Method and device for monitoring sodium ion battery for locomotive

Abstract

The invention provides a monitoring method and device for a sodium ion battery for a locomotive, and belongs to the technical field of locomotives and vehicles. The monitoring method comprises the following steps: acquiring operation parameters of the sodium ion battery pack in real time; judging the health state of the sodium ion battery pack according to the operation parameters; and sending out an early warning instruction and / or a cut-off instruction according to the health state. According to the monitoring method of the sodium ion battery for the locomotive, the overall performance and reliability of a battery system are remarkably improved. Firstly, according to the monitoring method, key operation parameters, such as voltage and temperature, of the battery are tracked in real time, so that quick response can be ensured when any abnormality occurs, and the use safety of the battery is remarkably improved; and secondly, the battery is prevented from working under extreme conditions, so that the service life of the battery is effectively prolonged, the replacement frequency is reduced, and the long-term operation cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of locomotive vehicles, and in particular to a monitoring method and device for a sodium ion battery for a locomotive. Background Art

[0002] Batteries are an important part of the locomotive electrical system and a key factor in ensuring the safe and stable operation of the locomotive.

[0003] At present, the most widely used lead-acid battery on railway locomotives is composed of lead and sulfuric acid, with low cost, mature technology, simple maintenance and high reliability. However, the energy density of lead-acid batteries is low, and there are still many problems in the use process: first, lead-acid batteries have high requirements for ambient temperature, and the optimal operating temperature is 15-25℃, and they may not be able to start in severe cold environments; second, lead-acid batteries have a short lifespan, and the cycle life of existing lead-acid batteries is only 300-500 times; finally, lead-acid batteries require maintenance by personnel, and daily maintenance work is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also has certain safety risks.

[0004] In recent years, with the development of lithium battery technology, lithium batteries have gradually been used in railway locomotives. Lithium batteries are composed of lithium ions and organic solvents. They have the advantages of high energy density, low self-discharge rate, and no memory effect. However, lithium batteries are relatively expensive and care must be taken to prevent overcharging and over-discharging.

[0005] In view of this, the inventor, based on many years of experience in production design in this field and related fields, has designed a monitoring method and device for sodium ion batteries for locomotives after repeated experiments, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a monitoring method and device for sodium ion batteries for locomotives, which can effectively, safely and efficiently provide continuous power supply for railway locomotives.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides a monitoring method for a sodium ion battery for a locomotive, wherein the monitoring method comprises:

[0008] Real-time collection of operating parameters of sodium-ion battery packs;

[0009] Determining the health status of the sodium ion battery pack according to the operating parameters;

[0010] A warning indication and / or a cut-off indication is issued according to the health status.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics and advantages:

[0012] The present invention proposes a monitoring method and device for sodium-ion batteries for locomotives, which significantly improves the overall performance and reliability of the battery system. First, the monitoring method ensures a rapid response when any abnormality occurs by real-time tracking of key operating parameters of the battery, such as voltage and temperature, thereby significantly improving the safety of battery use. Second, by preventing the battery from operating under extreme conditions, the battery life is effectively extended, the replacement frequency is reduced, and the long-term operating cost is reduced.

[0013] The second effect of the present invention is that the intelligent monitoring system can optimize the charging and discharging strategy according to the real-time status of the battery, improve the efficiency of energy use, reduce energy loss, and further enhance the performance of the battery. The predictive maintenance function allows timely repair or replacement of the battery before failure, reducing unexpected downtime and maintenance costs, while improving the stability and reliability of the system.

[0014] The third effect of the present invention is that the integrated monitoring method also provides data support for the battery management system, making battery management more intelligent and automated, and improving the user experience. Finally, as an environmentally friendly battery, the effective monitoring and management of sodium ion batteries helps promote the application of green energy technology, meets the requirements of sustainable development, and provides an efficient and environmentally friendly energy solution for railway locomotives. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings described herein are only for explanation purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. In addition, the shapes and proportional dimensions of the various components in the figures are only schematic, used to help understand the present invention, and are not specifically limited to the shapes and proportional dimensions of the various components of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can select various possible shapes and proportional dimensions to implement the present invention according to the teachings of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 1 is an electrical schematic diagram of the sodium ion battery system for locomotives of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 A flowchart for powering up the sodium ion battery system for locomotives in the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a connection diagram of the main control module and the voltage acquisition module in the battery information collector of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage conditioning principle in the voltage acquisition module of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the temperature acquisition module in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6Schematic diagram of the CAN communication module in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the 485 communication module in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The details of the present invention can be more clearly understood with reference to the accompanying drawings and the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are only used for the purpose of explaining the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention in any way. Under the guidance of the present invention, technicians can conceive of any possible variations based on the present invention, which should all be considered to belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0024] The present invention proposes a monitoring method for a sodium ion battery for a locomotive, such as Figure 1 As shown, the monitoring method includes: real-time collection of operating parameters of the sodium ion battery pack; judging the health status of the sodium ion battery pack according to the operating parameters; and issuing a warning indication and / or a cut-off indication according to the health status.

[0025] The monitoring method for sodium-ion batteries for locomotives proposed in the present invention significantly improves the overall performance and reliability of the battery system. First, the monitoring method ensures a rapid response when any abnormality occurs by real-time tracking of the battery's operating parameters, such as voltage and temperature, thereby significantly improving the safety of battery use. Second, by preventing the battery from operating under extreme conditions, the battery's service life is effectively extended, the replacement frequency is reduced, and the long-term operating cost is reduced.

[0026] In an optional example, the operating parameters are collected by a battery information collector disposed in a sodium-ion battery pack.

[0027] Specifically, the battery information collector includes a main control module and collection modules (sensors) arranged at different positions of the battery pack. The network is realized, and each collection module sensor accurately measures the battery parameters at its corresponding position and sends them to the main control module battery information collector through appropriate signal conversion and transmission mechanisms. The main control module of the battery information collector further processes and summarizes these parameters to provide comprehensive and real-time battery status data for the battery manager (BMS). These data are not only used for current battery status monitoring, but also can serve as an important basis for battery health status assessment and predictive maintenance. First, comprehensive monitoring of the key parameters of the battery pack enables the battery management system to grasp the working status of the battery in real time, detect abnormal conditions in time and take corresponding measures, thereby significantly improving the safety of the battery system. Secondly, by monitoring the total voltage of the battery pack, the voltage of a single cell and the temperature of the module, the battery balance control can be effectively realized to avoid battery performance degradation or damage caused by excessive voltage or temperature differences. In addition, these detailed battery information provides data support for battery health management and status assessment, which helps to realize predictive maintenance of the battery, reduce unexpected downtime and extend the service life of the battery.

[0028] Preferably, the voltage acquisition module is a SN74HC138D chip. The SN74HC138D chip uses a high-speed CMOS circuit, and the pins are compatible with the low-power Schottky TTL (LSTTL) series. Please refer to Table 1 for the SN74HC138D pin definition and Table 2 for the SN74HC138D function. The SN74HC138 chip is a 3 to 8 decoder and demultiplexer. Three input pins, A, B, and C, select which output is active. The selected output is pulled low, while the rest of the outputs are high. The condition of the binary selection input of the three enable inputs selects one of the eight output lines.

[0029]

[0030] Table 1 SN74HC138D pin definition

[0031]

[0032] Table 2 SN74HC138D functions

[0033] For specific work, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 , a control signal is sent out through the main control module, and the SN74HC138D chip is driven according to the requirements of the pre-made program in the main control module to control the output of that pin. The solid-state relay - MOS switch is turned on according to the output pin, and the channel selected to be turned on is adjusted by the ADS1115 operational amplifier to stabilize the data. Through 16-bit resolution calculation and compensation set by the program, a value with extremely small error can be obtained.

[0034] Preferably, the temperature acquisition module includes an LMV358 chip, a 74HC4051D chip and a thermistor. Figure 5 As shown:

[0035] The LMV358 chip includes two independent, high-gain, internal frequency-compensated dual operational amplifiers, mainly to obtain a more stable and smooth signal. For the corresponding pins and functions, please refer to the following table 3LMV358 pin definition.

[0036]

[0037] Table 3LMV358 pin definition

[0038] The 74HC4051D chip is a single-pole eight-throw analog switch (SP8T) suitable for use in analog or digital 8:1 multiplexer / demultiplexer applications. For the corresponding pins and functions, please refer to Table 4 74HC4051D pin definition and Table 5 74HC4051D function. The switch has three digital selection inputs (S0, S1 and S2), eight independent inputs / outputs (Yn), one common input / output (Z) and one digital enable input (E). When E is high, the switch is closed. The input includes a box-type diode. This enables the use of a current limiting resistor when the interface input voltage exceeds Vcc.

[0039] Symbol Pin Description E 6 enable input(active LOW) <![CDATA[V EE ]]> 7 supply voltage GND 8 ground supply voltage S0, S1, S2 11，10，9 select input Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7 13，14，15，12，1，5，2，4 independent input or output Z 3 common output or input <![CDATA[V CC ]]> 16 supply voltage

[0040] Table 4 74HC4051D pin definition

[0041]

[0042] Table 5 74HC4051D functions

[0043] According to the principle of resistor voltage division, a 5V reference voltage is added to the thermistor and the fixed resistor, and the analog signal of the thermistor changing with temperature can be obtained at the acquisition point, and the CD4051 analog switch is controlled to select the channel to transmit data to the main control module. The main control module is prefabricated with an array of RT values ​​of the thermistor written in advance, and a relatively accurate temperature value can be obtained through the 12-bit resolution of the ADC channel. In an optional example, the battery information collector also includes a current sensor, which is connected in series between the battery pack and the charger. The battery sensor detects the charging current or discharge current of the battery pack.

[0044] Furthermore, a Hall sensor is also provided in the battery information collector, so that Hall self-check can be realized through the battery information collector.

[0045] Hall self-test is usually performed when the battery pack is powered on. For the specific power-on process, please refer to Figure 2 After power-on, each part starts to initialize. After power-on is successful, LEDs flash, and then the board initializes its own pins. The board's working tasks are set through the written program and start working. By driving the chips of each module, it starts to collect analog data such as the voltage and temperature of the battery cell and transmits it to various parts of the main chip. After the algorithm calculates the voltage and temperature values ​​with relatively small errors, the main control chip starts polling threads and calls various functions.

[0046] In an optional example, a battery manager (BMS) receives operating parameters collected by a battery information collector and determines the health status of the sodium-ion battery pack based on the operating parameters.

[0047] For an alternative example, see Figure 6 , Figure 7 The battery management system (BMS) and the battery information collector are connected via a CAN transceiver module or an RS-485 communication module. The main feature of the CAN transceiver module is that it improves its data transmission performance.

[0048] Specifically, the CAN transceiver module includes at least a MAX485 chip, an integrated circuit, and an isolator. The MAX485 chip is a low-power transceiver for RS-485 communication. The integrated circuit includes a driver and a receiver. The isolator is an ADuM chip, which is a four-channel digital isolator based on iCoupler technology. It combines high-speed CMOS and monolithic air-core transformer technology to provide excellent performance that is superior to alternatives such as optocoupler devices. In this embodiment, the CAN transceiver module avoids the use of LEDs and photodiodes, and eliminates the design difficulties commonly associated with optocouplers through iCoupler devices. The simple iCoupler digital interface and stable performance characteristics eliminate common problems of optocouplers, such as uncertain current transfer ratios, nonlinear transfer functions, and temperature and life effects. At the same time, iCoupler devices do not require external drivers and other discrete components. The isolator of this embodiment is different from other optocoupler alternatives and ensures DC correctness under conditions without input logic conversion and power-on / power-off.

[0049] In an optional example, the battery manager also has a storage module to store the collected operating parameters. At the same time, the battery manager can also be electrically connected to the railway system to upload the operating parameters to the railway system to cooperate with the railway data management system to achieve intelligent management; by analyzing the operating parameters, the battery health status can also be predicted in advance.

[0050] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the health state is judged by comparing the operating parameters and the alarm threshold. When the operating parameters are less than the alarm threshold, the health state is judged to be normal operation; when the operating parameters are greater than the alarm threshold, the health state is judged to be a fault state. The health state of the battery is evaluated by comparing the operating parameters with the preset alarm threshold. The operating parameters of the battery, such as voltage, current, temperature, etc., are monitored in real time and compared with the set alarm thresholds. These alarm thresholds are predetermined according to the battery design and safety standards to identify the safety and stability boundaries of the battery operation. When the monitored operating parameter value is lower than the alarm threshold, the system will judge that the battery is in a normal operating state and continue to monitor to ensure continued safety. On the contrary, if the operating parameter value exceeds the alarm threshold, the battery is judged to be in a fault state and the corresponding protection measures are immediately initiated to prevent potential damage or danger. Through real-time monitoring and comparison, any abnormal changes in the battery state can be responded to quickly, thereby greatly improving the safety and reliability of battery use. This health state judgment method also helps to extend the service life of the battery because it allows preventive measures to be taken before the battery performance drops to a level that may affect the safety of the system.

[0051] In an optional example of this implementation, whether to send a cut-off indication is determined by comparing the operating parameters and the cut-off threshold. When the operating parameters are greater than the cut-off threshold, the cut-off indication is sent. In the present invention, the battery manager (BMS) monitors the operating parameters of the equipment, such as temperature, pressure, etc., and compares them with the preset cut-off threshold in real time. Furthermore, an automated judgment logic can be preset in the battery manager (BMS). Once it is detected that the operating parameters exceed the alarm threshold (or cut-off threshold), the cut-off indication is automatically triggered to ensure the safety of the equipment. Through timely cut-off indication, equipment damage or safety accidents caused by abnormal parameters are effectively avoided, ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0052] In an optional example, when the operating parameter is greater than the cut-off threshold, a secondary alarm indication and a cut-off indication are issued at the same time; when the operating parameter is less than the cut-off threshold and greater than the alarm threshold, a primary alarm indication is issued. Specifically, the battery manager (BMS) implements hierarchical response by setting alarm thresholds and cut-off thresholds. When the monitored operating parameter exceeds the cut-off threshold, the battery manager (BMS) automatically issues a secondary alarm and immediately sends a cut-off indication to perform an emergency shutdown operation. If the operating parameter is between the alarm threshold and the cut-off threshold, a primary alarm indication is issued, indicating that attention should be paid and preventive measures should be taken. This design ensures that the battery manager (BMS) can make corresponding safety responses according to the severity of the parameter abnormality. The battery manager (BMS) effectively improves the safety and stability of equipment operation through precise hierarchical alarms. In an emergency, the power supply is quickly cut off to prevent the accident from expanding; an alarm is issued when there is a potential risk, giving the operator enough reaction time.

[0053] In an optional example, when the operating parameter is less than the alarm threshold (or cut-off threshold) for 1S (second), a first-level alarm indication (or a second-level alarm indication) is issued, and the first-level alarm indication (or a second-level alarm indication) is delayed by 3S (seconds).

[0054] Furthermore, the charging or discharging of the sodium-ion battery pack is cut off according to the cut-off indication. The battery manager (BMS) of the present invention is designed with an automatic cut-off mechanism for real-time monitoring and judging the safety status during the charging or discharging process of the battery pack. Once an abnormal situation is identified, such as when the battery parameters exceed the preset safety threshold, a cut-off indication will be automatically issued. The cut-off mechanism significantly improves the safety and reliability of the battery system. It can respond quickly in emergency situations, avoid overcharging or over-discharging, and reduce safety risks.

[0055] In an optional example, a relay is provided between the sodium-ion battery pack and the power supply circuit (and the charging circuit), and the relay is electrically connected to the battery manager. When the relay receives a cut-off instruction sent by the battery manager, the relay is disconnected to stop the sodium-ion battery pack from being powered off (or on).

[0056] Specifically, when the operating parameters drop to less than or equal to the alarm threshold, the charging or discharging of the sodium-ion battery pack is resumed. The battery manager (BMS) of the present invention is designed with an intelligent monitoring function. When the operating parameters of the battery pack drop below the safety alarm threshold, it will automatically determine the battery status and issue a recovery command, allowing the battery pack to safely restart the charging or discharging process. This mechanism ensures the efficient operation of the battery pack within the safety parameter range and reduces downtime caused by abnormal conditions.

[0057] In an optional example, the relay is a charge and discharge relay, through which the sodium ion battery pack can be connected to the power supply circuit and the charging circuit respectively, and the connection and isolation of the sodium ion battery with the power supply circuit and the charging circuit can be controlled respectively.

[0058] Furthermore, the operating parameters include at least the total voltage of the sodium-ion battery pack, the temperature of the sodium-ion battery pack, and the single cell voltage of each sodium-ion battery cell in the sodium-ion battery pack. The battery manager (BMS) evaluates the operating status of the sodium-ion battery pack by monitoring the total voltage, temperature, and single cell voltage of the sodium-ion battery pack. The sensor collects these key parameters in real time and sends the data to the central processing unit for status analysis and safety checks. This monitoring mechanism ensures the safety and performance stability of the battery pack, and detects potential problems in a timely manner through real-time monitoring.

[0059] In an optional example, the sodium-ion battery pack is composed of 30 sodium-ion battery modules connected in series, each of which contains 24 3V10Ah sodium-ion battery cells. The alarm threshold corresponding to the total voltage of the sodium-ion battery pack is 115V, the alarm threshold corresponding to the temperature of the sodium-ion battery pack is 60°C, and the alarm threshold corresponding to the single cell voltage of the sodium-ion battery cell is 3780mV. The sodium-ion battery pack is designed to be composed of 30 battery modules connected in series, and each module integrates 24 3V10Ah sodium-ion batteries. This structural design allows the total voltage of the battery pack to reach a predetermined value while maintaining the balance between the batteries and the consistency of the overall performance. In order to ensure that the battery pack operates in a safe and efficient state, specific alarm thresholds are set for the total voltage, temperature, and single cell voltage. Specifically, when the total voltage of the battery pack drops to 115V, the internal temperature exceeds 60°C, or the voltage of any battery cell is lower than 3780mV, the system will identify these parameters as alarm states and take corresponding control measures. By setting clear warning thresholds, the battery management system can promptly identify potential abnormal conditions and take preventive measures to avoid problems such as over-discharge and overheating, thus protecting the battery from damage.

[0060] Preferably, the cut-off threshold corresponding to the total voltage of the sodium-ion battery pack is 118V, the cut-off threshold corresponding to the temperature of the sodium-ion battery pack is 70°C, and the warning threshold corresponding to the single cell voltage of the sodium-ion battery cell is 3950mV. The sodium-ion battery pack sets a total voltage of 118V, a temperature of 70°C, and a single cell voltage of 3950mV as the cut-off threshold. The battery management system will monitor these parameters in real time. Once the threshold is exceeded, the system will automatically cut off the charging and discharging of the battery pack to ensure safety. This design effectively prevents battery overcharging and overheating, and improves the safety and reliability of the battery system.

[0061] Furthermore, the operating parameters also include steady-state charging overcurrent, and the corresponding cut-off threshold for steady-state charging overcurrent is 100A. The battery management system monitors the steady-state charging overcurrent and sets 100A as the cut-off threshold. Once the overcurrent occurs, the charging is automatically cut off to prevent battery damage. This design ensures the safety of the battery during the charging process, and the battery pack can issue an alarm in time when the safety limit is exceeded, reducing the risk of damage caused by overcurrent.

[0062] In another optional example, the sodium-ion battery pack is composed of 20 sodium-ion battery modules connected in series, each of which contains 40 3V10Ah sodium-ion battery cells. The alarm threshold corresponding to the total voltage of the sodium-ion battery pack is 75.6V, the alarm threshold corresponding to the temperature of the sodium-ion battery pack is 60°C, and the alarm threshold corresponding to the single cell voltage of the sodium-ion battery cell is 3780mV. The sodium-ion battery pack is formed by connecting 20 modules in series, each of which contains 40 3V10Ah sodium-ion batteries, to build a battery system with a specific voltage. To ensure the safe operation of the battery pack, the system sets a total voltage of 75.6V, a temperature of 60°C, and a single cell voltage of 3780mV as alarm thresholds. The battery management system will continuously monitor these parameters to ensure that the battery pack operates within a safe range. By setting specific alarm thresholds, the battery pack of the present invention can issue timely alarms when the voltage, temperature or single cell voltage approaches the safety limit, thereby effectively preventing the battery from overcharging, over-discharging or overheating. This not only helps to protect the battery from damage and extend its service life, but also ensures the stability and performance of the battery pack in various application scenarios.

[0063] Preferably, the cut-off threshold corresponding to the total voltage of the sodium-ion battery pack is 79V, the cut-off threshold corresponding to the temperature of the sodium-ion battery pack is 70°C, and the warning threshold corresponding to the single cell voltage of the sodium-ion battery cell is 3950mV. The sodium-ion battery pack sets strict cut-off thresholds to ensure battery safety, including a total voltage of 79V, a temperature of 70°C, and a single cell voltage of 3950mV. The battery management system uses these parameters as limits for safe operation. Once any parameter reaches or exceeds its corresponding cut-off threshold, the system will automatically interrupt the charge and discharge process of the battery pack to prevent damage to the battery. By timely cutting off the charging and discharging of the battery under overvoltage and overheating conditions, battery performance degradation and potential safety risks are effectively avoided.

[0064] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the health state is judged by comparing the operating parameters and the alarm threshold. When the operating parameters are greater than the alarm threshold, the health state is judged to be normal operation; when the operating parameters are less than the alarm threshold, the health state is judged to be a fault state. The battery manager (BMS) monitors the operating parameters of the battery pack in real time and compares them with the alarm threshold. If the parameters exceed the threshold, the system considers that the battery is operating normally; if they are lower than the threshold, it is judged to be a fault state. The battery manager (BMS) continuously monitors the key operating parameters of the battery pack, including voltage, temperature, etc., and compares these parameters with the preset alarm threshold. When the monitored operating parameter value is higher than the alarm threshold, the system automatically determines that the battery is in a normal operating state; conversely, if the operating parameter value is lower than the alarm threshold, the battery is judged to be in a fault state and the corresponding alarm program is started. The operating parameters of the battery pack, including voltage, temperature, etc., are continuously monitored by the battery manager (BMS), and these parameters are compared with the preset alarm threshold. When the monitored operating parameter value is higher than the alarm threshold, the system automatically determines that the battery is in normal operation; conversely, if the operating parameter value is lower than the alarm threshold, the system determines that the battery is in a fault state and starts the corresponding warning program. Through real-time monitoring and accurate judgment of the battery health status, the system improves the ability to timely identify abnormal battery conditions, prevents potential failures and safety risks, reduces unexpected downtime, extends the battery life, and ensures stable operation of the battery pack in various application scenarios.

[0065] In an optional example of this implementation, the operation parameters and the cut-off threshold are compared to determine whether to send a cut-off indication. When the operation parameters are less than the cut-off threshold, a secondary alarm indication and a cut-off indication are issued at the same time; when the operation parameters are less than the alarm threshold and greater than the cut-off threshold, a primary alarm indication is issued. The battery manager (BMS) decides on the operation by comparing the real-time operation parameters with the preset threshold. If the parameter is lower than the cut-off threshold, a secondary alarm will be issued and the power will be automatically cut off to protect the battery; if the parameter is between the alarm threshold and the cut-off threshold, only a primary alarm will be issued. This mechanism can respond quickly to changes in battery status and effectively prevent battery damage through timely alarms and cut-off operations. At the same time, the hierarchical alarm strategy balances battery efficiency and safety protection.

[0066] In an optional example, the operating parameters include at least the total voltage of the sodium-ion battery pack and the single cell voltage of each sodium-ion battery cell in the sodium-ion battery pack. The sodium-ion battery pack is composed of 30 sodium-ion battery modules connected in series, and each sodium-ion battery module contains 24 3V10Ah sodium-ion battery cells. The alarm threshold corresponding to the total voltage of the sodium-ion battery pack is 60V, the cut-off threshold corresponding to the total voltage of the sodium-ion battery pack is 45V, the alarm threshold corresponding to the single cell voltage of the sodium-ion battery cell is 2000mV, and the cut-off threshold corresponding to the single cell voltage of the sodium-ion battery cell is 1500mV. The sodium-ion battery pack is composed of 30 modules connected in series, and each module contains 24 3V10Ah sodium-ion batteries. The battery management system monitors the total voltage of the battery pack and the single cell voltage of each battery cell in real time, and sets the alarm threshold of the total voltage to 60V and the cut-off threshold to 45V; the alarm threshold of the single cell voltage is 2000mV and the cut-off threshold is 1500mV. When the monitored parameter is lower than the alarm threshold, the system will issue an alarm; if the parameter further drops below the cut-off threshold, the system will automatically cut off the charging and discharging process of the battery pack to prevent battery performance degradation or safety accidents. This solution achieves real-time monitoring and intelligent control of the status of the sodium-ion battery pack through precisely set alarm and cut-off thresholds. This not only improves the safety of battery pack use, effectively avoids over-discharge and overcharging, but also extends the service life of the battery.

[0067] In an optional example, when the operating parameter rises to a value greater than or equal to the alarm threshold, the charging or discharging of the sodium-ion battery pack is resumed. The battery management system is designed with an intelligent recovery mechanism. When the monitored operating parameters, such as the total voltage of the battery pack or the voltage of a single cell, decrease due to a previous fault or abnormal situation and trigger an alarm, the system does not immediately stop the charging or discharging operation. On the contrary, when these parameters are naturally restored to equal to or exceed the preset alarm threshold after processing or a period of time, it will automatically determine that the battery pack has re-entered a safe operating state and restore its charging or discharging process accordingly. The battery manager (BMS) of the present invention has an intelligent recovery function. When the operating parameters such as the total voltage of the battery pack or the voltage of a single cell decrease due to a fault or abnormal situation and trigger an alarm, the system will not immediately interrupt the charging and discharging operation. These parameters are continuously monitored. Once they are restored to or above the preset alarm threshold, the battery pack is deemed to have returned to a safe state, and the charging and discharging process of the battery pack will be automatically restored at this time. This intelligent recovery mechanism improves the responsiveness of the battery manager (BMS) and the utilization efficiency of the battery pack. It allows the battery pack to automatically resume normal operation after experiencing a brief abnormality within the safety threshold, reducing unnecessary downtime due to misjudgment and extending the battery's working time.

[0068] In the present invention, for the comparison between the operating parameters and the alarm threshold (or cut-off threshold), the operating parameters can be compared with only the highest alarm threshold (or cut-off threshold) that can be achieved, so that the sodium-ion battery can operate normally only when the operating parameters are lower than the alarm threshold (or cut-off threshold); the operating parameters can be compared with only the lowest alarm threshold (or cut-off threshold) that can be achieved, so that the sodium-ion battery can operate normally only when the operating parameters are higher than the alarm threshold (or cut-off threshold); the operating parameters can also be compared with both the highest alarm threshold (or cut-off threshold) that can be achieved and the lowest alarm threshold (or cut-off threshold) that can be achieved, so that the sodium-ion battery can operate normally only when the operating parameters are between the highest alarm threshold (or cut-off threshold) and the lowest alarm threshold (or cut-off threshold).

[0069] The present invention also proposes a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for monitoring sodium-ion batteries for locomotives. The sodium-ion battery monitoring method is implemented by a computer program, which is stored in a battery management system and executed by a processor. The program contains a series of instructions and algorithms to achieve real-time monitoring of sodium-ion batteries for locomotives. The program is capable of receiving sensor data from the battery pack, including total voltage, single cell voltage, temperature and other parameters, and then analyzing and judging according to preset logic and thresholds. Based on these analyses, the program controls the charging and discharging process of the battery, and issues an alarm or cut-off signal when necessary to ensure the safe operation of the battery.

[0070] The present invention also proposes a computer device, including a memory and a processor, on which a computer program that can be run on the processor is stored, wherein the processor implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for monitoring sodium-ion batteries for locomotives when executing the computer program. The computer device is part of a battery management system and consists of a memory and a processor. A specially designed computer program is stored in the memory, which contains instructions and algorithms required to implement the method for monitoring sodium-ion batteries for locomotives. When the processor loads and executes these programs, it will automatically perform real-time monitoring of the battery pack, including but not limited to the collection and analysis of parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature, and intelligently control the charging and discharging process of the battery based on the analysis results to ensure that the battery operates in a safe and efficient state. Now, in conjunction with the embodiments, the specific implementation process of the method and device for monitoring sodium-ion batteries for locomotives proposed in the present invention is described in detail.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] In this embodiment, a sodium-ion battery pack is used to power a diesel locomotive. The sodium-ion battery pack is composed of 20 sodium-ion battery modules connected in series, and each sodium-ion battery module contains 40 3V10Ah sodium-ion battery cells. The sodium-ion battery pack has a charging port for connecting to a charging circuit and a discharge port connected to a power supply circuit. Relays are also provided at the charging port and the discharge port, respectively. A battery information collector is provided in the sodium-ion battery pack, and the battery information collector and the relay are electrically connected to the battery manager, respectively. The battery manager continuously judges the health status of the sodium-ion battery pack through the battery information collector and issues relevant warnings. For specific health status judgment strategies, please refer to Table 6.

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Table 6

[0076] Example 2

[0077] In this embodiment, a sodium ion battery pack is used to power an electric locomotive. The sodium ion battery pack is composed of 30 sodium ion battery modules connected in series. Each of the sodium ion battery modules contains 24 3V10Ah sodium ion battery cells. The sodium ion battery pack has a charging port for connecting to a charging circuit and a discharge port connected to a power supply circuit. Relays are also provided at the charging port and the discharge port, respectively. A battery information collector is provided in the sodium ion battery pack. The battery information collector and the relay are electrically connected to the battery manager, respectively. The battery manager continuously judges the health status of the sodium ion battery pack through the battery information collector and issues relevant warnings. For specific health status judgment strategies, please refer to Table 7.

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] Table 7

[0081] The detailed explanation of the above-mentioned embodiments is only intended to explain the present invention so as to facilitate a better understanding of the present invention. However, these descriptions cannot be interpreted as limitations on the present invention for any reason. In particular, the various features described in different embodiments may also be arbitrarily combined with each other to form other embodiments. Unless there is a clear description to the contrary, these features should be understood to be applicable to any embodiment and are not limited to the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A monitoring method for a sodium ion battery for a locomotive, characterized in that: The monitoring method comprises: Real-time collection of operating parameters of sodium-ion battery packs; Determining the health status of the sodium ion battery pack according to the operating parameters; A warning indication and / or a cut-off indication is issued according to the health status.

2. The method for monitoring a sodium ion battery for a locomotive according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determine the health state by comparing the operating parameter and the alarm threshold, and when the operating parameter is less than the alarm threshold, determine that the health state is normal operation; When the operating parameter is greater than the alarm threshold, the health state is determined to be a fault state.

3. The monitoring method for a sodium ion battery for a locomotive as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Whether to send a cut-off indication is determined by comparing the operating parameter with a cut-off threshold, and when the operating parameter is greater than the cut-off threshold, the cut-off indication is sent.

4. The method for monitoring a sodium ion battery for a locomotive as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: When the operating parameter is greater than the cut-off threshold, a level 2 alarm indication and a cut-off indication are issued simultaneously; when the operating parameter is less than the cut-off threshold and greater than the alarm threshold, a level 1 alarm indication is issued.

5. The method for monitoring a sodium ion battery for a locomotive as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The charging or discharging of the sodium ion battery pack is cut off according to the cut-off instruction.

6. The method for monitoring a sodium ion battery for a locomotive as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: When the operating parameter decreases to less than or equal to the alarm threshold, the charging or discharging of the sodium ion battery pack is resumed.

7. The method for monitoring a sodium ion battery for a locomotive according to claim 4, characterized in that: The operating parameters include at least the total voltage of the sodium ion battery pack, the temperature of the sodium ion battery pack, and the single cell voltage of each sodium ion cell in the sodium ion battery pack.

8. The method for monitoring a sodium ion battery for a locomotive according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sodium-ion battery pack is composed of 30 sodium-ion battery modules connected in series, each of which contains 24 3V10Ah sodium-ion battery cells. The alarm threshold corresponding to the total voltage of the sodium-ion battery pack is 115V, the alarm threshold corresponding to the temperature of the sodium-ion battery pack is 60°C, and the alarm threshold corresponding to the single cell voltage of the sodium-ion battery cell is 3780mV.

9. The method for monitoring a sodium ion battery for a locomotive according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cut-off threshold corresponding to the total voltage of the sodium-ion battery pack is 118V, the cut-off threshold corresponding to the temperature of the sodium-ion battery pack is 70°C, and the warning threshold corresponding to the single cell voltage of the sodium-ion battery cell is 3950mV.

10. The method for monitoring a sodium ion battery for a locomotive according to claim 9, characterized in that: The operating parameters also include a steady-state charging overcurrent, and a cut-off threshold corresponding to the steady-state charging overcurrent is 100A.

11. The method for monitoring a sodium ion battery for a locomotive according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sodium-ion battery pack is composed of 20 sodium-ion battery modules connected in series, each of which contains 40 3V10Ah sodium-ion battery cells. The alarm threshold corresponding to the total voltage of the sodium-ion battery pack is 75.6V, the alarm threshold corresponding to the temperature of the sodium-ion battery pack is 60°C, and the alarm threshold corresponding to the single cell voltage of the sodium-ion battery cell is 3780mV.

12. The method for monitoring a sodium ion battery for a locomotive according to claim 11, characterized in that: The cut-off threshold corresponding to the total voltage of the sodium-ion battery pack is 79V, the cut-off threshold corresponding to the temperature of the sodium-ion battery pack is 70°C, and the warning threshold corresponding to the single cell voltage of the sodium-ion battery cell is 3950mV.

13. The method for monitoring a sodium ion battery for a locomotive according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determine the health state by comparing the operating parameter and the alarm threshold, and when the operating parameter is greater than the alarm threshold, determine that the health state is normal operation; When the operating parameter is less than the alarm threshold, the health state is determined to be a fault state.

14. The method for monitoring a sodium ion battery for a locomotive according to claim 13, characterized in that: By comparing the operating parameter and the cut-off threshold, it is determined whether to send a cut-off indication. When the operating parameter is less than the cut-off threshold, a level 2 alarm indication and a cut-off indication are issued simultaneously; when the operating parameter is less than the alarm threshold and greater than the cut-off threshold, a level 1 alarm indication is issued.

15. The method for monitoring a sodium ion battery for a locomotive according to claim 14, characterized in that: The operating parameters include at least the total voltage of the sodium ion battery pack and the single cell voltage of each sodium ion battery cell in the sodium ion battery pack. The sodium ion battery pack is composed of 30 sodium ion battery modules connected in series, and each of the sodium ion battery modules contains 24 3V10Ah sodium ion battery cells. The alarm threshold corresponding to the total voltage of the sodium ion battery pack is 60V, and the cut-off threshold corresponding to the total voltage of the sodium ion battery pack is 45V. The alarm threshold corresponding to the single cell voltage of the sodium ion battery cell is 2000mV, and the cut-off threshold corresponding to the single cell voltage of the sodium ion battery cell is 1500mV.

16. The method for monitoring a sodium ion battery for a locomotive according to claim 14, characterized in that: When the operating parameter increases to a value greater than or equal to the alarm threshold, the charging or discharging of the sodium ion battery pack is resumed.

17. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 are implemented.

18. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program capable of running on the processor is stored in the memory, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 are implemented.

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