Pulse microwave and infrared detection combined rock mass stress positioning and releasing device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a pulse microwave and infrared detection combined rock mass stress positioning and releasing device which comprises a mobile platform, a main body structure is arranged on the mobile platform, and a control and data storage module, a display screen, an alarm, a control button and an infrared thermal imaging module are arranged on the outer top of the main body structure. The infrared thermal imaging module is arranged at the foremost end of the outer top of the main body structure, a pulse microwave emission device is arranged in the main body structure, and the display screen, the alarm and the control button are all connected with the control and data storage module through data lines; and the control and data storage module is connected with and controls the infrared thermal imaging module and the pulse microwave emission equipment in a wired or wireless manner. The invention further discloses a monitoring method using the stress positioning and releasing device. Through accurate microwave emission and dynamic infrared thermal imaging monitoring, efficient release and real-time monitoring of tunnel rock mass stress are achieved, and the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering technology, and more particularly to a rock mass stress positioning and release device and method that combines pulsed microwave and infrared detection. Background Technology

[0002] High stress concentration areas are prone to safety hazards such as rock bursts after tunnel excavation. Existing stress relief methods, such as mechanical drilling and blasting, suffer from low efficiency and poor control precision. In addition, monitoring schemes relying on pre-embedded sensors often face limitations such as installation difficulties and monitoring lags in the later stages of tunnel construction.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of microwave technology, microwave heating has gradually become a feasible method for releasing rock mass stress. Microwave heating acts on the rock mass in a non-contact manner, raising the local temperature of the rock mass, thereby inducing thermal stress and releasing the original stress inside the rock mass. However, relying solely on microwave heating makes it difficult to accurately locate high-stress areas, and parameters such as microwave frequency and power have a significant impact on the heating effect of the rock mass, requiring optimization and control in conjunction with real-time monitoring technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a rock mass stress positioning and release device and method that combines pulsed microwave and infrared detection. Through precise microwave emission and dynamic infrared thermal imaging monitoring, it can achieve efficient release and real-time monitoring of tunnel rock mass stress, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A rock mass stress location and release device combining pulsed microwave and infrared detection includes a mobile platform with a main structure. The outer top of the main structure is equipped with a control and data storage module, a display screen, an alarm, control buttons, and an infrared thermal imaging module. The infrared thermal imaging module is located at the front end of the outer top of the main structure. A pulsed microwave transmitting device is installed inside the main structure. The display screen, alarm, and control buttons are all connected to the control and data storage module via data cables. The control and data storage module controls the infrared thermal imaging module and the pulsed microwave transmitting device via wired or wireless connection.

[0006] The receiving surface of the infrared thermal imaging module and the transmitting end of the pulse microwave transmitting device are aligned.

[0007] The mobile platform has a rectangular structure and wheels at the bottom.

[0008] The pulsed microwave transmitting device includes an externally mounted wide-area microwave transmitting module and an internally mounted precision microwave transmitting module. The wide-area microwave transmitting module is a retractable cylinder installed at the front end of the main structure. It is equipped with a ring-shaped transmitting disk connected by six balance bars. To enable multi-directional oscillation of the ring-shaped transmitting disk, the six balance bars employ a universal joint structure. This structure provides degrees of freedom in multiple directions, allowing the transmitting disk to flexibly adjust its angle in the up-down and left-right directions, ensuring microwave coverage of a wide area within the tunnel. This technology is existing. A ring of small cylindrical microwave transmitters is designed in front of the transmitting disk, with their angle aligned with the direction of the transmitting disk.

[0009] The precision microwave transmitting module consists of a series of compact small cylinders installed at the center of the wide-area microwave transmitting module. It is mainly used for precise heating and stress relief in local high-stress areas.

[0010] The back of the main structure is evenly distributed with heat sinks, which can ensure the stable operation of the equipment.

[0011] The monitoring method based on a rock mass stress location and release device combining pulsed microwave and infrared detection includes the following steps: Step 1: Equipment Configuration: After tunnel excavation, install pulse microwave transmitting equipment and infrared thermal imaging equipment; Step 2: Preliminary microwave emission: The exposed rock mass of the tunnel is preliminarily heated using a wide-area microwave emission mode. A lower frequency microwave is selected, ranging from 0.3 GHz to 3 GHz, to ensure that the microwave can effectively penetrate the interior of the rock mass and release the initial stress on the surface of the rock mass. Step 3: Infrared thermal imaging monitoring: Before microwave transmission, the initial temperature distribution of the rock mass surface is recorded using infrared thermal imaging equipment as baseline data; during wide-area microwave transmission, the temperature change of the rock mass surface is monitored in real time, with a focus on areas where the temperature rises significantly, which are usually high stress concentration areas of the rock mass. Step 4: Precise Microwave Control: Based on infrared thermal imaging data, identify high-stress areas with significantly elevated temperatures. For these areas, adjust the microwave frequency and pulse parameters, selecting higher-frequency microwaves (30 GHz to 300 GHz) and increasing local energy input through pulse modulation strategies to achieve a deeper stress release effect. Subsequently, the microwave equipment focuses on the high-stress areas for directional, precise microwave emission, continuously monitoring temperature changes in these areas to ensure sufficient stress release. Step 5: Continuous dynamic observation: During microwave emission, continuously observe the temperature changes on the rock surface using infrared thermal imaging technology; if new high-stress areas are found or the temperature of existing areas is still rising significantly, adjust the frequency and power of microwave emission in a timely manner to ensure the best stress release effect; Step 6: End and Data Recording: After the stress release operation is completed, use an infrared thermal imaging device to scan the rock surface again and record the final temperature distribution. By comparing the initial and final temperature data, the overall stress release effect can be evaluated. Finally, the temperature change monitoring data is archived for use in subsequent tunnel stability assessments.

[0012] High-stress region identification and stress release process based on microwave and infrared thermal imaging: Step 1: Wide-area microwave transmission and signal collection Initially, wide-area microwave emission is used to heat the tunnel rock mass, releasing initial surface stress. Low-frequency microwaves from 0.3 GHz to 3 GHz are used to penetrate deeper rock masses, covering different types of stress concentration areas. This can be extended to 10 GHz-20 GHz mid-frequency microwaves for more precise heating targeting different absorption characteristics of the rock mass. The initial power range is 0.5 kW - 10 kW, dynamically adjusted based on rock material properties, humidity, and depth to ensure effective stress release. A microwave signal receiver is integrated into the device's control and data storage module to monitor the intensity and changes in microwave reflected signals.

[0013] Step 2: Identification of rock mass absorption and stress concentration areas Real-time monitoring of microwave reflection signal intensity allows for analysis of absorption on the rock surface and within the rock mass. Microwave absorption rates in high-stress areas are typically 20%-50% higher than in normal areas. Microwave absorption rate data helps identify potential stress concentration zones.

[0014] Step 3: Preliminary Infrared Thermal Imaging Detection Infrared thermal imaging modules are used to monitor the surface temperature of the rock mass and identify localized temperature anomalies (hot spots). The typical temperature range is 0°C to 80°C, with hot spots typically exceeding ambient temperatures by 3°C to 10°C. The infrared imaging equipment should have a resolution of 640 x 480 pixels to detect temperature differences as small as 0.1°C. The optimal distance between the infrared thermal imaging lens and the rock surface is 3 to 5 meters, which can be adjusted according to the tunnel excavation depth.

[0015] Step 4: Comprehensively determine high-stress areas The system automatically compares the temperature distribution in the thermal imaging images to identify stress concentration areas. It continuously monitors the rock surface temperature, generating detailed temperature distribution maps and recording the temperature change trends of hotspots before and after stress release. By integrating microwave reflection and absorption characteristic analysis results with infrared thermal imaging data, it prioritizes areas with high microwave absorptivity and rising temperatures as key areas for stress concentration treatment.

[0016] Step 5: Multiple microwave transmissions and adjustments Initial scanning and heating are performed using the low-to-mid frequency band (0.3 GHz - 20 GHz) to release surface stress. The frequency is gradually increased to 30 GHz - 300 GHz to penetrate deeper into stress concentration areas within the rock mass. Based on temperature changes from infrared thermal imaging feedback and microwave signal reflection, the microwave transmission power, frequency, and angle are dynamically adjusted to ensure comprehensive coverage and precise processing of high-stress areas.

[0017] Step 6: Data Feedback and Stress Relief Assessment The system continuously monitors the temperature changes of the hot spot area using infrared thermal imaging, and judges the stress release effect by combining the changes in the reflection and absorption rates of the microwave signal. Judgment criteria: (1) The temperature shown in the image drops back to the ambient temperature range (±2°C); (2) The microwave reflection signal recovers to ±5% of the initial value. When the temperature of the hot spot area and the microwave reflection signal simultaneously meet the above conditions, the system judges that the stress in the high-stress area has been completely released, and the equipment can stop the heating process.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The device and method of the present invention can accurately release high-stress areas after tunnel excavation, reducing interference and risks associated with traditional methods during tunnel excavation.

[0019] Infrared thermal imaging technology provides an efficient means of temperature monitoring, enabling real-time acquisition of temperature distribution on rock surfaces and identification of areas of high stress concentration. This provides a reliable basis for the precise application of pulsed microwaves, thereby achieving efficient and accurate stress release.

[0020] This invention combines microwave technology and infrared thermal imaging technology to achieve precise and dynamic stress release and monitoring. With this device, stress release and safety assessment after tunnel excavation can be completed solely based on its own monitoring data, without the need for external information support such as pre-embedded sensors. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a top view of the monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 3 Front view of the monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 4 A perspective view of the monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the angle adjustment of the transmitter disk of the wide-area microwave transmitter module of the present invention; In the figure, 1. Mobile platform, 2. Main structure, 3. Control and data storage module (including microwave reflection signal receiver), 4. Display screen, 5. Alarm, 6. Control button, 7. Pulse microwave transmitting device, 7(a). Wide-area microwave transmitting module, 7(b). Precision microwave transmitting module, 8. Infrared thermal imaging module, 9. Heat dissipation device. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] The structures, proportions, and sizes illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes and to aid those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of the invention and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, provided they do not affect the effectiveness or purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed herein. Furthermore, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "one" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention's implementation.

[0024] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the rock mass stress positioning and release device combining pulsed microwave and infrared detection includes a mobile platform 1, on which a main structure 2 is mounted. The outer top of the main structure 2 is equipped with a control and data storage module 3, a display screen 4, an alarm 5, control buttons 6, and an infrared thermal imaging module 8. The infrared thermal imaging module 8 is located at the frontmost end of the outer top of the main structure 1. A pulsed microwave transmitting device 7 is installed inside the main structure 1. The display screen 4, alarm 5, and control buttons 6 are all connected to the control and data storage module 3 via data cables. The control and data storage module 3 connects to and controls the infrared thermal imaging module 8 and the pulsed microwave transmitting device 7 via wired or wireless connection.

[0025] The receiving surface of the infrared thermal imaging module 8 and the transmitting end of the pulse microwave transmitting device 7 are aligned.

[0026] The control and data storage module 3, located at the top of the device, is used to control the operation of the entire system and store relevant data. The control and storage module is designed as a square box, with dimensions of approximately 0.4 meters x 0.35 meters and a height of 0.2 meters.

[0027] Main structure 2 consists of a cuboid with a length and width of 0.9 meters and a height of 0.8 meters, mounted on the chassis, which serves as the main equipment support structure of the device.

[0028] The chassis of mobile platform 1 is rectangular, approximately 1 meter long, 1.02 meters wide, and 0.1 meters thick. The chassis provides support for the entire device, forming the basic structure, and is located at the bottom of the device. The chassis is made of high-strength materials (such as steel or aluminum alloy) to ensure the stability and durability of the equipment. Four 0.1-meter diameter wheels are installed at the four corners of the chassis to ensure flexible movement of the device within the tunnel. The mobile platform is equipped with multi-directional wheels or a track system, enabling flexible movement on uneven or sloping tunnel surfaces. A gyroscope and accelerometer can be installed inside the mobile platform to monitor the balance and stability of the device, automatically adjusting its posture to prevent tipping during movement or operation.

[0029] Display screen 4 is used to display the real-time status of the device and stress and temperature data inside the tunnel. Alarm 5 is an ultra-high stress alarm device.

[0030] Control buttons 6 allow users to adjust the microwave emission frequency and power. The display screen shows the real-time status of the device and stress and temperature data within the tunnel.

[0031] The pulsed microwave transmitting device 7 includes an externally located wide-area microwave transmitting module 7(a) and an internally located precision microwave transmitting module 7(b). The wide-area microwave transmitting module 7(a) is a retractable cylinder installed at the front end of the main structure 2. The module is equipped with a ring-shaped transmitting disk connected by six balance bars. The design allows the transmitting disk to swing back and forth in the up and down and left and right directions to adjust the angle, so as to ensure that microwave energy covers a wide area in the tunnel. A small cylindrical microwave transmitter is designed in front of the transmitting disk, with the angle consistent with the direction of the transmitting disk.

[0032] The precision microwave transmitting module 7(b) consists of a series of compact small cylinders installed at the center of the wide-area microwave transmitting module. It is mainly used for precise heating and stress relief in local high-stress areas.

[0033] One of the core components of this device is the pulsed microwave transmitting equipment, which consists of several key parts: Microwave transmitting antenna: Responsible for directing the generated microwave energy onto the rock surface. This antenna can be adjusted in angle and direction to adapt to different tunnel shapes and rock mass locations.

[0034] Microwave heating and stress relief The core principle of pulsed microwave transmitting equipment is to use the high-frequency electromagnetic wave energy of microwaves to heat the rock mass, releasing internal high stress through thermal expansion and the generation of microcracks. Specifically, microwaves can penetrate the surface of the rock mass, generating deep heating and thus creating a local temperature gradient within the rock. This heating method can induce the propagation of microcracks within the rock mass, thereby achieving the purpose of stress release.

[0035] Frequency modulator: Used to adjust the frequency of microwave emission to suit the physical properties and stress levels of different rock masses. Lower frequency microwaves are used for broad-area initial heating, while higher frequency microwaves are used for precise stress relief.

[0036] Power regulation module: Used to control the microwave transmission power to ensure appropriate energy input in different stress areas.

[0037] Based on the physical properties of the rock mass and real-time monitoring data, the microwave transmission frequency and power of the equipment can be dynamically adjusted. Higher frequency microwaves are suitable for harder rock masses with concentrated stress, while lower frequency microwaves are used for softer rock masses or those with more fissures. Power adjustment is based on monitored temperature changes to ensure that microwave energy effectively releases stress while avoiding overheating and damage to the rock mass.

[0038] Pulse control unit: By controlling the pulse pattern of microwaves (such as pulse width and interval time), it achieves deep-level transmission of microwave energy and stress concentration release. The pulsed microwave transmitter has pulse control function, that is, by adjusting the pulse width and frequency of microwaves, it controls the propagation and energy distribution of microwaves in different rock masses. Microwaves with short pulse widths can concentrate energy in a specific area in a shorter time, while microwaves with long pulse widths can cover a wider area, enabling the equipment to perform both large-scale initial stress release and precise treatment of high-stress concentration areas.

[0039] In the overall device, the pulsed microwave transmitter is mounted on an adjustable base. This base can adjust the microwave emission angle and range according to the different shapes of the tunnel and construction requirements, ensuring that the microwave can cover and effectively act on high-stress areas.

[0040] Infrared thermal imaging equipment is another key component of this device, used to monitor temperature changes on the rock surface in real time during microwave emission. Its main components include: Infrared detector: Used to capture infrared radiation from the surface of rock and convert it into temperature data.

[0041] Imaging processing unit: processes the acquired infrared data to generate real-time temperature distribution images.

[0042] Temperature monitoring module: continuously monitors the temperature changes on the rock surface and compares them with the initial temperature data to identify high-temperature areas, which are usually areas of high stress concentration.

[0043] Infrared thermal imaging equipment helps locate high-stress areas by capturing real-time temperature distribution changes in the rock mass inside the tunnel, providing data support for subsequent precise microwave transmission.

[0044] Temperature monitoring and high-stress area identification Infrared thermal imaging equipment generates temperature distribution maps by detecting infrared radiation on the surface of rock masses. When rock masses are heated by microwaves, high-stress areas typically appear as hot spots with higher temperatures. By monitoring the temperature distribution in real time, the equipment can accurately locate these hot spots, thereby indicating areas of high stress concentration.

[0045] Dynamic monitoring and feedback adjustment During microwave emission, infrared thermal imaging equipment monitors temperature changes in real time and transmits the data to the control system. Based on this data, the control system automatically adjusts the microwave emission frequency, power, and pulse parameters to ensure that microwave energy is concentrated on the area most in need of stress release throughout the entire process. This dynamic feedback mechanism improves the efficiency and accuracy of stress release.

[0046] The control system of this device integrates the pulsed microwave transmitting equipment and the infrared thermal imaging equipment, enabling them to work together. Specific functions include: Wired and wireless connectivity: The control system connects to various devices via a high-frequency data bus or fiber optic cable, while also supporting wireless communication methods such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or LoRa, enabling remote operation of the devices. The control system receives temperature data from the infrared thermal imaging device in real time and automatically adjusts the microwave emission parameters based on preset algorithms and programs to ensure effective stress release.

[0047] Central control module: Through programming and algorithm settings, the central control module can automatically adjust microwave emission parameters based on real-time monitoring data to ensure optimal stress release effect.

[0048] Remote operation support: The control system features a user-friendly interface, allowing operation via handheld terminals or remote computers to adapt to different construction environments and needs. Simultaneously, the equipment can automatically perform stress release operations based on preset programs and real-time monitoring data without human intervention, significantly improving work efficiency.

[0049] Heat sinks are evenly distributed on the back of the main structure 2, mainly to prevent the equipment from overheating during long-term operation and to ensure stable operation of the equipment.

[0050] Adaptive monitoring and adjustment Even without pre-embedded sensors or other external information resources, the device can still monitor the temperature changes of the rock mass in real time using its own infrared thermal imaging equipment and automatically identify high-stress areas. Combined with dynamic microwave emission adjustment, the device can efficiently and accurately complete stress release tasks, exhibiting a high degree of independence and adaptability.

[0051] Data logging and engineering guidance After each operation, the device records complete temperature distribution and microwave emission parameters, generating a detailed report that provides crucial data support for subsequent tunnel construction and stability assessment. This data guides engineers in optimizing construction plans and improving tunnel safety.

[0052] Through the above-described optimized implementation methods, the present invention can efficiently and safely release rock mass stress in complex tunnel construction environments, reduce the risk of rockburst, and provide reliable data support and engineering guidance for subsequent construction.

[0053] The monitoring method using a rock mass stress location and release device combining pulsed microwave and infrared detection involves the following specific steps: 1. Preparatory work after tunnel excavation Step 1: Device positioning and initial testing Device Positioning: After the tunnel is excavated to the designated location, the stress relief and monitoring device is moved to the tunnel working face. Using the onboard lidar and terrain sensing system, the device is accurately positioned in the target area and adjusted to a suitable working angle and height.

[0054] Initial inspection: Infrared thermal imaging equipment is used to scan the initial temperature distribution of the rock mass at the tunnel working face and record the baseline temperature data as a reference for subsequent stress release effect evaluation.

[0055] 2. Pulsed microwave emission and infrared thermal imaging monitoring Step 2: Preliminary setting of microwave transmission parameters Microwave parameter settings: Based on the physical properties of the rock mass material and combined with initial temperature data, the microwave transmission frequency, pulse width, and power are initially set. The initial settings should aim for large-scale stress release, ensuring that microwave energy covers the entire working surface area.

[0056] Step 3: Microwave transmission and real-time monitoring Pulsed microwave emission: The pulsed microwave emission equipment is activated to begin wide-area microwave irradiation of the tunnel working face. The microwave emission equipment will uniformly heat the tunnel working face according to the set frequency and power to induce stress release within the rock mass.

[0057] Initially, wide-area microwave emission is used to heat the tunnel rock mass, releasing initial surface stress. Low-frequency microwaves from 0.3 GHz to 3 GHz are used to penetrate deeper rock masses, covering different types of stress concentration areas. This can be extended to 10 GHz-20 GHz mid-frequency microwaves for more precise heating targeting different absorption characteristics of the rock mass. The initial power range is 0.5 kW - 10 kW, dynamically adjusted based on rock material properties, humidity, and depth to ensure effective stress release. A microwave signal receiver is integrated into the device's control and data storage module to monitor the intensity and changes in microwave reflected signals.

[0058] Real-time temperature monitoring: Infrared thermal imaging equipment monitors temperature changes on the tunnel working face surface in real time while microwaves are being emitted. Areas with significantly elevated temperatures are the primary focus of monitoring; these areas typically correspond to rock sections with high stress concentrations.

[0059] Real-time monitoring of microwave reflection signal intensity is used to analyze the absorption of microwaves on the surface and inside the rock mass. The microwave absorption rate in high-stress areas is typically 20%-50% higher than in normal areas. Microwave absorption rate data is used to preliminarily identify potential stress concentration areas. An infrared thermal imaging module is used to monitor the surface temperature of the rock mass and identify localized temperature anomalies (hot spots). The typical temperature range is 0°C to 80°C, with hot spots typically exceeding ambient temperatures by 3°C to 10°C. The infrared imaging equipment should have a resolution of 640 x 480 pixels to detect temperature differences as small as 0.1°C. The optimal distance between the infrared thermal imaging lens and the rock surface is 3 to 5 meters, which can be adjusted according to the tunnel excavation depth.

[0060] Step 4: Dynamic adjustment of microwave transmission parameters Dynamic feedback adjustment: Based on temperature data from the infrared thermal imaging equipment, areas with significant temperature increases, i.e., high-stress areas, are identified. The transmission frequency, pulse width, and power of the microwave transmitter are automatically or manually adjusted to concentrate microwave energy more effectively in these high-stress areas, further relieving stress.

[0061] 3. Precise stress release and continuous monitoring Step 5: Precise treatment of high-stress areas Identify high-stress areas: Based on real-time temperature monitoring data, identify and focus on high-stress areas requiring special attention. At this point, the transmitting antenna or waveguide of the microwave transmitting equipment will be adjusted to concentrate microwave energy onto these areas.

[0062] The system automatically compares temperature distribution in thermal imaging images to identify stress concentration areas. It continuously monitors the rock surface temperature, generating detailed temperature distribution maps and recording the temperature change trends of hotspots before and after stress release. By integrating microwave reflection and absorption characteristic analysis results with infrared thermal imaging data, it prioritizes areas with high microwave absorptivity and rising temperatures as key areas for stress concentration treatment. Precise microwave emission: For the identified high-stress areas, microwave emission parameters (such as frequency, power, and pulse width) are adjusted for directional and precise microwave emission. Temperature changes in these areas are continuously monitored to ensure sufficient stress release.

[0063] Step 6: Continuous dynamic observation and adjustment Dynamic Adjustment: During precise stress relief, infrared thermal imaging equipment is continuously used to monitor temperature changes. If new high-stress areas are detected or the temperature in existing areas continues to rise significantly, the equipment will automatically or manually adjust the frequency and power of microwave emission to ensure optimal stress relief results.

[0064] Initial scanning and heating are performed using the low-to-mid frequency band (0.3 GHz - 20 GHz) to release surface stress. The frequency is gradually increased to 30 GHz - 300 GHz to penetrate deeper into stress concentration areas within the rock mass. Based on temperature changes from infrared thermal imaging feedback and microwave signal reflection, the microwave transmission power, frequency, and angle are dynamically adjusted to ensure comprehensive coverage and precise processing of high-stress areas.

[0065] The system continuously monitors the temperature changes of the hot spot area using infrared thermal imaging, and judges the stress release effect by combining the changes in the reflection and absorption rates of the microwave signal. Judgment criteria: (1) The temperature shown in the image drops back to the ambient temperature range (±2°C); (2) The microwave reflection signal recovers to ±5% of the initial value. When the temperature of the hot spot area and the microwave reflection signal simultaneously meet the above conditions, the system judges that the stress in the high-stress area has been completely released, and the equipment can stop the heating process.

[0066] 4. End operation and data recording Step 7: Operation Completion and Data Summary End of scan: After the stress relief operation is completed, use an infrared thermal imaging device to perform a full scan of the tunnel working face and record the final temperature distribution.

[0067] Data Analysis: By comparing initial and final temperature data, the overall stress release effect is evaluated. Temperature change graphs and stress release reports are automatically generated to provide a reference for subsequent construction and tunnel stability assessments.

[0068] Step 8: Data archiving and equipment removal Data archiving: All monitoring data (including temperature change data, microwave emission parameters, etc.) will be classified and archived. This data will be used for analysis and research in subsequent engineering projects.

[0069] Equipment withdrawal: Shut down the equipment and remove the device from the tunnel working face to prepare for the excavation and stress relief work of the next construction section.

[0070] 5. Data collection and application after equipment operation Step 9: Data Reporting and Application Data report generation: After the equipment finishes working, it automatically generates a complete stress release report based on the collected temperature change data and microwave emission parameters, including the distribution of hot spots and the effect evaluation of stress release.

[0071] Data Application: This data can be used to guide stress release in subsequent tunnel excavation sections, optimize construction plans, reduce the risk of rockbursts, and improve the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction.

[0072] The above is a specific implementation plan for a tunnel rock mass stress release and monitoring device based on pulsed microwave and infrared thermal imaging technologies. Through optimization of the operating procedures, the device can accurately and effectively release high-stress areas during tunnel construction, ensuring construction safety and providing crucial data support for the project. These procedures not only ensure operational accuracy and safety but also enable the device to adapt to complex tunnel construction environments, demonstrating its broad application potential in modern engineering.

[0073] During a tunnel excavation project in a mountainous area, engineers discovered multiple rockbursts during tunnel excavation, which seriously threatened the safety of construction workers and affected the construction progress. To address this issue, the construction team decided to use the tunnel rock mass stress release and monitoring device based on pulsed microwave and infrared thermal imaging technology, as described in this invention, to prevent and control rockbursts.

[0074] Step 1: Equipment Preparation After the tunnel was excavated to a certain section, the construction team moved the equipment into the tunnel. The equipment's pulse microwave emitting device and infrared thermal imaging device were mounted on a flexible platform to ensure easy operation within the narrow tunnel. After the equipment was started, it first performed a self-check to confirm that all functions were normal.

[0075] Step Two: Wide-Area Microwave Transmission and Preliminary Monitoring After the device was activated, the engineers first selected the wide-area microwave transmission mode to preliminarily heat the exposed rock mass of the tunnel using microwaves at a lower frequency. At the same time, the infrared thermal imaging equipment began to monitor the temperature changes on the rock surface in real time and record the initial temperature distribution.

[0076] Under the influence of wide-area microwaves, the temperature of the rock surface gradually increases, and infrared thermal imaging equipment detects a significant increase in temperature in certain areas of the tunnel. These areas are identified as high-stress concentration zones.

[0077] Step 3: Precise Microwave Control and Stress Release Based on temperature data provided by infrared thermal imaging equipment, engineers identified high-stress areas and adjusted the frequency and pulse parameters of microwaves through the device's control system, selecting higher-frequency microwaves for targeted and precise microwave emission to these high-stress areas.

[0078] During microwave emission, infrared thermal imaging equipment continuously monitors temperature changes in these areas. As microwave energy is input, the temperature in high-stress areas gradually stabilizes, indicating that the stress in these areas has been effectively released.

[0079] Step 4: Continuous dynamic observation and data recording Throughout the stress release process, the infrared thermal imaging equipment continuously and dynamically monitors the temperature changes on the rock surface. The device dynamically adjusts based on real-time data to ensure that stress in all high-stress areas is fully released.

[0080] After the stress relief operation was completed, infrared thermal imaging equipment performed a comprehensive scan of the rock surface and recorded the final temperature distribution. By comparing the initial and final temperature data, the engineers confirmed that the stress relief was effective.

[0081] Step 5: End and Data Archiving After the operation is completed, all temperature change data and operation logs are saved to the device's storage system. This data will be used in subsequent tunnel stability assessments to help engineers further optimize construction plans and ensure the long-term safety of the tunnel.

[0082] Effects and application value Through the application of this invention, rockburst phenomena during tunnel excavation have been effectively controlled, the safety of construction personnel has been ensured, and the construction progress has been smoothly advanced. The successful application of this device not only improves construction safety but also provides important reference experience for similar projects in the future.

[0083] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock stress positioning and releasing device combining pulse microwave and infrared detection, characterized in that: It includes a mobile platform, on which a main structure is arranged, and a control and data storage module, a display screen, an alarm, a control button and an infrared thermal imaging module are arranged on the outer top of the main structure. The infrared thermal imaging module is arranged at the front end of the outer top of the main structure, and a pulse microwave transmitting device is arranged in the main structure. The display screen, the alarm and the control button are connected to the control and data storage module through a data line, and the control and data storage module controls the infrared thermal imaging module and the pulse microwave transmitting device through a wired or wireless connection.

2. The rock mass stress positioning and releasing device combining pulse microwave and infrared detection as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The receiving surface of the infrared thermal imaging module and the transmitting end of the pulse microwave transmitting device are oriented in the same direction.

3. The rock mass stress positioning and releasing device combining pulse microwave and infrared detection as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The mobile platform is a rectangular structure with wheels arranged at the bottom.

4. The rock mass stress positioning and releasing device combining pulse microwave and infrared detection as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The pulse microwave transmitting device comprises an external wide-area microwave transmitting module and an internal precision microwave transmitting module; The wide-area microwave transmitting module is equipped with a ring-shaped transmitting disk connected by six balance bars, and the transmitting disk can swing forward and backward in the up and down and left and right directions to adjust the angle; a circle of small cylindrical microwave transmitters is designed in front of the transmitting disk, and the angle is consistent with the direction of the transmitting disk; The precise microwave emission modules are some compact small cylinders installed at the center of the wide-area microwave emission module.

5. The rock mass stress positioning and releasing device combining pulse microwave and infrared detection as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The back side of the main structure is evenly distributed with heat sinks.

6. The monitoring method of the rock mass stress positioning and releasing device combining pulse microwave and infrared detection as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Equipment configuration: After tunnel excavation, install pulse microwave emission equipment and infrared thermal imaging equipment; Step 2: Preliminary microwave emission: Use wide-area microwave emission mode to preliminarily heat the rock mass exposed in the tunnel, and select lower frequency microwaves in the frequency range of 0.3 GHz to 3 GHz to ensure that the microwaves can effectively penetrate the interior of the rock mass and release the initial stress on the rock surface; Step 3: Infrared thermal imaging monitoring: Before microwave emission, use infrared thermal imaging equipment to record the initial temperature distribution of the rock surface as baseline data; During the wide-area microwave transmission process, the temperature changes on the rock surface are monitored in real time, with a focus on areas where the temperature rises significantly, which are usually high stress concentration areas in the rock mass; Step 4: Precise microwave control: Based on the data from infrared thermal imaging monitoring, target the high stress concentration area where the temperature rises significantly; For these areas, the frequency and pulse parameters of the microwaves are adjusted, higher frequency microwaves are selected, and the frequency range is 30GHz to 300GHz. The local energy input of the microwaves is increased through the pulse modulation strategy to achieve a deeper stress release effect. Subsequently, the microwave equipment focuses on the high stress areas, conducts directional and precise microwave emission, and continuously monitors the temperature changes in these areas to ensure that the stress is fully released. Step 5: Continuous dynamic observation: During the microwave emission process, infrared thermal imaging technology is continuously used to observe the temperature changes on the rock surface; if new high-stress areas are found or the temperature of existing areas is still rising significantly, the frequency and power of microwave emission are adjusted in time to ensure the best stress release effect; Step 6: End and data recording: After the stress release operation is completed, use infrared thermal imaging equipment to comprehensively scan the rock surface again and record the final temperature distribution; evaluate the overall stress release effect by comparing the initial and final temperature data; finally, archive the monitoring data of temperature changes for use in subsequent tunnel stability assessments.

7. The monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 2, the initial power range of the wide-area microwave emission is 0.5 kW - 10 kW.

8. The monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 3, the microwave absorption rate of the high stress concentration area is usually 20%-50% higher than that of the normal area.

9. The monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 3, an infrared thermal imaging module is used to monitor the surface temperature of the rock mass to identify local temperature anomaly areas, namely hot spots. The typical temperature range is 0°C to 80°C, and the temperature of the hot spot area is usually 3°C to 10°C higher than the ambient temperature. The optimal distance between the infrared thermal imaging lens and the rock mass surface is 3 to 5 meters.

10. The monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 5, the temperature change of the hot spot area is continuously monitored by infrared thermal imaging, and the stress release effect is judged in combination with the reflection and absorption rate changes of the microwave signal. The judgment criteria are: (1) the image shows that the temperature drops to ±2°C of the ambient temperature range; (2) the microwave reflection signal recovers to ±5% of the initial value; when the temperature of the hot spot area and the microwave reflection signal meet the above conditions at the same time, the system determines that the stress in the high stress area has been completely released, and the equipment stops the heating process.

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