Waste photovoltaic cell crushed material sorting equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses waste photovoltaic cell broken material sorting equipment which comprises a base plate, a support fixedly arranged on the base plate and a top plate fixedly arranged at the top end of the support, a control unit is fixedly arranged on the top plate, and a vibration screening unit is flexibly connected to the upper portion of the top face of the top plate. A high-voltage electrostatic separation unit and a winnowing unit are fixedly arranged on the top face of the base plate, a first discharging end of the bottom of the vibration screening unit is connected with a top feeding end of the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit through a first feeding pipeline, and a second discharging end of the bottom of the vibration screening unit is connected with a top feeding end of the winnowing unit through a second feeding pipeline. According to the method, the vibration screening method, the winnowing method and the high-voltage electrostatic separation method are combined, application of a mechanical method is expanded, the material separation efficiency is improved, the problem of cost rise caused by multiple separation procedures is avoided, no chemical method is involved, the final product does not need to be specially treated, the separation cost is reduced, and the method is environmentally friendly and suitable for industrial production. And no pollutant is generated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waste battery recycling, in particular to a waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting device. Background Art

[0002] As the installed capacity of photovoltaic cells gradually expands, a large number of photovoltaic cells gradually reach their designed service life, and the number of photovoltaic cells scrapped is also increasing year by year. Waste photovoltaic cells contain a large amount of resources. From an environmental protection perspective, they contain metal materials such as silver, copper, lead, and tin that are harmful to the environment and human health. Recycling can reduce the pollution of waste to the environment and reduce damage to the ecosystem; from an economic perspective, recycling waste photovoltaic cells can extract valuable materials such as silicon, aluminum, and glass, which can be used to manufacture new photovoltaic products, with potential economic benefits.

[0003] At present, the methods for recycling and sorting the broken materials of waste photovoltaic cells can be roughly divided into two types, namely mechanical method and chemical method. Among them, the principle of the mechanical method is to use the different physical properties of the sorted materials to achieve the sorting of different materials, such as eddy current sorting method, high-voltage electrostatic sorting method and flotation method. This method has low cost, low pollution and strong applicability. However, there is a problem of low material recovery rate, and because one method can only sort according to one physical property, each sorting only targets two or three materials, and it is impossible to sort all the broken materials, and the final sorting efficiency is low, which invisibly increases the transportation cost of the materials. Another method is the chemical method, the principle of which is to use chemicals to react with materials so that the target material is separated from the broken material mixture. This method has high sorting efficiency and a high recovery rate of the final material, but it has problems such as high cost of chemical vessels and drugs, narrow scope of application, and wastewater and waste gas generated by chemical reactions, and the final material obtained needs further processing before it can be applied to the next recycling process. These methods have only partial advantages for the sorting of broken materials of photovoltaic cells, and have not fully exerted the potential of each method. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of cost and pollution in the above methods, the present invention designs a waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting equipment. The equipment is an improvement and extension of the mechanical method, combining vibration screening, high-voltage electrostatic sorting and wind sorting technology, so that photovoltaic cell crushing materials of different particle sizes and properties can be effectively sorted out, thereby improving the sorting efficiency. At the same time, the equipment has low cost, does not produce harmful substances during the recycling process, is safe and environmentally friendly, and is conducive to the sustainable development of the photovoltaic cell recycling industry.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting device, comprising a substrate, a bracket fixedly arranged on the substrate, and a top plate fixedly arranged on the top of the bracket, wherein a control unit is fixedly arranged on the top plate, a vibration screening unit is flexibly connected above the top surface of the top plate, and a high-voltage electrostatic sorting unit and a wind sorting unit are respectively fixedly arranged on the top surface of the substrate, a first discharge end at the bottom of the vibration screening unit is connected to a top feed end of the high-voltage electrostatic sorting unit through a first feed pipe, and a second discharge end is connected to a top feed end of the wind sorting unit through a second feed pipe;

[0007] The vibration screening unit screens the crushed materials of waste photovoltaic cells into small-size materials containing silicon particles and metal particles, large-size materials containing silicon wafers and glass, and unscreened materials. The small-size materials enter the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit through the first feeding pipe for high-voltage electrostatic separation, the large-size materials enter the air separation unit through the second feeding pipe for air separation, and the unscreened materials are discharged from the tail discharge end of the vibration screening unit.

[0008] Furthermore, the vibrating screening unit includes a screen slot obliquely arranged above the top plate, a first screen and a second screen respectively detachably embedded in the bottom wall of the screen slot, and a vibrator fixedly arranged at one end of the screen slot, and both sides of the bottom surface of the screen slot are flexibly connected to the top surface of the top plate through supporting springs, and a waste trough is provided on the top surface of the top plate below the tail discharge end of the screen slot.

[0009] Furthermore, an upper cover plate is provided on the top opening of the sieve slot, and a feed hopper is provided on the upper cover plate.

[0010] Furthermore, a first discharge port and a second discharge port are respectively provided on the bottom wall of the sieve slot, the first sieve is embedded in the top of the first discharge port, the first feed pipe is arranged directly below the first discharge port, the second sieve is embedded in the top of the second discharge port, and the second feed pipe is arranged directly below the second discharge port.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-voltage electrostatic sorting unit includes an electrostatic sorting box, a feed trough inclined at the inner top of the electrostatic sorting box and located directly below the bottom outlet of the first feeding pipe, a static electrode fixedly arranged at one side of the discharge end at the bottom of the feed trough, a corona electrode fixedly arranged at the inner top of the electrostatic sorting box and located between the feed trough and the static electrode, a grounded roller rotatably arranged below the corona electrode, and a felt roller arranged opposite to the grounded roller, wherein the felt roller is located on the side of the grounded roller away from the static electrode, a first collecting trough located below the grounded roller is arranged in the electrostatic sorting box, and a roller motor for driving the grounded roller to rotate is arranged on the outside of the electrostatic sorting box.

[0012] Furthermore, the interior of the first aggregate trough is divided into a first trough chamber, a second trough chamber and a third trough chamber by a partition, the first trough chamber and the second trough chamber are respectively located on both sides below the grounded roller, and the second trough chamber and the third trough chamber are respectively located on both sides below the static electrode.

[0013] Furthermore, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of one side wall of the electrostatic separation box, and a door stop is hinged on the outer side of the discharge port.

[0014] Furthermore, the air selection unit includes an air selection box, a fan fixedly mounted on the wind direction box, a material leveling plate obliquely arranged at the inner top of the air selection box and located directly below the bottom outlet of the second feed pipe, a first discharge channel arranged below the bottom discharge end of the material leveling plate, a second discharge channel arranged on one side of the first discharge channel, and a second collecting trough arranged below the first discharge channel and the second discharge channel, an air supply port connected to the air outlet of the fan through an air duct is provided at the top of the side wall on one side of the first discharge channel close to the material leveling plate, a guide channel opposite to the air supply port is provided at the top of the side wall on the other side of the first discharge channel, and the discharge end of the guide channel is located above the second discharge channel.

[0015] Furthermore, the air supply port and the outlet of the guide channel are both arranged to be inclined upward toward the second discharge channel, and the end of the bottom wall of the guide channel extends to the upper part of the second discharge channel.

[0016] A method for sorting crushed materials of waste photovoltaic cells is also provided, which is applied to the waste photovoltaic cell crushed material sorting equipment as described above, and comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1. Prepare the crushed materials of waste photovoltaic cells, adjust the equipment parameters, and start the equipment operation;

[0018] S2, putting the crushed materials into a vibration screening unit, and screening the crushed materials into small-sized materials containing silicon particles and metal particles, large-sized materials containing silicon wafers and glass, and unscreened materials through the vibration screening unit;

[0019] S3, small-size materials enter the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit through the first feeding pipeline for high-voltage electrostatic separation and separation, and high-purity silicon particles and metal particles are obtained and collected separately. Large-size materials enter the air separation unit through the second feeding pipeline for air separation and separation, and high-purity silicon wafers and glass are obtained and collected separately. Unscreened materials are discharged from the tail discharge end of the vibration screening unit;

[0020] S4. After the sorting is completed, the equipment is turned off and the separated products are taken out of the equipment.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. The present invention realizes particle sorting of crushed materials of waste photovoltaic cells by setting a vibration screening unit, and obtains three different size specifications of materials, namely, small-size materials containing silicon particles and metal particles, large-size materials containing silicon wafers and glass, and unscreened materials. Then, the small-size materials are separated by a high-voltage electrostatic sorting unit to obtain high-purity silicon particles and metal particles and collect them separately. The large-size materials are separated by an air selection unit to obtain high-purity silicon wafers and glass and collect them separately. The unscreened materials are reused in the preparation of crushed materials. A method combining vibration screening, air selection and high-voltage electrostatic separation is adopted to expand and extend the application of mechanical methods, improve material sorting efficiency, avoid the cost increase problem caused by multiple sorting processes, and does not involve chemical methods. The final product does not need to be processed, which reduces the cost of sorting, is green and environmentally friendly, and has low pollution.

[0023] 2. The mesh screen of the vibration screening unit of the present invention adopts an embedded detachable assembly method, which is convenient for adjusting and replacing the mesh size of the screen to achieve graded screening of particulate materials of preset sizes, and the cleaning or replacement of the screen is relatively convenient to ensure screening efficiency; according to the sorting results of the particle size grade, the parameters such as the corona electrode angle, static electrode position, motor speed in the high-voltage electrostatic sorting unit and the parameters such as the fan speed in the air sorting unit can be adjusted to optimize the sorting effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is one of the overall structural schematic diagrams of the waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting equipment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is the second overall structural schematic diagram of the waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting equipment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the vibration screening unit in a state where the upper cover plate is opened;

[0027] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the vibration screening unit;

[0028] Figure 5 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit;

[0029] Figure 6 The second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit;

[0030] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit;

[0031] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit;

[0032] Fig. 9 It is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the air selection unit;

[0033] Fig.10 The second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the air selection unit;

[0034] Fig.11 The third schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the air selection unit;

[0035] Fig.12 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the air selection unit;

[0036] Fig.13 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the material leveling plate;

[0037] Fig.14 The present invention is a flow chart of the operation of the waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting equipment.

[0038] In the figure: 1, substrate; 2, bracket; 3, top plate; 4, control unit; 5, vibration screening unit; 501, screening slot; 502, first screen; 503, second screen; 504, vibrator; 505, support spring; 506, waste trough; 507, upper cover; 508, feed hopper; 6, high-voltage electrostatic separation unit; 601, electrostatic separation box; 602, feed trough; 603, static electrode; 604, corona electrode; 605, grounding roller; 606, felt roller; 607, roller motor; 608, door stop; 609, first collecting trough; 7, air selection unit; 701, air selection box; 702, fan; 703, material leveling plate; 704, first discharging channel; 705, second discharging channel; 706, second collecting trough; 707, air duct; 708, air supply port; 709, guide channel; 8, first supply pipeline; 9, second supply pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "mounted on" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may be a central component at the same time. When a component is considered to be "fixed to" another component, it may be directly fixed on the other component or there may be a central component at the same time.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "or / and" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0042] The present invention provides a waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting equipment, which is mainly composed of four parts, namely: a vibration screening unit 5, a high-voltage electrostatic sorting unit 6, and a wind selection unit 7 frame. Among them, the frame includes a substrate 1, a bracket 2 fixedly arranged on the substrate 1, and a top plate 3 fixedly arranged on the top of the bracket 2, and the entire device is supported and connected by the frame. A control unit 4 is fixedly arranged on the top plate 3. Since the control function unit of this equipment mainly involves the start and stop control and frequency adjustment of the motor, the start and stop control and speed adjustment of the fan, the parameter adjustment of the high-voltage electrostatic input voltage, and the start and stop control of the electrode work, the control unit 4 adopts the existing conventional general logic controller, the motor control unit matched with the motor, and the high-voltage power supply and other functional components. The specific models, connection relationships and working principles are also existing technologies, which will not be described in detail here. The following only elaborates on the innovative structural design of the present invention.

[0043] See also Figures 1 to 13 In the present device, a vibration screening unit 5 is flexibly connected above the top surface of the top plate 3, and a high-voltage electrostatic separation unit 6 and an air separation unit 7 are fixedly arranged on the top surface of the base plate 1, and the first discharge end at the bottom of the vibration screening unit 5 is connected to the top feed end of the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit 6 through a first feeding pipe 8, and the second discharge end is connected to the top feed end of the air separation unit 7 through a second feeding pipe 9.

[0044] Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, the vibration screening unit 5 includes a screen slot 501 obliquely arranged above the top plate 3, a first screen 502 and a second screen 503 detachably embedded in the bottom wall of the screen slot 501, and a vibrator 504 fixedly arranged at one end of the screen slot 501. Both sides of the bottom surface of the screen slot 501 are flexibly connected to the top surface of the top plate 3 through support springs 505, and a waste trough 506 is arranged on the top surface of the top plate 3 below the tail discharge end of the screen slot 501. Figure 3From the perspective shown, the height of the support spring 505 connected to the right end of the bottom surface of the sieve slot 501 is greater than the height of the support spring 505 connected to the left end of the bottom surface thereof, and the other performance parameters of each support spring 505 are the same, so the sieve slot 501 is lower on the left and higher on the right in both the static state and the vibrating working state. An extension plate is integrally provided at the right end of the sieve slot 501 for installing a vibrator 504 (vibration motor). In this way, when the vibrator 504 is working, the sieve slot 501 can be driven to vibrate continuously and irregularly, so that the broken materials of the waste photovoltaic cells in the sieve slot 501 are dispersed and rolled down from right to left along the bottom surface of the sieve slot 501 under the action of vibration.

[0045] The bottom wall of the sieve slot 501 is provided with a first discharge port and a second discharge port, respectively. The first screen 502 is embedded in the top of the first discharge port, the first feed pipe 8 is arranged directly below the first discharge port, the second screen 503 is embedded in the top of the second discharge port, and the second feed pipe 9 is arranged directly below the second discharge port. For this purpose, a through opening is provided at the center of the top plate 3, and the first feed pipe 8 and the second feed pipe 9 are located in the through opening, so that the two feed pipes can vibrate freely and synchronously with the sieve slot 501; at the same time, the middle parts of the two feed pipes are connected by a hose so that the upper part can vibrate freely, and the lower part is fixedly connected to the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit 6 or the air separation unit 7.

[0046] After the waste photovoltaic cells are heated for pretreatment to remove the back plate and are crushed, they only contain glass, metal, and large and small particles of silicon, which are the waste photovoltaic cell crushed materials that are screened and separated by this equipment. Since the aperture of the first screen 502 is smaller than the aperture of the second screen 503, the waste photovoltaic cell crushed materials are screened twice by the first screen 502 and the second screen 503 in the process of rolling down from top to bottom. The waste photovoltaic cell crushed materials can be screened and divided into three different sizes of particle materials: small particle materials containing silicon particles and metal particles, large particle materials containing silicon wafers and glass, and unscreened materials. The small particle materials enter the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit 6 through the first feeding pipe 8 for high-voltage electrostatic separation, and the large particle materials enter the air separation unit 7 through the second feeding pipe 9 for air separation. The unscreened materials are discharged from the tail discharge end of the vibration screening unit 5. Figure 4 As shown (the width of the arrow in the figure represents the flow direction of the material of the corresponding particle size grade).

[0047] Preferably, the first screen 502 in the first discharge port and the second screen 503 in the second discharge port are both movably embedded, so that the screens can be replaced to ensure the screening effect or to adjust the particle size grade of the sorted particles. Figure 3A discharge port is provided on the side wall (bottom left side of the middle part), and a downwardly inclined guide plate is provided at the bottom edge of the discharge port. The bottom end of the guide plate is located just above the top opening of the waste trough 506, so that the unscreened materials can be sent into the waste trough 6 through the discharge port and the guide plate, and can be re-crushed and sent into the sieve slot 501 again for further screening. Further, an upper cover plate 507 is provided on the top opening of the sieve slot 501, and a feed hopper 508 is provided on the upper cover plate 507. In this embodiment, the right end of the upper cover plate 507 is hinged to the top end of the right arm of the sieve slot 501. In the working state, the upper cover plate 507 is buckled on the sieve slot 501, and the left end is fixedly connected to the sieve slot 501 by a bolt pair to prevent the materials in the sieve slot 501 from overflowing during the vibration process; when the screening effect is poor or the screening size is adjusted, the upper cover plate 507 can be opened to clean or replace the screen. The feed hopper 508 is arranged at the top right end of the upper cover plate 507 so that the crushed materials of waste photovoltaic cells can be fed into the rightmost high position in the screening slot 501 by the feed hopper 508, so that the crushed materials can be fully rolled down and screened.

[0048] like Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit 6 includes an electrostatic separation box 601, a feed trough 602 obliquely arranged at the inner top of the electrostatic separation box 601 and located directly below the bottom outlet of the first feeding pipe 8, a static electrode 603 fixedly arranged at one side of the bottom discharge end of the feed trough 602, a corona electrode 604 fixedly arranged at the inner top of the electrostatic separation box 601 and located between the feed trough 602 and the static electrode 603, a grounded roller 605 rotatably arranged below the corona electrode 604, and a felt roller 606 arranged opposite to the grounded roller 605, the felt roller 606 is located on the side of the grounded roller 605 away from the static electrode 603, a first collecting trough 609 located below the grounded roller 605 is arranged in the electrostatic separation box 601, and a roller motor 607 for driving the grounded roller 605 to rotate is arranged on the outer side of the electrostatic separation box 601.

[0049] The electrostatic separation box 601 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the base plate 1 by a bolt pair, and a feed port (such as Figure 5As shown in FIG. 6 , the bottom end of the first feed pipe 8 is located above the feed port and is fixedly connected to the top surface of the electrostatic separation box 601 by bolts. The feed trough 602 is set higher on the left and lower on the right, and is fixedly connected to the top of the side wall of the electrostatic separation box 601 by bolts, so that the small-sized material fed by the first feed pipe 8 can slide down along the bottom surface of the feed trough 602, enter the internal middle top position of the electrostatic separation box 601, and then fall freely. The static electrode 603 and the corona electrode 604 are respectively fixedly connected to the internal top wall of the electrostatic separation box 601 by bolts, and high-voltage direct current is provided by an external high-voltage power supply. The static electrode 603 is set to the right side of the position where the small-sized material leaves the feed trough 602 and starts to fall freely, and the corona electrode 604 is located directly above the position where the small-sized material leaves the feed trough 602 and starts to fall freely. The two ends of the rotating shaft of the felt roller 606 and the grounded roller 605 are connected to the inner walls of the two sides of the electrostatic separation box 601 through bearings, and the grounded roller 605 is located directly below the position where the small-sized material leaves the feed trough 602 and starts to fall freely, and its rotation direction during operation is consistent with the direction of the parabolic fall of the small-sized material, while the felt roller 606 is located on the left side of the grounded roller 605 (the side opposite to the parabolic fall of the small-sized material), and the grounded roller 605 drives the synchronous roller of the felt roller 606 through friction. The roller motor 607 is fixedly installed on the base plate 1 through a bolt pair, and one side of the shaft end of the grounded roller 605 extends to the outside of the electrostatic separation box 601, and is connected to the roller motor 607 through a belt transmission mechanism.

[0050] The interior of the first collecting tank 609 is divided into a first tank chamber, a second tank chamber and a third tank chamber by a partition. The first tank chamber and the second tank chamber are located on both sides below the grounded roller 605, and the second tank chamber and the third tank chamber are located on both sides below the static electrode 603. Figure 8 As shown, when the small-sized material containing silicon particles and metal particles slides down along the feed trough 602 and then falls freely, the corona electrode 604 ionizes the surrounding air through the high-voltage charge to form a corona electric field. When the small-sized material enters the electric field, it is charged. The forward movement of the particles is affected by the electric field generated by the static electrode 603, and the metal particles (as shown in the solid circle in the figure) continue to leap forward. Most of them are recovered in the third slot chamber of the collection trough, and some are recovered in the second slot chamber due to other factors. Silicon particles (as shown in the hollow circle in the figure) are adsorbed by the grounded roller 605, and most of the particles are recovered in the first slot chamber due to the obstruction of gravity or the felt roller 606, and a part of them are recovered in the second slot chamber. In this way, the separation of silicon particles and metal particles is completed.

[0051] Preferably, the top of the internal partition of the first collecting trough 609 is connected to an angle-adjustable baffle through a locking screw to adjust the upper space boundary of the three slot chambers, so as to block and isolate the particle travel route, so that silicon particles will not enter the third slot chamber, and metal particles will not enter the first slot chamber, thereby ensuring the purity of the materials in the first and third slot chambers. A discharge port is provided at the bottom of one side wall of the electrostatic separation box 601, and a door stop 608 is hinged on the outside of the discharge port. After the electrostatic separation of silicon particles and metal particles is completed, the first collecting trough 609 can be taken out of the electrostatic separation box 601 by opening the door stop 608 to complete the recovery of the corresponding materials. The mixed material collected in the second slot chamber can be put into the screening slot 501 for another separation process.

[0052] In this unit, the electrode tip angle of the corona electrode 604 can be adjusted, and the position of the static electrode 603 can also be adjusted, so as to change the electrostatic field potential distribution. The rotation speed of the grounded roller 605 can be set by adjusting the speed of the external roller motor 607, so as to optimize the movement trajectory of the particles through the coordination between the functional components; by adjusting the baffle angle on the first collecting trough 609 to adjust the position range of different materials falling, the sorting efficiency and purity of the materials can be improved.

[0053] like Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the air selection unit 7 includes an air selection box 701, a fan 702 fixedly arranged on the wind direction box 701, a material leveling plate 703 obliquely arranged at the inner top of the air selection box 701 and located directly below the bottom outlet of the second supply pipe 9, a first discharge channel 704 arranged below the bottom discharge end of the material leveling plate 703, a second discharge channel 705 arranged on one side of the first discharge channel 704, and a second collecting trough 706 arranged below the first discharge channel 704 and the second discharge channel 705. The top of the side wall of the first discharge channel 704 on one side close to the material leveling plate 703 is provided with an air supply port 708 connected to the air outlet of the fan 702 through an air duct 707, and the top of the side wall on the other side of the first discharge channel 704 is provided with a guide channel 709 opposite to the air supply port 708, and the discharge end of the guide channel 709 is located above the second discharge channel 705.

[0054] The air separation box 701 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the base plate 1 by a bolt pair, and a feed inlet (such as Fig. 9 and Fig.13As shown in the figure, the bottom end of the second feed pipe 9 is located above the feed port and is fixedly connected to the top surface of the air separation box 701 by bolts. The material leveling plate 703 is set higher on the left and lower on the right, and is fixedly connected to the top of the side wall of the air separation box 701 by bolts, so that the large-size material fed by the second feed pipe 9 can slide down along the surface of the material leveling plate 703, and then fall freely downward from the first discharge channel 704. The outlets of the air supply port 708 and the guide channel 709 are both inclined toward the top of the second discharge channel 705. Specifically, the air supply port 708 is set at the top of the left side wall of the first discharge channel 704 and is inclined to the upper right direction, and the second discharge channel 705 is also correspondingly set to the upper right direction. The end of the bottom wall of the guide channel 709 extends to the upper part of the second discharge channel 705. Specifically, the guide channel 709 is composed of a vertical baffle fixedly connected to the top wall of the air separation box 701 by bolts and a right baffle fixedly connected to the top of the right side wall of the first discharge channel 704. The bottom end of the vertical baffle is integrally provided with a flange folded to the lower left, and the bottom edge of the flange is located near the right side of the bottom edge of the material leveling plate 703. The vertical baffle can separate the upper space inside the air separation box 701 into two parts, left and right. Before entering the first discharge channel 704, the large particle size material will not enter the space on the right due to the blocking effect of the vertical baffle, and will not directly enter the second discharge channel 705. The left half of the right baffle is arranged parallel to the bottom flange of the vertical baffle to form a channel opposite to the air supply port 708, and the right half is folded to the lower right direction to guide the material sent out from the guide channel 709 so that the material can smoothly enter the second discharge channel 705. The second collecting trough 706 can be set as two isolated trough chambers, which are located below the bottom discharge ports of the first discharge channel 704 and the second discharge channel 705; it can also be set as two, and placed below the bottom discharge ports of the first discharge channel 704 and the second discharge channel 705 respectively.

[0055] like Fig.13 As shown, in this embodiment, the surface of the material leveling plate 703 is provided with a plurality of guide strips with the bottom tilted outward, so that the large-size materials falling on the material leveling plate 703 can be dispersed and fall toward the bottom of the material leveling plate 703. Correspondingly, the number of fans 702 is set to two, and they are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the air separation box 701, and the air supply ports 708 are also symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the material leveling plate 703. Each fan 702 is connected to the air supply port 708 on the corresponding side through the air duct 707. In this way, the airflow sent in by the fan 702 can be concentrated to air-separate the falling materials to improve the efficiency of air separation.

[0056] Based on the working principle of air separation: different density and volume lead to different suspension speeds of particles in the air. Under the action of wind, light materials are blown to one side (with a larger horizontal deviation), while heavy materials fall vertically (with a smaller horizontal deviation), thus achieving the effect of sorting. Fig.12 As shown, the large-particle material containing silicon wafers and glass slides down along the material leveling plate 703, and in the process of vertically falling under the action of the flange of the vertical baffle, the airflow sent in by the air supply port 708 acts on the mixed material entering the first discharge channel 704. Under the action of wind, the silicon wafer (the hollow circle shown in the figure) is blown to the upper right side and enters the guide channel 709, and then collected by the second discharge channel 705 into the second collection trough 706 corresponding to the bottom thereof. The glass (the solid circle shown in the figure) is less affected by the wind, and continues to fall and is collected by the first discharge channel 704 into the second collection trough 706 corresponding to the bottom thereof. In this way, the separation of silicon wafers and glass is completed. After the separation is completed, the second collection trough 706 can be directly removed from the substrate 1 to complete the recovery of the corresponding materials.

[0057] See also Fig.14 The present invention also provides a method for sorting waste photovoltaic cell crushed materials, which is applied to the waste photovoltaic cell crushed material sorting equipment as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0058] S1. Prepare the crushed materials of waste photovoltaic cells, adjust the equipment parameters, and start the equipment operation.

[0059] S2. The crushed materials are put into the vibration screening unit 5, and the crushed materials are screened by the vibration screening unit 5 into small-sized materials containing silicon particles and metal particles, large-sized materials containing silicon wafers and glass, and unscreened materials.

[0060] S3, small-size materials enter the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit 6 through the first feeding pipe 8 for high-voltage electrostatic separation, and high-purity silicon particles and metal particles are obtained and collected separately. Large-size materials enter the air separation unit 7 through the second feeding pipe 9 for air separation, and high-purity silicon wafers and glass are obtained and collected separately. Unscreened materials are discharged from the tail discharge end of the vibration screening unit 5;

[0061] S4. After the sorting is completed, the equipment is turned off and the separated products are taken out of the equipment.

[0062] Among them, after the waste photovoltaic cells are heated and pre-treated to remove the back plate and crushed, they only contain glass, metal, and large and small particle size silicon, which are the waste photovoltaic cell crushed materials screened and separated by this equipment. The mixed material of silicon particles and metal particles obtained in the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit 6 and the unscreened materials discharged from the vibration screening unit 5 are also components of the waste photovoltaic cell crushed materials.

[0063] According to the particle size distribution range of the prepared crushed material, the mesh size of the screen used for the two-stage screening is determined to reduce the number of material cyclic screening times and improve the screening efficiency. In the high-voltage electrostatic sorting unit 6, the electrode tip angle of the corona electrode 604, the position of the static electrode 603 and the baffle angle on the first collection trough 609 are factors that affect the sorting effect and need to be adjusted before the power is turned on. After the adjustment is completed, start the control unit 4 and the high-voltage power supply, debug the air outlet speed of the fan 702, the speed of the roller motor 607 and the electrostatic field potential to achieve the best sorting effect.

[0064] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0065] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting device, comprising a substrate (1), a bracket (2) fixedly arranged on the substrate (1), and a top plate (3) fixedly arranged on the top of the bracket (2), wherein a control unit (4) is fixedly arranged on the top plate (3), characterized in that: A vibration screening unit (5) is flexibly connected above the top surface of the top plate (3), and a high-voltage electrostatic separation unit (6) and an air separation unit (7) are respectively fixedly arranged on the top surface of the base plate (1); a first discharge end at the bottom of the vibration screening unit (5) is connected to a top feed end of the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit (6) via a first feed pipe (8), and a second discharge end is connected to a top feed end of the air separation unit (7) via a second feed pipe (9); The vibration screening unit (5) screens the waste photovoltaic cell crushed materials into small-sized materials containing silicon particles and metal particles, large-sized materials containing silicon wafers and glass, and unscreened materials; the small-sized materials enter the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit (6) through the first feeding pipe (8) for high-voltage electrostatic separation; the large-sized materials enter the air separation unit (7) through the second feeding pipe (9) for air separation; and the unscreened materials are discharged from the tail discharge end of the vibration screening unit (5).

2. The waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting equipment according to claim 1 is characterized by: The vibrating screening unit (5) comprises a screening slot (501) obliquely arranged above the top plate (3), a first screen (502) and a second screen (503) respectively detachably embedded in the bottom wall of the screening slot (501), and a vibrator (504) fixedly arranged at one end of the screening slot (501); both sides of the bottom surface of the screening slot (501) are flexibly connected to the top surface of the top plate (3) via support springs (505); and a waste slot (506) located below the tail discharge end of the screening slot (501) is arranged on the top surface of the top plate (3).

3. The waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting equipment according to claim 2 is characterized by: An upper cover plate (507) is provided on the top opening of the sieve slot (501), and a feed hopper (508) is provided on the upper cover plate (507).

4. A waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The bottom wall of the sieve slot (501) is respectively provided with a first discharge port and a second discharge port, the first sieve (502) is embedded in the top of the first discharge port, the first feed pipe (8) is arranged directly below the first discharge port, the second sieve (503) is embedded in the top of the second discharge port, and the second feed pipe (9) is arranged directly below the second discharge port.

5. The waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting equipment according to claim 1 is characterized by: The high-voltage electrostatic separation unit (6) comprises an electrostatic separation box (601), a feed trough (602) obliquely arranged at the top of the interior of the electrostatic separation box (601) and located directly below the bottom outlet of the first feed pipe (8), a static electrode (603) fixedly arranged at one side of the discharge end at the bottom of the feed trough (602), a corona electrode (604) fixedly arranged at the top of the interior of the electrostatic separation box (601) and located between the feed trough (602) and the static electrode (603), and a rotating device. A grounded roller (605) is disposed below the corona electrode (604), and a felt roller (606) is disposed opposite to the grounded roller (605), wherein the felt roller (606) is located on a side of the grounded roller (605) away from the static electrode (603), a first collecting trough (609) is disposed below the grounded roller (605) in the electrostatic separation box (601), and a roller motor (607) is disposed on the outer side of the electrostatic separation box (601) for driving the grounded roller (605) to rotate.

6. The waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting equipment according to claim 5 is characterized by: The interior of the first collecting trough (609) is divided into a first trough chamber, a second trough chamber and a third trough chamber by a partition. The first trough chamber and the second trough chamber are respectively located on both sides below the grounded roller (605), and the second trough chamber and the third trough chamber are respectively located on both sides below the static electrode (603).

7. A waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: A discharge port is provided at the bottom of one side wall of the electrostatic separation box (601), and a door stop (608) is hingedly connected to the outer side of the discharge port.

8. The waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting equipment according to claim 1 is characterized by: The air separation unit (7) comprises an air separation box (701), a fan (702) fixedly arranged on the air separation box (701), a material leveling plate (703) obliquely arranged at the inner top of the air separation box (701) and located directly below the bottom outlet of the second material supply pipe (9), a first discharge channel (704) arranged below the discharge end at the bottom of the material leveling plate (703), a second discharge channel (705) arranged on one side of the first discharge channel (704), and a second discharge channel (706) arranged on the first discharge channel (706). ) and a second collecting trough (706) below the second discharge channel (705); an air supply port (708) connected to the air outlet of the fan (702) through an air duct (707) is provided at the top of the side wall on one side of the first discharge channel (704) close to the material leveling plate (703); a guide channel (709) opposite to the air supply port (708) is provided at the top of the other side wall of the first discharge channel (704); and the discharge end of the guide channel (709) is located above the second discharge channel (705).

9. The waste photovoltaic cell crushing material sorting equipment according to claim 1 is characterized by: The outlets of the air supply port (708) and the guide channel (709) are both arranged to be inclined upward toward the second discharge channel (705), and the end of the bottom wall of the guide channel (709) extends to the upper part of the second discharge channel (705).

10. A method for sorting waste photovoltaic cell crushed materials, applied to the waste photovoltaic cell crushed material sorting equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Prepare the crushed materials of waste photovoltaic cells, adjust the equipment parameters, and start the equipment operation; S2, putting the crushed material into a vibration screening unit (5), and screening the crushed material into small-sized materials containing silicon particles and metal particles, large-sized materials containing silicon wafers and glass, and unscreened materials by the vibration screening unit (5); S3, small-size materials enter the high-voltage electrostatic separation unit (6) through the first feeding pipe (8) for high-voltage electrostatic separation, and obtain high-purity silicon particles and metal particles and collect them separately; large-size materials enter the air separation unit (7) through the second feeding pipe (9) for air separation, and obtain high-purity silicon wafers and glass and collect them separately; unscreened materials are discharged from the tail discharge end of the vibration screening unit (5); S4. After the sorting is completed, the equipment is turned off and the separated products are taken out of the equipment.

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