Hybrid heating heat supply device

Abstract

The invention provides a hybrid heating device, and relates to the technical field of thermoelectric equipment.The hybrid heating device comprises a hybrid heater, the upper end and the lower end of the hybrid heater are communicated with a hot fluid connecting guide pipe, and a cold fluid connecting guide pipe penetrates through the hybrid heater; and a stirring assembly and a gas-liquid collecting assembly are arranged in the mixed heater. The hot fluid connecting guide pipe and the cold fluid connecting guide pipe are connected with the mixed heater, and then liquid is fully mixed through the stirring assembly and the gas-liquid collecting assembly. Therefore, the technical problems that according to an existing efficient heat exchange plate heat exchanger provided in the background technology, corrosive gas in the heat exchanger cannot be automatically exhausted, the time for uniform heat exchange of cold and warm liquid flows in the heat exchanger is long, and the heat exchange effect is low are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of thermoelectric equipment, in particular to a hybrid heating and heat supply device. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of people's living standards, people's material enjoyment and water quality have improved. In order to ensure that people have a comfortable living environment, new requirements have been put forward for the indoor temperature of residents in the northern region in winter, from the previous warmth to the comfort level. This requires the supply and return water temperature of the heating unit to be increased. However, the heating capacity of the heating company is designed according to the warmth parameters. Increasing the heating parameters must reduce the heating area. In the north, heat is insufficient and there are no optional products, so the heat exchange method needs to be changed. When increasing the heating parameters, it does not affect the heating capacity.

[0003] The existing utility model patent CN 219103784 U provides a plate heat exchanger with high efficiency in heat exchange, but the heat exchanger cannot automatically remove the internal corrosive gas, and the internal cold and warm liquid flows take a long time to evenly exchange heat, resulting in a low heat exchange effect. Therefore, in view of the above situation, it is urgent to develop a hybrid heating and heating device to overcome the shortcomings in current practical applications. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a hybrid heating and heat supply device to solve the technical problem raised by the above background technology: an existing high-efficiency heat exchange plate heat exchanger cannot automatically remove the internal corrosive gas, and the internal cold and warm liquid flows take a long time to evenly exchange heat, resulting in low heat exchange effect.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a hybrid heating and heat supply device, which comprises: a hybrid heater, wherein the upper and lower ends of the hybrid heater are respectively connected to a hot fluid connecting conduit, and the upper and lower ends of the hot fluid connecting conduit are respectively connected to an automatic coupling valve, and the hot fluid connecting conduit passes through the hybrid heater and is connected to a fluid conduit, and the fluid conduit is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the hybrid heater, and the other end of the fluid conduit is connected to a plurality of water spray discs, and the cold fluid connecting conduit passes through the hybrid heater, and a stirring component and a gas-liquid collection component are arranged in the hybrid heater.

[0006] Preferably, the stirring assembly includes: a driving motor 1, the fixed end of the driving motor 1 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the bottom end of the hybrid heater, and the output end of the driving motor 1 passes through the hybrid heater and is connected to a rotating shaft 1, and a plurality of stirring rods are fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 1.

[0007] Preferably, the gas-liquid collecting assembly includes: a gas collecting tank, which is fixedly mounted on the top of the hybrid heater, and the gas collecting tank is connected to the hybrid heater through an air guide pipe 1, and the top of the gas collecting tank is connected to an air guide pipe 2, and an automatic emptying valve is fixedly mounted on the air guide pipe 2, the liquid guide pipe is connected to the right end of the hybrid heater, and a temperature sensor is provided on the liquid guide pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the heating device is also connected to a liquid processing mechanism, and the liquid processing mechanism comprises: a processing box, the processing box is connected to the hybrid heater through a liquid conduit, and a liquid mixing component is arranged in the processing box.

[0009] Preferably, the liquid mixing assembly comprises: a limit rod, which is fixedly mounted on the left inner wall of a cavity provided in the processing box, and a long rod is movably connected to the limit rod, the bottom end of the long rod is connected to the driving assembly, and the top end of the long rod passes through the pressurizing chamber provided at the top of the processing box and is fixedly connected to the piston, and the piston is slidably connected to the inner wall of the pressurizing chamber up and down, and a liquid storage chamber is provided at the right end of the pressurizing chamber, and a liquid inlet pipe is provided at the top of the liquid storage chamber, the liquid inlet pipe is connected to an electric valve 1, both ends of a connecting pipe 1 are respectively connected to the pressurizing chamber and the liquid storage chamber, and a reverse flow valve 1 is provided in the connecting pipe 1, one end of a connecting pipe 2 is connected to the pressurizing chamber, and the other end of the connecting pipe 2 is connected to the liquid guide pipe, and a reverse flow valve 2 is provided in the connecting pipe 2.

[0010] Preferably, a liquid impurity filter assembly is also provided in the processing box, and the liquid impurity filter assembly includes: a filter box, the filter box is fixedly mounted on the left bottom end of the cavity, the right end of the liquid guide tube is connected to the filter box, the baffle is fixedly mounted on the left inner wall of the filter box, the filter plate is fixedly mounted on the baffle and the inner wall of the filter box, the electric valve 2 is arranged on the baffle at the left end of the filter plate, the impurity collection box is arranged at the bottom end of the baffle, the left end of the moving rod passes through the filter box and is fixedly connected to the push rod, the right end of the moving rod is fixedly connected to the ball, the fixed plate is fixedly mounted on the moving rod, a set of return springs is arranged on the moving rod between the fixed plate and the filter box, one end of the output pipe is connected to the right bottom end of the filter box, the other end of the output pipe passes through the processing box, and the ball is connected to the driving assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0012] Figure 1A front view of the structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 A diagram of the installation position of a liquid treatment mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the processing box.

[0015] Reference numerals:

[0016] 1. Hybrid heater; 2. Hot fluid connection conduit; 3. Automatic coupling valve; 4. Fluid conduit; 5. Water spray plate; 6. Cold fluid connection conduit; 7. Driving motor 1; 8. Rotating shaft 1; 9. Stirring rod; 10. Gas collecting tank; 11. Air guide pipe 1; 12. Air guide pipe 2; 13. Automatic emptying valve; 14. Liquid guide pipe; 15. Temperature sensor; 16. Processing box; 17. Limit rod; 18. Cavity 1; 19. Long rod; 20. Pressurized chamber; 21. Piston; 22. Liquid inlet pipe; 23. Electric valve 1; 24. Liquid storage chamber; 25. Connecting pipe 1; 26. Countercurrent Valve 1; 27, connecting pipe 2; 28, backflow valve 2; 29, filter box; 30, baffle; 31, filter plate; 32, electric valve 2; 33, impurity collection box; 34, moving rod; 35, ball; 36, output pipe; 37, reset spring 1; 38, rack; 39, reset spring 2; 40, trapezoidal slider; 41, support rod 1; 42, drive motor 2; 43, half gear; 44, gear; 45, support rod 2; 46, rectangular frame; 47, slide groove; 48, reset spring 3; 49, support plate; 50, slide rail; 51, push rod; 52, fixed plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] In addition, in the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and do not specifically refer to the order or sequence, nor are they used to limit the present invention. They are only used to distinguish components or operations described with the same technical terms, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions and technical features between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0019] The present invention provides the following embodiments

[0020] Example 1

[0021] The embodiment of the present invention provides a hybrid heating and heat supply device, such as Figure 1 As shown, a hybrid heating and heat supply device comprises: a hybrid heater 1, wherein the upper and lower ends of the hybrid heater 1 are respectively connected to a hot fluid connecting conduit 2, and the upper and lower ends of the hot fluid connecting conduit 2 are respectively connected to an automatic coupling valve 3, and the hot fluid connecting conduit 2 passes through the hybrid heater 1 and is connected to a fluid conduit 4, and the fluid conduit 4 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the hybrid heater 1, and the other end of the fluid conduit 4 is connected to a plurality of water spray trays 5, a cold fluid connecting conduit 6 passes through the hybrid heater 1, and a stirring component and a gas-liquid collecting component are arranged in the hybrid heater 1.

[0022] Optionally, the stirring assembly includes: a driving motor 7, the fixed end of the driving motor 7 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the bottom end of the hybrid heater 1, and the output end of the driving motor 7 passes through the hybrid heater 1 and is connected to a rotating shaft 8, and a plurality of stirring rods 9 are fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 8.

[0023] Optionally, the gas-liquid collection assembly includes: a gas collecting tank 10, the gas collecting tank 10 is fixedly installed on the top of the hybrid heater 1, and the gas collecting tank 10 is connected to the hybrid heater 1 through an air guide pipe 11, and the top of the gas collecting tank 10 is connected to an air guide pipe 2 12, and an automatic emptying valve 13 is fixedly installed on the air guide pipe 2 12, a liquid guide pipe 14 is connected to the right end of the hybrid heater 1, and a temperature sensor 15 is provided on the liquid guide pipe 14.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: by passing the hot fluid through the hot fluid connecting conduit 2 and then spraying it into the hybrid heater 1 through a plurality of water spray discs 5, while conveying the cold fluid into the hybrid heater 1 through the cold fluid connecting conduit 6, and then starting the driving motor 7, the driving motor 7 starts to drive the rotating shaft 8 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 8 rotates to drive a plurality of stirring rods 9 fixedly connected thereto to rotate, so that the cold and hot flows in the hybrid heater 1 are effectively mixed, and the non-condensed gas after stirring is conveyed to the gas collecting tank 10 through the air guide pipe 11, and then by opening the automatic emptying valve 13, the gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the air guide pipe 2 12, and the mixed fluid is output through the liquid guide pipe 14, and the temperature of the fluid passing through the liquid guide pipe 14 can be detected by the temperature sensor 15. Thus, the technical problem proposed in the background technology that an existing high-efficiency heat exchange plate heat exchanger cannot automatically remove the internal corrosive gas, and the internal cold and warm liquid flows are evenly exchanged for a long time, resulting in low heat exchange effect is effectively improved.

[0025] Example 2

[0026] On the basis of Example 1, Figure 2-3 As shown, the hybrid heating and heat supply device is also connected to a liquid processing mechanism, and the liquid processing mechanism includes: a processing box 16, the processing box 16 is connected to the hybrid heater 1 through a liquid conduit 14, and a liquid mixing component is arranged in the processing box 16.

[0027] Optionally, the liquid mixing assembly includes: a limit rod 17, the limit rod 17 is fixedly mounted on the left inner wall of the cavity 18 provided in the processing box 16, and a long rod 19 is movably connected to the limit rod 17, the bottom end of the long rod 19 is connected to the driving assembly, and the top end of the long rod 19 passes through the pressurized chamber 20 provided at the top of the processing box 16 and is fixedly connected to the piston 21, and the piston 21 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the pressurized chamber 20 up and down, and a liquid storage chamber is provided at the right end of the pressurized chamber 20 24 (the liquid storage chamber 24 is provided with a liquid impurity remover), the top of the liquid storage chamber 24 is provided with a liquid inlet pipe 22, the liquid inlet pipe 22 is connected to an electric valve 1 23, both ends of a connecting pipe 1 25 are respectively connected to the pressurizing chamber 20 and the liquid storage chamber 24, and a reverse flow valve 1 26 is provided in the connecting pipe 1 25, one end of a connecting pipe 2 27 is connected to the pressurizing chamber 20, and the other end of the connecting pipe 2 27 is connected to the liquid guide tube 14, and a reverse flow valve 28 is provided in the connecting pipe 2 27.

[0028] Optionally, the driving assembly includes: a slide rail 50, the slide rail 50 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the right end of the cavity 18, and the left end of the slide rail 50 is slidably connected to a rack 38, a return spring 2 39 is fixedly mounted between the top of the rack 38 and the cavity 18, a trapezoidal slider 40 is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the rack 38, the trapezoidal slider 40 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the cavity 18, and the trapezoidal slider 40 is set to be higher on the left and lower on the right, the top end of the support rod 41 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the cavity 18, and the bottom end of the support rod 41 is fixedly mounted with a fixed end of a drive motor 2 42, the A half gear 43 is fixedly installed at the output end of the driving motor 2 42, and the half gear 43 is meshed with a gear 44. The gear 44 is rotatably connected to a support rod 2 45. The top of the support rod 2 45 is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the cavity 18. A rectangular frame 46 is fixedly installed on the top of the gear 44. A slide groove 47 is provided inside the rectangular frame 46. The slide groove 47 is movably connected to the long rod 19. The top of the reset spring 3 48 is fixedly installed on the rectangular frame 46, and the bottom end of the reset spring 3 48 is fixedly installed on the support plate 49. The left end of the support plate 49 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cavity 18.

[0029] The working principle of the above technical solution is as follows: when it is necessary to process the liquid in the liquid guiding tube 14, firstly start the driving motor 2 42 (the driving motor 2 42 rotates forward and reversely, at which time the driving motor 2 42 only meshes and rotates the gear 44, and does not mesh with the rack 38), the driving motor 2 42 rotates to drive the half gear 43 to rotate accordingly, the half gear 43 rotates to drive the gear 44 meshed therewith to rotate accordingly, the gear 44 rotates to drive the rectangular frame 46 fixedly connected thereto to rotate accordingly, the rectangular frame 46 rotates to drive the long rod 19 movably connected thereto to move up and down accordingly, the long rod 19 moves up and down to drive the piston 21 fixedly connected thereto to move up and down accordingly, when the piston 21 moves downward, the liquid impurity remover in the liquid storage chamber 24 is transported to the pressurizing chamber 20 through the connecting pipe 1 25, and then when the piston 21 moves upward, the liquid impurity remover in the pressurizing chamber 20 is transported to the fluid through the connecting pipe 2 27 and the liquid guiding tube 14 to mix, and then transported to the filter box 29.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: by providing the second drive motor 42 and the half gear 43, it is helpful to realize the rotation and steering of the gear 44; by providing the long rod 19 and the slide groove 47, it is helpful to realize the up and down movement of the piston 21, so as to effectively pressurize the liquid impurity remover delivered to the pressurizing chamber 20, so that the liquid impurity remover is delivered to the liquid guide tube 14 through the connecting tube 27, and is effectively mixed with the water in the liquid guide tube 14; by providing the reverse flow valve 1 26 and the reverse flow valve 2 28, it is helpful to prevent the liquid from flowing back; by providing the liquid inlet pipe 22 and the electric valve 1 23, it is helpful to realize the effective addition of the liquid impurity remover in the liquid storage chamber 24; by providing the reset spring 3 48, it is helpful to realize the reset of the rectangular frame 46, which is very convenient and practical.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] On the basis of Example 1-2, Figure 2-3 As shown, a hybrid heating and heat supply device, the processing box 16 is also provided with a liquid impurity filter assembly, the liquid impurity filter assembly includes: a filter box 29, the filter box 29 is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the left side of the cavity 18, the right end of the liquid guide tube 14 is connected to the filter box 29, the baffle 30 is fixedly mounted on the left inner wall of the filter box 29, the filter plate 31 is fixedly mounted on the baffle 30 and the inner wall of the filter box 29, and the electric valve 2 32 is arranged on the baffle 30 at the left end of the filter plate 31. The impurity collection box 33 is arranged at the bottom end of the baffle 30, the left end of the moving rod 34 passes through the filter box 29 and is fixedly connected to the push rod 51, the right end of the moving rod 34 is fixedly connected to the ball 35, the fixed plate 52 is fixedly installed on the moving rod 34, and the return spring 37 is sleeved on the moving rod 34 between the fixed plate 52 and the filter box 29. One end of the output pipe 36 is connected to the bottom end of the right side of the filter box 29, and the other end of the output pipe 36 passes through the processing box 16, and the ball 35 is connected to the driving assembly.

[0033] The working principle of the above technical solution is as follows: when the liquid impurity remover transported to the filter box 29 and the liquid passing through the liquid guide tube 14 are effectively mixed, the impurities in the liquid will be precipitated, and the impurities will be collected on the filter plate 31. At the same time, the filtered liquid will pass through the filter plate 31 and be output to the outside of the treatment box 16 through the output pipe 36. Then, the drive motor 2 42 is started, and the drive motor 2 42 rotates to drive the half gear 43 meshing with it to rotate, and the half gear 43 rotates to drive (the drive motor 2 42 rotates forward and reversely, and at this time, the drive motor 2 42 only meshes and rotates with the rack 38, and does not mesh with the gear 44) the rack 38 As it moves up and down, the rack 38 moves up and down, driving the trapezoidal slider 40 fixedly connected thereto to move up and down accordingly. The trapezoidal slider 40 moves up and down, driving the ball 35 in contact with it to move left and right accordingly. The left and right movement of the ball 35 drives the moving rod 34 fixedly connected thereto to move left and right accordingly. The left and right movement of the moving rod 34 drives the push rod 51 fixedly connected thereto to move left and right on the filter plate 31 accordingly. At the same time, the switch of the electric valve 2 32 is opened. The left and right movement of the filter plate 31 transports the impurities on the filter plate 31 to the impurity collection box 33 through the electric valve 2 32, thereby effectively collecting the impurities, which is very convenient and practical.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: by setting the slide rail 50, it is conducive to the up and down movement of the rack 38; by setting the reset spring 2 39, it is conducive to the reset of the rack 38; by setting the trapezoidal slider 40, it is conducive to the left and right movement of the ball 35; by setting the reset spring 1 37, it is conducive to the reset of the moving rod 34; by setting the electric valve 2 32, it is conducive to transporting the impurities on the filter plate 31 to the impurity collection box 33 through the baffle 30; by setting the impurity collection box 33, it is conducive to the effective collection of impurities; by setting the filter plate 31, it is conducive to the effective filtering and treatment of impurities in the liquid, which is very convenient and practical.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hybrid heating and heat supply device, characterized in that: The heating device comprises: a hybrid heater (1), wherein the upper and lower ends of the hybrid heater (1) are respectively connected to a hot fluid connecting conduit (2), and the upper and lower ends of the hot fluid connecting conduit (2) are respectively connected to an automatic coupling valve (3), and the hot fluid connecting conduit (2) passes through the hybrid heater (1) and is connected to a fluid conduit (4), and the fluid conduit (4) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the hybrid heater (1), and the other end of the fluid conduit (4) is connected to a plurality of water spray discs (5), and a cold fluid connecting conduit (6) passes through the hybrid heater (1), and a stirring component and a gas-liquid collecting component are arranged inside the hybrid heater (1).

2. A hybrid heating and heat supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that The stirring assembly comprises: a driving motor (7), the fixed end of the driving motor (7) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the bottom end of the hybrid heater (1), and the output end of the driving motor (7) passes through the hybrid heater (1) and is connected to a rotating shaft (8), and a plurality of stirring rods (9) are fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft (8).

3. A hybrid heating and heat supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that The gas-liquid collecting component comprises: a gas collecting tank (10), the gas collecting tank (10) is fixedly mounted on the top of the hybrid heater (1), and the gas collecting tank (10) is connected to the hybrid heater (1) through an air guide pipe 1 (11), and the top of the gas collecting tank (10) is connected to an air guide pipe 2 (12), and an automatic drain valve (13) is fixedly mounted on the air guide pipe 2 (12), and a liquid guide pipe (14) is connected to the right end of the hybrid heater (1), and a temperature sensor (15) is arranged on the liquid guide pipe (14).

4. A hybrid heating and heat supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating device is also connected to a liquid processing mechanism, which comprises a processing box (16), the processing box (16) is connected to the hybrid heater (1) via a liquid conduit (14), and a liquid mixing component is arranged in the processing box (16).

5. A hybrid heating and heat supply device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The liquid mixing assembly comprises: a limit rod (17), the limit rod (17) being fixedly mounted on the left inner wall of a cavity (18) provided in the processing box (16), and a long rod (19) being movably connected to the limit rod (17), the bottom end of the long rod (19) being connected to the driving assembly, and the top end of the long rod (19) passing through the pressurizing cavity (20) provided at the top end of the processing box (16) and being fixedly connected to the piston (21), and the piston (21) being slidably connected to the inner wall of the pressurizing cavity (20) in an up-and-down manner, and the right end of the pressurizing cavity (20) being provided with a A liquid storage chamber (24) is provided, a liquid inlet pipe (22) is provided at the top of the liquid storage chamber (24), the liquid inlet pipe (22) is connected to an electric valve 1 (23), two ends of a connecting pipe 1 (25) are respectively connected to the pressurizing chamber (20) and the liquid storage chamber (24), and a reverse flow valve 1 (26) is provided in the connecting pipe 1 (25), one end of a connecting pipe 2 (27) is connected to the pressurizing chamber (20), and the other end of the connecting pipe 2 (27) is connected to the liquid guide tube (14), and a reverse flow valve 2 (28) is provided in the connecting pipe 2 (27).

6. A hybrid heating and heat supply device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A liquid impurity filter assembly is also provided in the processing box (16), and the liquid impurity filter assembly comprises: a filter box (29), the filter box (29) is fixedly mounted on the left bottom end of the cavity (18), the right end of the liquid guide tube (14) is connected to the filter box (29), a baffle (30) is fixedly mounted on the left inner wall of the filter box (29), a filter plate (31) is fixedly mounted on the baffle (30) and the inner wall of the filter box (29), an electric valve (32) is arranged on the baffle (30) at the left end of the filter plate (31), an impurity collection box (33) is arranged at the bottom end of the baffle (30), and a moving rod (34) is arranged on the baffle (30). The left end passes through the filter box (29) and is fixedly connected to the push rod (51); the right end of the moving rod (34) is fixedly connected to the ball (35); the fixed plate (52) is fixedly installed on the moving rod (34); a return spring (37) is sleeved on the moving rod (34) between the fixed plate (52) and the filter box (29); one end of the output pipe (36) is connected to the right bottom end of the filter box (29); the other end of the output pipe (36) passes through the processing box (16); the ball (35) is connected to a driving component, and the driving component is used to drive the push rod (51) to move left and right to remove impurities on the surface of the filter plate (31).

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