Device and method for collecting rainwater and directionally supplying soil moisture to root zone of orchard

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and forestry water and soil, and discloses a device and method for harvesting rainwater and directionally supplying soil moisture to root zones in an orchard. According to the method, a large opening well with the depth equal to the maximum depth of the root system of the adult fruit tree is adopted as a water collecting device, rainwater is retained and collected into the underground water collecting volume through film covering or partial hardening treatment, and then the rainwater extends to the bottom of the root system of the fruit tree through transverse drilling or excavation; the infiltration pipeline with downward leakage holes is inserted to directionally replenish soil moisture in root zones of economic crops such as fruit trees and the like, meanwhile, the leakage rate of the underground pipeline is controlled to control the replenishment intensity, intensive utilization of rainwater is achieved, the replenishment source of root system soil water is increased, and then the crop yield and quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of water and soil in agriculture and forestry, and in particular to a device and method for collecting rainwater in an orchard to replenish soil moisture in a root zone in a directional manner. Technical Background

[0002] The Loess Plateau has achieved the dual effects of ecological greening and farmer benefits through the construction of economic forests such as fruit trees. However, the current large-scale artificial vegetation coverage has caused excessive consumption of deep soil moisture in dryland orchards on the Loess Plateau, and the phenomenon of soil drying has gradually intensified, which has seriously restricted the efficiency of economic forests such as fruit trees, and further affected the construction of the ecological service function of the Loess Plateau by the state. The main source of water utilization for fruit trees is the shallow soil moisture content, which is replenished by rainfall, but it is difficult for precipitation to penetrate into the deeper soil. Therefore, when the deep soil in mature orchards is close to the withering humidity, it cannot participate in the water dissipation and replenishment in the middle and late stages of fruit tree growth, making it difficult to replenish the deep soil moisture that is permanently consumed. Therefore, the high-efficiency water utilization technology of dryland orchards with tunnel rainwater harvesting irrigation has been widely studied and applied, which has increased the rainfall interception on the surface of the orchard soil and significantly reduced the surface evaporation of the orchard. However, previous technologies did not take into account the infiltration barriers that are easily formed on the walls of the seepage pit during lateral infiltration, nor did they take into account the directional infiltration supply to the main root system. Therefore, this type of technical method needs to be further improved. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a device and method for collecting rainwater in an orchard to replenish soil moisture in the root zone, aiming to use the collected precipitation to directional infiltration to replenish soil moisture under the root system of fruit trees after rainfall. The device and method for collecting rainwater in an orchard to replenish soil moisture in the root zone of the orchard according to the present invention are implemented as follows:

[0004] (1) In the middle of multiple equally spaced fruit trees, a large well with a diameter of 1 meter and a depth equal to the maximum root depth of mature fruit trees is dug downward as a water collection device. The well is constructed in a cylindrical shape.

[0005] (2) Drill holes or dig horizontally from the side of the large well water collection container to the bottom of the fruit tree root system, insert an infiltration pipe with a downward leakage hole, and install the infiltration pipe at an angle of not less than 0 degrees with the horizontal plane. The terminal of the infiltration pipe should be sealed, and a filter screen should be added to the water inlet port. The drilling or excavation depth should not exceed the bottom of the large well and should not be less than the average soil penetration depth of local precipitation.

[0006] (3) The bottom of the large well is treated for seepage prevention, but the sides are not treated for seepage prevention after reinforcement, and the top opening is covered with a baffle when not collecting precipitation.

[0007] (4) Cover the orchard with film or partially harden it, and during the rainy season, drain the rainwater that falls to the ground into the constructed large well water collection device.

[0008] The laying density of the infiltration pipes further described is determined according to the local precipitation, and the precipitation is inversely proportional to the pipe density per cubic meter.

[0009] The size and distribution density of the leakage holes in the infiltration pipe are inversely proportional to the porosity of the soil in the area.

[0010] The infiltration pipeline material can be made of a hard plastic pipe, a rubber pipe, a stainless steel pipe or other pressure-resistant and deformation-resistant material.

[0011] The further described covering film can be a detachable hard plastic, which covers the fruit plants during the rainy season and collects rainwater into a large well water collection container by adjusting the slope; the hardening treatment can be a rammed-type water collection ditch or other water collection facilities to divert rainwater that falls to the surface into a large well water collection container.

[0012] The present invention is original and has significant innovative improvements over existing devices and methods. It is mainly based on changing the root soil infiltration supply after rainfall in the orchard, aims to reduce the ineffective evaporation of the surface soil, and aims to improve the efficient use of water resources, thereby constructing a water cycle system of "rainfall-infiltration-root soil moisture-plant-evaporation" in the orchard. Domestic and foreign literature and related inventions on the utilization of orchard precipitation are mostly focused on simple rainwater collection devices and infiltration systems, and there is little research on the organic combination of water collection wells and directional root infiltration technology. On the basis of collecting and storing rainwater, the present invention forms a directional water supply to the soil layer at the root of the fruit tree through the water infiltration pipeline, and increases the water content of the soil in the root zone. The directional test shows that: the stable soil water content of the deep soil can be increased by 10% at an interval depth of 0.5m, so that the soil water content at the root of the fruit tree is effectively stabilized at the maximum water holding capacity, and the soil water content of the deep dry soil layer can be increased to 34% of the relative maximum water holding capacity; secondly, the pipeline directional infiltration can increase the infiltration rate by 34.3% compared with the single well type lateral infiltration, and the infiltration range is effectively extended by the length of the infiltration pipeline. The present invention changes the natural precipitation infiltration process, and uses a device to make precipitation directly infiltrate and replenish the dry soil layer, and then enters the atmosphere for recirculation in the form of biological transpiration after being absorbed by the root system of the fruit tree. Compared with ordinary water collection dry wells, the present invention increases the replenishment depth and replenishment rate of rainwater to the air-filled zone, so that rainfall can be directly transported to the soil layer at the root of the fruit tree, improves the utilization efficiency of precipitation, and reduces the ineffective ground evaporation after precipitation occurs. The infiltration pipe on the side wall of the device of the present invention can increase the air permeability of the root soil while storing and transporting water, which is beneficial to the growth of root soil organisms, increases the biological activity pores of the layer of soil, and is more conducive to the deep transportation of water; during droughts without precipitation, the root water consumption area can also be replenished through air moisture, or water can be diverted to the water collection well, and introduced into the root soil through the lateral infiltration pipe through the water guide hole, thereby reducing water loss under traditional irrigation conditions and improving water utilization efficiency. The device of the present invention can also be used for the mixed transportation of water, fertilizer, and medicine. Fertilizers or medicines are mixed into water in the water collection well, and directional solution transportation to the root soil is formed through the infiltration pipe, thereby improving the use efficiency of fertilizers and pesticides in the root zone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the orchard rainwater collection and directional replenishment of root zone soil moisture provided by the present invention.

[0014] In the figure: 1. Manhole cover; 2. Covering or hardening; 3. Side of large well water collection container; 4. Infiltration pipe; 5. Filter screen; 6. Seepage eye. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to explain the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention in detail, the present invention is further described below in combination with specific implementations and accompanying drawings. It should be pointed out that several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the specific direction and fundamental core of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0017] As shown in the accompanying drawings, the device and method for collecting rainwater in an orchard and replenishing soil moisture in the root zone in a directional manner according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0018] (1) In the middle of multiple equally spaced fruit trees, a large well with a diameter of 1 meter and a depth equal to the maximum root depth of mature fruit trees is dug downward as a water collection device. The well is constructed in a cylindrical shape.

[0019] (2) Drill holes or dig horizontally from the side of the large well water collection container to the bottom of the fruit tree root system, insert an infiltration pipe with a downward leakage hole, and install the infiltration pipe at an angle of not less than 0 degrees with the horizontal plane. The terminal of the infiltration pipe should be sealed, and a filter screen should be added to the water inlet port. The drilling or excavation depth should not exceed the bottom of the large well and should not be less than the average soil penetration depth of local precipitation.

[0020] (3) The bottom of the large well is treated for seepage prevention, but the sides are not treated for seepage prevention after reinforcement, and the top opening is covered with a baffle when not collecting precipitation.

[0021] (4) Cover the orchard with film or partially harden it, and during the rainy season, drain the rainwater that falls to the ground into the constructed large well water collection device.

[0022] The well structure of (1) is cylindrical in order to increase the infiltration area of ​​rainwater in the well. At the same time, the cylinder has good stability and does not collapse significantly after being subjected to multi-directional forces.

[0023] As the core content of the present invention, the infiltration pipe 4 shown in the figure is horizontally drilled or excavated to extend to the bottom of the root system of the fruit tree in (2), and the infiltration pipe with a seepage hole downward is inserted; if excavation means is adopted, the original landform can be restored after the pipe is buried. The installation angle of the horizontally buried pipe is not less than 0 degrees with the horizontal plane, which can facilitate the free penetration of gravity. The specific angle can be determined according to the actual drilling or excavation angle. As shown in the figure, the terminal of the infiltration pipe 4 should be closed to prevent the soil from clogging the pipe after multiple water flow impacts. The water inlet port should be equipped with a filter screen 5 to prevent fallen leaves and other things from falling into the well and clogging the pipe with the water flow. The infiltration pipe can be made of pressure-resistant and deformation-resistant materials such as hard plastic pipes, rubber pipes, stainless steel pipes, but is not limited to the above materials. The material requirement to be achieved is that after burying, it will not be deformed under pressure to the point that the water flow cannot reach the seepage hole 6. The seepage holes 6 can be arranged according to the actual situation, and the aperture and density of the arrangement can be arranged by themselves, but the water outlet opening needs to be downward to prevent the mud from blocking the pipeline through the seepage holes under the action of gravity.

[0024] The (3) bottom of the large well is treated with anti-seepage treatment to prevent the collected water from leaking into the deep soil through the bottom. The side 3 of the large well water collection container is reinforced without anti-seepage treatment. The reinforcement method can be but not limited to brick masonry. The reinforcement principle is mainly to prevent the side from collapsing after lining. The top opening is covered with the manhole cover 1 during the non-collection period to prevent foreign objects from falling and maintain the normal operation of the orchard.

[0025] The (4) treatment of covering or hardening the orchard 2, covering the film can adopt fixed and mobile water collection methods, hardening can be but not limited to digging a water diversion ditch and then compacting the soil to achieve the water collection effect, using the above water collection method to drain the rainwater falling on the ground into the constructed large well water collection device during the rainfall period.

[0026] Working principle and advancement of the invention:

[0027] After collecting rainwater in a tunnel, the rainwater is transported to the soil at the roots of the fruit trees through pipes for gravity-directed irrigation, which greatly increases the amount of rainfall intercepted on the surface of the orchard soil and significantly reduces surface evaporation in the orchard. It effectively solves the problem of water barriers that are easily formed on the walls of ordinary seepage pits during lateral infiltration, which hinder the lateral flow of water due to the oversaturated state and cannot form directional infiltration replenishment for the main root system. As the core content of the present invention, the underground pipes in the device and method for collecting rainwater in an orchard and directional replenishment of soil moisture in the root zone can directional replenish the soil moisture in the root zone of economic crops such as fruit trees. At the same time, the replenishment intensity can also be controlled by controlling the leakage rate of the underground pipes, so as to achieve intensive utilization of rainwater, increase the source of replenishment of root soil water, and thus improve crop yield and quality.

[0028] The device and method of the present invention were implemented in the apple orchard of the Loess Plateau Grassland Agricultural Experiment Station in Shishe Township, Xifeng District, Qingyang City, Gansu Province in 2023. The spacing between the fruit trees in the orchard is 3 meters. In the middle of the 4 equally spaced fruit trees, a large well with a diameter of 1 meter and a depth of 1.5 meters, which is the same as the maximum depth of the fruit tree root system, is dug downward as a water collection device; the water collection well is covered with a manhole cover, and a 3-meter-long water collection and drainage trough from four directions leads to the large water collection well; at 1.5 meters, 1 meter, and 0.5 meters, with the water collection well as the radiation point, PVC pipes with a length of 1.8 meters and a diameter of 0.11 meters and 0.38 meters are buried as infiltration water pipes to the roots of the fruit trees, small holes are drilled at the corresponding positions of the pipes, and a filter is installed at the water inlet port of the pipe. The terminal is sealed, and it forms a device system for collecting rainwater and replenishing soil moisture in the root zone with the water collection well. After testing, the device and method can increase the effective water holding capacity of the 0.5-1.5 meter soil layer by 10%, and increase the soil penetration rate to the roots of fruit trees. The results show that the method of the present invention can effectively increase the water storage capacity of the root soil, increase the water conversion rate of the root soil of fruit trees, increase the water content of the soil drying layer, and help increase the yield of fruit trees.

[0029] The present invention is carried out in the plateau area of ​​the semi-humid and semi-arid transition zone in the middle of the Loess Plateau, and its conclusions can also be applied to the loess-covered area of ​​the same geological type. The present invention can be adapted to local conditions and make corresponding corrections to the depth of the water collection well, the layout position of the infiltration pipe and the parameters of the infiltration hole according to different fruit tree ages, root depths and ground slopes. According to existing research results, the present invention can effectively improve the resource utilization of rainwater, extend the migration process of limited regional water resources, and allow the directly evaporated water to enter the water cycle in the form of vegetation transpiration, increase the water consumption of fruit trees, and thus improve the economic benefits of the orchard. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not limited to the above-mentioned specific device implementation. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the substantive content of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Claims

1. A device and method for collecting rainwater in an orchard to replenish soil moisture in the root zone in a directional manner, wherein the device and method are characterized by: (1) In the middle of multiple equally spaced fruit trees, a large well with a diameter of 1 meter and a depth equal to the maximum root depth of mature fruit trees is dug downward as a water collection device. The well is constructed in a cylindrical shape; (2) Drill holes or dig holes horizontally from the side of the large well water collection container to the bottom of the fruit tree root system, insert an infiltration pipe with a downward leakage hole, the installation angle of the infiltration pipe should be no less than 0 degrees with the horizontal plane, the terminal of the infiltration pipe should be sealed, and a filter screen should be added to the water inlet port. The drilling or excavation depth should not exceed the bottom of the large well and should not be less than the average soil penetration depth of local precipitation; (3) The bottom of the large well is treated for seepage prevention, but the sides are not treated for seepage prevention after reinforcement, and the top opening is covered with a baffle during the period when precipitation is not collected; (4) Cover the orchard with film or partially harden it, and during the rainy season, drain the rainwater that falls to the ground into the constructed large well water collection device.

2. The device and method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sides of the large well water collection container are reinforced with masonry but not treated for anti-seepage, while the bottom is treated for anti-seepage.

3. The device and method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infiltration pipe is inserted after horizontal drilling or excavation extending to the bottom of the root system of the fruit tree. Its orientation, angle and density can be determined according to actual conditions. The terminal of the infiltration pipe is in a closed state, and a filter screen must be installed at the water inlet port. The infiltration pipe can be made of pressure-resistant and deformation-resistant materials such as hard plastic pipes, rubber pipes, and stainless steel pipes, but is not limited to the above materials. The material requirement is that after burial, it will not deform under pressure to the point where water cannot reach the seepage eye. The seepage eye can be arranged with its own aperture and density according to actual conditions, and the water outlet opening is downward.

4. The device and method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The covering can adopt fixed and mobile water collection methods, and the hardening can be but not limited to digging a water diversion channel and then compacting the soil to achieve the water collection effect.

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