Extremely low temperature limit uniaxial stress adjusting device
By designing precision sliding table components and power transmission systems in extremely low temperature environments, combined with stepper motor and capacitance detection, the problem of insufficient stress control accuracy and range in the existing technology at extremely low temperatures is solved, and high-precision and large-scale stress are achieved Adjustment ensures the accuracy of experimental results and the stability of the device.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411485357.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-17
AI Technical Summary
The existing stress control devices are difficult to ensure accuracy and stability in extremely low temperature environments. The performance of traditional devices is degraded and the stress adjustment range of piezoelectric material technology is narrow, making it difficult to meet the experimental needs of large stress and large deformation.
A very low temperature extreme single-axis stress adjustment device is designed, including a sliding table assembly, a power assembly and a transmission assembly. The high-level is achieved through a precision-designed sliding table body, stepper motor, coupling, capacitance detection assembly and thermal resistance ring. Accuracy, wide range of stress adjustment, and the stability of the device at extremely low temperatures and sample protection is ensured through a dual-rail structure and soft low-temperature layer.
It realizes high-precision and high-stability stress adjustment in extremely low temperature environments, broadens the application range of the device, ensures the accuracy and reliability of experimental results, and ensures the efficient operation of the equipment through contactless detection and anti-low temperature materials.
Smart Images
Figure CN119321971A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of material testing equipment, and in particular is an extremely low temperature limit uniaxial stress regulating device. Background Art
[0002] In the in-depth exploration of condensed matter physics and materials science, the study of the mechanical behavior of materials under low temperature environments occupies a pivotal position. This type of research not only deepens our understanding of the basic physical properties of materials, but also lays a solid theoretical foundation and technical path for the design and development of high-performance materials. However, existing stress control devices generally face significant challenges and limitations when dealing with extremely low temperature conditions, which seriously restricts the further advancement of research in related fields.
[0003] Traditional stress devices, such as tensile machines, compressors, and hydraulic systems, can cover a wide range of stresses by virtue of their mechanical structure (screws, levers, etc.) or fluid pressure (liquid, gas), but their accuracy and stability are often difficult to guarantee when operating in extremely low temperature environments. Changes in material properties, thermal expansion and contraction effects, and solidification of lubricants in low temperature environments may all lead to a decline in device performance, thereby affecting the accuracy and reliability of experimental results.
[0004] On the other hand, the stress regulation technology of piezoelectric materials, with its high precision and fast dynamic response, makes up for the shortcomings of traditional devices to a certain extent. However, this technology also exposes obvious shortcomings in practical applications: its stress regulation range is relatively narrow, which is difficult to meet the experimental requirements of large stress and large deformation; at the same time, high stress regulation often requires the application of higher voltage, which not only increases the complexity and cost of the power supply system, but may also cause additional safety issues in extremely low temperature environments.
[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the existing technologies in low-temperature stress regulation, there is an urgent need for a new type of ultra-low temperature extreme uniaxial stress adjustment device to overcome the accuracy and stability problems of traditional devices in low-temperature environments and to make up for the limitations of piezoelectric material technology in the stress adjustment range. Summary of the invention
[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an extremely low temperature extreme uniaxial stress adjustment device, which can achieve stress adjustment with high precision, high stability and a larger adjustment range in an extremely low temperature environment.
[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
[0008] A very low temperature extreme uniaxial stress adjustment device comprises a slide assembly, a power assembly and a transmission assembly; the slide assembly comprises a slide base; a linear guide is arranged on the slide base; a protrusion is arranged at one end of the linear guide; a slide body is slidably matched on the linear guide; a clamping assembly for fixing a sample and a detection assembly for detecting a displacement change between the slide body and the protrusion are arranged on the protrusion and the slide body; the slide body is connected to the transmission assembly; the power assembly is used to provide power; and the transmission assembly is used to transmit power to the slide body and drive the slide body to move linearly.
[0009] The above scheme has the following beneficial effects:
[0010] 1. This solution places the sample between the slide body and the protrusion, fixes the sample with a clamping assembly, generates power through a power assembly, and transmits the power to the slide body through a transmission assembly, driving the slide body to move linearly along the slide rail; and then performs compression or tension tests on the sample. The detection assembly detects the tiny displacement changes of the sample under stress conditions, thereby measuring the strain of the sample.
[0011] Compared with the existing technology, the device can achieve high-precision stress adjustment in an extremely low temperature environment through the precision-designed slide assembly, power assembly and transmission assembly. This high precision comes from the precise control of the movement of the slide body and the sensitive detection of the tiny displacement changes of the sample, thus ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results.
[0012] 2. In this scheme, through the rationally designed power components and transmission components, the device can achieve a wide range of stress adjustment for the sample. This means that it can not only perform small compression or tension experiments, but also cope with experimental scenarios that require large stress changes, broadening the application range of the device.
[0013] Furthermore, the power assembly includes a stepper motor and a coupling; the output shaft of the stepper motor is axially fixedly connected to the coupling.
[0014] Beneficial effects: With its high-precision step angle and high-resolution characteristics, the stepper motor can achieve precise control of the output shaft position. This accuracy is particularly important in the stress adjustment device because it is directly related to the accuracy and stability of the stress on the sample. When the output shaft of the stepper motor is axially fixedly connected to the coupling, the coupling can reliably transmit the rotational motion of the stepper motor to the slide assembly, thereby ensuring that the slide body moves linearly according to the predetermined step length and speed, achieving high-precision stress adjustment.
[0015] Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes a core shaft; one end of the core shaft is fixedly connected to the coupling, and the other end of the core shaft is embedded in the slide base; a sliding guide column is also provided in the sliding base; the sliding guide column is coaxially fixedly connected to the core shaft; a threaded screw is coaxially fixed to one end of the sliding guide column; the threaded screw is threadedly matched with a nut seat; a connecting piece is provided on the nut seat away from the core shaft to fix the nut seat to the slide body.
[0016] Beneficial effect: The coaxial fixed connection of the core shaft, the sliding guide column and the threaded screw ensures the high precision of the entire transmission chain, thereby achieving precise control of the movement of the slide body.
[0017] The threaded screw and the thread of the nut seat cooperate to provide a stable transmission ratio and transmission efficiency, so that the slide body can move according to a predetermined speed and displacement.
[0018] Furthermore, the clamping assembly includes a set of fixed plates and a set of movable plates; the fixed plates are arranged on the surface of the protrusion, and the fixed plates are detachably connected to the protrusion; the movable plates are arranged on the surface of the slide body, and the movable plates are detachably connected to the slide body.
[0019] Beneficial Effects: By making both the fixed plate and the movable plate detachable, the flexibility and adjustability of the entire clamping assembly are greatly increased. This design allows the user to quickly replace or adjust the clamping plate according to different test requirements and sample sizes, improving the adaptability and efficiency of the equipment.
[0020] Furthermore, the detection component includes at least one pair of capacitor plates; the capacitor plates are respectively arranged on the sides of the protrusion and the slide body facing each other; the capacitor plates are electrically connected to a capacitor meter for measuring the capacitance value between the capacitor plates.
[0021] Beneficial effects: The capacitive detection component indirectly reflects the displacement change between the slide body and the protrusion by measuring the capacitance value between the capacitor plates, realizing a non-contact measurement method. This method avoids the measurement error or damage that may be caused by the low temperature environment of the traditional contact sensor. At the same time, it has the characteristics of high precision and high sensitivity, and can capture tiny displacement changes. In the stress adjustment device, this high-precision measurement is crucial for accurately evaluating the strain characteristics of the sample. By accurately measuring the change in capacitance value through the capacitive meter, accurate monitoring and analysis of sample strain can be achieved.
[0022] Furthermore, a plurality of heat-resistant rings are arranged on the core shaft.
[0023] Beneficial effects: During the experiment, there are often complex heat exchange phenomena in the cavity of the comprehensive physical property testing system and other testing systems, such as heat convection and heat radiation. The heat-resistant ring can reduce the heat convection and heat radiation intensity in the cavity of the comprehensive physical property testing system and other testing systems, so that the sample position can be cooled more quickly, while ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of the experiment.
[0024] Furthermore, a thermometer for collecting the temperature near the sample is also arranged on the linear guide rail.
[0025] Beneficial effect: By arranging a thermometer on the linear guide rail, the actual temperature of the sample can be accurately obtained, thereby ensuring the accuracy of temperature control during the experiment.
[0026] Furthermore, the linear guide rail adopts a double guide rail structure.
[0027] Beneficial effects: The dual-guide rail structure has a significant advantage in stability over the single guide rail. The two parallel guide rails jointly support and guide the slide body, which can significantly reduce the unsteady movement of the slide body caused by deviation or wear of the single guide rail. This stability is essential for high-precision stress adjustment in extremely low temperature environments, and can ensure the accuracy and reliability of experimental results.
[0028] Furthermore, the inner surfaces of the fixed plate and the movable plate are both provided with a soft low-temperature layer.
[0029] Beneficial effects: The soft low-temperature layer can effectively buffer the direct contact between the fixed plate and the movable plate and the test sample, preventing the sample from being locally damaged under high stress. During extreme stress testing, the sample surface may be subjected to greater pressure and friction, and the soft material can absorb and disperse these forces, reducing direct impact and wear on the sample surface, thereby protecting the integrity and performance of the sample.
[0030] Insulation is an important consideration under specific test conditions. The soft cryogenic layer has good insulation properties, which can isolate the electrical conduction between the sample and the clamping plate, preventing sample damage or test errors caused by current passing through. This is especially important for experiments that require precise control of current or voltage, ensuring the accuracy and safety of the test.
[0031] Furthermore, the stepper motor, the core shaft, the sliding guide column, the linear guide rail, the slide base, the slide body, the fixed plate and the movable plate are all made of low-temperature resistant and high-strength materials.
[0032] Beneficial effects: Under extreme low temperature conditions, low temperature resistant high strength materials can maintain their original high strength and mechanical properties, avoiding material embrittlement or performance degradation caused by temperature reduction. This ensures that the equipment can still maintain efficient force transmission and motion accuracy in extremely low temperature environments, thereby meeting high-precision and high-demand testing needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of an extremely low temperature limit uniaxial stress adjustment device of the present invention.
[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power component structure.
[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the slide assembly structure.
[0036] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of part of the structure of the slide assembly.
[0037] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the slide assembly.
[0038] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. stepper motor; 2. transmission assembly; 3. slide assembly; 4. coupling; 5. core shaft; 6. sliding guide column; 601. threaded screw; 602. nut seat; 603. connecting rod; 7. linear guide; 701. protrusion; 8. slide body; 9. fixed plate; 10. movable plate; 11. capacitor plate; 12. heat-resistant ring; 13. slide base; 14. sample; 15. thermometer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.
[0040] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “vertical”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside” and “outside” etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
[0041] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it should be noted that the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or it can be the internal connection between two components. It can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0042] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:
[0043] The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached Figure 1-Figure 5As shown: an extremely low temperature extreme uniaxial stress adjustment device, including a slide assembly 3, a power assembly and a transmission assembly 2.
[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment, the power assembly includes a stepper motor 1 and a coupling 4. The stepper motor 1 is the core power driving source of the entire device. The stepper motor 1 is a high-torque, low-speed and highly adaptable model with high-resolution rotation control capability. The motor can provide an output torque of up to hundreds of Nm, enabling the device to apply a large uniaxial stress. The output shaft of the stepper motor 1 is axially bolted and fixed to the high-precision, fatigue-resistant coupling 4.
[0045] The slide assembly 3 includes a slide base 13, as shown in the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the overall shape of the slide base 13 is cylindrical, and a chamber is opened inside it, and the chamber runs through its side; a linear guide rail 7 is arranged on the slide base 13, and in this embodiment, the linear guide rail 7 adopts a double guide rail structure; as shown in the attached Figure 4 As shown, a protrusion 701 is provided at one end of the linear guide 7, and the protrusion 701 is integrally formed with the end (i.e., the left end in the figure) of the linear guide 7; a slide body 8 is slidably matched on the linear guide 7; a clamping component for fixing the sample 14 and a detection component for detecting the displacement change between the slide body 8 and the protrusion 701 are provided on the protrusion 701 and the slide body 8;
[0046] Specifically, the clamping assembly includes a set of fixed plates 9 and a set of movable plates 10; the fixed plates 9 are arranged on the surface of the protrusion 701, and the fixed plates 9 and the protrusion 701 are fixedly connected by high-strength bolts; the movable plates 10 are arranged on the surface of the slide body 8, and the movable plates 10 and the slide body 8 are connected by bolts. In this embodiment, the inner surfaces of the fixed plates 9 and the movable plates 10 are both bonded and fixed with a soft low-temperature layer, and in this embodiment, the soft low-temperature layer is made of natural rubber (NR).
[0047] The detection assembly includes at least one pair of capacitor plates 11 ; the capacitor plates 11 are respectively bonded and fixed to the protrusion 701 and the opposite side of the slide body 8 ; the capacitor plates 11 are electrically connected to a capacitor meter for measuring the capacitance value between the capacitor plates 11 .
[0048] The slide body 8 is connected to the transmission assembly 2, and the transmission assembly 2 is used to transmit power to the slide body 8 and drive the slide body 8 to move linearly.
[0049] Specifically, combined with Figure 3 , Attachment Figure 4 And attached Figure 5As shown, the transmission assembly 2 includes a core shaft 5; one end of the core shaft 5 is key-connected with the coupling 4, and the other end of the core shaft 5 is embedded in the slide base 13 and rotates with the slide base 13; a sliding guide column 6 is also provided in the slide base 13, and specifically, in this embodiment, the sliding guide column 6 is composed of a sliding sleeve and a guide column, wherein the sliding sleeve and the guide column are slidably matched, and the sliding sleeve is welded and fixed to the inside of the slide base 13; the sliding guide column (specifically the guide column part) is coaxially welded and fixed to the core shaft 5; a threaded screw 601 is coaxially welded and fixed to one end of the sliding guide column 6; the threaded screw 601 is threadedly matched with a nut seat 602, as shown in the attached Figure 3 , Attachment Figure 4 And attached Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the nut seat 602 is cylindrical as a whole; the end of the nut seat 602 away from the core shaft 5 is provided with a connecting piece for fixing the nut seat 602 to the slide body 8, as shown in the attached Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the connecting member includes a connecting rod 603 and a connecting plate. The connecting rod passes through the connecting plate and is embedded in the slide body 8 and is welded and fixed to the slide body 8.
[0050] In this embodiment, as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of heat-resistant rings 12 are arranged on the core shaft 5. In this embodiment, the core shaft includes the core shaft itself and an outer cylinder arranged outside the core shaft. The two ends of the outer cylinder are respectively welded and fixed to the flange of the coupling and the base of the slide. The outer cylinder rotates with the core shaft, and the heat-resistant rings are respectively welded and fixed to the outer cylinder.
[0051] In order to accurately obtain the actual temperature of the sample 14 , a thermometer 15 for collecting the temperature near the sample 14 is also provided on the linear guide rail 7 .
[0052] In this embodiment, all key components involved in force transmission and movement (such as stepper motor 1, mandrel 5, sliding guide column 6, guide rail, slide base 13, fixed plate 9 and movable plate 10) are made of low temperature resistant high strength materials. These materials can still maintain high strength and stability under low temperature conditions, prevent material brittleness or mechanical property degradation caused by temperature reduction, and ensure that no failure occurs when extreme stress is applied.
[0053] The specific implementation process is as follows:
[0054] 1. Fixation of Sample 14
[0055] Preparation stage: Select appropriate epoxy resin glue as a fixing agent and prepare a splint with reinforcement design.
[0056] Fixing the sample 14: One end of the sample 14 to be tested is clamped between the fixed plates 9, and the other end is clamped between the movable plates 10. The sample 14 to be tested is fixed with epoxy resin glue to ensure that the sample 14 does not slide or move during the experiment.
[0057] 2. Stress Application
[0058] Motor control: High-precision, high-torque stepper motor 1 is controlled by an external computer program.
[0059] Precise rotation: The motor rotates precisely according to the preset experimental program, and transmits the rotational force to the sliding guide column 6 through the core shaft 5.
[0060] Driving the movable plate 10: The sliding guide column 6 drives the threaded screw 601 to rotate, the rotation of the threaded screw 601 drives the nut seat 602 to move, and the nut seat 602 drives the connecting piece and the movable plate 10 to move along the linear guide rail 7, thereby applying tensile or compressive stress to the sample 14.
[0061] Stress adjustment: By adjusting the rotation direction and angle of the stepper motor 1, gradually increasing stress is applied to the sample 14 until the yield limit or fracture strength of the material is reached.
[0062] 3. Strain Measurement
[0063] Displacement recording: The rotation angle of the stepper motor 1 is recorded in real time through an external computer program, and the displacement of the movable plate 10 is calculated through the transmission ratio relationship.
[0064] Strain data: The strain data of sample 14 is obtained based on the displacement.
[0065] Capacitive sensor monitoring: At the same time, the capacitance value of the capacitor plate 11 between the fixed end (protrusion 701) and the movable end (slide body 8) is measured by a high-precision capacitance meter to monitor the small displacement changes of the slide body 8 in real time to further verify the accuracy of the strain data.
[0066] This solution can not only continuously apply stress or compression to the sample 14, but is also specially designed for low-temperature environments. All key components are specially selected and processed with special materials to ensure their normal operation under extreme low-temperature conditions.
[0067] By setting up multiple heat-resistant rings 12, the heat convection and heat radiation in the cavity of the comprehensive physical property testing system (a new type of comprehensive physical property measurement instrument based on an extremely low temperature and strong magnetic field control platform that integrates multiple physical property measurement technologies such as electricity, magnetism, and thermal properties, the same below) or other low-temperature constant temperature systems can be effectively reduced, so that the sample 14 position can be cooled more quickly.
[0068] The slide base 13 can be precisely matched with the internal interface of the cavity of the test system such as the comprehensive physical property test system, thereby optimizing the heat conduction efficiency and ensuring that the temperature at the position of the sample 14 can be more effectively reduced. This design helps to enhance the cooling effect of the sample 14 and make the experimental conditions more stable and accurate.
[0069] In summary, this scheme can be widely used in mechanical property testing of materials under low temperature environment, such as low temperature tensile test of metal materials, low temperature fracture test of polymer materials, fatigue test under low temperature, and the change of electrical and magnetic properties of sample 14 with stress, etc. In these experiments, this device can provide a stable, continuously controllable uniaxial stress loading environment, and through high-precision strain measurement means, it helps researchers accurately evaluate the mechanical properties of materials under low temperature conditions.
[0070] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and / or characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.
Claims
1. A very low temperature limit uniaxial stress regulating device, comprising a slide assembly (3), a power assembly and a transmission assembly (2), wherein the power assembly is used to provide power; and the transmission assembly (2) is used to transmit the power to the slide assembly (3), characterized in that: The slide assembly (3) comprises a slide base (13); a linear guide rail (7) is arranged on the slide base (13); a protrusion (701) is arranged at one end of the linear guide rail (7); a slide body (8) is slidably matched on the linear guide rail (7); a clamping assembly for fixing a sample (14) and a detection assembly for detecting a displacement change between the slide body (8) and the protrusion (701) are arranged on the protrusion (701) and the slide body (8); the slide body (8) is connected to the transmission assembly (2).
2. The extremely low temperature limit uniaxial stress adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power assembly comprises a stepper motor (1) and a coupling (4); the output shaft of the stepper motor (1) is axially fixedly connected to the coupling (4).
3. The extremely low temperature limit uniaxial stress adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission assembly (2) comprises a core shaft (5); one end of the core shaft (5) is fixedly connected to the coupling (4), and the other end of the core shaft (4) is embedded in the slide base (13); a sliding guide post (6) is also arranged in the slide base (13); the sliding guide post (6) is coaxially fixedly connected to the core shaft (5); a threaded screw (601) is coaxially fixed to one end of the sliding guide post (6); the threaded screw (601) is threadedly matched with a nut seat (602); and a connecting piece for fixing the nut seat (602) to the slide body (8) is arranged at one end of the nut seat (602) away from the core shaft (5).
4. The extremely low temperature limit uniaxial stress adjustment device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The clamping assembly comprises a set of fixed plates (9) and a set of movable plates (10); the fixed plates (9) are arranged on the surface of the protrusion (701), and the fixed plates (9) and the protrusion (701) are detachably connected; the movable plates (10) are arranged on the surface of the slide body (8), and the movable plates (10) and the slide body (8) are detachably connected.
5. The extremely low temperature limit uniaxial stress adjustment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The detection component comprises at least one pair of capacitor plates (11); the capacitor plates (11) are respectively arranged on the protrusion (701) and the side of the slide body (8) facing each other; the capacitor plates (11) are electrically connected to a capacitor meter for measuring the capacitance value between the capacitor plates (11).
6. The extremely low temperature limit uniaxial stress adjustment device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The core shaft (5) is provided with a plurality of heat-resistance rings (12).
7. The extremely low temperature limit uniaxial stress adjustment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A thermometer (15) for collecting the temperature near the sample (14) is also arranged on the linear guide rail (7).
8. The extremely low temperature limit uniaxial stress adjustment device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The linear guide rail (7) adopts a double guide rail structure.
9. The extremely low temperature limit uniaxial stress adjustment device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inner surfaces of the fixed plate (9) and the movable plate (10) are both provided with a soft low-temperature layer.
10. The extremely low temperature limit uniaxial stress adjustment device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The stepper motor (1), the core shaft (5), the sliding guide column (6), the linear guide rail (7), the slide base (13), the slide body (8), the fixed plate (9) and the movable plate (10) are all made of low-temperature resistant high-strength materials.