Template and template manufacturing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a formwork and a formwork manufacturing method, and relates to the technical field of civil engineering, the formwork comprises a main plate body and first transverse ribs, the main plate body is formed through extrusion, a plurality of longitudinal ribs are arranged on the back face of the main plate body, the first transverse ribs are perpendicular to the longitudinal ribs and arranged at the two ends of the main plate body, and waisted rectangular grooves allowing the first transverse ribs to be installed in a penetrating mode are formed in the crossed positions of the longitudinal ribs and the transverse ribs. The manufacturing method comprises an extrusion step, a slotting step and an installation step. The method has the advantages that the template processing cost is low, and the bending strength is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an auxiliary tool for civil engineering construction, in particular to a template for concrete building pouring construction and a template manufacturing method. Background Art

[0002] The invention patent entitled "Formwork, Backbeam and Formwork Assembly" and having a publication number of CN102733594B discloses a formwork whose structural characteristics enable it to have the advantage of being easy to assemble during construction. At present, it is found that there are still some shortcomings. First, the templates are mostly manufactured by machining or casting, or the template processing cost is high, or templates of various specifications require multiple sets of corresponding casting molds, which leads to extremely high mold costs; second, when two templates are spliced ​​between two back ribs along their longitudinal direction, although they are supported by the longitudinal ribs of the template, the longitudinal bending strength of the template is greatly improved, but for the template at a lower position on the wall, it will bear greater concrete pressure than the template at a relatively high position. The longitudinal deflection of the template often increases, resulting in uneven wall forming. In addition, this also makes the joint gap between the two longitudinally connected templates significantly larger, causing the concrete slurry to enter the back rib from the enlarged joint gap, and then leak out of the wall, further causing the formed wall to have convex ribs, and the concrete agglomerated on the back rib increases the difficulty of cleaning the back rib, greatly affecting the turnover cycle of the template. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a template that is improved on the basis of the above-mentioned prior art;

[0004] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing such an improved template.

[0005] To achieve the above main purpose, the template provided by the present invention includes a main board body, the main board body is an extruded rectangular plate, the back of the rectangular plate is integrally extruded with two or more longitudinal ribs which are parallel to each other and have the same rectangular cross section, the distance between the center lines of two adjacent longitudinal ribs is an even multiple of the modulus M, wherein the distance from the center line of the longitudinal rib adjacent to the extruded edge to the extruded edge is one of the modulus M; and also includes a first transverse rib, the first transverse rib is an extruded elongated body, the cross section of the elongated body is a waisted rectangle, the circumscribed rectangle of the waisted rectangle is the same as the rectangle of the cross section of the longitudinal rib; the first transverse rib is closely attached to the back of the main board body, and is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal rib, and at the intersection with the longitudinal rib, the longitudinal rib is provided with a groove for the first transverse rib to penetrate, and the shape of the groove is the same as the waisted rectangle; there are two first transverse ribs, which are arranged adjacent to the two cutting edges of the main board body, and the distance from the center line of the first transverse rib to the adjacent cutting edge is one of the modulus M.

[0006] The modulus M can be appropriately selected according to the construction situation, for example, M = 25 mm; M = 30 mm or M = 50 mm, etc. The main board and the first transverse ribs constituting the template are manufactured by extrusion molding. Compared with the prior art, the processing cost is not only low, but also the production speed is fast. After the template with customized width is extruded, the customized length can be selected and cut according to the use requirements; because the cross-section of the first transverse rib and the groove have the same waisted rectangle, the first transverse rib can be firmly constrained relative to the longitudinal and vertical directions of the main board after being inserted into the groove. When the two templates of the present invention are spliced ​​along their longitudinal direction, that is, with the cutting edge between the two back ribs, the two first transverse ribs of each template will be respectively embedded in the grooves of the two back ribs, which plays a role in fixing the longitudinal end of the template, greatly improving the longitudinal flexural strength of the template.

[0007] A further solution is to further include a plurality of second transverse ribs, the second transverse ribs having the same cross section as the first transverse ribs; the second transverse ribs are close to the back of the main body, and are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal ribs. At the intersection with the longitudinal ribs, the longitudinal ribs are provided with the grooves for the second transverse ribs to pass through; there are a plurality of second transverse ribs, which are arranged between two of the first transverse ribs, and the distance between the center lines of two adjacent second transverse ribs is an even multiple of the module M. The advantage of this structural template is that it is relatively easy to construct. For example, when constructing a wall, the template can be erected vertically and spliced ​​horizontally side by side. In addition, it is particularly suitable for use in the molding of columns or beams in buildings.

[0008] A further solution is that the first transverse rib and the second transverse rib are inserted into the corresponding groove and fixed on the back surface. The advantage of this solution is that during the transportation of the template, the first transverse rib and the second transverse rib can be prevented from improperly moving forward and backward along the insertion direction in the groove and leaving the designated position or even falling off.

[0009] A further solution is that the waisted rectangle has upper and lower straight sides, and two side edges contain rectangular tooth segments or triangular tooth segments or curved segments.

[0010] A further solution is that the main body is made of a concrete-repellent polymer material. The advantage of this solution is that the concrete-repellent polymer material itself has the property of repelling concrete, and the template is easy to demould after use, reducing the workload of cleaning the front of the template.

[0011] Another further solution is that the main body is made of aluminum alloy or concrete-loving polymer material, and the front side of the main body is covered with a concrete-repelling polymer material layer. The advantage of this solution is that when the aluminum alloy or concrete-loving polymer material used has relatively high strength but poor concrete-repelling performance, the concrete-repelling polymer material layer formed on the front side of the template makes demoulding more convenient.

[0012] To achieve another object of the present invention, the present invention provides a template manufacturing method, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Extrusion step: using an extrusion molding machine to extrude and cut out the main board body, and using an extrusion molding machine to extrude and cut out the first transverse ribs;

[0014] Grooving step: machining the grooves for two of the first ribs to penetrate on the longitudinal ribs of the main body;

[0015] Installation step: insert the two first transverse ribs into the corresponding grooves.

[0016] It can be seen from the above scheme that the main body and the first transverse ribs constituting the template are both manufactured through an extrusion molding process, which not only has a low processing cost but also a high production speed compared to the prior art.

[0017] A further solution is that the extrusion step further includes extruding and cutting out a plurality of the aforementioned second transverse ribs;

[0018] The slotting step further includes machining the slots for the plurality of second transverse ribs to penetrate on the longitudinal ribs of the main body;

[0019] The installation step also includes inserting the second transverse ribs into the grooves accordingly.

[0020] A further solution is that when the template is made of aluminum alloy material or concrete-philic polymer material, it also includes a coating step: coating or spraying the front side of the extruded main body to form a layer of concrete-philic polymer material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional picture of the main body of the present invention just after being extruded and cut to the required length, but before the groove is processed;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the main board body of the first embodiment of the template of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 To reflect Figure 2 A magnified view of the local structure of the main board with the shape characteristics of the middle slot;

[0024] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional diagram of the first transverse rib and the second transverse rib;

[0025] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 The shape of the cross-sectional orthographic projection of the first transverse rib and the second transverse rib;

[0026] Figures 6 to 8 is the shape of the cross-sectional orthographic projection of the first transverse rib and the second transverse rib in other embodiments;

[0027] Fig. 9 It is a structural exploded view of the first transverse rib and the main plate body;

[0028] Fig.10 It is an assembly drawing of the first transverse rib and the main plate body;

[0029] Fig.11 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first embodiment of the template of the present invention;

[0030] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the first embodiment of the template of the present invention and the back rib installation cooperation;

[0031] Fig.13 yes Fig.12 Left view of

[0032] Fig.14 yes Fig.13 A-A section enlarged view;

[0033] Fig.15 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the main board structure of the second embodiment of the template of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.16 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the template of the present invention and the back rib installation cooperation;

[0035] Fig.17 yes Fig.16 Left view of

[0036] Fig.18 yes Fig.17 The enlarged B-B section view;

[0037] Fig.19 It is a front view of the third embodiment of the template of the present invention being installed with the back rib;

[0038] Fig. 20 yes Fig.19 Rear view of

[0039] Fig.21 yes Fig. 20 Left view of .

[0040] The following is a detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with various embodiments and the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] First embodiment of the template and the first embodiment of the manufacturing method thereof

[0042] The first embodiment of the template manufacturing method is described below, and the corresponding first embodiment of the template is described in the description of the first embodiment of its manufacturing method. In addition, since there are many structures of templates and back ribs in the prior art, those skilled in the art can refer to them in the process of implementing the present invention, especially the prior art CN102733594B mentioned above by the present invention. Therefore, the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the following description of the part of the present invention that contributes to the prior art, but should also refer to the prior art.

[0043] Extrusion steps:

[0044] The module M used in this example is 25 mm, and the aluminum alloy material is used. The extrusion port of the extrusion molding machine has an extrusion width of 350 mm, that is, the cutting edge 18 of the template is 350 mm long, so that a rectangular plate with a relatively long extrusion edge 17 can be extruded. Figure 1 It is a main plate body 1 which has not been slotted and is cut to a length of 1000 mm. The length of the cut edge 18 and the length of the extruded edge 17 of the rectangular plate are both even multiples of the modulus M. Five longitudinal ribs which are parallel to each other and have the same rectangular cross section are extruded integrally on the back of the rectangular plate, wherein: the distance between the center line of the longitudinal rib 11 and the center line of the adjacent longitudinal rib 12, and the distance between the center line of the longitudinal rib 14 and the center line of the longitudinal rib 15 are both 50 mm, the distance between the center line of the longitudinal rib 12 and the center line of the longitudinal rib 13, and the distance between the center line of the longitudinal rib 13 and the center line of the longitudinal rib 14 are both 100 mm, the distance from the center line of the longitudinal rib 11 to the extruded edge 17 of the rectangular plate adjacent to it is 25 mm, and the distance from the longitudinal rib 15 to the extruded edge 17 of the rectangular plate adjacent to it is 25 mm. Obviously, the distance from the center line of the longitudinal rib adjacent to the extruded edge 17 to the extruded edge 17 is a modulus M, and the distance between the center lines of two adjacent longitudinal ribs is an even multiple of the modulus M. The extrusion port of another extruder has Figure 5 The shape shown can therefore be extruded Figure 4 A relatively long strip having a cross section is shown, and the distance between the side of the longitudinal rib 11 away from the longitudinal rib 15 and the side of the longitudinal rib 15 away from the longitudinal rib 11 is measured, and the strip is cut into length according to the distance value to obtain two first transverse ribs.

[0045] Slotting steps:

[0046] See also Figure 2 ,exist Figure 1 The five longitudinal ribs of the main plate body 1 without grooves are processed into grooves 16 for the two first transverse ribs to penetrate, so as to obtain the main plate body 1 in the first embodiment of the template. It should be noted that the present invention is only Figure 3 - Fig.10The actual shape of the cross section of the groove 16 and the first transverse rib 2 is accurately expressed in the figure, that is, the actual shape of the waisted rectangle referred to in the present invention can be based on Figure 3 - Fig.10 It should be understood that for the purpose of clarity and simplicity of the drawings, in other drawings of the present invention, the cross-sections of the groove 16 and the first transverse rib 2 and the second transverse rib 4 are all expressed as circumscribed rectangles of the waisted rectangle.

[0047] The specific position of the groove 16 is that its center line should be a module M, i.e. 25 mm, away from its adjacent cutting edge 18.

[0048] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 yes Figure 2 In the partial enlarged view of the right end of the main body 1 extruded from the side, the shape of the groove 16 in this example is like an inverted "earth" character, the lower end of the groove 16 is the back of the rectangular plate, the depth of the groove 16 is the same as the height of the longitudinal rib 15, and the same groove 16 is correspondingly provided on all longitudinal ribs. The groove 16 can be formed by laser cutting or milling machine processing.

[0049] Installation steps:

[0050] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 4 The three-dimensional structure of the first transverse rib 2 is shown, but its length is omitted. Figure 5 The cross-sectional shape of the first transverse rib 2 is a waisted rectangle. The so-called waisted rectangle means that its shape can be considered as a rectangle with two sides bent and folded inside the rectangle. Therefore, the rectangle is a circumscribed rectangle of the waisted rectangle. The cross-sectional shape of the first transverse rib 2 in the present invention is exactly the same as the shape of the groove 16. Therefore, the first transverse rib 2 can be formed into a Fig. 9 As shown, an extruded edge of the main body 1 passes through the longitudinal ribs 11, 12, 13, 14 and the corresponding grooves 16 on the longitudinal ribs 15 in sequence to form Fig.10 Template 10 is shown.

[0051] Fixing steps:

[0052] The first transverse ribs 2 are fixed relative to the main body 1. The fixing method can be spot welding between the two ends of the first transverse ribs 2 and the back of the main body 1, or spot welding the first transverse ribs 2 and the longitudinal ribs 11 and 15 at the junction, so as to achieve the purpose of constraining the two first transverse ribs 2 in the interlacing direction and fixing them relative to the back. After the two first transverse ribs 2 are fixed to the main body 1, the template 10 of this example is obtained. Fig.11 .

[0053] Lamination steps:

[0054] A layer of concrete-repellent polymer material is pasted or sprayed on the front side of the main plate body 1. Obviously, adopting other processes to form a layer of concrete-repellent polymer material on the entire template surface can also facilitate demoulding.

[0055] The advantages of the template of the present invention are further demonstrated by briefly describing the use of the first embodiment of the template of the present invention in construction.

[0056] See also Fig.12 and Fig.13 During construction, the front side of the template 10 contacts the concrete of the wall to be formed. Two back ribs 3 are arranged at both ends of the template 10 near the cutting edge 18. The engaging surface of the back ribs 3 is provided with a plurality of longitudinal grooves 31 and a plurality of transverse grooves 32. Fig.13 Only one template is shown to illustrate the advantages of the present invention. In actual construction, multiple templates 10 on the back ribs 3 and adjacent back ribs 3 are also connected above, below, left and right.

[0057] See also Fig.14 When the concrete slurry is poured, the front of each formwork bears Figure 4 The pressure indicated by the middle arrow, compared with the prior art, the present invention adds a first transverse rib 2 fixed on the back of the main board 1, and the first transverse rib 2 is also embedded in a longitudinal groove 31 of the back rib 3, which plays a role in restraining the main board 1 from shrinking in the longitudinal direction due to deflection, and greatly improves the anti-deflection effect compared with the prior art. In addition, the problem of slippage and falling off between the existing template and the back rib during installation is completely avoided.

[0058] Second embodiment of the template and the second embodiment of the manufacturing method thereof

[0059] This example also uses the manufacturing process of the second embodiment of the template manufacturing method to illustrate, and the description of the second embodiment of the template is included therein. The following focuses on the differences between the second embodiment and the first embodiment, and the similarities are not repeated.

[0060] Extrusion steps:

[0061] The template of this example uses a polymer material that hates concrete as a raw material, such as PP, PE, PTFE. Since the difference between this example and the previous example is mainly in the material and structure of the template, and the other parts are the same as the previous example, the extrusion molding machine uses a plastic extrusion molding machine, and the extruded main body 1 is exactly the same as the previous example except for the material. Figure 1. However, 9 second transverse ribs 4 are provided in each template. The structural dimensions of the second transverse ribs 4 are exactly the same as those of the first transverse ribs 2 in the above example, and only the functions are different. Therefore, in this example, 9 more second transverse ribs 4 are cut out on the basis of the above example. In the above example, the function of the first transverse ribs 2 is as mentioned above to make the template 10 constrained at both ends on the back rib 3 when used longitudinally. However, the two first transverse ribs 2 and the additional 9 second transverse ribs 4 in this example are different from those in the above example in that they are used to improve the transverse bending strength of the template 10 when the template 10 is used with the extruded edge 17 resting on the back rib 3, which will be explained in detail later.

[0062] Slotting steps:

[0063] See also Fig.15 , Fig.15 It is marked that 11 grooves 16 are processed on the longitudinal rib 11, and 11 grooves 16 are also processed at the positions where the other four longitudinal ribs are transversely aligned, that is, 11 grooves 16 are processed on the longitudinal rib 12, the longitudinal rib 13, the longitudinal rib 14 and the longitudinal rib 15.

[0064] Installation steps:

[0065] The two first transverse ribs 2 and the nine second transverse ribs 4 cut in the previous step are correspondingly inserted into the above-mentioned grooves 16 .

[0066] Fixing steps:

[0067] All the second transverse ribs 4 and the first transverse ribs 2 are fixed relative to the main board body 1. The fixing method can be fusion welding. As long as the second transverse ribs 4 and the first transverse ribs 2 are constrained in the insertion direction and fixed relative to the back side of the main board body 1, it can be done.

[0068] The advantages of the template 10 of the present invention are further demonstrated by briefly describing the use of the second embodiment of the template of the present invention in construction.

[0069] See also Fig.16 , Fig.17 and Fig.18 During construction, the front side of the template 10 contacts the concrete of the wall to be formed, and the extruded edge 17 of the template 10 rests on the two back ribs 3. The engaging surface of the back ribs 3 is provided with a plurality of longitudinal grooves 31 and a plurality of transverse grooves 32. Fig.17 Only one template 10 is shown to illustrate the advantages of the present invention. In actual construction, multiple templates 10 are also connected to the back ribs 3 and adjacent back ribs 3 above, below, left and right. Fig.13 and Fig.17By comparison, it can be seen that the difference between the first embodiment of the template of the present invention and the second embodiment of the template in actual use is that the first embodiment of the template 10 is used with the cutting edge 18 placed on two back ribs 3, and the second embodiment of the template 10 is used with the extrusion edge 17 placed on two back ribs, that is, in the second embodiment of the template 10, the longitudinal ribs 11 and the longitudinal ribs 15 are respectively embedded in the longitudinal grooves 31 of the back ribs 3. Therefore, the first transverse rib 2 and the second transverse rib 4 in the second embodiment of the template 10 only play a bending resistance role in the transverse span of the template between the two back ribs 3, that is, the transverse reinforcement ribs of the template 10 are formed, and the longitudinal ribs 11 and the longitudinal ribs 15 in the second embodiment of the template 10 play the role of the first transverse rib 2 in the first embodiment of the template 10 to constrain the template 10 to shrink in the corresponding direction due to deflection.

[0070] The third embodiment of the template and the third embodiment of the manufacturing method thereof

[0071] The third embodiment of the template manufacturing method is the same as the above embodiment. The following focuses on the differences between the structure of the third embodiment of the template and the second embodiment of the template, and the similarities are not repeated.

[0072] See also Fig.19 , Fig. 20 and Fig.21 The feature of the template 10 in this example is that the length of the cutting edge 18 is an even multiple of the module M, but the length of the extrusion edge 17 does not need to satisfy an integer multiple relationship with the module M, but is only related to the size of the construction building. The advantage of this example is that it is convenient for construction. Only one template 10 can be used to place the extrusion edge 17 on the back rib 3 for use. Multiple templates 10 can be used to connect the extrusion edge 17 without connecting other templates 10 on the cutting edge 18. Although the template 10 is relatively long and does not meet the multiple of the module M, the weight can be reduced by reducing the length of the cutting edge 18. The construction personnel can also operate conveniently. During construction, the template 10 is placed on the back rib 3. Fig.19 The template 10 in this example can be connected to the left or right side by side in sequence without the need for connecting up and down. Fig.21 It is shown that the distance between the center lines of all the second transverse ribs 4 satisfies the relationship of an even multiple of the modulus M, and the distance between the center line of the first transverse rib 2 at the lower end and the center line of the adjacent second transverse rib 4 also satisfies the relationship of an even multiple of the modulus M. However, the distance between the center line of the first transverse rib 2 at the upper end and the center line of the adjacent second transverse rib 4 does not need to satisfy the relationship of an even multiple of the modulus M.

[0073] Other Implementations

[0074] The selection of the modulus M in the template of the present invention mainly depends on the size of the building wall and the construction requirements. The values ​​that can usually be selected are 25 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, etc.

[0075] The length and width of the template of the present invention are not limited to 1000 mm×350 mm in the above two examples, and can be changed according to construction requirements. For example, the length of the extruded edge 17 in the third embodiment is not restricted by the multiple of the modulus M.

[0076] The material of the first embodiment of the template can also be a concrete-friendly polymer material, such as nylon, acrylic, PVC, etc.

[0077] The number and spacing of the longitudinal ribs on each template can also vary, but the spacing must also meet the requirement of being an even multiple of the module M. The number and spacing of the second transverse ribs can also vary, but the spacing must also meet the requirement of being an even multiple of the module M.

Claims

1. Template, including The main board body is an extruded rectangular board, and the back of the rectangular board is integrally extruded with two or more mutually parallel longitudinal ribs with the same rectangular cross section, and the distance between the center lines of two adjacent longitudinal ribs is an even multiple of the modulus M, wherein: The distance from the center line of the longitudinal rib adjacent to the extruded edge to the extruded edge is the modulus M; It is characterized by: it also includes A first transverse rib, wherein the first transverse rib is an extruded elongated strip, the cross section of the elongated strip is a waisted rectangle, and the circumscribed rectangle of the waisted rectangle is the same as the rectangle of the cross section of the longitudinal rib; The first transverse rib is closely attached to the back of the main body, and is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal rib. At the intersection with the longitudinal rib, the longitudinal rib is provided with a groove for the first transverse rib to pass through, and the shape of the groove is the same as the waisted rectangle; There are two first transverse ribs, which are arranged adjacent to the two cutting edges of the main board body. The distance from the center line of the first transverse rib to the adjacent cutting edge is one of the modules M.

2. The template according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included are a plurality of second transverse ribs, the second transverse ribs having the same cross-section as the first transverse ribs; The second transverse rib is closely attached to the back of the main body, and is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal rib. At the intersection with the longitudinal rib, the longitudinal rib is provided with the groove for the second transverse rib to pass through. There are a plurality of second transverse ribs, which are arranged between two first transverse ribs, and a distance between center lines of two adjacent second transverse ribs is an even multiple of the module M.

3. The template according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first transverse ribs and the second transverse ribs are inserted into the corresponding grooves and fixed on the back surface.

4. The template according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The waisted rectangle has upper and lower straight sides, and two side edges contain rectangular tooth segments or triangular tooth segments or curved segments.

5. The template according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main board body is made of a concrete-repellent polymer material.

6. The template according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main board body is made of aluminum alloy or a polymer material that is affinity with concrete, and the front side of the main board body is covered with a polymer material layer that is affinity with concrete.

7. The method for manufacturing the template according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: Extrusion step: using an extrusion molding machine to extrude and cut out the main board body, and using an extrusion molding machine to extrude and cut out the first transverse ribs; Grooving step: machining the grooves for the two first transverse ribs to penetrate on the longitudinal ribs of the main body; Installation step: insert the two first transverse ribs into the corresponding grooves.

8. The template manufacturing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The extrusion step further comprises extruding and cutting out the second transverse rib as claimed in claim 2; The slotting step further includes machining the slots for the plurality of second transverse ribs to penetrate on the longitudinal ribs of the main body; The installation step also includes inserting the second transverse ribs into the grooves accordingly.

9. The method for manufacturing a template according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The template is made of aluminum alloy or concrete-friendly polymer material; After the extrusion step, the Laminating step: laminating or spraying a layer of concrete-repellent polymer material on the front side of the extruded main body.

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