozzle 11, unpowered mixer 12, impeller 121, bearing 122, mounting seat 123, first-stage dust removal device 2, first-stage spray rack 21, spray pipe 211, nozzle 212, first-stage filter 22, frame 221, metal mesh 222, first-stage dehydrator 3, fan 4, second-stage dust removal device 5, second-stage spray rack 51, second-stage filter 52, second-stage dehydrator 6, muffler 7, sewage pump 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments only illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0032] Among them, the drawings are only used for illustrative explanations, and they only represent schematic diagrams rather than actual pictures, and should not be understood as limitations on the present invention. In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of actual products. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0033] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship, they are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the position relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] See also Figure 1 to Figure 7, which is a high-efficiency wet dust removal device suitable for excavation working face, including a dust removal device body, and a pre-wetting device 1, a first-stage dust removal device 2, a first-stage dehydrator 3, a fan 4, 5-a second-stage dust removal device, a second-stage dehydrator 6 and a muffler 7 are sequentially arranged in the dust removal device body along the air inlet to the air outlet. A sewage pump 8 is also arranged on the dust removal device body below the first-stage dust removal device 2. The pre-wetting device 1 is used to pre-wet the dust-containing airflow entering the dust removal device, and includes a nozzle 11 and a non-powered mixer 12. The nozzle 11 is a small flow and large opening angle type. When working, a fog field is generated to cover the air inlet, which The dust-containing airflow entering the dust removal device is pre-moistened. The unpowered mixer 12 includes an impeller 121, a bearing 122 and a mounting seat 123. When the dust-containing airflow flows through, the impeller 121 is driven to rotate to stir the water droplets and dust in the mixed airflow. The impeller 121 of the unpowered mixer 12 is driven to rotate by the high-speed flow of the dust-containing airflow, and no external power source is required. The first-stage dust removal device 2 is used to remove most of the dust in the dust-containing airflow, including a first-stage spray rack 21 and a first-stage filter 22. The first-stage spray rack 21 includes a spray pipe 211 and a nozzle 212. The first-stage filter 22 uses a 1-layer skeleton 221 and 4-6 layers of metal The first-stage filter screen 22 is a combination of a mesh 222 (20 meshes), the first-stage filter screen 22 is at an angle of 60-80 degrees to the horizontal and is inclined along the air inlet direction. The first-stage dehydrator 3 adopts a corrugated plate structure to remove the dust-water mixture in the dust-containing airflow; the dehydration wind speed of the first-stage dehydrator 3 is 5-7m / s, and the fan 4 is located downstream of the first-stage dust removal device 2 and the first-stage dehydrator 3, so that the free fine dust particles in the dust-containing airflow are further fused with water droplets; the impeller of the fan 4 rotates at a high speed of 2900r / min, so that the fine dust particles in the airflow are further fused with water droplets to form a dust-water mixture, and the second-stage dust removal device is used to enter The residual dust in the dust-laden airflow is removed in one step, including the second-stage spray rack 51 and 52-the second-stage filter screen, 52-the second-stage filter screen adopts a combination of 1 layer of skeleton and 4-6 layers of metal mesh (50-60 mesh); the nozzle arrangement position and quantity of the first-stage spray rack 21 and the second-stage spray rack 51 are determined according to the corresponding filter screen, the nozzle is 100-150mm away from the filter screen, and the spray field completely covers the filter screen surface. The second-stage dehydration device 6 adopts a corrugated plate structure for removing finer dust-water mixtures. The dehydration wind speed of the second-stage dehydrator 6 is 7-9m / s, and the muffler 7 is arranged at the air outlet of the dust removal device.

[0035] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0036] The dust-laden airflow first enters the pre-wetting device 1, and the dust and water droplets are fully mixed and wetted through the fog field generated by the nozzle 11 and the stirring action of the unpowered mixer 12. Then, the airflow enters the first-stage dust removal device 2, and the water mist is sprayed through the nozzle 212 of the spray rack 21, so that the dust particles are further wetted and attached to the filter screen 22. Most of the dust (mainly medium and coarse dust particles) is removed in the first-stage dust removal device 2, and the dust-water mixture is removed and discharged in the first-stage dehydrator 3. After preliminary dust removal and dehydration, the airflow enters the fan 4. Under the high-speed rotation of the impeller, the free fine dust particles and water droplets further merge to form a dust-water mixture. These mixtures enter the second-stage dust removal device 5 with the airflow and are intercepted by a finer filter screen 52. Finally, the airflow enters the second-stage dehydrator 6 for dehydration again to ensure that the discharged air is clean and dust-free. During the entire dust removal process, the sewage pump 8 continues to work to extract and discharge the dust-water mixture at the bottom of the dehydrator. The muffler 7 is used to reduce the noise during the operation of the dust removal device and improve the working environment.

[0037] Through the above structure and working principle, the high-efficiency wet dust removal device of the present invention can significantly improve the dust removal efficiency, reduce the dust concentration on the excavation working face, and improve the working environment of the operators.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency wet dust removal device suitable for excavation working face, characterized by: It includes a dust removal device body, and a pre-wetting device, a first-stage dust removal device, a first-stage dehydrator, a fan, a second-stage dust removal device, a second-stage dehydration device and a muffler which are sequentially arranged in the dust removal device body from the air inlet to the air outlet. A sewage pump is also arranged on the dust removal device body below the first-stage dust removal device.

2. The high-efficiency wet dust removal device suitable for excavation working face according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pre-wetting device is used to pre-wet the dust-laden airflow entering the dust removal device, and includes a nozzle and an unpowered mixer. The nozzle generates a fog field to cover the air inlet. The unpowered mixer includes an impeller, a bearing and a mounting seat. When the dust-laden airflow flows through, the impeller is driven to rotate, stirring the water droplets and dust in the mixed airflow.

3. The high-efficiency wet dust removal device suitable for excavation working face according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The impeller of the unpowered mixer is driven to rotate by the high-speed flow of the dust-laden airflow, and no external power source is required.

4. The high-efficiency wet dust removal device suitable for excavation working face according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first-stage dust removal device is used to remove most of the dust in the dust-laden airflow, and includes a first-stage spray rack and a first-stage filter. The first-stage spray rack includes a spray pipe and a nozzle. The first-stage filter adopts a combination of 1 layer of 4-mesh metal mesh frame and 4-6 layers of 20-mesh metal mesh.

5. The high-efficiency wet dust removal device suitable for excavation working face according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The first-stage filter has an angle of 60-80 degrees with the horizontal and is inclined in the air inlet direction.

6. The high-efficiency wet dust removal device suitable for excavation working face according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first stage dehydrator adopts a corrugated plate structure to remove the dust-water mixture in the dust-laden airflow; the dehydration wind speed of the first stage dehydrator is 5-7m / s.

7. The high-efficiency wet dust removal device suitable for excavation working face according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fan is located downstream of the first-stage dust removal device and the first-stage dehydrator, so that the free fine dust particles in the dust-laden airflow are further merged with the water droplets; the impeller of the fan rotates at a high speed of 2900r / min, so that the fine dust particles in the airflow are further merged with the water droplets to form a dust-water mixture.

8. The high-efficiency wet dust removal device suitable for excavation working face according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The second-stage dust removal device is used to further remove residual dust in the dust-laden airflow, including a second-stage spray rack and a second-stage filter screen. The second-stage filter screen is a combination of a 1-layer 4-mesh metal mesh frame and 4-6 layers of 50-60-mesh metal mesh; The nozzle arrangement position and quantity of the first-stage spray rack and the second-stage spray rack are determined according to the corresponding filter screen. The nozzle is 100-150mm away from the filter screen, and the spray field completely covers the filter screen surface.

9. The high-efficiency wet dust removal device suitable for excavation working face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second stage dehydration device adopts a corrugated plate structure to remove finer dust-water mixtures. The dehydration wind speed of the second stage dehydrator is 7-9m / s.

10. The high-efficiency wet dust removal device suitable for excavation working face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The muffler is arranged at the air outlet of the dust removal device.

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