Ceramic dielectric resonance integrated antenna module for 5G base station

Abstract

The invention discloses a ceramic dielectric resonance integrated antenna module for a 5G base station, and the module comprises a dielectric substrate, the top of the dielectric substrate is provided with an array composed of M * N antenna units, and the bottom of the dielectric substrate is provided with a microstrip feed structure. The antenna unit comprises radiators, every two adjacent radiators are connected through a first connector, and every two adjacent first connectors are distributed in a front-back staggered mode. Two adjacent rows of antenna units are symmetrical along an axis between the two antenna units; the array comprises an upper half array and a lower half array, and in each half array, two adjacent rows of antenna units are connected through a second connector; the upper and lower half arrays are connected through a third connector; the height of the radiator is a half wavelength or a wavelength. According to the invention, the antenna units are connected through the three connectors to form a snakelike structure, so that the processing consistency can be considered, and the isolation between the antenna units can be ensured. In addition, the radiation gain of the antenna can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for a 5G base station. Background Art

[0004] 5G base stations usually need to use large-scale array antennas to achieve sufficient radiation gain. Dielectric resonant antennas (DRA for short) use high dielectric constant and low loss dielectric materials to improve the gain and radiation efficiency of antenna units, so they are used in 5G base stations. However, the antenna modules used in 5G base stations in the prior art often have the following defects: ① Since the isolation between antenna units is an important indicator affecting antenna performance, each antenna unit is often designed as a discrete structure in the prior art to ensure the isolation between each antenna unit. However, each antenna unit in the discrete structure needs to be fixed separately, which easily leads to processing inconsistencies between different antenna units, thereby causing deterioration of antenna performance. Therefore, how to balance processing consistency and isolation is a problem that needs to be solved in the prior art. ② The gain of the antenna in the prior art is low, and how to improve the antenna gain is also a problem worth studying. Summary of the invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for a 5G base station that can take into account both processing consistency and isolation and can effectively improve gain.

[0007] Technical solution: The ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for 5G base stations described in the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, an array composed of M×N antenna units is arranged on the top of the dielectric substrate, and a microstrip feeding structure is arranged at the bottom of the dielectric substrate; the antenna unit includes a radiator, and two adjacent radiators are connected by a first connector, and two adjacent first connectors are staggered front and back; two adjacent rows of antenna units are symmetrical along the axis between them; the array includes upper and lower half arrays, and in each half array, two adjacent rows of antenna units are connected by a second connector; the upper and lower half arrays are connected by a third connector; the height of the radiator is half a wavelength or one wavelength.

[0008] Furthermore, one of the two adjacent first connectors is located at the front end of the radiator, and the other is located at the rear end of the radiator; the height of the first connector is less than one ninth of the height of the radiator, and the spacing between the two adjacent radiators is one half wavelength. In this way, the distance between the two adjacent first connectors is maximized, and the relative height of the first connector and the radiator and the spacing between the two adjacent radiators are controlled, which can further improve the isolation between the antenna units.

[0009] Furthermore, in each half array, the first connectors in the middle of two adjacent rows of antenna units are connected by a second connector, and the spacing between the two adjacent rows of antenna units is half a wavelength. In this way, the two adjacent rows of antenna units are connected only through the middle, which can further improve the isolation, and only one second connector can further reduce the difficulty of processing.

[0010] Furthermore, there are two third connectors on the left and the right, the third connector on the left is connected to the first connector on the leftmost side of the upper and lower half arrays, and the third connector on the right is connected to the first connector on the rightmost side of the upper and lower half arrays. The reason why a second connector located in the middle is used to connect two adjacent rows of antenna units, and two third connectors located on the left and the right are used to connect between the upper and lower half arrays, rather than using a second connector located in the middle or a third connector located on the left and the right in both places, is because there are many pairs of antenna units in two adjacent rows, and each pair of antenna units needs to be connected. If two third connectors located on the left and the right are used for connection, the number of connectors will increase and the isolation will be reduced; while the two third connectors located on the left and the right are used to connect the upper and lower half arrays, on the one hand, it can avoid the situation where the same first connector located in the middle is connected to both the second connector and the third connector, which leads to a decrease in isolation, and can effectively balance the left and right arrays, avoiding the situation where left and right asymmetry or even partial warping occurs during the processing, thereby affecting the performance of the antenna.

[0011] Furthermore, the two third connectors are fixedly connected to the dielectric substrate by plastic screws. In the prior art, glue is usually used to fix the antenna module to the dielectric substrate. However, the glue itself has a thickness and it is easy to cause uneven glue thickness due to uneven application, thereby causing the antenna radiation performance to deteriorate. Therefore, this solution creatively replaces the glue with plastic screws, which can avoid the uneven thickness, effectively improve the antenna radiation performance, and reduce the processing difficulty.

[0012] Furthermore, the top of the dielectric substrate is provided with the same number of feeding slots as the antenna units, one feeding slot is located at the bottom of one antenna unit, the feeding slots include a first longitudinal slot and a second longitudinal slot that are parallel, and the middle of the first longitudinal slot is connected to the middle of the second longitudinal slot through a transverse slot. This can further improve the feeding effect, thereby improving the radiation gain of the antenna.

[0013] Furthermore, the microstrip feeding structure includes microstrip feeding lines having the same number as the feeding slots, and the microstrip feeding line includes a first horizontal branch, one end of the first horizontal branch is used for inputting signals, the other end of the first horizontal branch is connected to one end of the first vertical branch, the other end of the first vertical branch is connected to one end of the second horizontal branch, and the other end of the second horizontal branch is connected to one end of the second vertical branch; the projection of the second vertical branch on the top of the dielectric substrate is perpendicular to the horizontal slot of the feeding slot. The feeding slot is designed to have a structure with a first vertical slot, a second vertical slot and a horizontal slot, and is combined with a microstrip feeding line structure having a first horizontal branch, a first vertical branch, a second horizontal branch and a second vertical branch, which can further improve the feeding effect, thereby improving the antenna radiation gain.

[0014] Furthermore, the microstrip feeding structure includes a microstrip feeding line having the same number as the feeding slots, and the microstrip feeding line includes a third horizontal branch, one end of the third horizontal branch is used for inputting signals, the other end of the third horizontal branch is connected to one end of the third vertical branch, the other end of the third vertical branch is connected to one end of the fourth horizontal branch, the other end of the fourth horizontal branch is connected to one end of the fourth vertical branch, the other end of the fourth vertical branch is connected to one end of the fifth horizontal branch, and the other end of the fifth horizontal branch is connected to one end of the fifth vertical branch; the projection of the fifth vertical branch on the top of the dielectric substrate is perpendicular to the horizontal slot of the feeding slot. Designing the feeding slot to have a structure having a first vertical slot, a second vertical slot and a horizontal slot, and cooperating with a microstrip feeding line structure having a third horizontal branch, a third vertical branch, a fourth horizontal branch, a fourth vertical branch, a fifth horizontal branch and a fifth vertical branch, can further improve the feeding effect, thereby improving the antenna radiation gain.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a power division network, which adopts a microstrip structure and is connected to the microstrip feeder line to divide the signal to each microstrip feeder line, so as to facilitate testing.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a coplanar waveguide connector, which is connected to the power division network, so that it is convenient to install the connector during testing.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The present invention discloses a ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for a 5G base station, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0018] 1. The present invention realizes the integration of the entire antenna module by connecting two adjacent radiators through a first connector, connecting two adjacent rows of antenna units through a second connector, and connecting the upper and lower half arrays through a third connector. It is unnecessary to fix each antenna unit separately, which can effectively improve the consistency of processing and improve antenna performance.

[0019] 2. The present invention forms a "snake-shaped structure" by staggering two adjacent first connectors in a front-to-back manner, thereby increasing the distance between the two first connectors and effectively improving the isolation between the antenna units; that is, the present invention can take into account both processing consistency and isolation;

[0020] 3. The present invention sets the height of the radiator to half a wavelength or one wavelength, which can stimulate TE113 or TE115 high-order modes, thereby effectively improving the gain of the antenna;

[0021] 4. The present invention uses a second connector located in the middle to connect two adjacent rows of antenna units, which can reduce the number of second connectors as much as possible and improve isolation while taking into account processing consistency; the present invention uses two third connectors located on the left and right to connect the upper and lower half arrays, rather than using a third connector located in the middle. This can avoid the situation where the same first connector located in the middle is connected to both the second connector and the third connector, which leads to a decrease in isolation, and can effectively balance the left and right arrays, avoiding left-right asymmetry or even partial warping during the processing process, thereby affecting the performance of the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of an antenna module in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A top view of an antenna module in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the radiator, the first connector and the dielectric substrate in a specific implementation manner of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the front side of the dielectric substrate in a specific implementation mode of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the back side of the dielectric substrate in a specific implementation manner of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coupling between the feeding slot and the microstrip feeding line in a specific implementation manner of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a simulation result diagram of antenna radiation gain in a specific implementation manner of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] This specific embodiment discloses a ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for a 5G base station, such as Figure 1-5As shown, it includes a dielectric substrate 4, and an array composed of M×N antenna units is arranged on the top of the dielectric substrate 4. In this specific implementation, M=N=4 is used as an example.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the antenna unit includes a radiator 1, which is in the shape of a cube, with a height of half a wavelength or one wavelength, and a spacing between two adjacent radiators 1 of half a wavelength. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, two adjacent radiators 1 are connected by first connectors 21, and the two adjacent first connectors 21 are staggered front and back to form a "snake structure". In a preferred embodiment, one of the two adjacent first connectors 21 is located at the front end of the radiator 1, and the other is located at the rear end of the radiator 1, and the height of the first connector 21 is less than one ninth of the height of the radiator 1. Figure 1-Figure 3 shown. Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram, which only shows the situation that there is a radiator 1 and a first connector 21 on the dielectric substrate 4.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, two adjacent rows of antenna units are symmetrical along the axis between them, and the spacing between the two adjacent rows of antenna units is half a wavelength. The array includes an upper and lower half array, and in each half array, two adjacent rows of antenna units are connected by a second connector 22. The upper and lower half arrays are connected by a third connector 23. In a preferred embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, the first connectors 21 in the middle of two adjacent rows of antenna units are connected by a second connector 22, and there are two third connectors 23 on the left and the right. The third connector 23 on the left is connected to the leftmost first connector 21 of the upper and lower half arrays, and the third connector 23 on the right is connected to the rightmost first connector 21 of the upper and lower half arrays. Both third connectors 23 are fixedly connected to the dielectric substrate 4 by plastic screws 3.

[0034] The top of the dielectric substrate 4 is provided with feeding slots 5 having the same number as the antenna units. Figure 4 As shown, since there are 16 antenna units, there are also 16 feeding slots 5, and one feeding slot 5 is located at the bottom of one antenna unit, corresponding one to one. Figure 6 As shown, the feeding slot 5 includes a first longitudinal slot 51 and a second longitudinal slot 52 which are parallel to each other. The middle of the first longitudinal slot 51 is connected to the middle of the second longitudinal slot 52 via a transverse slot 53 to form an "I"-shaped structure.

[0035] A microstrip feeding structure is provided at the bottom of the dielectric substrate 4. The microstrip feeding structure includes microstrip feeding lines 6 having the same number as the feeding slots 5. Figure 5 As shown, there are two embodiments of the microstrip feed line 6. Figure 5 The first and third rows of microstrip feed lines 6 use the first embodiment, and the second and fourth rows of microstrip feed lines use the second embodiment. The two embodiments of the microstrip feed lines 6 are:

[0036] First embodiment: The microstrip feed line 6 includes a first horizontal branch 61, one end of the first horizontal branch 61 is used for inputting signals, the other end of the first horizontal branch 61 is connected to one end of a first vertical branch 62, the other end of the first vertical branch 62 is connected to one end of a second horizontal branch 63, and the other end of the second horizontal branch 63 is connected to one end of a second vertical branch 64. The projection of the second vertical branch 64 on the top of the dielectric substrate 4 is perpendicular to the horizontal gap 53 of the feeding gap 5.

[0037] Second embodiment: The microstrip feed line 6 includes a third horizontal branch 65, one end of the third horizontal branch 65 is used for inputting signals, the other end of the third horizontal branch 65 is connected to one end of a third vertical branch 66, the other end of the third vertical branch 66 is connected to one end of a fourth horizontal branch 67, the other end of the fourth horizontal branch 67 is connected to one end of a fourth vertical branch 68, the other end of the fourth vertical branch 68 is connected to one end of a fifth horizontal branch 69, and the other end of the fifth horizontal branch 69 is connected to one end of a fifth vertical branch 610. The projection of the fifth vertical branch 610 on the top of the dielectric substrate 4 is perpendicular to the horizontal gap 53 of the feeding gap 5.

[0038] A power splitter network 7 and a coplanar waveguide connector 8 are also provided at the bottom of the dielectric substrate 4. Figure 5 As shown, the power division network 7 adopts a microstrip structure and is connected to the microstrip feed line 6 to divide the signal to each microstrip feed line 6 , and the coplanar waveguide connector 8 is connected to the power division network 7 .

[0039] The specific size parameters of each part are given below to achieve the optimal solution:

[0040] The antenna array uses a ceramic material with a dielectric constant of er = 20.8 and a loss tangent of tand = 0.0001. The length and width of the radiator 1 are both w1 = 3.25 mm and the height is 9.2 mm. The dimensions of the first connector 21, the second connector 22 and the third connector 23 are all: length d1 = 2.25 mm, width w2 = 0.8 mm, and height 1.0 mm. The dielectric substrate 4 uses a PCB material with a dielectric constant of er = 3.66, a loss tangent of tand = 0.004, and a thickness of 0.1 mm. Figure 6 As shown, the dimensions of the feed slot 5 are: w4=0.5mm, w5=0.2mm, w6=0.2mm, d2=0.5mm. The width of the second longitudinal branch 64 and the width of the fifth longitudinal branch 610 are both: w3=0.4mm, and the length is both: l=4.3mm. The dimensions of the coplanar waveguide connector are: the width of the signal line is 0.25mm, the spacing between the signal line and the ground line is 0.175mm, and the transmission line impedance is 50Ω.

[0041] The simulation results are as follows Figure 7 As shown, at a frequency of 28 GHz, the E-plane and H-plane radiation gains of the antenna can reach 22 dBi. Compared with the prior art, the gain is effectively improved by 5-6 dBi.

[0042] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

The ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for 1.5G base station is characterized by: The invention comprises a dielectric substrate (4), an array composed of M×N antenna units is arranged on the top of the dielectric substrate (4), and a microstrip feeding structure is arranged on the bottom of the dielectric substrate (4); the antenna units comprise radiators (1), two adjacent radiators (1) are connected via a first connector (21), and two adjacent first connectors (21) are staggered in front and back distribution; two adjacent rows of antenna units are symmetrical along the axis between them; the array comprises upper and lower half arrays, and in each half array, two adjacent rows of antenna units are connected via a second connector (22); the upper and lower half arrays are connected via a third connector (23); and the height of the radiators (1) is half a wavelength or one wavelength.

2. The ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for a 5G base station according to claim 1, characterized in that: Of the two adjacent first connectors (21), one is located at the front end of the radiator (1), and the other is located at the rear end of the radiator (1); the height of the first connector (21) is less than one ninth of the height of the radiator (1), and the distance between the two adjacent radiators (1) is one half of a wavelength.

3. The ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for a 5G base station according to claim 1, characterized in that: In each half array, the first connectors (21) in the middle of two adjacent rows of antenna units are connected via a second connector (22), and the spacing between the two adjacent rows of antenna units is half a wavelength.

4. The ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for a 5G base station according to claim 3, characterized in that: The third connector (23) has two left and right parts. The left third connector (23) is connected to the leftmost first connector (21) of the upper and lower half arrays, and the right third connector (23) is connected to the rightmost first connector (21) of the upper and lower half arrays.

5. The ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for a 5G base station according to claim 4, characterized in that: The two third connectors (23) are fixedly connected to the dielectric substrate (4) via plastic screws (3).

6. The ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for a 5G base station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the dielectric substrate (4) is provided with feeding slots (5) having the same number as the antenna units, one feeding slot (5) being located at the bottom of one antenna unit, the feeding slot (5) comprising a first longitudinal slot (51) and a second longitudinal slot (52) which are parallel to each other, the middle of the first longitudinal slot (51) and the middle of the second longitudinal slot (52) being connected via a transverse slot (53).

7. The ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for a 5G base station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The microstrip feeding structure comprises microstrip feeding lines (6) having the same number as the feeding slots (5), the microstrip feeding lines (6) comprising a first transverse branch (61), one end of the first transverse branch (61) being used for inputting signals, the other end of the first transverse branch (61) being connected to one end of a first longitudinal branch (62), the other end of the first longitudinal branch (62) being connected to one end of a second transverse branch (63), and the other end of the second transverse branch (63) being connected to one end of a second longitudinal branch (64); the projection of the second longitudinal branch (64) on the top of the dielectric substrate (4) being perpendicular to the transverse slot (53) of the feeding slot (5).

8. The ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for a 5G base station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The microstrip feeding structure comprises microstrip feeding lines (6) having the same number as the feeding slots (5), the microstrip feeding lines (6) comprising third transverse branches (65), one end of the third transverse branches (65) being used for inputting signals, the other end of the third transverse branches (65) being connected to one end of the third longitudinal branches (66), the other end of the third longitudinal branches (66) being connected to one end of the fourth transverse branches (67), the other end of the fourth transverse branches (67) being connected to one end of the fourth longitudinal branches (68), the other end of the fourth longitudinal branches (68) being connected to one end of the fifth transverse branches (69), the other end of the fifth transverse branches (69) being connected to one end of the fifth longitudinal branches (610); the projection of the fifth longitudinal branches (610) on the top of the dielectric substrate (4) being perpendicular to the transverse slots (53) of the feeding slots (5).

9. The ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for a 5G base station according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: It also includes a power division network (7), which adopts a microstrip structure and is connected to the microstrip feeder line (6) to divide the signal to each microstrip feeder line (6).

10. The ceramic dielectric resonant integrated antenna module for a 5G base station according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes a coplanar waveguide connector (8), which is connected to the power division network (7).

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