An ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system and adjustment method

Abstract

This application relates to an ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system and an adjustment method. An ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system includes a desulfurization mechanism, a decarbonization mechanism, and an analysis mechanism. The flue gas output end of the desulfurization mechanism is connected to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism. The lean amine input end of the decarbonization mechanism is connected to the lean amine output end of the analysis mechanism. The rich amine input end of the analysis mechanism is connected to the rich amine output end of the decarbonization mechanism. Ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement components are provided in the reaction regions of the desulfurization mechanism, the decarbonization mechanism, and the analysis mechanism respectively to accelerate the dispersion of the corresponding reaction materials in the reaction regions, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency of the corresponding reaction materials. Ultrasonic waves can increase the analysis rate of the rich amine solution and reduce the requirement for equipment size.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship desulfurization and decarbonization, and in particular to an ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system and adjustment method. Background Art

[0002] Currently, traditional ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization systems improve gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency by using absorption towers or scrubbers, usually relying on designs such as packed towers or spray towers. These towers enhance mass transfer efficiency by increasing the gas-liquid contact area. Common methods include the use of packing layers or increasing the gas-liquid contact time by spraying. However, these methods often result in larger tower equipment sizes because, to effectively improve mass transfer efficiency, the towers need to provide sufficient gas-liquid contact area and a long reaction time, which leads to an increase in the height and diameter of the tower, resulting in a large footprint and volume for the equipment. This is particularly disadvantageous for ship applications where space is limited. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the problem that the equipment of the traditional ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system increases in size to improve mass transfer efficiency, resulting in limited space on the ship, the present application provides an ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system and adjustment method.

[0004] An ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system, the ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system includes a desulfurization mechanism, a decarbonization mechanism, and an analysis mechanism. The flue gas input end of the desulfurization mechanism is used to receive ship flue gas. The flue gas output end of the desulfurization mechanism is connected to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism to receive the desulfurized flue gas converted from the ship flue gas in the desulfurization mechanism. The flue gas output end of the decarbonization mechanism is used to discharge the decarbonized flue gas converted from the desulfurized flue gas in the decarbonization mechanism. The lean amine input end of the decarbonization mechanism is connected to the lean amine output end of the analysis mechanism to receive the lean amine solution that reacts with the desulfurized flue gas. The analysis mechanism is used to analyze the rich amine solution to generate the lean amine solution. The rich amine input end of the analysis mechanism is connected to the rich amine output end of the decarbonization mechanism so that the analysis mechanism receives the rich amine solution from the decarbonization mechanism. The rich amine solution in the decarbonization mechanism is generated by the reaction of the lean amine solution with the desulfurized flue gas. Ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement components are provided in the respective reaction regions of the desulfurization mechanism, the decarbonization mechanism, and the analysis mechanism. The ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement components are used to emit ultrasonic waves to accelerate the dispersion of the corresponding reaction materials in the reaction region, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency of the corresponding reaction materials.

[0005] By adopting the above technical solution, in order to solve the problems of excessive equipment volume and insufficient mass transfer efficiency in the traditional ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system, the present application sets ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement components in each reaction area of the desulfurization mechanism, decarbonization mechanism and analysis mechanism, and enhances the mass transfer efficiency of the gas-liquid interface by emitting ultrasonic signals, thereby accelerating the dispersion of reaction materials. Specifically, the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves can effectively promote the generation and rupture of bubbles, increase the gas-liquid contact area, and enhance the dissolution rate of gas in liquid, thus accelerating the reaction process between desulfurized flue gas and liquid solvent (such as lean amine solution). In addition, ultrasonic waves can also improve the analysis rate of rich amine solution, reduce the requirement for equipment size, and through optimizing the mass transfer process, enable the desulfurization and decarbonization reaction to be efficiently carried out in a smaller reactor. In this way, not only the mass transfer efficiency is improved, but also the occupied space of the system is effectively reduced, making the system more suitable for the space-limited application scenario of ships.

[0006] Preferably, the ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement component includes a power supply and a plurality of first ultrasonic units. The plurality of first ultrasonic units are arranged on the reaction area from top to bottom in sequence. The first ultrasonic unit includes a power supply bus connected to the power supply, and an ultrasonic series module respectively connected to the power supply bus. The ultrasonic series module includes a plurality of ultrasonic elements for emitting ultrasonic waves.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the configuration of the ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement component and the design of the multi-stage ultrasonic unit can ensure that the gas-liquid mixing reaction in each reaction area is more uniform and efficient. By precisely arranging the ultrasonic units, the energy can be evenly distributed in a smaller space, the mass transfer process can be optimized, the rate of dissolved gas can be increased, and the requirements under different reaction conditions can be met by dynamically adjusting the ultrasonic frequency and intensity, thereby greatly improving the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency and ultimately promoting the reaction speed and overall efficiency.

[0008] Preferably, the desulfurization mechanism includes a desulfurization tower. The flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower is used to receive ship flue gas and is located at the bottom of the desulfurization tower. The flue gas output end of the desulfurization tower is connected to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism and is located at the top of the desulfurization tower. The seawater input end of the desulfurization tower is located below the flue gas output end of the desulfurization tower and is used to receive seawater. The seawater output end of the desulfurization tower is located below the flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower and is used to discharge the seawater that has reacted with the ship flue gas. In the reaction area of the desulfurization tower, the ship flue gas forms upward-flowing flue gas bubbles in seawater, and the flue gas bubbles are dispersed into smaller differentiated bubbles through the ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement component to contact and react with the seawater flowing downward.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the flue gas is input from the bottom of the desulfurization tower and interacts with seawater to form flue gas bubbles. These bubbles are dispersed into smaller differentiated bubbles by the action of the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component, increasing the contact area of the gas-liquid interface and the reaction efficiency. Thus, the application of ultrasonic waves not only enhances the mass transfer efficiency of the gas-liquid reaction, but also improves the desulfurization effect by dispersing bubbles. In addition, the flow directions of the flue gas and seawater also optimize the contact process between the gas and the liquid, thereby improving the efficiency of the entire desulfurization process.

[0010] Preferably, the flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower includes four branch ports, which are installed on the bottom of the desulfurization tower along the circumferential side of the desulfurization tower and are arranged in pairs opposite to each other. When the ship's flue gas enters the desulfurization tower through the branch ports, a vortex is formed, and then a preliminary mixing reaction with seawater occurs.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the vortex effect formed when the flue gas in the desulfurization tower enters the tower body through multiple branch ports helps to strengthen the gas-liquid contact in the initial stage and promote the full mixing of the flue gas and seawater. In this way, not only the efficiency of the initial mixing is improved, but also with the assistance of the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component, the size of the bubbles is further refined, ensuring that the flue gas can be evenly distributed throughout the tower, improving the desulfurization efficiency, reducing the height and volume of the tower body, and thus effectively reducing the size of the equipment.

[0012] Preferably, the decarbonization mechanism includes a decarbonization tower, the analysis mechanism includes an analysis tower, and the ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system further includes a first circulation pump, a heat exchanger, and a second circulation pump. The rich amine output end of the decarbonization tower is located at the bottom of the decarbonization tower and is connected to the input end of the first circulation pump. The output end of the first circulation pump is connected to the rich amine input end of the heat exchanger. The rich amine output end of the heat exchanger is connected to the rich amine input end of the analysis tower. The rich amine input end of the analysis tower is located at the top of the analysis tower. The lean amine output end of the analysis tower is located at the bottom of the analysis tower and is connected to the input end of the second circulation pump. The output end of the second circulation pump is connected to the lean amine input end of the heat exchanger. The lean amine output end of the heat exchanger is connected to the lean amine input end of the decarbonization tower. The lean amine input end of the decarbonization tower is located at the top of the decarbonization tower.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the layout of the first circulation pump, the heat exchanger, and the second circulation pump can effectively control the circulating flow and heat exchange process of the rich amine solution. By precisely controlling the temperature and flow rate of the solution, the analysis efficiency of the rich amine solution in the analysis tower can be further improved, ensuring the rapid release of carbon dioxide in the solution and the regeneration of the solution. Through effective energy utilization and material circulation, the system can reduce energy consumption while improving the mass transfer efficiency and reaction speed, and reducing the size requirements of the equipment.

[0014] Preferably, a first liquid level sensor is provided on the stripping column. A first regulating valve is provided between the lean amine output end of the stripping column and the input end of the second circulation pump, and the first regulating valve is electrically connected to the first liquid level sensor.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, precise control of the liquid level of the stripping column can be achieved. Through the liquid level feedback system, the liquid flow rate and reaction rate can be adjusted in real time to ensure that the rich amine solution in the stripping process always maintains the optimal concentration, thereby improving the stripping efficiency. At the same time, the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer technology can accelerate the stripping speed of the rich amine solution in the liquid phase, enhancing the processing capacity and operating efficiency of the overall stripping column.

[0016] Preferably, the stripping mechanism further includes a reboiler and an ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component. The input end of the reboiler is connected to the lean amine output end of the stripping column, and the output end of the reboiler is connected to the reboiling input end of the stripping column. The reboiler receives and heats the rich amine solution that has not reacted completely in the stripping column, and then obtains the heated rich amine solution, which is output to the stripping column through the output end of the reboiler. The ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component includes a plurality of second ultrasonic units arranged in sequence inside the reboiler.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the application of the ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component in the reboiler can accelerate the release of carbon dioxide in the rich amine solution and further improve the mass transfer efficiency of the solution through the action of ultrasonic waves. Through the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves, the carbon dioxide-amine complex in the rich amine solution can be quickly decomposed, enhancing the release rate of carbon dioxide, thereby improving the stripping efficiency and reducing the volume requirement of the equipment in the system.

[0018] Preferably, a second liquid level sensor is provided on the reboiler. A second regulating valve is provided between the lean amine output end of the stripping column and the input end of the reboiler, and the second regulating valve is electrically connected to the second liquid level sensor.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the liquid level stability of the rich amine solution in the stripping column can be ensured, thereby improving the recycling rate and stripping efficiency of the solution. This design optimizes the liquid flow control, avoiding the flow of too much or too little rich amine solution in the system, ensuring the high efficiency and stability of the reaction and regeneration processes in the stripping column. At the same time, the application of ultrasonic waves ensures the rapid progress of the gas-liquid reaction, improving the stability and performance of the overall system.

[0020] An adjustment method for an ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system, which is applied to an ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system, the adjustment method includes:

[0021] Determine the expected data set for each reaction area, where the expected data set includes efficiency expected data at multiple consecutive time points and a confidence threshold for each efficiency expected data;

[0022] According to the expected data set, draw a time-efficiency line graph layer, as well as an expected line and a confidence line on the time-efficiency line graph layer;

[0023] Obtain efficiency correlation data in real time, and draw a real-time line on the time-efficiency line graph layer according to the efficiency correlation data;

[0024] If the real-time line crosses the expected line, perform the corresponding ultrasonic adjustment operation, where the ultrasonic adjustment operation includes a frequency adjustment operation and an intensity adjustment operation;

[0025] If the real-time line crosses the confidence line, perform the corresponding alarm operation and push the corresponding interaction window, obtain the interaction information of the interaction window in real time, and perform the corresponding ultrasonic adjustment operation according to the interaction information.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, adjust the frequency and intensity of the ultrasonic wave according to the real-time monitoring data and feedback signal to ensure that the reaction rate remains within the optimal range. Through the automatic adjustment of the ultrasonic wave, the reaction process can be accurately optimized, energy waste or excessive reaction can be avoided, and the operation stability and processing efficiency of the system can be improved.

[0027] Preferably, in the step of drawing a real-time line on the time-efficiency line graph layer according to the efficiency correlation data, it includes:

[0028] At least determine the monitoring time period t in the efficiency correlation data, the concentration change value △C of the dissolved gas in the liquid phase within the monitoring time period, and the gas-liquid contact area A;

[0029] According to the monitoring time period t, the concentration change value △C, and the gas-liquid contact area A, calculate the gasification mass transfer efficiency k, and the calculation formula is ;

[0030] Match the monitoring time period with the time points on the time-efficiency line graph layer, draw corresponding real-time marks on the time-efficiency line graph layer, and connect the real-time marks to generate a real-time line.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the change of the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency can be accurately calculated, and the frequency and intensity can be precisely adjusted through the ultrasonic control system. Through the comparison of the time and efficiency line graphs, the reaction conditions can be real-time feedback and optimized to ensure that the ultrasonic effect always remains in the best state, thereby improving the operation efficiency and energy efficiency of the entire ship desulfurization and decarbonization system.

[0032] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] To solve the problems of excessive equipment volume and insufficient mass transfer efficiency in traditional ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization systems, the present application sets ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement components in each reaction area of the desulfurization mechanism, decarbonization mechanism, and analysis mechanism. By emitting ultrasonic signals, the mass transfer efficiency at the gas-liquid interface is enhanced, thereby accelerating the dispersion of reaction materials. Specifically, the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves can effectively promote the generation and rupture of bubbles, increase the gas-liquid contact area, enhance the dissolution rate of gas in liquid, and thus accelerate the reaction process between desulfurized flue gas and liquid solvent (such as lean amine solution). In addition, ultrasonic waves can also improve the analysis rate of rich amine solution, reduce the requirement for equipment size, and through optimizing the mass transfer process, enable the desulfurization and decarbonization reaction to be efficiently carried out in a smaller reactor. In this way, not only is the mass transfer efficiency improved, but also the occupied space of the system is effectively reduced, making the system more suitable for application scenarios with limited space such as ships. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 is a structural flowchart of a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system based on ultrasonic enhancement according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 2 is a specific structural schematic diagram of a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system based on ultrasonic enhancement according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram between the branch pipe orifice and the desulfurization tower in a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system based on ultrasonic enhancement according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 4 is a flowchart of an adjustment method for a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system based on ultrasonic enhancement according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 5 is a flowchart for implementing step S50 in a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system based on ultrasonic enhancement according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS:

[0040] 1. Desulfurization mechanism; 11. Desulfurization tower; 12. Branch port; 2. Decarbonization mechanism; 21. Decarbonization tower; 3. Analysis mechanism; 31. Analysis tower; 32. First liquid level sensor; 33. Reboiler; 34. Second ultrasonic unit; 35. First regulating valve; 36. Second liquid level sensor; 37. Second regulating valve; 4. Ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement component; 41. Power supply; 42. First ultrasonic unit; 421. Power bus; 422. Ultrasonic element; 5. First circulation pump; 6. Heat exchanger; 7. Second circulation pump. Detailed implementation manners

[0041] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the present application discloses an ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system, which specifically includes a desulfurization mechanism 1, a decarbonization mechanism 2 and an analysis mechanism 3. The flue gas input end of the desulfurization mechanism 1 is used to receive ship flue gas. The flue gas output end of the desulfurization mechanism 1 is connected to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism 2 to receive the desulfurized flue gas converted in the desulfurization mechanism 1 from the ship flue gas. The flue gas output end of the decarbonization mechanism 2 is used to discharge the decarbonized flue gas converted in the decarbonization mechanism 2 from the desulfurized flue gas. The lean amine input end of the decarbonization mechanism 2 is connected to the lean amine output end of the analysis mechanism 3 to receive the lean amine solution that has reacted with the desulfurized flue gas. The analysis mechanism 3 is used to analyze the rich amine solution to generate the lean amine solution. The rich amine input end of the analysis mechanism 3 is connected to the rich amine output end of the decarbonization mechanism 2 so that the analysis mechanism 3 receives the rich amine solution from the decarbonization mechanism 2. The rich amine solution in the decarbonization mechanism 2 is generated by the reaction of the lean amine solution with the desulfurized flue gas. Ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement components 4 are provided in the respective reaction regions of the desulfurization mechanism 1, the decarbonization mechanism 2 and the analysis mechanism 3. The ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement components 4 are used to emit ultrasonic waves to accelerate the dispersion of the corresponding reaction materials in the reaction region, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency of the corresponding reaction materials.

[0043] In this embodiment, in the ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system, the port connection relationships and control logics among the modules cooperate closely to ensure the efficient progress of the flue gas treatment process. First, the flue gas input end of the desulfurization mechanism 1 receives the high-temperature flue gas from the ship engine, and the treated desulfurized flue gas is conveyed to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism 2 through the flue gas output end of the desulfurization mechanism 1. Inside the desulfurization mechanism 1, the flue gas reacts with seawater to remove sulfur dioxide from the flue gas, thereby generating desulfurized flue gas. The desulfurized flue gas enters the decarbonization mechanism 2 through the flue gas output end of the desulfurization mechanism 1, and further carbon dioxide removal is carried out in this mechanism, being transformed into decarbonized flue gas, and finally discharged through the flue gas output end of the decarbonization mechanism 2. During the operation of the decarbonization mechanism 2, the lean amine solution reacts with the desulfurized flue gas to absorb carbon dioxide and generate a rich amine solution. The lean amine input end is connected to the lean amine output end of the regeneration mechanism 3 through a pipeline, and the regeneration mechanism 3 is responsible for regenerating the rich amine solution to restore the lean amine solution. The regenerated rich amine solution enters the rich amine output end of the decarbonization mechanism 2 through the rich amine input end of the regeneration mechanism 3 to continue the decarbonization reaction. The regeneration mechanism 3 accelerates the release of carbon dioxide in the rich amine solution through the action of heating and ultrasonic waves, thereby generating a renewable lean amine solution. To enhance the reaction efficiency and improve the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement components 4 are provided in the reaction areas of the desulfurization mechanism 1, the decarbonization mechanism 2, and the regeneration mechanism 3. These ultrasonic components emit ultrasonic signals, and by utilizing the cavitation effect and bubble rupture action of ultrasonic waves, they accelerate the generation and dispersion of bubbles in the liquid, improve the mass transfer rate at the gas-liquid interface, and thus enhance the mass exchange efficiency of each reaction area. For example, inside the desulfurization mechanism 1, the action of ultrasonic waves can accelerate the mixing of the flue gas and seawater, enabling sulfur dioxide to dissolve rapidly in seawater; in the decarbonization mechanism 2, ultrasonic waves contribute to a more efficient reaction between the rich amine solution and the desulfurized flue gas, improving the carbon dioxide absorption efficiency; in the regeneration mechanism 3, the application of ultrasonic waves speeds up the regeneration rate of the rich amine solution, enabling carbon dioxide to be released and discharged from the solution more rapidly. The system realizes the close cooperation of each module through precise port connections and control logics, ensuring the high efficiency of the ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization process in all aspects from flue gas treatment, solution circulation to ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement, optimizing the space utilization, and improving the processing capacity and economy of the system.

[0044] In summary, to solve the problems of excessive equipment volume and insufficient mass transfer efficiency in traditional ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization systems, the present application sets ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement components 4 in each reaction area of the desulfurization mechanism 1, decarbonization mechanism 2, and analysis mechanism 3, and enhances the mass transfer efficiency at the gas-liquid interface by emitting ultrasonic signals, thereby accelerating the dispersion of reaction materials. Specifically, the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves can effectively promote the generation and rupture of bubbles, increase the gas-liquid contact area, enhance the dissolution rate of gas in liquid, and thus accelerate the reaction process between desulfurized flue gas and liquid solvent (such as lean amine solution). In addition, ultrasonic waves can also improve the analysis rate of rich amine solution, reduce the requirement for equipment size, and through optimizing the mass transfer process, enable the desulfurization and decarbonization reaction to be efficiently carried out in a smaller reactor. In this way, not only is the mass transfer efficiency improved, but also the floor space of the system is effectively reduced, making the system more suitable for the space-limited application scenario of ships.

[0045] Furthermore, as Figure 2 shown, the ultrasonic mass transfer enhancement component 4 includes a power supply 41 and a plurality of first ultrasonic units 42. The plurality of first ultrasonic units 42 are arranged on the reaction area in sequence from top to bottom. The first ultrasonic unit 42 includes a power supply bus 421 connected to the power supply 41, and an ultrasonic series module respectively connected to the power supply bus 421. The ultrasonic series module includes a plurality of ultrasonic elements 422 for emitting ultrasonic waves.

[0046] In this embodiment, the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 realizes the enhancement of gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency through precise port connection and module configuration. The power supply 41 provides the required energy for the entire system. The power supply 41 is connected to a plurality of first ultrasonic units 42 through a power bus 421 to ensure that the ultrasonic units can obtain a stable power supply 41. The first ultrasonic unit 42 includes an ultrasonic series module connected to the power bus 421, and this module is responsible for transmitting the power supply 41 signal to each ultrasonic element 422. A plurality of ultrasonic units are arranged in the reaction area from top to bottom in sequence to ensure that the energy of the ultrasonic waves can evenly cover the reaction area and enhance the mass transfer efficiency at the gas-liquid interface. Each ultrasonic unit is connected to the power bus 421 through an ultrasonic series module to ensure that the intensity and frequency of the ultrasonic waves are coordinated and adjusted in the system. By arranging the ultrasonic elements 422 at different positions in the reaction area, the mass transfer effect in the reaction area can be optimized. In particular, the high-frequency ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic elements 422 will cause cavitation effects and bubble rupture in the liquid, increasing the gas-liquid contact area, thereby accelerating the dissolution and reaction rate of the reactants. In the entire system, the role of the ultrasonic element 422 is to enhance the contact and reaction between the gas and the liquid by rapidly vibrating the bubbles, improve the mass transfer efficiency, and promote the rapid exchange of dissolved gases to ensure the high efficiency of the reaction. Therefore, the connection between the power supply 41 and the power bus 421, the connection between the ultrasonic unit and the ultrasonic series module, and the arrangement of the ultrasonic elements 422 cooperate closely to ensure the effective transmission and distribution of the ultrasonic energy, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency in each reaction area and promoting the optimized operation of the entire system. The ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 is respectively arranged in the reaction area of the desulfurization tower 11 in the desulfurization mechanism 1, the reaction area of the decarbonization tower 21 in the decarbonization mechanism 2, and the reaction area of the analysis tower 31 in the analysis mechanism 3.

[0047] In summary, the configuration of the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 and the design of the multi-stage ultrasonic units can ensure that the gas-liquid mixing reaction in each reaction area is more uniform and efficient. By precisely arranging the ultrasonic units, the energy can be evenly distributed in a smaller space, the mass transfer process can be optimized, the rate of dissolved gases can be increased, and the requirements under different reaction conditions can be met by dynamically adjusting the ultrasonic frequency and intensity, thereby greatly improving the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency and ultimately promoting the reaction rate and overall efficiency.

[0048] Further, as Figure 2As shown, the desulfurization mechanism 1 includes a desulfurization tower 11. The flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower 11 is used to receive ship flue gas and is located at the bottom of the desulfurization tower 11. The flue gas output end of the desulfurization tower 11 is connected to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism 2 and is located at the top of the desulfurization tower 11. The seawater input end of the desulfurization tower 11 is located below the flue gas output end of the desulfurization tower 11 and is used to receive seawater. The seawater output end of the desulfurization tower 11 is located below the flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower 11 and is used to discharge the seawater that has reacted with the ship flue gas. In the reaction area of the desulfurization tower 11, the ship flue gas forms flue gas bubbles flowing upward in seawater, and the flue gas bubbles are dispersed into smaller differentiated bubbles by the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 to contact and react with the seawater flowing downward.

[0049] In this embodiment, the desulfurization tower 11 of the desulfurization mechanism 1 enables the ship flue gas to be efficiently desulfurized through precise port connections and fluid designs. The flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower 11 is located at the bottom of the tower and is used to receive the flue gas discharged from the ship engine. The flue gas enters the tower through the input end and rises along the reaction area inside the tower. After being treated, the flue gas is discharged through the flue gas output end of the desulfurization tower 11. The output end is located at the top of the tower and is connected to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism 2 to ensure that the desulfurized flue gas can smoothly flow into the decarbonization mechanism 2 for subsequent carbon dioxide removal. Inside the desulfurization tower 11, the seawater input end is located below the flue gas output end and is used to receive seawater. The seawater enters the tower through the input end and reacts with the flue gas to remove sulfur dioxide in the flue gas. The seawater after the reaction is discharged through the seawater output end of the desulfurization tower 11. The output end is located at the bottom of the tower and is used to discharge the seawater that has reacted with the flue gas. In the reaction area of the desulfurization tower 11, the flue gas comes into contact with the seawater and forms bubbles. To improve the reaction efficiency, the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 emits ultrasonic waves to promote the dispersion of the bubbles, breaking the originally larger flue gas bubbles into smaller bubbles. These differentiated bubbles have a higher surface area, making the gas-liquid contact more sufficient, thereby accelerating the dissolution of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas and its absorption by seawater. Through the action of ultrasonic waves, the size and distribution of the bubbles become more uniform, improving the mass transfer efficiency between the gas and liquid. In this process, the generation of flue gas bubbles and the action of ultrasonic waves work together, increasing the dissolution rate of the bubbles and thus accelerating the desulfurization reaction process. At the same time, the seawater flows downward, which ensures the full contact between the seawater and the flue gas in the tower. The ultrasonic waves act on the bubbles, causing the bubbles to disperse in the seawater and react more effectively with the seawater, thereby enhancing the reaction efficiency and rate. Through this optimized structure and the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer effect, the desulfurization tower 11 can achieve efficient desulfurization treatment with a smaller equipment volume, reducing space occupancy and meeting the limited space requirements of ships.

[0050] In summary, the flue gas is input from the bottom of the desulfurization tower 11 and interacts with seawater to form flue gas bubbles. These bubbles are dispersed into smaller differentiated bubbles through the action of the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4, increasing the contact area of the gas-liquid interface and the reaction efficiency. Thus, the application of ultrasonic waves not only enhances the mass transfer efficiency of the gas-liquid reaction, but also improves the desulfurization effect by dispersing the bubbles. In addition, the flow directions of the flue gas and seawater also optimize the contact process between the gas and liquid, thereby improving the efficiency of the entire desulfurization process.

[0051] Furthermore, as Figure 2 - Figure 3 shown, the flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower 11 includes four branch ports 12. The four branch ports 12 are installed on the bottom of the desulfurization tower 11 along the circumferential side of the desulfurization tower 11 and are arranged in pairs opposite to each other. When the ship's flue gas enters the desulfurization tower 11 through the branch ports 12, a vortex is formed, and then a preliminary mixing reaction occurs with seawater.

[0052] In this embodiment, the flue gas input end is composed of four branch ports 12. These branch ports 12 are installed on the bottom of the tower along the circumferential side of the desulfurization tower 11, and every two branch ports 12 are arranged opposite to each other. Through this layout, when the ship's flue gas enters the desulfurization tower 11, due to the lateral distribution of the branch ports 12, the flow path of the flue gas is divided into four paths, forming a vortex. The formation of this vortex can effectively change the flow pattern of the flue gas, make the flue gas more evenly distributed in the reaction zone, and have a preliminary mixing reaction with seawater. The action of the vortex enhances the contact between the gas and liquid, promotes the preliminary reaction of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas with the dissolved substances in seawater, thereby improving the desulfurization efficiency. In this process, the generation of the vortex not only optimizes the contact surface between the flue gas and seawater, but also further enhances the generation and dispersion of bubbles through the cooperation of ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer, so that the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency in the reaction zone is improved. Through this design, the flow of the flue gas inside the desulfurization tower 11 is more stable and uniform, which helps to increase the reaction rate between the gas and liquid, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the desulfurization process. At the same time, the decarbonization tower 21 in the decarbonization mechanism 2 also adopts this technical feature to carry out the preliminary mixing of the reaction materials. The principle and structure are the same, so there is no need to elaborate here.

[0053] In summary, the vortex effect formed when the flue gas in the desulfurization tower 11 enters the tower body through multiple branch ports 12 helps to strengthen the gas-liquid contact at the initial stage and promote the full mixing of the flue gas and seawater. In this way, not only the efficiency of the initial mixing is improved, but also with the assistance of the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4, the size of the bubbles is further refined, ensuring that the flue gas can be evenly distributed throughout the tower, improving the desulfurization efficiency, reducing the height and volume of the tower body, and thus effectively reducing the size of the equipment.

[0054] Furthermore, as Figure 2As shown, the decarbonization mechanism 2 includes a decarbonization tower 21, the regeneration mechanism 3 includes a regeneration tower 31, and the ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system further includes a first circulation pump 5, a heat exchanger 6, and a second circulation pump 7. The rich amine output end of the decarbonization tower 21 is located at the bottom of the decarbonization tower 21 and is connected to the input end of the first circulation pump 5. The output end of the first circulation pump 5 is connected to the rich amine input end of the heat exchanger 6. The rich amine output end of the heat exchanger 6 is connected to the rich amine input end of the regeneration tower 31. The rich amine input end of the regeneration tower 31 is located at the top of the regeneration tower 31. The lean amine output end of the regeneration tower 31 is located at the bottom of the regeneration tower 31 and is connected to the input end of the second circulation pump 7. The output end of the second circulation pump 7 is connected to the lean amine input end of the heat exchanger 6. The lean amine output end of the heat exchanger 6 is connected to the lean amine input end of the decarbonization tower 21. The lean amine input end of the decarbonization tower 21 is located at the top of the decarbonization tower 21.

[0055] In this embodiment, the decarbonization tower 21 of the decarbonization mechanism 2 and the stripping tower 31 of the stripping mechanism 3 are closely connected through a series of pipelines and pump systems, forming a closed-loop fluid circulation system to ensure that the rich amine solution can continuously participate in the decarbonization reaction and be regenerated. First, the rich amine output end of the decarbonization tower 21 is located at the bottom of the tower and is connected to the input end of the first circulation pump 5. The rich amine solution is pumped from the bottom of the decarbonization tower 21 to the rich amine input end of the heat exchanger 6. In the heat exchanger 6, the rich amine solution exchanges heat with other fluids to adjust the temperature of the rich amine solution by heating or cooling to optimize the stripping process. After heat exchange, the rich amine output end of the heat exchanger 6 transports the rich amine solution to the rich amine input end of the stripping tower 31, and the rich amine input end of the stripping tower 31 is located at the top of the tower to ensure that the rich amine solution can flow in from the top and start the stripping reaction with carbon dioxide. Inside the stripping tower 31, the rich amine solution reacts with carbon dioxide to form a rich amine complex, and the lean amine solution after the reaction flows out from the bottom of the tower through the lean amine output end of the stripping tower 31 and flows to the input end of the second circulation pump 7. This pump pumps the lean amine solution back to the lean amine input end of the heat exchanger 6 to adjust the temperature of the lean amine solution through heat exchange and prepare to enter the decarbonization tower 21 again to absorb carbon dioxide. Finally, the lean amine output end of the heat exchanger 6 sends the adjusted lean amine solution into the lean amine input end of the decarbonization tower 21, which is located at the top of the decarbonization tower 21, to ensure that the lean amine solution can be smoothly distributed and react with the desulfurized flue gas to absorb carbon dioxide. Through this series of connection and control logics, the system realizes the efficient circulation and regeneration of the rich amine solution, and at the same time ensures the precise control of the solution temperature to optimize the decarbonization process. The functions of each module cooperate closely. The first circulation pump 5 and the second circulation pump 7 jointly maintain the flow of the solution, the heat exchanger 6 is responsible for adjusting the temperature of the solution, and the stripping tower 31 completes the stripping reaction of the rich amine solution. This closed-loop design enables the decarbonization process to operate stably and efficiently, maximally utilizes the absorption and stripping capabilities of the solution, and reduces energy consumption and material waste.

[0056] In summary, the layout of the first circulation pump 5, the heat exchanger 6 and the second circulation pump 7 can effectively control the circulation flow and heat exchange process of the rich amine solution. By precisely controlling the temperature and flow rate of the solution, the stripping efficiency of the rich amine solution in the stripping tower 31 can be further improved to ensure the rapid release of carbon dioxide in the solution and the regeneration of the solution. Through effective energy utilization and material circulation, the system can reduce energy consumption while enhancing the mass transfer efficiency and reaction rate and reducing the size requirements of the equipment.

[0057] Furthermore, as Figure 2 shown, a first liquid level sensor 32 is provided on the stripping tower 31, and a first regulating valve 35 is connected between the lean amine output end of the stripping tower 31 and the input end of the second circulation pump 7, and the first regulating valve 35 is electrically connected to the first liquid level sensor 32.

[0058] In this embodiment, a first liquid level sensor 32 is provided on the stripping column 31. The function of this sensor is to monitor the liquid level of the lean amine solution in the stripping column 31 in real time to ensure that the liquid flow and reaction process are always within an appropriate liquid level range. The first liquid level sensor 32 is electrically connected to the first regulating valve 35 to form an automatic regulating system. When the liquid level sensor detects that the liquid level is too high or too low, it will send a signal to the first regulating valve 35, thereby adjusting the liquid flow to keep the liquid level within the preset safe range, preventing overflow or too low liquid level, which may affect the subsequent decarbonization and stripping reaction processes. The lean amine output end of the stripping column 31 is connected to the input end of the second circulation pump 7 through the first regulating valve 35. After the liquid flows out of the stripping column 31, it enters the second circulation pump 7 to ensure that the lean amine solution can be pumped to the heat exchanger 6 for temperature regulation. The function of the first regulating valve 35 is to control the lean amine flow according to the feedback of the liquid level sensor, thereby adjusting the input of the circulation pump to avoid too large or too small solution flow affecting the working efficiency of the entire system. Through this control logic, the system can achieve precise regulation of the liquid level and flow rate of the solution, ensure stable solution supply and smooth reaction during the stripping process, and optimize the recycling and temperature management of the solution, improving the overall efficiency and stability of the system.

[0059] In summary, precise control of the liquid level of the stripping column 31 can be achieved. Through the liquid level feedback system, the liquid flow rate and reaction rate can be adjusted in real time to ensure that the rich amine solution in the stripping process always maintains the optimal concentration, thereby improving the stripping efficiency. At the same time, the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer technology can accelerate the stripping speed of the rich amine solution in the liquid phase, enhancing the processing capacity and operating efficiency of the overall stripping column 31.

[0060] Furthermore, as Figure 2 shown, the stripping mechanism 3 further includes a reboiler 33 and an ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component. The input end of the reboiler 33 is connected to the lean amine output end of the stripping column 31, and the output end of the reboiler 33 is connected to the reboil input end of the stripping column 31. The reboiler 33 receives and heats the rich amine solution that has not reacted completely from the stripping column 31, and then obtains the heated rich amine solution, which is output to the stripping column 31 through the output end of the reboiler 33. The ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component includes a plurality of second ultrasonic units 34 arranged in sequence inside the reboiler 33.

[0061] In this embodiment, the stripping mechanism 3 includes a reboiler 33 and an ultrasonic heat transfer enhancement component. These components work together to improve the stripping efficiency of the rich amine solution. The input end of the reboiler 33 is connected to the lean amine output end of the stripping tower 31. After flowing out of the stripping tower 31, the lean amine solution enters the reboiler 33 and is ready for heating and regeneration. The reboiler 33 heats the incompletely reacted rich amine solution to make its temperature reach the optimal level required for the stripping reaction. The heated rich amine solution is output through the output end of the reboiler 33 and enters the reboiler input end of the stripping tower 31, and re-enters the stripping tower 31 to ensure that the rich amine solution can continuously react with carbon dioxide and improve the stripping efficiency. In addition, the ultrasonic heat transfer enhancement component includes a plurality of second ultrasonic units 34, which are arranged in sequence inside the reboiler 33. The ultrasonic units generate cavitation effects in the rich amine solution by emitting high-frequency ultrasonic waves, enhancing the generation of bubbles in the solution and the gas-liquid contact area, thereby accelerating the release of carbon dioxide in the rich amine solution and the decomposition of the rich amine complex. The role of the ultrasonic waves not only speeds up the stripping process but also improves the heat conduction efficiency of the reboiler 33, ensuring that the reaction rate in the stripping tower 31 can be maintained within the high-efficiency range. This design, by adding the second ultrasonic units 34 to the reboiler 33, enables the stripping process of the rich amine solution to not only benefit from the temperature increase but also accelerate the release and dissolution of gases through the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer effect, improving the overall reaction efficiency. Through the close cooperation of the reboiler 33 and the ultrasonic mass transfer component, the system can efficiently recover and reuse the rich amine solution while ensuring the continuity and stability of the decarbonization process.

[0062] In summary, the application of the ultrasonic heat transfer enhancement component in the reboiler 33 can accelerate the release of carbon dioxide in the rich amine solution and further improve the mass transfer efficiency of the solution through the action of ultrasonic waves. Through the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves, the carbon dioxide-amine complex in the rich amine solution can be rapidly decomposed, enhancing the release rate of carbon dioxide, thereby improving the stripping efficiency and reducing the volume requirement of the equipment in the system.

[0063] Furthermore, as Figure 2 shown, a second liquid level sensor 36 is provided on the reboiler 33. A second regulating valve 37 is connected between the lean amine output end of the stripping tower 31 and the input end of the reboiler 33, and the second regulating valve 37 is electrically connected to the second liquid level sensor 36.

[0064] In this embodiment, the design of the reboiler 33 includes a second liquid level sensor 36 and a second regulating valve 37, which jointly act on liquid level control and solution flow regulation. The lean amine output end of the stripping column 31 is connected to the input end of the reboiler 33 through the second regulating valve 37, and the lean amine solution flows into the reboiler 33 through this connection for heating and stripping processes. The function of the second regulating valve 37 is to adjust the flow rate of the lean amine solution according to the real-time monitored liquid level signal, ensure that the liquid level in the reboiler 33 remains within a predetermined range, prevent overflow or shortage, and thus ensure the stability and efficiency of the stripping process. This regulating valve is electrically connected to the second liquid level sensor 36 to monitor the liquid level change in the reboiler 33 in real time. When the liquid level is too high, the liquid level sensor sends a signal to the second regulating valve 37 to automatically adjust the opening of the valve and reduce the amount of lean amine solution flowing into the reboiler 33; if the liquid level is too low, the regulating valve will increase the flow rate to ensure that enough solution enters the reboiler 33 for heating. Through this control strategy, the system can accurately control the solution flow rate and liquid level, ensure that the solution in the reboiler 33 is stripped within the optimal temperature and liquid level range, thereby improving the stripping efficiency and maintaining the stable and efficient operation of the reaction.

[0065] In summary, it can ensure the stable liquid level of the rich amine solution in the stripping column 31, thereby improving the recycling utilization rate and stripping efficiency of the solution. This design optimizes the liquid flow control, avoids the flow of too much or too little rich amine solution in the system, ensures the efficient and stable reaction and regeneration processes in the stripping column 31, and at the same time, the application of ultrasonic waves ensures the rapid progress of the gas-liquid reaction and improves the stability and performance of the overall system.

[0066] Specifically, after the sulfur-containing flue gas comes out of the engine, it enters the two-way swirl desulfurization bubbling tower, i.e., the desulfurization tower 11. The ship's flue gas containing sulfur is divided into four pipelines at the bottom of the tower and is laterally distributed in pairs on the tower body of the desulfurization tower 11. Since the pipelines are installed laterally opposite to each other, when the flue gas is introduced, it will mix with the seawater in the tower in the swirl gas-liquid mixing reaction zone of the desulfurization tower 11 and generate eddies and vortices. Under the action of the vortices, the mixing of the flue gas and seawater will be accelerated. The mixed gas-liquid flow enters the gas-liquid packing reaction zone of the desulfurization tower 11. In this area, in addition to the traditional structured packing, there is also a first ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer unit. Here, the flue gas bubbles will be dispersed into finer bubbles due to the action of ultrasonic waves. The packing will slow down the rising speed of the bubbles in the tower. The bubbles will form finer gas-liquid interfaces or gas-liquid films on the surface of the packing and continuously contact the seawater to remove sulfur from the gas. The desulfurized seawater flows into the tower from the top and is discharged from the bottom of the tower. The seawater always submerges the packing. Since the flow rate of the seawater is less than the rising flow rate of the flue gas, the seawater and the flue gas will be separated in the gas-liquid separation zone of the desulfurization tower 11, and the desulfurized seawater is discharged from the tower. The desulfurized flue gas enters the two-way swirl decarbonization bubbling absorption tower, i.e., the decarbonization tower 21. The lean amine solution also enters the tower from the top. The desulfurized flue gas enters the swirl gas-liquid mixing reaction zone of the decarbonization tower 21 from the bottom through four flue gas pipes in pairs along the side of the tower body and mixes with the lean amine solution in the tower to generate eddies and vortices. The carbon dioxide in the flue gas reacts with the unreacted alkanolamine in the rich amine to enable the alkanolamine solution to fully participate in the reaction. The flue gas is initially mixed with the rich amine or semi-lean amine solution, and the carbon dioxide in the flue gas reacts with the alkanolamine initially. Then the flue gas enters the gas-liquid packing reaction zone. In this area, in addition to the traditional structured packing, there is also an ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 (the principle of action is the same as above); in this area, the carbon dioxide in the flue gas fully contacts and reacts with the alkanolamine solution. The decarbonized flue gas flows through the gas-liquid packing reaction zone of the decarbonization tower 21 and is discharged from the top of the tower. The fully reacted alkanolamine solution is discharged from the bottom of the tower. Using this method, the reaction degree can be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the alkanolamine solution. Reducing the flow rate increases the residence time of the alkanolamine solution in the tower and increases the reaction amount of the alkanolamine solution with carbon dioxide, improving the utilization rate of the alkanolamine solution, and vice versa; increasing the flue gas velocity reduces the residence time of the flue gas in the tower and reduces the carbon dioxide absorption rate, and vice versa. The rich amine solution enters the stripping tower 31. The stripping tower 31 also adds an ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 in the traditional structured packing. The rich amine solution is quickly dispersed into small droplets under the action of ultrasonic waves and quickly forms a film on the surface of the packing. Under the action of the rising steam, carbon dioxide gas and a lean amine solution film are quickly formed, and under the action of ultrasonic waves, the gas-liquid is quickly separated. An ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component is also added at the bottom of the reboiler in the reboiler 33 of the stripping tower 31. The alkanolamine solution flowing into the reboiler 33 at the bottom of the stripping tower 31 enters the reboiler 33 and then quickly flows through the heat exchange tubes and shuttles up and down under the action of the ultrasonic enhanced flow field. The generated steam bubbles are quickly pushed to the gas-liquid surface, accelerating the separation speed of the steam from the liquid phase.

[0067] As shown Figure 4 in the figure, an adjustment method for an ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system is applied to an ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system. The adjustment method includes:

[0068] S10. Determine the expected data set for each reaction area. The expected data set includes efficiency expected data at multiple consecutive time points, and a confidence threshold for each efficiency expected data;

[0069] In this embodiment, the expected data set is obtained by integrating the design requirements, operation historical data, and theoretical models of the reaction system. These data sets include efficiency expected data at multiple consecutive time points, such as gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, carbon dioxide removal rate, sulfur dioxide concentration in flue gas, etc. Each efficiency expected data has a corresponding confidence threshold, which represents the acceptable fluctuation range of the data and is usually set based on experimental verification or working condition fluctuation models. The confidence threshold can be obtained through statistical analysis or engineering experience to ensure that any deviation from the expected data during the production process will not affect the overall operation effect of the system. For example, if the expected value of a certain reaction efficiency is 90%, and the confidence threshold is set at ±5%, it means that the actual efficiency value should be between 85% and 95% to be considered within the normal operation range.

[0070] S20. According to the expected data set, draw a time-efficiency line graph layer, and an expected line and a confidence line located on the time-efficiency line graph layer;

[0071] In this embodiment, the system uses drawing software or a real-time monitoring system to generate a time-efficiency line graph layer, which clearly shows the relationship between the reaction efficiency at each time point and the preset expected value. In this graph, the expected line represents the ideal reaction efficiency in theory or the target state and is shown in the center of the layer; while the confidence line is set around the expected line, representing the acceptable efficiency fluctuation range of the system. Through this graph, the operator can intuitively see the efficiency trend during the reaction process and determine whether the efficiency meets the expectations. For example, under normal operating conditions, the expected line may represent a stable gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency of 90%, and the confidence line allows the reaction efficiency to fluctuate between 85% and 95%, and any efficiency data deviating from this range can be quickly identified.

[0072] S30. Obtain efficiency correlation data in real time, and draw a real-time line on the time-efficiency line graph layer according to the efficiency correlation data;

[0073] In this embodiment, the real-time line is obtained by the system's real-time monitoring of various key parameters (such as temperature, pressure, gas concentration, etc.) during the reaction process and calculation. The system will compare these efficiency-related data with the expected data, and dynamically generate and update the real-time line. This real-time line represents the actual trajectory of the reaction efficiency changing with time during the actual operation process. When the reaction efficiency changes, the real-time line will be displayed on the time-efficiency line graph layer and updated with time, helping the operator to monitor the stability and efficiency of the reaction process in real time. For example, when the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency fluctuates at a certain moment during the reaction process, the real-time line will show this fluctuation and compare it with the expected line, and the operator can quickly identify and take necessary adjustment measures.

[0074] S40. If the real-time line crosses the expected line, perform the corresponding ultrasonic adjustment operation, and the ultrasonic adjustment operation includes a frequency adjustment operation and an intensity adjustment operation;

[0075] In this embodiment, when the real-time line crosses the expected line, it indicates that the reaction efficiency of the system has reached the predetermined target, or there is a deviation meeting the requirements of the expected target. For example, in the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer system, the adjustment of ultrasonic frequency and intensity is an important means to optimize the reaction efficiency. If it is real-time monitored that the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency is lower than the expected value, the system will automatically increase the intensity of the ultrasonic wave or adjust the frequency to improve the mass transfer efficiency at the gas-liquid interface. This is because enhancing the intensity of the ultrasonic wave or adjusting its frequency can accelerate the generation and dispersion of bubbles, increase the gas-liquid contact area, and thus promote the improvement of the reaction rate. The system automatically adjusts the ultrasonic frequency and intensity according to the real-time feedback to keep the reaction efficiency within the expected range all the time.

[0076] S50. If the real-time line crosses the confidence line, perform the corresponding alarm operation, and push the corresponding interaction window, obtain the interaction information of the interaction window in real time, and perform the corresponding ultrasonic adjustment operation according to the interaction information.

[0077] In this embodiment, when the real-time line crosses the confidence line, it indicates that the actual reaction efficiency has exceeded the allowable error range, which usually means that something abnormal has occurred in the reaction process. At this time, the system will automatically perform an alarm operation to prompt the operator that the operating state of the system has deviated from the normal range. The alarm operation can be triggered by means such as sound, light signal, and screen prompt to ensure that the operator can detect the problem in time and take measures. Next, the system will automatically push an interaction window, which will display the current reaction data, the difference between the expected value and the actual efficiency, and relevant operation suggestions. The operator can view the detailed system status through the interaction window, obtain real-time data feedback, and further make decisions and adjustments. For example, if the mass transfer efficiency is too low, the system suggests increasing the ultrasonic intensity or frequency. The operator can adjust the parameters according to these suggestions and confirm whether to execute these operations through the interaction window, so as to restore the normal operation of the system.

[0078] Specifically, assume that in a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system, the real-time line represents the change of the current gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency over time, while the expected line represents the expected optimal mass transfer efficiency. For example, the goal of the system is to maintain the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency at about 90%. The system continuously monitors key parameters such as gas concentration, liquid concentration, temperature, and ultrasonic intensity through a real-time data acquisition system and calculates the actual efficiency of the current reaction. When the real-time line shows that the reaction efficiency is lower than the expected line, for example, it drops to 85%, the system will increase the ultrasonic intensity or adjust the frequency through ultrasonic adjustment operations to promote the mass transfer efficiency at the gas-liquid interface and improve the reaction efficiency. At this time, the real-time line will move closer to the expected line and return to a target value close to 90%. If the system malfunctions and causes the real-time line to cross the confidence line (such as dropping below 80%), it means that the reaction efficiency has exceeded the allowable fluctuation range. The system will trigger an alarm operation and push an interaction window to the operator. The operator can view the reaction data through this interaction window and decide whether further ultrasonic adjustment operations are needed, such as whether to increase the ultrasonic frequency or intensity, ultimately ensuring that the reaction efficiency returns to the normal range. This adjustment method ensures that the system always operates in the optimal state through real-time feedback and automatic adjustment.

[0079] In summary, adjust the frequency and intensity of the ultrasonic wave according to the real-time monitoring data and feedback signal to ensure that the reaction rate remains within the optimal range. Through the automatic adjustment of the ultrasonic wave, the reaction process can be precisely optimized, avoiding energy waste or too fast reaction, and improving the operation stability and processing efficiency of the system.

[0080] Furthermore, as Figure 5 shown, in the step of drawing the real-time line on the time-efficiency broken line layer according to the efficiency correlation data, it includes:

[0081] S501. At least determine the monitoring time period t in the efficiency-related data, the change value ΔC of the concentration of the dissolved gas in the liquid phase within the monitoring time period, and the gas-liquid contact area A.

[0082] In this embodiment, the monitoring time period t refers to a specific time range set during the reaction process of the system for collecting and analyzing efficiency data. Through the monitoring time period t, the system can record in detail the key changes during the reaction process, including the change value ΔC of the concentration of the dissolved gas in the liquid phase and the gas-liquid contact area A. The change value ΔC of the concentration of the dissolved gas is usually monitored in real time by a dissolved gas sensor installed in the liquid phase, and these sensors will regularly record the concentration of the dissolved gas in the liquid and provide feedback data. The gas-liquid contact area A refers to the surface area where the liquid contacts the gas, and can be estimated by calculating the size, quantity of the bubbles and the flow mode of the fluid. Through the monitoring of these data, the system can accurately understand the gas-liquid contact situation, thereby providing basic data for calculating the gasification mass transfer efficiency. For example, during the desulfurization process, if the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the ship's flue gas is relatively high, the system can obtain the solubility of sulfur dioxide in the liquid phase and the gas-liquid interface area through the monitoring data of this time period to help evaluate the reaction efficiency.

[0083] S502. Calculate the gasification mass transfer efficiency k according to the monitoring time period t, the change value ΔC, and the gas-liquid contact area A. The calculation formula is ;

[0084] In this embodiment, through this formula, the system can calculate the mass transfer efficiency of the gas from the gas phase to the liquid phase within a given time period. For example, during the ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization process, if within a 5-minute time period, the change value ΔC of the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the liquid phase is 0.2 mol / L, and the gas-liquid contact area A is 100 cm², the system will use the above formula to calculate the gasification mass transfer efficiency value k during this time period, and then optimize the adjustment of the ultrasonic frequency and intensity to improve the reaction efficiency.

[0085] S503. Match the monitoring time period with the time points on the time-efficiency line graph layer, draw corresponding real-time marks on the time-efficiency line graph layer, and connect the respective real-time marks to generate a real-time line.

[0086] In this embodiment, the gasification mass transfer efficiency k within the monitoring time period t will be plotted on a time-efficiency line graph layer based on the real-time collected data. The system will match the efficiency data at each time point with the time points on the layer and draw a real-time marker for each time point. These real-time markers will be connected one by one in the layer according to the time sequence to form a real-time line, which represents the trend of the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency changing over time during the entire reaction process. For example, in actual operation, the system will draw a real-time line representing the change in gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency. As time goes by, the real-time line fluctuates up or down continuously. Through this process, the operator can intuitively see the real-time change in the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency and make timely adjustments to the reaction conditions to ensure that the process operates within the optimal efficiency range.

[0087] Specifically, assume that in a ship flue gas desulfurization system, the system monitors the change in gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency during the reaction process in real time. First, the system records the change value △C of the sulfur dioxide concentration dissolved in the liquid phase within the monitoring time period t (such as 5 minutes). Assume that within these 5 minutes, the change value △C of the sulfur dioxide concentration is 0.15 mol / L, and at the same time, the gas-liquid contact area A is measured to be 120 cm². Based on these data, the system calculates the gasification mass transfer efficiency k through the formula as 0.15 mol / L÷(5 minutes×120 cm²)=0.0005 mol / L·min·cm². Then, the system plots these calculated efficiency data on the time-efficiency line graph layer. The efficiency value at each time point will be marked and updated as the data changes, forming a real-time line. If the efficiency data of the real-time line is lower than the expected target value (such as 90% gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency), the system will automatically adjust the ultrasonic intensity or frequency to improve the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency and adjust the reaction conditions through real-time feedback. This dynamic adjustment ensures that the reaction efficiency always remains within the set range, improving the desulfurization effect and system stability.

[0088] In summary, it is possible to accurately calculate the change in gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency and precisely adjust the frequency and intensity through the ultrasonic control system. By comparing the time and efficiency line graphs, real-time feedback and optimization of the reaction conditions can be achieved to ensure that the ultrasonic effect always remains in the best state, thereby improving the operation efficiency and energy efficiency of the entire ship desulfurization and decarbonization system.

[0089] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the above-mentioned division of each functional unit and module is used as an example. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be allocated to different functional units and modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0090] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than limiting it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An adjustment method for an ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system, characterized in that, Applied to a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system enhanced by ultrasonic waves, the ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system enhanced by ultrasonic waves includes a desulfurization mechanism (1), a decarbonization mechanism (2) and an analysis mechanism (3). The flue gas input end of the desulfurization mechanism (1) is used to receive ship flue gas. The flue gas output end of the desulfurization mechanism (1) is connected to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism (2) to receive the desulfurized flue gas converted in the desulfurization mechanism (1) from the ship flue gas. The flue gas output end of the decarbonization mechanism (2) is used to discharge the decarbonized flue gas converted in the decarbonization mechanism (2) from the desulfurized flue gas. The lean amine input end of the decarbonization mechanism (2) is connected to the lean amine output end of the analysis mechanism (3) to receive the lean amine solution that reacts with the desulfurized flue gas. The analysis mechanism (3) is used to analyze the rich amine solution to generate the lean amine solution. The rich amine input end of the analysis mechanism (3) is connected to the rich amine output end of the decarbonization mechanism (2) so that the analysis mechanism (3) receives the rich amine solution from the decarbonization mechanism (2). The rich amine solution in the decarbonization mechanism (2) is generated by the reaction of the lean amine solution with the desulfurized flue gas. Ultrasonic wave mass transfer enhancement components (4) are provided in the respective reaction regions of the desulfurization mechanism (1), the decarbonization mechanism (2) and the analysis mechanism (3). The ultrasonic wave mass transfer enhancement components (4) are used to emit ultrasonic waves to accelerate the dispersion of the corresponding reaction materials in the reaction region, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency of the corresponding reaction materials; The ultrasonic wave mass transfer enhancement component (4) includes a power supply (41) and a plurality of first ultrasonic wave units (42). The plurality of first ultrasonic wave units (42) are arranged on the reaction region from top to bottom in sequence. The first ultrasonic wave unit (42) includes a power supply bus bar (421) connected to the power supply (41), and an ultrasonic wave series module respectively connected to the power supply bus bar (421). The ultrasonic wave series module includes a plurality of ultrasonic wave elements (422) for emitting ultrasonic waves; The desulfurization mechanism (1) includes a desulfurization tower (11). The flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower (11) is used to receive ship flue gas and is located at the bottom of the desulfurization tower (11). The flue gas output end of the desulfurization tower (11) is connected to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism (2) and is located at the top of the desulfurization tower (11). The seawater input end of the desulfurization tower (11) is located below the flue gas output end of the desulfurization tower (11) and is used to receive seawater. The seawater output end of the desulfurization tower (11) is located below the flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower (11) and is used to discharge the seawater that has reacted with the ship flue gas. In the reaction region of the desulfurization tower (11), the ship flue gas forms flue gas bubbles flowing upward in seawater. The flue gas bubbles are dispersed into smaller differentiated bubbles by the ultrasonic wave mass transfer enhancement component (4) to contact and react with the seawater flowing downward; The flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower (11) includes four branch ports (12). The four branch ports (12) are installed on the bottom of the desulfurization tower (11) along the circumferential side of the desulfurization tower (11), and are arranged in pairs opposite to each other. When the ship's flue gas enters the desulfurization tower (11) through the branch ports (12), a vortex is formed, and then a preliminary mixing reaction with seawater occurs; The decarbonization mechanism (2) includes a decarbonization tower (21), the analysis mechanism (3) includes an analysis tower (31), and the ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system further includes a first circulation pump (5), a heat exchanger (6) and a second circulation pump (7). The rich amine output end of the decarbonization tower (21) is located at the bottom of the decarbonization tower (21), and is connected to the input end of the first circulation pump (5). The output end of the first circulation pump (5) is connected to the rich amine input end of the heat exchanger (6). The rich amine output end of the heat exchanger (6) is connected to the rich amine input end of the analysis tower (31). The rich amine input end of the analysis tower (31) is located at the top of the analysis tower (31). The lean amine output end of the analysis tower (31) is located at the bottom of the analysis tower (31), and is connected to the input end of the second circulation pump (7). The output end of the second circulation pump (7) is connected to the lean amine input end of the heat exchanger (6), and the lean amine output end of the heat exchanger (6) is connected to the lean amine input end of the decarbonization tower (21). The lean amine input end of the decarbonization tower (21) is located at the top of the decarbonization tower (21); A first liquid level sensor (32) is provided on the analysis tower (31). A first regulating valve (35) is provided between the lean amine output end of the analysis tower (31) and the input end of the second circulation pump (7), and the first regulating valve (35) is electrically connected to the first liquid level sensor (32); The analysis mechanism (3) further includes a reboiler (33) and an ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component. The input end of the reboiler (33) is connected to the lean amine output end of the analysis tower (31). The output end of the reboiler (33) is connected to the reboiling input end of the analysis tower (31). The reboiler (33) receives and heats the rich amine solution that has not fully reacted in the analysis tower (31), and then obtains the heated rich amine solution, which is output into the analysis tower (31) through the output end of the reboiler (33). The ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component includes a plurality of second ultrasonic units (34) arranged in sequence inside the reboiler (33); A second liquid level sensor (36) is provided on the reboiler (33). A second regulating valve (37) is provided between the lean amine output end of the analysis tower (31) and the input end of the reboiler (33), and the second regulating valve (37) is electrically connected to the second liquid level sensor (36); The adjustment method of the ultrasonic-enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system includes: Determine the expected data set for each reaction region, where the expected data set includes efficiency expected data at multiple consecutive time points, and a confidence threshold for each of the efficiency expected data; According to the expected data set, draw a time-efficiency line graph layer, as well as an expected line and a confidence line located on the time-efficiency line graph layer; Obtain efficiency correlation data in real time, and draw a real-time line on the time-efficiency line graph layer according to the efficiency correlation data; If the real-time line crosses the expected line, perform the corresponding ultrasonic adjustment operation, where the ultrasonic adjustment operation includes a frequency adjustment operation and an intensity adjustment operation; If the real-time line crosses the confidence line, perform the corresponding alarm operation, and push the corresponding interaction window, obtain the interaction information of the interaction window in real time, and perform the corresponding ultrasonic adjustment operation according to the interaction information.

2. The adjustment method of a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system based on ultrasonic intensification according to claim 1, wherein In the step of drawing a real-time line on the time-efficiency line graph layer according to the efficiency correlation data, it includes: At least determine the monitoring time period t in the efficiency correlation data, the change in the concentration of dissolved gas in the liquid phase △C during the monitoring time period, and the gas-liquid contact area A; Calculate the gasification mass transfer efficiency k according to the monitored time period t, the concentration change value △C, and the gas-liquid contact area A. The calculation formula is Match the monitoring time period with the time points on the time-efficiency line graph layer, draw corresponding real-time marks on the time-efficiency line graph layer, and connect the real-time marks to generate a real-time line.

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