Ship 485 bus polarity self-adaption and baud rate self-adaption module system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ship communication, in particular to a ship 485 bus polarity self-adaption and baud rate self-adaption module system which comprises a protection circuit module, a relay switching circuit module, a 485 chip level pull-up and pull-down resistor module, a voltage comparator module, a digital isolation chip module, an isolation power supply module and a single chip microcomputer module. The protection circuit module is connected with a 485 bus, the protection circuit module is connected with the relay switching circuit module, the relay switching circuit module is respectively connected with the 485 chip, the pull-up and pull-down resistor module and the voltage comparator module, and the 485 chip, the pull-up and pull-down resistor module and the voltage comparator module are respectively connected with the digital isolation chip module. The digital isolation chip module is connected with the single-chip microcomputer module, the isolation power supply module is connected with the digital isolation chip module, the voltage comparator module, the 485 chip level pull-up and pull-down resistor module and the relay switching circuit module, and automatic learning and automatic identification of the serial port baud rate of connected equipment can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ship communication, in particular to a ship 485 bus polarity self-adaptation and baud rate self-adaptation module system. Background Art

[0002] As we all know, the 485 bus is a commonly used communication bus in many fields such as industrial control and ship systems. It is widely used due to its advantages of long-distance transmission and multi-node mounting. However, during construction and equipment maintenance, it is very easy for the A and B lines of the 485 bus to be reversed. Conventional equipment cannot automatically adapt to polarity reversal, which in turn causes communication interruption and data errors, seriously affecting system stability and reliability, and increasing the cost and time of troubleshooting and repair.

[0003] The chips with automatic polarity switching currently on the market cannot connect pull-up and pull-down resistors to the AB phase lines. When the 485 bus is in idle state, it cannot obtain a definite electrical level and is easily interfered. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a ship 485 bus polarity adaptation and baud rate adaptation module system which has a simple system, high anti-interference, high reliable protection capability, and automatic learning and automatic identification of the serial port baud rate of the connected device.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: A ship 485 bus polarity self-adaptation and baud rate self-adaptation module system, characterized in that the system comprises a protection circuit module, a relay switching circuit module, a 485 chip-level pull-up and pull-down resistor module, a voltage comparator module, a digital isolation chip module, an isolation power supply module and a single-chip computer module, wherein the protection circuit module is connected to the 485 bus, the protection circuit module is connected to the relay switching circuit module, the relay switching circuit module is respectively connected to the 485 chip and the pull-up and pull-down resistor module, and the voltage comparator module, the 485 chip and the pull-up and pull-down resistor module, and the voltage comparator module are respectively connected to the digital isolation chip module, the digital isolation chip module is connected to the single-chip computer module, and the isolation power supply module is respectively connected to the digital isolation chip module, the voltage comparator module, the 485 chip-level pull-up and pull-down resistor module, and the relay switching circuit module.

[0006] The protection circuit module of the present invention includes a resettable fuse F2, a resettable fuse F3, a TVS tube U1, a TVS tube U6, and a TVS tube U8. Pin 1 of the resettable fuse F2 is connected to one end of the TVS tube U1, and pin 1 of the resettable fuse F3 is connected to one end of the TVS tube U8. The other ends of the TVS tube U1 and the TVS tube U8 are grounded respectively. The two ends of the TVS tube U6 are respectively connected to pin 1 of the resettable fuse F2 and pin 1 of the resettable fuse F3. Pin 1 of the resettable fuse F2 and pin 1 of the resettable fuse F3 lead to line terminals NET1 and NET2 respectively. The line terminals NET1 and NET2 are connected to the relay switching circuit module. Pin 2 of the resettable fuse F2 and pin 2 of the resettable fuse F3 are connected to line A or line B of the 485 bus.

[0007] The relay switching circuit module of the present invention comprises a relay K1, a protection current limiting resistor R8, a pull-down resistor R9, and a transistor Q1. The 5th pin of the relay K1 is respectively connected to the line terminal NET1 and the 2nd pin of the relay K1, the 7th pin of the relay K1 is respectively connected to the line terminal NET1 and the 4th pin of the relay K1, the 8th pin of the relay K1 is connected to the cth pin of the transistor, the bth pin of the transistor is respectively connected to one end of the protection current limiting resistor R8 and one end of the pull-down resistor R9, the eth pin of the transistor and the other end of the pull-down resistor R9 are grounded, the other end of the protection current limiting resistor R8 leads to an end line RELAY, the lead-out end line RELAY of the protection current limiting resistor R8 is connected to a single-chip computer module, the 6th pin of the relay K1 leads to a line terminal NET3, the 3rd pin of the relay K1 leads to a line terminal NET4, the line terminal NET3 and the line terminal NET4 are respectively connected to a 485 chip-level pull-up and pull-down resistor module and a voltage comparator module, and the 1st pin of the relay K1 is connected to an isolation power supply module.

[0008] The 485 chip-level pull-up and pull-down resistor module of the present invention comprises a protection resistor R18, a protection resistor R1, a pull-up resistor R5, a pull-down resistor R6, a 485 chip U5, and a pull-down resistor R17. One end of the protection resistor R18 leads to a lead-out terminal NET3, and the lead-out terminal NET3 of the protection resistor R18 is connected to the lead-out terminal NET3 of the 6th foot of the relay K1 in the relay switching circuit module. One end of the protection resistor R1 leads to a lead-out terminal NET4, and the lead-out terminal NET4 of the protection resistor R1 is connected to the lead-out terminal NET4 of the 6th foot of the relay K1 in the relay switching circuit module. The other end of the protection resistor R18 is respectively connected to one end of the pull-up resistor R5 and the 6th foot of the 485 chip U5, and the other end of the pull-up resistor R5 is connected to the isolation The 485 chip U5 is connected to the isolated power module, the other end of the protection resistor R1 is respectively connected to one end of the pull-down resistor R6 and pin 7 of the 485 chip U5, the other end of the pull-down resistor R6 is grounded, pin 5 of the 485 chip U5 is grounded, pin 8 of the 485 chip U5 is connected to the isolated power module, pin 4 of the 485 chip U5 leads out the terminal line TXD3, pins 2 and 3 of the 485 chip U5 are connected to the lead-out terminal line EN1, the lead-out terminal line EN1 is connected to one end of the pull-down resistor R17, the other end of the pull-down resistor R17 is grounded, pin 1 of the 485 chip U5 leads out the terminal line RXD3, the lead-out terminal line TXD3 of the 485 chip U5, the lead-out terminal line EN1 of the 485 chip U5, and the lead-out terminal line RXD3 of the 485 chip U5 are respectively connected to the digital isolation chip module.

[0009] The voltage comparator module of the present invention includes a protection current limiting resistor R2, a protection current limiting resistor R3, a differential voltage comparator U2.1, and a pull-up resistor R4. One end of the protection current limiting resistor R2 leads to a lead-out terminal NET3, and the lead-out terminal NET3 of the protection current limiting resistor R2 is connected to the lead-out terminal NET3 of the 6th foot of the relay K1 in the relay switching circuit module. One end of the protection current limiting resistor R3 leads to a lead-out terminal NET4, and the lead-out terminal NET4 of the protection current limiting resistor R3 is connected to the lead-out terminal NET4 of the 6th foot of the relay K1 in the relay switching circuit module. The other end of the protection current limiting resistor R2 is connected to pin 2 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1, the other end of the protection current limiting resistor R3 is connected to pin 3 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1, pin 4 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1 is grounded, pin 1 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1 is connected to one end of the pull-up resistor R4 and then to the lead-out terminal 393-OUT, the other end of the pull-up resistor R4 is connected to pin 8 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1 and then to the isolation power supply module, and the lead-out terminal 393-OUT of the differential voltage comparator U2.1 is connected to the digital isolation chip module.

[0010] The digital isolation chip module of the present invention is provided with a digital isolation chip U4, wherein the 2nd and 8th pins of the digital isolation chip U4 are grounded, the 3rd pin lead-out line 393-OUT of the digital isolation chip U4 is connected to the lead-out line 393-OUT of the differential voltage comparator U2.1, the 4th pin lead-out line RXD3 of the digital isolation chip U4, the 5th pin lead-out line TXD3 of the digital isolation chip U4, the 6th pin lead-out line EN1 of the digital isolation chip U4, the 1st pin and the 16th pin of the digital isolation chip U4 are respectively connected to the isolation power supply module, the 15th pin and the 9th pin of the digital isolation chip U4 are respectively connected to the GND-MCU, and the 11th pin, the 12th pin, the 13th pin and the 14th pin of the digital isolation chip U4 are respectively connected to the single-chip microcomputer module.

[0011] The single-chip microcomputer module described in the present invention includes a single-chip microcomputer U12 and a pull-down resistor R7. Pin 8 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to pin 14 of a digital isolation chip U4, pin 9 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to pin 12 of the digital isolation chip U4, pin 10 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to pin 13 of the digital isolation chip U4, pin 11 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to pin 11 of the digital isolation chip U4, pin 19 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to one end of the pull-down resistor R7, the other end of the pull-down resistor R7 is grounded, pin 12 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to a lead-out terminal line RELAY, and the lead-out terminal line RELAY of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to a lead-out terminal line RELAY of a relay switching circuit module.

[0012] The isolated power supply module described in the present invention is provided with an isolated power supply U3, pin 3 of the isolated power supply U3 is grounded, pin 1 of the isolated power supply U3 is connected to GND-MCU, pin 4 of the isolated power supply U3 is respectively connected to pin 8 of the 485 chip U5, pin 8 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1, and pin 1 of the digital isolation chip U4, and pin 2 of the isolated power supply U3 is respectively connected to pin 1 of the relay K1 of the relay switching circuit module and pin 16 of the digital isolation chip U4.

[0013] The 4th pin of the isolation power supply U3 of the present invention inputs a 5V voltage, and the 2nd pin of the isolation power supply U3 inputs a 3.3V voltage.

[0014] The present invention has the advantages of simple system, high anti-interference, high reliable protection capability, automatic learning and automatic identification of the serial port baud rate of the connected device, etc. due to the adoption of the above structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a system schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Circuit diagram of the protection circuit module and the relay switching circuit module.

[0017] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Circuit diagram of the pull-down resistor module at the 485 chip level.

[0018] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Circuit diagram of the medium voltage comparator module.

[0019] Figure 5 It is the circuit diagram of the digital isolation chip module and the single-chip microcomputer module.

[0020] Figure 6 It is the circuit diagram of the isolated power supply module.

[0021] Figure symbols: resettable fuse F2, resettable fuse F3, TVS tube U1, TVS tube U6, TVS tube U8, relay K1, protection current limiting resistor R8, pull-down resistor R9, transistor Q1, protection resistor R18, protection resistor R1, pull-up resistor R5, pull-down resistor R6, 485 chip U5, pull-down resistor R17, protection current limiting resistor R2, protection current limiting resistor R3, differential voltage comparator U2.1, pull-up resistor R4, digital isolation chip U4, single-chip microcomputer U12, pull-down resistor R7, isolation power supply U3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: As shown in the accompanying drawings, a ship 485 bus polarity adaptation and baud rate adaptation module system is characterized in that the system includes a protection circuit module, a relay switching circuit module, a 485 chip-level pull-up and pull-down resistor module, a voltage comparator module, a digital isolation chip module, an isolation power supply module and a single-chip computer module, wherein the protection circuit module is connected to the 485 bus, the protection circuit module is connected to the relay switching circuit module, the relay switching circuit module is respectively connected to the 485 chip and the pull-up and pull-down resistor module, and the voltage comparator module, the 485 chip and the pull-up and pull-down resistor module, and the voltage comparator module are respectively connected to the digital isolation chip module, the digital isolation chip module is connected to the single-chip computer module, the isolation power supply module is respectively connected to the digital isolation chip module, the voltage comparator module, the 485 chip-level pull-up and pull-down resistor module, and the relay switching circuit module, and the single-chip computer module is connected to the serial port of a third-party device.

[0023] Further, the protection circuit module includes a resettable fuse F2, a resettable fuse F3, a TVS tube U1, a TVS tube U6, and a TVS tube U8. Pin 1 of the resettable fuse F2 is connected to one end of the TVS tube U1, and pin 1 of the resettable fuse F3 is connected to one end of the TVS tube U8. The other ends of the TVS tube U1 and the TVS tube U8 are grounded respectively. The two ends of the TVS tube U6 are connected to pin 1 of the resettable fuse F2 and pin 1 of the resettable fuse F3 respectively. Pin 1 of the resettable fuse F2 and pin 1 of the resettable fuse F3 lead out line terminals NET1 and NET2 respectively. The line terminals NET1 and NET2 are connected to the relay switching circuit module. Pin 2 of the resettable fuse F2 and pin 2 of the resettable fuse F3 are connected to line A or line B of the 485 bus. The above-mentioned line A is 485SIGN1, and the line B is 485SIGN2 ( Figure 2 ).

[0024] Further, the relay switching circuit module includes a relay K1, a protection current limiting resistor R8, a pull-down resistor R9, and a transistor Q1. Pin 5 of the relay K1 is respectively connected to the line terminal NET1 and pin 2 of the relay K1, pin 7 of the relay K1 is respectively connected to the line terminal NET1 and pin 4 of the relay K1, pin 8 of the relay K1 is connected to pin c of the transistor, pin b of the transistor is respectively connected to one end of the protection current limiting resistor R8 and one end of the pull-down resistor R9, pin e of the transistor and the other end of the pull-down resistor R9 are grounded, the other end of the protection current limiting resistor R8 leads to a terminal line RELAY, the lead-out terminal line RELAY of the protection current limiting resistor R8 is connected to the single-chip computer module, pin 6 of the relay K1 leads to a terminal NET3, pin 3 of the relay K1 leads to a terminal NET4, the line terminals NET3 and NET4 are respectively connected to the 485 chip-level pull-down resistor module and the voltage comparator module, and pin 1 of the relay K1 is connected to the isolation power supply module.

[0025] When the relay K1 coil is energized, NET1 is connected to NET3, and NET4 is connected to NET2. When the relay coil is de-energized, NET3 is connected to NET2, and NET4 is connected to NET1. By this means, the polarity of the 485 circuit can be automatically switched, and then the NET3 and NET4 signals are sent to the voltage comparator module and the 485 chip-level pull-up and pull-down resistor module for processing.

[0026] Further, the 485 chip-level pull-up and pull-down resistor module includes a protection resistor R18, a protection resistor R1, a pull-up resistor R5, a pull-down resistor R6, a 485 chip U5, and a pull-down resistor R17. One end of the protection resistor R18 leads to a lead terminal NET3, and the lead terminal NET3 of the protection resistor R18 is connected to the lead terminal NET3 of the 6th foot of the relay K1 in the relay switching circuit module. One end of the protection resistor R1 leads to a lead terminal NET4, and the lead terminal NET4 of the protection resistor R1 is connected to the lead terminal NET4 of the 6th foot of the relay K1 in the relay switching circuit module. The other end of the protection resistor R18 is respectively connected to one end of the pull-up resistor R5 and the 6th foot of the 485 chip U5, and the other end of the pull-up resistor R5 is connected to The isolation power supply module is connected, the other end of the protection resistor R1 is respectively connected to one end of the pull-down resistor R6 and pin 7 of the 485 chip U5, the other end of the pull-down resistor R6 is grounded, pin 5 of the 485 chip U5 is grounded, pin 8 of the 485 chip U5 is connected to the isolation power supply module, pin 4 of the 485 chip U5 leads out the terminal line TXD3, pins 2 and 3 of the 485 chip U5 are connected to the lead-out terminal line EN1, the lead-out terminal line EN1 is connected to one end of the pull-down resistor R17, the other end of the pull-down resistor R17 is grounded, pin 1 of the 485 chip U5 leads out the terminal line RXD3, the lead-out terminal line TXD3 of the 485 chip U5, the lead-out terminal line EN1 of the 485 chip U5, and the lead-out terminal line RXD3 of the 485 chip U5 are respectively connected to the digital isolation chip module.

[0027] The pull-up resistor R5, the pull-down resistor R6 and the pull-down resistor R17 of the above-mentioned electronic components ensure the stability of the bus in a complex ship environment and have a stronger anti-interference ability.

[0028] Further, the voltage comparator module includes a protection current limiting resistor R2, a protection current limiting resistor R3, a differential voltage comparator U2.1, and a pull-up resistor R4. One end of the protection current limiting resistor R2 has a lead-out terminal NET3, and the lead-out terminal NET3 of the protection current limiting resistor R2 is connected to the lead-out terminal NET3 of the 6th foot of the relay K1 in the relay switching circuit module. One end of the protection current limiting resistor R3 has a lead-out terminal NET4, and the lead-out terminal NET4 of the protection current limiting resistor R3 is connected to the lead-out terminal NET4 of the 6th foot of the relay K1 in the relay switching circuit module. The other end of the protection current limiting resistor R2 is connected to pin 2 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1, the other end of the protection current limiting resistor R3 is connected to pin 3 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1, pin 4 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1 is grounded, pin 1 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1 is connected to one end of the pull-up resistor R4 and then to the lead-out terminal 393-OUT, the other end of the pull-up resistor R4 is connected to pin 8 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1 and then to the isolation power supply module, and the lead-out terminal 393-OUT of the differential voltage comparator U2.1 is connected to the digital isolation chip module.

[0029] The above voltage comparator module is used to determine the positive and negative of the 485 cable. When the NET3 level is greater than NET4, the voltage comparator U2 outputs a low level. When the NET3 level is less than NET4, the voltage comparator U2 outputs a high level. This signal is sent to the single-chip microcomputer module for processing through the digital isolation chip module. The interface protection circuit can protect the 485 communication bus from damage due to miswiring or high voltage static electricity.

[0030] Furthermore, the digital isolation chip module is provided with a digital isolation chip U4, pins 2 and 8 of the digital isolation chip U4 are grounded, pin 3 of the digital isolation chip U4 is lead-out terminal line 393-OUT, the lead-out terminal line 393-OUT of the digital isolation chip U4 is connected to the lead-out terminal line 393-OUT of the differential voltage comparator U2.1, pin 4 of the digital isolation chip U4 is lead-out terminal line RXD3, pin 5 of the digital isolation chip U4 is lead-out terminal line TXD3, pin 6 of the digital isolation chip U4 is lead-out terminal line EN1, pins 1 and 16 of the digital isolation chip U4 are respectively connected to the isolation power supply module, pins 15 and 9 of the digital isolation chip U4 are respectively connected to GND-MCU, pins 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the digital isolation chip U4 are respectively connected to the single-chip microcomputer module, and the above-mentioned digital isolation chip U4 adopts the SP3485 chip, and the above-mentioned digital isolation chip U4 completely isolates external signals from internal signals to enhance the reliability of the system.

[0031] Furthermore, the single-chip microcomputer module includes a single-chip microcomputer U12 and a pull-down resistor R7. Pin 8 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to pin 14 of the digital isolation chip U4, pin 9 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to pin 12 of the digital isolation chip U4, pin 10 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to pin 13 of the digital isolation chip U4, pin 11 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to pin 11 of the digital isolation chip U4, pin 19 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to one end of the pull-down resistor R7, the other end of the pull-down resistor R7 is grounded, pin 12 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to a lead-out terminal line RELAY, and the lead-out terminal line RELAY of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to the lead-out terminal line RELAY of the relay switching circuit module, and the other pins of the single-chip microcomputer U12 are connected to the serial port of a third-party device.

[0032] Furthermore, the isolated power supply module is provided with an isolated power supply U3, pin 3 of the isolated power supply U3 is grounded, pin 1 of the isolated power supply U3 is connected to GND-MCU, pin 4 of the isolated power supply U3 is respectively connected to pin 8 of the 485 chip U5, pin 8 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1, and pin 1 of the digital isolation chip U4, and pin 2 of the isolated power supply U3 is respectively connected to pin 1 of the relay K1 of the relay switching circuit module and pin 16 of the digital isolation chip U4.

[0033] Furthermore, the 4th pin of the isolated power supply U3 inputs a 5V voltage, and the 2nd pin of the isolated power supply U3 inputs a 3.3V voltage.

[0034] When the microcontroller U4 in the microcontroller module detects the output level of the voltage comparator, it will control the relay K1 coil to switch the 485 bus. The digital isolation chip U4 and the isolation power supply U3 in the circuit are used to isolate the 485 digital isolation chip U4 circuit and the microcontroller U4 circuit, so that the circuit has better anti-interference ability.

[0035] The serial port of the third-party device is directly connected to the single-chip microcomputer U12, and the single-chip microcomputer U12 system will automatically capture the minimum pulse width signal in the serial port communication. For example, the data transmission rate is 120 characters per second, and each character is 10 bits (1 start bit, 7 data bits, 1 check bit, and 1 end bit), then the baud rate of the transmission is 10x120=1200 characters / second=1200 baud. If the configured baud rate is 9600, then each bit time is 1 / 9600=104us. The single-chip microcomputer U12 can calculate the baud rate of the device by capturing the low level of the minimum pulse width, thereby realizing baud rate adaptation. Due to the adoption of the above structure, the present invention has the advantages of simple system, high anti-interference, high reliability protection capability, automatic learning and automatic recognition of the serial port baud rate of the connected device, etc.

Claims

1. A ship 485 bus polarity adaptation and baud rate adaptation module system, characterized in that The system comprises a protection circuit module, a relay switching circuit module, a 485 chip-level pull-up and pull-down resistor module, a voltage comparator module, a digital isolation chip module, an isolation power supply module and a single-chip computer module. The protection circuit module is connected to a 485 bus, the protection circuit module is connected to a relay switching circuit module, the relay switching circuit module is respectively connected to a 485 chip and a pull-up and pull-down resistor module, and a voltage comparator module, the 485 chip and a pull-up and pull-down resistor module, and a voltage comparator module are respectively connected to a digital isolation chip module, the digital isolation chip module is connected to a single-chip computer module, and the isolation power supply module is respectively connected to a digital isolation chip module, a voltage comparator module, a 485 chip-level pull-up and pull-down resistor module, and a relay switching circuit module.

2. A ship 485 bus polarity adaptation and baud rate adaptation module system according to claim 1, characterized in that The protection circuit module includes a resettable fuse F2, a resettable fuse F3, a TVS tube U1, a TVS tube U6, and a TVS tube U8. Pin 1 of the resettable fuse F2 is connected to one end of the TVS tube U1, and pin 1 of the resettable fuse F3 is connected to one end of the TVS tube U8. The other ends of the TVS tube U1 and the TVS tube U8 are grounded respectively. The two ends of the TVS tube U6 are respectively connected to pin 1 of the resettable fuse F2 and pin 1 of the resettable fuse F3. Pin 1 of the resettable fuse F2 and pin 1 of the resettable fuse F3 lead to line terminals NET1 and NET2 respectively. The line terminals NET1 and NET2 are connected to the relay switching circuit module. Pin 2 of the resettable fuse F2 and pin 2 of the resettable fuse F3 are connected to line A or line B of the 485 bus.

3. A ship 485 bus polarity adaptation and baud rate adaptation module system according to claim 1, characterized in that The relay switching circuit module includes a relay K1, a protection current limiting resistor R8, a pull-down resistor R9, and a transistor Q1. The 5th pin of the relay K1 is respectively connected to the line terminal NET1 and the 2nd pin of the relay K1, the 7th pin of the relay K1 is respectively connected to the line terminal NET1 and the 4th pin of the relay K1, the 8th pin of the relay K1 is connected to the cth pin of the transistor, the bth pin of the transistor is respectively connected to one end of the protection current limiting resistor R8 and one end of the pull-down resistor R9, the eth pin of the transistor and the other end of the pull-down resistor R9 are grounded, the other end of the protection current limiting resistor R8 leads to an end line RELAY, the lead-out end line RELAY of the protection current limiting resistor R8 is connected to the single-chip computer module, the 6th pin of the relay K1 leads to the line terminal NET3, the 3rd pin of the relay K1 leads to the line terminal NET4, the line terminal NET3 and the line terminal NET4 are respectively connected to the 485 chip-level pull-up and pull-down resistor module and the voltage comparator module, and the 1st pin of the relay K1 is connected to the isolation power supply module.

4. A ship 485 bus polarity adaptation and baud rate adaptation module system according to claim 1, characterized in that The 485 chip-level pull-up and pull-down resistor module includes a protection resistor R18, a protection resistor R1, a pull-up resistor R5, a pull-down resistor R6, a 485 chip U5, and a pull-down resistor R17. One end of the protection resistor R18 leads to a lead terminal NET3, and the lead terminal NET3 of the protection resistor R18 is connected to the lead terminal NET3 of the 6th foot of the relay K1 in the relay switching circuit module. One end of the protection resistor R1 leads to a lead terminal NET4, and the lead terminal NET4 of the protection resistor R1 is connected to the lead terminal NET4 of the 6th foot of the relay K1 in the relay switching circuit module. The other end of the protection resistor R18 is respectively connected to one end of the pull-up resistor R5 and the 6th foot of the 485 chip U5, and the other end of the pull-up resistor R5 is connected to the isolation The power module is connected, the other end of the protection resistor R1 is respectively connected to one end of the pull-down resistor R6 and pin 7 of the 485 chip U5, the other end of the pull-down resistor R6 is grounded, pin 5 of the 485 chip U5 is grounded, pin 8 of the 485 chip U5 is connected to the isolation power module, pin 4 of the 485 chip U5 leads out the terminal line TXD3, pins 2 and 3 of the 485 chip U5 are connected to the lead-out terminal line EN1, the lead-out terminal line EN1 is connected to one end of the pull-down resistor R17, the other end of the pull-down resistor R17 is grounded, pin 1 of the 485 chip U5 leads out the terminal line RXD3, the lead-out terminal line TXD3 of the 485 chip U5, the lead-out terminal line EN1 of the 485 chip U5, and the lead-out terminal line RXD3 of the 485 chip U5 are respectively connected to the digital isolation chip module.

5. A ship 485 bus polarity adaptation and baud rate adaptation module system according to claim 1, characterized in that The voltage comparator module includes a protection current limiting resistor R2, a protection current limiting resistor R3, a differential voltage comparator U2.1, and a pull-up resistor R4. One end of the protection current limiting resistor R2 leads to a lead-out terminal NET3, and the lead-out terminal NET3 of the protection current limiting resistor R2 is connected to the lead-out terminal NET3 of the 6th foot of the relay K1 in the relay switching circuit module. One end of the protection current limiting resistor R3 leads to a lead-out terminal NET4, and the lead-out terminal NET4 of the protection current limiting resistor R3 is connected to the lead-out terminal NET4 of the 6th foot of the relay K1 in the relay switching circuit module. The other end of the protection current limiting resistor R2 is connected to pin 2 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1, the other end of the protection current limiting resistor R3 is connected to pin 3 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1, pin 4 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1 is grounded, pin 1 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1 is connected to one end of the pull-up resistor R4 and then to the lead-out terminal 393-OUT, the other end of the pull-up resistor R4 is connected to pin 8 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1 and then to the isolation power supply module, and the lead-out terminal 393-OUT of the differential voltage comparator U2.1 is connected to the digital isolation chip module.

6. A ship 485 bus polarity adaptation and baud rate adaptation module system according to claim 1, characterized in that The digital isolation chip module is provided with a digital isolation chip U4, wherein the 2nd and 8th pins of the digital isolation chip U4 are grounded, the 3rd pin lead-out line 393-OUT of the digital isolation chip U4 is connected to the lead-out line 393-OUT of the differential voltage comparator U2.1, the 4th pin lead-out line RXD3 of the digital isolation chip U4, the 5th pin lead-out line TXD3 of the digital isolation chip U4, the 6th pin lead-out line EN1 of the digital isolation chip U4, the 1st pin and the 16th pin of the digital isolation chip U4 are respectively connected to the isolation power supply module, the 15th pin and the 9th pin of the digital isolation chip U4 are respectively connected to the GND-MCU, and the 11th pin, the 12th pin, the 13th pin and the 14th pin of the digital isolation chip U4 are respectively connected to the single-chip microcomputer module.

7. A ship 485 bus polarity adaptation and baud rate adaptation module system according to claim 1, characterized in that The single-chip microcomputer module includes a single-chip microcomputer U12 and a pull-down resistor R7. Pin 8 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to pin 14 of a digital isolation chip U4, pin 9 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to pin 12 of the digital isolation chip U4, pin 10 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to pin 13 of the digital isolation chip U4, pin 11 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to pin 11 of the digital isolation chip U4, pin 19 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to one end of the pull-down resistor R7, the other end of the pull-down resistor R7 is grounded, pin 12 of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to a lead-out terminal line RELAY, and the lead-out terminal line RELAY of the single-chip microcomputer U12 is connected to a lead-out terminal line RELAY of a relay switching circuit module.

8. A ship 485 bus polarity adaptation and baud rate adaptation module system according to claim 1, characterized in that The isolated power supply module is provided with an isolated power supply U3, pin 3 of the isolated power supply U3 is grounded, pin 1 of the isolated power supply U3 is connected to GND-MCU, pin 4 of the isolated power supply U3 is respectively connected to pin 8 of the 485 chip U5, pin 8 of the differential voltage comparator U2.1, and pin 1 of the digital isolation chip U4, and pin 2 of the isolated power supply U3 is respectively connected to pin 1 of the relay K1 of the relay switching circuit module and pin 16 of the digital isolation chip U4.

9. A ship 485 bus polarity adaptation and baud rate adaptation module system according to claim 8, characterized in that The 4th pin of the isolation power supply U3 inputs a 5V voltage, and the 2nd pin of the isolation power supply U3 inputs a 3.3V voltage.

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