Kitchen waste solid residue efficient humification method based on variable-pressure container fermentation process

Abstract

The invention discloses a kitchen waste solid residue efficient humification method based on a variable-pressure container fermentation process, and the kitchen waste solid residue efficient humification method comprises the following steps: step 1, adding kitchen waste solid residues into a fermentation bin, and then sequentially adding auxiliary materials and a composting inoculant into the fermentation bin, and the invention relates to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment. According to the high-efficiency humification method for the kitchen waste solid residues based on the variable-pressure container fermentation process, the humification degree can be improved, the time required by composting can be shortened, the whole fermentation process is controlled within 10 days, operation can be performed under the condition that the water content of the kitchen waste solid residues is 60-70%, a few auxiliary materials are required, the use amount of the auxiliary materials can be remarkably reduced in a pressurization mode, and the cost is reduced. The organic fertilizer is prepared from the kitchen waste organic solid residues, fixation of organic carbon in the kitchen waste can be achieved, through further land utilization, the soil organic carbon storage amount can be effectively increased, the soil fertility can be improved, the carbon emission can be reduced, biological heat can be fully utilized, fermentation energy consumption can be reduced, and large economic benefits are generated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, and in particular to a method for efficiently humifying kitchen waste solid residue based on a pressure-variable container fermentation process. Background Art

[0002] Kitchen waste is the most important type of food waste. The large amount of perishable organic waste discharged by residents in their daily consumption is called kitchen waste. It mainly contains food fiber, starch, fat, inorganic salts and water. With the development of the economy and the improvement of living standards, the amount of garbage generated in my country is increasing. In recent years, the amount of urban domestic waste collection and transportation has reached 249 million tons. Among domestic waste, kitchen waste accounts for 50% to 70%. As of the end of 2020, 216 centralized kitchen waste treatment facilities have been built in China, with a processing capacity of 39,000 tons / day. However, the final outlet of kitchen waste solid residue has always been one of the key common technical issues restricting the sustainable development of kitchen waste treatment technology.

[0003] The existing efficient humification method of kitchen waste solid residue based on the pressure variable container fermentation process has the problems of long fermentation cycle, low humification degree, and large amount of auxiliary materials. Improving the humification degree and efficiency of composting is still the main task and difficulty of current research. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a efficient humification method of kitchen waste solid residue based on the pressure variable container fermentation process to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for efficiently humifying kitchen waste solid slag based on a pressure-changing container fermentation process, which solves the problems of long fermentation cycle, low humification degree and large amount of auxiliary materials.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A method for efficiently humifying kitchen waste solid residue based on a pressure-variable container fermentation process, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Add the kitchen waste solid residue into the fermentation bin, and then add the auxiliary materials and composting agent into the fermentation bin in sequence;

[0007] Step 2: Start the air compressor to increase the pressure in the fermentation bin to a set value of 1. The microorganisms in the fermentation bin undergo aerobic fermentation to generate heat. Heat insulation cotton is set outside the bin to insulate the fermentation bin, thereby increasing the temperature inside the bin.

[0008] Step 3: After the central temperature in the fermentation bin reaches the set value 2, the temperature of the heating belt is also raised to the set value 2, and the vacuum pump is turned on to evacuate the tank, so that the pressure in the fermentation bin is reduced to the set value 3 and maintained for 12-24 hours, and the vacuum pump is turned off;

[0009] Step 4: Start the air compressor to increase the pressure in the fermentation bin to set value 1 and keep it for 3-5 days;

[0010] Step 5. Turn on the vacuum pump to reduce the pressure in the fermentation chamber to normal pressure, discharge the humified kitchen waste from the discharge port, and repeat steps 1 to 4. Finally, the GI of the compost is measured to be over 85%, which is considered to be high-quality organic fertilizer.

[0011] Preferably, in step one, the kitchen waste solid residue is added to the fermentation bin through the feed port after three-phase separation treatment, the auxiliary material added to the fermentation bin is sawdust, the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 65-70%, and the addition of auxiliary materials is reduced by pressurization.

[0012] Preferably, the fermentation bin is divided into two parts: a material stacking area and a leachate collection area, which are separated by a porous plate with a pore size of 1 mm. The leachate collected in the leachate collection area is discharged through a discharge port. The material stacking area occupies 70%-80% of the fermentation bin, the leachate collection area occupies 20%-30% of the fermentation bin, and the material stacking volume occupies 70-80% of the material stacking area.

[0013] Preferably, in step 2, setting value 1 is that the air compressor increases the internal pressure of the fermentation bin to a pressure gauge reading of 0.3 to 0.5 MPa, and the thickness of the insulation cotton is 20 to 40 mm.

[0014] Preferably, in step three, setting value two is 60° C., and it can be known from the temperature sensor reading that setting value three is the vacuum gauge reading of -0.06 to -0.04 MPa.

[0015] Preferably, in step 4, the setting value 1 is 0.3-0.5 MPa.

[0016] The present invention also provides a fermentation device for an efficient humification method of kitchen waste solid slag based on a pressure-variable container fermentation process, comprising a fermentation bin, an air compressor is fixedly arranged on the top right side of the fermentation bin through a pipeline, thermal insulation cotton is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation bin, a heating belt is fixedly arranged on the outside of the thermal insulation cotton, a vacuum pump is fixedly arranged on the top left side of the fermentation bin through an air pipe, a discharge port is opened on the lower right side of the fermentation bin, and a feed port is opened in the middle of the top of the fermentation bin.

[0017] Preferably, a pressure gauge is fixedly installed on the right side of the top of the fermentation bin, a temperature sensor is fixedly installed on the left side of the fermentation bin, a vacuum gauge is fixedly installed on the left side of the top of the fermentation bin, a porous plate is fixedly installed between the lower side walls of the inner cavity of the fermentation bin, a material stacking area and a leachate collection area are formed above and below the porous plate respectively, and a discharge port is opened at the bottom right side of the fermentation bin.

[0018] Beneficial Effects

[0019] The present invention provides a method for efficiently humifying kitchen waste solid residue based on a fermentation process in a pressure-variable container. Compared with the prior art, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The method for efficiently humifying kitchen waste solid residue based on the fermentation process of a pressure-variable container comprises the following steps: adding kitchen waste solid residue into a fermentation bin, and then sequentially adding auxiliary materials and composting agents into the fermentation bin, starting an air compressor to pressurize the fermentation bin to a set value of one, so that the microorganisms in the fermentation bin perform aerobic fermentation to generate heat, arranging heat-insulating cotton outside the bin to insulate the fermentation bin so that the temperature in the bin increases, and after the central temperature in the fermentation bin reaches a set value of two, the temperature of the heating belt also increases to a set value of two, and turning on a vacuum pump to evacuate the pressure in the fermentation bin to a set value of three and maintain the pressure for 12-24 hours, turning off the vacuum pump, starting the air compressor, increasing the pressure in the fermentation bin to a set value of one and maintaining the pressure for 3-5 days, turning on the vacuum pump to reduce the pressure in the fermentation bin to normal pressure, and discharging the humified kitchen waste solid residue from a discharge port, and repeating the above steps. Finally, the GI of the compost is measured to be more than 85%, which is considered to be a high-quality organic fertilizer. The humification degree can be improved, and the time required for composting can be shortened. The entire fermentation process is controlled within 10 days.

[0021] (2) The method for efficiently humifying kitchen waste solid residue based on the fermentation process of the pressure-changing container comprises the following steps: the kitchen waste solid residue is added to the fermentation bin through the feed port after being subjected to three-phase separation treatment; the auxiliary material added to the fermentation bin is sawdust; the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 65-70%; the addition of auxiliary materials is reduced by pressurizing; the fermentation bin is divided into a material stacking area and a leachate collection area, which are separated by a porous plate with a pore size of 1 mm; the leachate collected in the leachate collection area is discharged through the discharge port; the material stacking area occupies 70%-80% of the fermentation bin, and the leachate collection area occupies 20%-30% of the fermentation bin; The material stacking volume accounts for 70-80% of the material stacking area. In step 2, the setting value 1 is that the air compressor increases the internal pressure of the fermentation bin to a pressure gauge reading of 0.3-0.5 MPa, and the thickness of the insulation cotton is 20-40 mm. In step 3, the setting value 2 is 60°C. It can be seen from the temperature sensor reading that the setting value 3 is the vacuum gauge reading of -0.06--0.04 MPa. In step 4, the setting value 1 is 0.3-0.5 MPa. It can be operated when the moisture content of kitchen waste solid slag is 60-70%, and less auxiliary materials are required. The pressurization method of the present invention can significantly reduce the amount of auxiliary materials used.

[0022] (3) The method for efficiently humifying kitchen waste solid residue based on the fermentation process of a pressure-variable container comprises the following steps: an air compressor is fixedly arranged on the right side of the top of a fermentation bin through a pipeline; a heat-insulating cotton is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation bin; a heating belt is fixedly arranged on the outside of the heat-insulating cotton; a vacuum pump is fixedly arranged on the left side of the top of the fermentation bin through an air pipe; a discharge port is opened at the lower right part of the fermentation bin; a feed port is opened at the middle of the top of the fermentation bin; a pressure gauge is fixedly arranged on the right side of the top of the fermentation bin; a temperature sensor is fixedly arranged on the left side of the fermentation bin; a vacuum gauge is fixedly arranged on the left side of the top of the fermentation bin; a porous plate is fixedly arranged between the side walls of the lower part of the inner cavity of the fermentation bin; a material stacking area and a leachate collection area are formed above and below the porous plate, respectively; a discharge port is opened at the bottom right side of the fermentation bin; organic fertilizer is prepared by using organic solid residue from kitchen waste, and organic carbon in kitchen waste can be fixed; through further land utilization, soil organic carbon reserves can be effectively increased, soil fertility can be improved, carbon emissions can be reduced, bioheat can be fully utilized, fermentation energy consumption can be reduced, and greater economic benefits can be generated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a process flow chart of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the efficient humification method of kitchen waste solid residue based on the fermentation process of the pressure-changing container of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1. Fermentation bin; 2. Air compressor; 3. Heating belt; 4. Insulation cotton; 5. Vacuum pump; 6. Discharge port; 7. Feed port; 8. Pressure gauge; 9. Temperature sensor; 10. Vacuum gauge; 11. Material stacking area; 12. Leachate collection area; 13. Perforated plate; 14. Discharge port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] See also Figure 1-2 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for efficiently humifying kitchen waste solid residue based on a pressure-variable container fermentation process, comprising the following steps:

[0028] Step 1: Add the kitchen waste solid residue into the fermentation bin, and then add the auxiliary materials and composting agent into the fermentation bin in sequence;

[0029] Step 2: Start the air compressor to increase the pressure in the fermentation bin to a set value of 1. The microorganisms in the fermentation bin undergo aerobic fermentation to generate heat. Heat insulation cotton is set outside the bin to insulate the fermentation bin, thereby increasing the temperature inside the bin.

[0030] Step 3: After the central temperature in the fermentation bin reaches the set value 2, the temperature of the heating belt is also raised to the set value 2, and the vacuum pump is turned on to evacuate the tank, so that the pressure in the fermentation bin is reduced to the set value 3 and maintained for 12-24 hours, and the vacuum pump is turned off;

[0031] Step 4: Start the air compressor to increase the pressure in the fermentation bin to set value 1 and keep it for 3-5 days;

[0032] Step 5. Turn on the vacuum pump to reduce the pressure in the fermentation chamber to normal pressure, discharge the humified kitchen waste from the discharge port, and repeat steps 1 to 4. Finally, the GI of the compost is measured to be over 85%, which is considered to be high-quality organic fertilizer.

[0033] In the step 1, the kitchen waste solid residue is added to the fermentation bin through the feed port after three-phase separation treatment, the auxiliary material added to the fermentation bin is sawdust, the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 65-70%, and the addition of auxiliary materials is reduced by pressurization. The fermentation bin is divided into a material stacking area and a leachate collection area, which are separated by a porous plate with a pore size of 1 mm in the middle. The leachate collected in the leachate collection area is discharged through the discharge port. The material stacking area occupies 70%-80% of the fermentation bin, and the leachate collection area occupies 10%-20% of the fermentation bin. The material stacking volume accounts for 20%-30% of the fermentation bin, and the material stacking volume accounts for 70-80% of the material stacking area. In the step 2, the setting value 1 is that the air compressor increases the internal pressure of the fermentation bin to a pressure gauge reading of 0.3-0.5 MPa, and the thickness of the insulation cotton is 20-40 mm. In the step 3, the setting value 2 is 60°C. It can be seen from the temperature sensor that the setting value 3 is the vacuum gauge reading of -0.06 to -0.04 MPa. In the step 4, the setting value 1 is 0.3-0.5 MPa.

[0034] The humification degree can be improved, and the time required for composting can be shortened. The entire fermentation process can be controlled within 10 days. It can be operated when the moisture content of kitchen waste solid residue is 60-70%. Less auxiliary materials are required. The pressurization method of the present invention can significantly reduce the amount of auxiliary materials used. Organic fertilizer is prepared by utilizing organic solid residue from kitchen waste, and the fixation of organic carbon in kitchen waste can be achieved. Through further land utilization, the soil organic carbon reserve can be effectively increased, soil fertility can be improved, carbon emissions can be reduced, bioheat can be fully utilized, fermentation energy consumption can be reduced, and greater economic benefits can be generated.

[0035] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a fermentation device for an efficient humification method of kitchen waste solid slag based on a pressure-variable container fermentation process, comprising a fermentation bin 1, an air compressor 2 is fixedly arranged on the top right side of the fermentation bin 1 through a pipeline, a heat-insulating cotton 4 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation bin 1, a heating belt 3 is fixedly arranged on the outside of the heat-insulating cotton 4, a vacuum pump 5 is fixedly arranged on the top left side of the fermentation bin 1 through an air pipe, a discharge port 6 is opened at the lower right part of the fermentation bin 1, a feed port 7 is opened in the middle of the top of the fermentation bin 1, a pressure gauge 8 is fixedly arranged on the top right side of the fermentation bin 1, a temperature sensor 9 is fixedly arranged on the left side of the fermentation bin 1, a vacuum gauge 10 is fixedly arranged on the top left side of the fermentation bin 1, a porous plate 13 is fixedly arranged between the side walls of the lower part of the inner cavity of the fermentation bin 1, a material stacking area 11 and a leachate collection area 12 are formed above and below the porous plate 13, respectively, and a discharge port 14 is opened at the bottom right side of the fermentation bin 1.

[0036] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0037] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A highly efficient humification method for kitchen waste solid residue based on a pressure-variable container fermentation process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Add the kitchen waste solid residue into the fermentation bin, and then add the auxiliary materials and composting agent into the fermentation bin in sequence; Step 2: Start the air compressor to increase the pressure in the fermentation bin to a set value of 1. The microorganisms in the fermentation bin undergo aerobic fermentation to generate heat. Heat insulation cotton is set outside the bin to insulate the fermentation bin, thereby increasing the temperature inside the bin. Step 3: After the central temperature in the fermentation bin reaches the set value 2, the temperature of the heating belt is also raised to the set value 2, and the vacuum pump is turned on to evacuate the tank, so that the pressure in the fermentation bin is reduced to the set value 3 and maintained for 12-24 hours, and the vacuum pump is turned off; Step 4: Start the air compressor to increase the pressure in the fermentation bin to set value 1 and keep it for 3-5 days; Step 5. Turn on the vacuum pump to reduce the pressure in the fermentation chamber to normal pressure, discharge the humified kitchen waste from the discharge port, and repeat steps 1 to 4. Finally, the GI of the compost is measured to be over 85%, which is considered to be high-quality organic fertilizer.

2. The method for efficiently humifying kitchen waste solid residue based on a pressure-switch container fermentation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the kitchen waste solid residue is added to the fermentation bin through the feed port after three-phase separation treatment, and the auxiliary material added to the fermentation bin is sawdust. The moisture content of the material is adjusted to 65-70%, and the addition of auxiliary materials is reduced by pressurization.

3. The method for efficiently humifying kitchen waste solid residue based on a pressure-switch container fermentation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation bin is divided into a material stacking area and a leachate collection area, which are separated by a porous plate with a pore size of 1 mm. The leachate collected in the leachate collection area is discharged through a discharge port. The material stacking area occupies 70%-80% of the fermentation bin, the leachate collection area occupies 20%-30% of the fermentation bin, and the material stacking volume occupies 70%-80% of the material stacking area.

4. The method for efficiently humifying kitchen waste solid residue based on a pressure-variable container fermentation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the setting value 1 is that the air compressor increases the internal pressure of the fermentation bin to a pressure gauge reading of 0.3-0.5 MPa, and the thickness of the insulation cotton is 20-40 mm.

5. The method for efficiently humifying kitchen waste solid residue based on a pressure-switch container fermentation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step three, the setting value two is 60°C. It can be known from the temperature sensor reading that the setting value three is the vacuum gauge reading of -0.06 to -0.04MPa.

6. The method for efficiently humifying kitchen waste solid residue based on a pressure-switch container fermentation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 4, the setting value 1 is 0.3-0.5 MPa.

7. A fermentation device for a highly efficient humification method of kitchen waste solid residue based on a pressure-variable container fermentation process, comprising a fermentation chamber (1), characterized in that: An air compressor (2) is fixedly arranged on the right side of the top of the fermentation bin (1) via a pipeline, a heat-insulating cotton (4) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation bin (1), a heating belt (3) is fixedly arranged outside the heat-insulating cotton (4), a vacuum pump (5) is fixedly arranged on the left side of the top of the fermentation bin (1) via an air pipe, a discharge port (6) is provided at the lower right side of the fermentation bin (1), and a feed port (7) is provided in the middle of the top of the fermentation bin (1).

8. The fermentation device of the method for efficiently humifying kitchen waste solid residue based on the fermentation process of a pressure-changing container according to claim 7, characterized in that: A pressure gauge (8) is fixedly arranged on the right side of the top of the fermentation bin (1), a temperature sensor (9) is fixedly arranged on the left side of the fermentation bin (1), a vacuum gauge (10) is fixedly arranged on the left side of the top of the fermentation bin (1), a porous plate (13) is fixedly arranged between the side walls of the lower part of the inner cavity of the fermentation bin (1), a material stacking area (11) and a leachate collection area (12) are formed above and below the porous plate (13), respectively, and a discharge port (14) is opened at the bottom of the right side of the fermentation bin (1).

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