Diaphragm service life detection equipment and method

Abstract

The invention discloses diaphragm service life detection equipment and a diaphragm service life detection method. The diaphragm life detection apparatus includes: a liquid storage portion; the diaphragm testing part is communicated with the liquid storage part through a liquid inlet pipeline, and a flow monitoring piece and a control valve are arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline; the driving part comprises a pressure storage container and a booster pump and is arranged between the liquid storage part and the diaphragm testing part; the electronic scale is arranged below the liquid storage part and is used for monitoring the weight of the liquid in the liquid storage part; wherein the liquid in the liquid storage part is pumped out through the driving part, enters the diaphragm testing part through the liquid inlet pipeline, is used for testing the service life of the diaphragm, and is discharged from the liquid outlet pipeline. The problems that the diaphragm service life testing result is inaccurate and defective diaphragms which do not meet the service life testing requirement flow to the market due to the fact that the error between the numerical value displayed by the flowmeter and the actual numerical value is large can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of diaphragm life detection equipment, and more specifically, relates to a diaphragm life detection equipment and method. Background Art

[0002] As the diaphragm is used for a longer time, it will break and become damaged. The service life of the diaphragm needs to be tested and evaluated before leaving the factory to determine whether the diaphragm meets the quality inspection requirements for service life. Existing diaphragm life testing equipment usually uses water as a medium to simulate the operating conditions and usage of the diaphragm to test the life of the diaphragm, and uses a flow meter for monitoring, thereby achieving control and adjustment of different test water pressures during the diaphragm life testing process. However, the diaphragm life testing equipment may have a problem where the displayed value of the flow meter does not match the actual value, resulting in inaccurate diaphragm life testing. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problem that the displayed value of the flow meter in a diaphragm life detection device does not match the actual value, resulting in inaccurate diaphragm life detection, the present invention aims to provide a diaphragm life detection device, the diaphragm life detection device comprising: a liquid storage part; a diaphragm testing part, connected to the liquid storage part through a liquid inlet pipeline, and a flow monitoring device and a control valve are provided on the liquid inlet pipeline; a driving part, including a pressure storage container and a booster pump, arranged between the liquid storage part and the diaphragm testing part; an electronic scale, arranged below the liquid storage part, for monitoring the weight of the liquid in the liquid storage part; wherein the liquid in the liquid storage part is extracted by the driving part, enters the diaphragm testing part through the liquid inlet pipeline to perform a life test on the diaphragm, and is then discharged from the liquid outlet pipeline.

[0004] Furthermore, the diaphragm life detection device also includes: a reflux pipeline, which is arranged between the liquid inlet pipeline and the liquid storage part, connecting the liquid inlet pipeline and the liquid storage part; wherein a reflux switch is provided on the reflux pipeline.

[0005] Furthermore, the diaphragm life detection equipment includes a plurality of diaphragm testing parts arranged in parallel, and a plurality of liquid inlet channels arranged in parallel and a plurality of liquid discharge channels arranged in parallel are respectively connected at both ends of the plurality of diaphragm testing parts arranged in parallel; wherein the liquid inlet channel is located above the liquid discharge channel; and each of the liquid inlet channels is provided with a corresponding flow monitoring component and a control valve.

[0006] Furthermore, the diaphragm life detection device also includes: a controller, which connects the electronic scale and the flow monitoring component by signal; wherein the controller can calibrate the flow monitoring component according to the change value of the liquid weight obtained by the electronic scale.

[0007] Furthermore, the diaphragm life detection device also includes: a counter, the signal of which is connected to the controller and the driving part, and is used to read the number of tests of the diaphragm testing part.

[0008] Furthermore, the diaphragm life detection device also includes: a display screen, which is signal-connected to the controller and is used to display the flow curve and test times of the liquid inlet pipeline.

[0009] Furthermore, the diaphragm life detection device also includes: an electric heating part, which is connected to the controller by signal and is arranged in the liquid storage part, and is used to adjust the temperature of the liquid entering the diaphragm testing part during the diaphragm life detection.

[0010] Furthermore, the diaphragm life detection device also includes: an alarm device, a signal connection controller, which is used to alarm when the diaphragm is damaged or leaking.

[0011] Furthermore, the driving part is arranged adjacent to the diaphragm testing part.

[0012] Furthermore, the present invention provides a diaphragm life detection method, which uses any diaphragm life detection device as described above, and the diaphragm life detection method includes: S10: turning on the diaphragm life detection device; S20: using a liquid storage part and an electronic scale to calibrate the flow monitoring component; S30: setting temperature, time, and pressure parameters to perform diaphragm testing; S40: after cyclically executing S30 for a preset number of times, if the diaphragm is not leaking or damaged, it is determined that the diaphragm has passed the test.

[0013] Furthermore, the use of the liquid storage part and the electronic scale to calibrate the flow monitoring component includes: the electronic scale obtains the liquid weight change value of the liquid storage part; determines whether the flow monitoring component is accurate based on the liquid weight change value and the second water pressure value displayed by the flow monitoring component; if the difference between the first water pressure value corresponding to the liquid weight change value and the second water pressure value is less than a difference threshold, then it is determined that the displayed value of the flow monitoring component is accurate; if the difference between the first water pressure value corresponding to the liquid weight change value and the second water pressure value is greater than or equal to the difference threshold, then it is determined that the displayed value of the flow monitoring component is inaccurate, and the flow monitoring component is calibrated or replaced.

[0014] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: 1. By setting up a liquid storage part and setting up an electronic scale below the liquid storage part, the first water pressure value that impacts the diaphragm can be calculated based on the change in the weight of the liquid in the liquid storage part obtained by the electronic scale. The second water pressure value is calculated based on the liquid flow obtained by the flowmeter, and then the first water pressure value is compared with the second water pressure value. If the difference between the first water pressure value and the second water pressure value is less than the difference threshold, it means that the error of the flowmeter is within an acceptable range. The flowmeter calibration test is passed, so the diaphragm life test is started. If the difference between the first water pressure value and the second water pressure value is greater than or equal to the difference threshold, it means that the error of the flowmeter is large. In order to ensure the accuracy of the diaphragm life test results, the flowmeter must be calibrated or replaced before the diaphragm life test is performed. This can avoid a large error between the value displayed by the flowmeter and the actual value, resulting in inaccurate diaphragm life test results, and defective diaphragms that do not meet the life test requirements flow into the market, causing hidden dangers.

[0015] 2. Through multiple diaphragm test sections set in parallel, multiple products can be tested at the same time, and the detection efficiency within one detection cycle is greatly improved.

[0016] 3. By setting an electric heating part connected to the controller signal in the liquid storage part, the temperature of the liquid entering the diaphragm testing part can be adjusted by the electric heating part, thereby simulating the use scenarios of the diaphragm at different temperatures, thereby meeting various time application scenarios of the diaphragm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a diaphragm life detection device provided by the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the internal liquid storage part, liquid inlet pipeline, and liquid outlet pipeline of the middle diaphragm life detection equipment; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the internal drive unit of the diaphragm life detection equipment; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the internal liquid storage part and electronic scale of the diaphragm life detection equipment.

[0018] In the figure: 10. Liquid storage unit; 20. Liquid inlet pipeline; 30. Liquid outlet pipeline; 41. Pressure storage container; 42. Booster pump; 50. Electronic scale; 60. Reflux pipeline; 61. Reflux switch; 70. Display screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention, and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

[0020] See also Figure 1 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a diaphragm life detection device provided by the present invention. Figures 1 to 4 , the diaphragm life detection equipment, for example, includes: a liquid storage part 10, a diaphragm test part (not shown in the figure), a drive part, and an electronic scale 50. Among them, the diaphragm test part is connected to the liquid storage part 10 through the liquid inlet pipeline 20, and the liquid inlet pipeline 20 is provided with a flow monitoring component and a control valve; the drive part includes a pressure storage container 41 and a booster pump 42, and the drive part is arranged between the liquid storage part 10 and the diaphragm test part, and is used to pump the liquid in the liquid storage part 10 into the liquid inlet pipeline 20; the electronic scale 50 is arranged below the liquid storage part 10, and is used to monitor the weight of the liquid in the liquid storage part 10. Specifically, the liquid in the liquid storage part 10 is extracted through the pressure storage container 41, and is pressurized by the booster pump 42; it enters the diaphragm test part through the liquid inlet pipeline 20 to perform a life test on the diaphragm, and is finally discharged from the liquid outlet pipeline 30. For example, the liquid storage part 10 is a water tank, and the liquid in the liquid storage part 10 is water; the pressure storage container 41 is a pressure tank; the flow monitoring component is a flow meter; and the control valve is a solenoid valve.

[0021] Preferably, the liquid storage part 10 is not connected to the liquid outlet pipeline 30, and the water discharged from the liquid outlet pipeline 30 is directly discharged, thereby avoiding the problem of inaccurate weighing results of the electronic scale 50 caused by the liquid storage part 10 being connected to the liquid outlet pipeline 30.

[0022] It is understandable that by setting up a liquid storage part 10 and setting up an electronic scale 50 below the liquid storage part 10, the first water pressure value that impacts the diaphragm can be calculated based on the change in the weight of the liquid in the liquid storage part 10 obtained by the electronic scale 50. The second water pressure value is calculated based on the liquid flow obtained by the flowmeter, and then the first water pressure value is compared with the second water pressure value. If the difference between the first water pressure value and the second water pressure value is less than the difference threshold, it means that the error of the flowmeter is within an acceptable range, and the flowmeter passes the calibration test, so the diaphragm life test is started. If the difference between the first water pressure value and the second water pressure value is greater than or equal to the difference threshold, it means that the error of the flowmeter is large. In order to ensure the accuracy of the diaphragm life test results, the flowmeter must be calibrated or replaced before the diaphragm life test is performed. This can avoid a large error between the value displayed by the flowmeter and the actual value, resulting in inaccurate diaphragm life test results, and defective diaphragms that do not meet the life test requirements flow into the market, causing hidden dangers.

[0023] Furthermore, the diaphragm life detection device also includes: a reflux pipeline 60, which is arranged between the liquid inlet pipeline 20 and the liquid storage part 10, connecting the liquid inlet pipeline 20 and the liquid storage part 10; wherein, a reflux switch 61 is provided on the reflux pipeline 60.

[0024] It can be understood that by setting a return line 60 connected to the liquid inlet line 20 and the liquid storage part 10 between the liquid inlet line 20 and the liquid storage part 10, it can protect the pressure storage container 41 and the boosting pump 42, thereby ensuring that the liquid circuit of the diaphragm life detection equipment can operate stably.

[0025] Furthermore, the diaphragm life detection device includes a plurality of diaphragm test parts arranged in parallel, a plurality of liquid inlet channels arranged in parallel and a plurality of liquid discharge channels arranged in parallel are respectively connected to the two ends of the plurality of diaphragm test parts arranged in parallel; wherein the liquid inlet channel is located above the liquid discharge channel; and each liquid inlet channel is provided with a corresponding flow monitoring component and a control valve. For example, an opening for liquid to pass through is provided on the diaphragm, and when the diaphragm life detection device is tested, the test liquid in the pipeline flows out from the liquid inlet channel above the diaphragm test part, impacts the diaphragm to be tested installed at the diaphragm test part, and then flows through the opening for liquid to pass through on the diaphragm, and then is discharged from the liquid outlet pipeline 30 below the diaphragm test part.

[0026] It is understandable that, compared with a diaphragm life detection device having only one diaphragm test unit, a plurality of diaphragm test units arranged in parallel enable the diaphragm life detection device to test multiple diaphragms at the same time, greatly improving the detection efficiency within one detection cycle. For example, the diaphragm life detection device includes five diaphragm test units arranged in parallel.

[0027] Furthermore, the diaphragm life detection device also includes: a controller, which connects the electronic scale 50 and the flow monitoring component by signal; wherein the controller can calibrate the flow monitoring component according to the change value of the liquid weight obtained by the electronic scale 50.

[0028] It can be understood that by setting the controller signal to connect the electronic scale 50 and the flow monitoring device, the controller can calculate the first water pressure value that impacts the diaphragm based on the change in liquid weight obtained by the electronic scale 50; the controller can calculate the second water pressure value based on the liquid flow obtained by the flow meter, and then the controller can automatically determine whether the flow meter is accurate and whether the flow meter needs to be calibrated and replaced based on the difference between the first water pressure value and the second water pressure value.

[0029] Furthermore, the diaphragm life detection device also includes: a counter, the signal of which is connected to the controller and the driving unit, and is used to read the test times of the diaphragm testing unit. For example, each time the diaphragm testing unit completes a test, the test times of the counter are +1; the test times displayed by the diaphragm testing unit are the cumulative test times.

[0030] It is understandable that by setting a counter connected to the controller and the drive unit signal, the test times of the diaphragm test unit can be monitored in real time. For example, when the cumulative test times displayed by the diaphragm test unit reaches 10,000 times, that is, the diaphragm to be tested has no damage or leakage after 10,000 tests, it means that the diaphragm has passed the life test and the diaphragm life test is qualified. Through long-term cycle testing, simulating the actual application of the diaphragm, the reliability and durability of the diaphragm can be better verified.

[0031] Furthermore, the diaphragm life detection device also includes: a display screen 70 and a signal connection controller for displaying the flow curve and test times of the liquid inlet pipeline 20.

[0032] It can be understood that by setting up a display screen 70 connected to the controller signal, the flow curve and test number of the liquid inlet pipeline 20 can be clearly displayed through the display screen 70. The tester only needs to know the test status of each diaphragm, whether any diaphragm is damaged or leaking, and the current test number intuitively according to the flow curve on the display screen 70.

[0033] Furthermore, the diaphragm life detection device also includes: an electric heating unit, and a signal connection controller. The electric heating unit is arranged in the liquid storage unit 10, and is used to adjust the temperature of the liquid entering the diaphragm test unit during the diaphragm life detection. For example, when the diaphragm to be tested is used in a coffee machine or a water heater, the temperature of the liquid entering the diaphragm test unit needs to be heated by the electric heating unit to simulate the high-temperature use condition of the diaphragm in the coffee machine or the water heater. If the diaphragm to be tested is used in a washing machine, there is no need to turn on the electric heater for heating.

[0034] It can be understood that by providing an electric heating part connected to the controller signal in the liquid storage part 10, the temperature of the liquid entering the diaphragm testing part can be adjusted by the electric heating part, thereby simulating the use scenarios of the diaphragm at different temperatures, thereby meeting the needs of various test application conditions of the diaphragm.

[0035] Furthermore, the diaphragm life detection device also includes: an alarm device, a signal connection controller, which is used to alarm when the diaphragm is damaged or leaking. For example, the alarm device can be a signal light on the display screen 70, and when the diaphragm is detected to be damaged or leaking, the signal light will start to flash; in addition, the alarm device can also be a prompt message on the display screen 70, and when the diaphragm is detected to be damaged or leaking, the words "diaphragm damaged or leaked" will appear on the display screen 70; of course, the alarm device can also be a speaker, and when the diaphragm is detected to be damaged or leaking, the alarm device will emit an alarm prompt sound of diaphragm damage or leakage.

[0036] It is understandable that, by providing a controller connected to the controller signal, when damage or leakage of the diaphragm is detected, an audible and visual alarm signal can be promptly issued to remind the tester to take corresponding measures in time.

[0037] Furthermore, the driving part is arranged adjacent to the diaphragm testing part. For example, the internal partitioning arrangement of the diaphragm life detection device, the electronic control component and the display screen 70 are arranged in the left half of the diaphragm life detection device, the driving part is arranged in the right half of the diaphragm life detection device, the liquid storage part 10, the diaphragm testing part, the liquid inlet pipeline 20, the liquid outlet pipeline 30, the return pipeline 60 and the electronic scale 50 are located in the middle area of ​​the diaphragm life detection device, and the cabinet door in the middle area of ​​the diaphragm life detection device is made of acrylic material. Further, the present invention provides a diaphragm life detection method. The diaphragm life detection method uses any of the diaphragm life detection devices described above, and the diaphragm life detection method, for example, includes the following steps: S10: Turn on the diaphragm life detection device; S20: Use the liquid storage part 10 and the electronic scale 50 to calibrate the flow monitoring component; S30: Set the temperature, time, and pressure parameters to perform the diaphragm test; S40: After executing S30 for a preset number of times in a cycle, if the diaphragm is not leaking or damaged, it is determined that the diaphragm has passed the test. For example, the preset number of times is ten thousand times; if leakage or damage of the diaphragm is detected, it is determined that the diaphragm has failed the test; if no leakage or damage of the diaphragm is detected, the diaphragm test is executed in a loop until the cumulative number of tests reaches the preset number of times.

[0038] It is understandable that after turning on the diaphragm life detection equipment, the flow monitoring component is first calibrated using the liquid storage part 10 and the electronic scale 50, so that whether the value displayed by the flow monitoring component is accurate can be judged based on the change in the liquid weight of the liquid storage part 10, thereby avoiding a large error between the value displayed by the flow meter and the actual value, resulting in inaccurate diaphragm life test results, and defective diaphragms that do not meet the life test requirements will flow into the market, causing hidden dangers.

[0039] Furthermore, using the liquid storage part 10 and the electronic scale 50 to calibrate the flow monitoring component includes: the electronic scale 50 obtains the liquid weight change value of the liquid storage part 10; judging whether the flow monitoring component is accurate based on the liquid weight change value and the second water pressure value displayed by the flow monitoring component; if the difference between the first water pressure value and the second water pressure value corresponding to the liquid weight change value is less than the difference threshold, then it is determined that the displayed value of the flow monitoring component is accurate; if the difference between the first water pressure value and the second water pressure value corresponding to the liquid weight change value is greater than or equal to the difference threshold, then it is determined that the displayed value of the flow monitoring component is inaccurate, and the flow monitoring component is calibrated or replaced.

[0040] Furthermore, when the difference between the first water pressure value and the second water pressure value is greater than or equal to the difference threshold, the alarm device will also send out an audible and visual alarm signal to prompt the tester to calibrate or replace the flow monitoring component in time.

[0041] It is understandable that by setting the controller signal to connect the electronic scale 50 and the flow monitoring component, the controller can calculate the first water pressure value that impacts the diaphragm according to the change value of the liquid weight obtained by the electronic scale 50, and calculate the second water pressure value according to the change value of the liquid flow obtained by the flow meter; and then judge whether the flow meter is accurate and whether it needs to be calibrated and replaced according to the difference between the first water pressure value and the second water pressure value. If the difference between the first water pressure value and the second water pressure value is less than the difference threshold, it means that the error between the displayed value and the actual value of the flow monitoring component is within an acceptable range, so it is determined that the displayed value of the flow monitoring component is accurate, and the diaphragm test can be started directly; if the difference between the first water pressure value and the second water pressure value is greater than or equal to the difference threshold, it means that the error between the displayed value and the actual value of the flow monitoring component is large, so before starting the diaphragm test, the flow monitoring component needs to be calibrated or replaced.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, the temperature range of the diaphragm test is 50° C.-70° C.; the test time of the diaphragm test is 3 seconds for pressurization and 3 seconds for pressure relief; and the test pressure range is 1.5 bar-10 bar.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0044] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field and related fields without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The structures, devices and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention are implemented according to the conventional means in the field unless otherwise specified and limited.

Claims

1. A diaphragm life detection device, characterized in that: The diaphragm life detection equipment comprises: Liquid storage part(10); A diaphragm testing portion, which is in communication with the liquid storage portion (10) via a liquid inlet pipeline (20), wherein a flow monitoring component and a control valve are provided on the liquid inlet pipeline (20); A driving unit, comprising a pressure storage container (41) and a booster pump (42), and arranged between the liquid storage unit (10) and the diaphragm testing unit; An electronic scale (50), arranged below the liquid storage portion (10), and used to monitor the weight of the liquid in the liquid storage portion (10); The liquid in the liquid storage part (10) is extracted through the driving part, enters the diaphragm testing part through the liquid inlet pipeline (20) to perform a life test on the diaphragm, and is then discharged from the liquid outlet pipeline (30).

2. The diaphragm life detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diaphragm life detection device also includes: A reflux pipeline (60) is arranged between the liquid inlet pipeline (20) and the liquid storage portion (10), and connects the liquid inlet pipeline (20) and the liquid storage portion (10); Wherein, a reflux switch (61) is provided on the reflux pipeline (60).

3. The diaphragm life detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diaphragm life detection equipment includes a plurality of diaphragm testing parts arranged in parallel, a plurality of liquid inlet channels arranged in parallel and a plurality of liquid discharge channels arranged in parallel are respectively connected at two ends of the plurality of diaphragm testing parts arranged in parallel; wherein the liquid inlet channel is located above the liquid discharge channel; each of the liquid inlet channels is provided with a corresponding flow monitoring component and a control valve.

4. The diaphragm life detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diaphragm life detection device further comprises: a controller, which connects the electronic scale (50) and the flow monitoring component via a signal; wherein the controller is capable of calibrating the flow monitoring component according to the change value of the liquid weight obtained by the electronic scale (50).

5. The diaphragm life detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diaphragm life detection device also includes: The counter has a signal connected to the controller and the driving unit, and is used to read the number of tests performed by the diaphragm testing unit.

6. The diaphragm life detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The diaphragm life detection device also includes: A display screen (70) is signal-connected to the controller and is used to display the flow curve and test times of the liquid inlet pipeline (20).

7. The diaphragm life detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diaphragm life detection device also includes: The electric heating part is connected to the controller by signal, is arranged in the liquid storage part (10), and is used to adjust the temperature of the liquid entering the diaphragm testing part during the diaphragm life detection.

8. The diaphragm life detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diaphragm life detection device also includes: The alarm device, whose signal is connected to the controller, is used to give an alarm when the diaphragm is damaged or leaking.

9. The diaphragm life detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving part is disposed adjacent to the diaphragm testing part.

10. A diaphragm life detection method, characterized in that: The diaphragm life detection method uses the diaphragm life detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the diaphragm life detection method includes: S10: Turn on the diaphragm life detection equipment; S20: using the liquid storage unit (10) and the electronic scale (50) to calibrate the flow monitoring component; S30: Set the temperature, time and pressure parameters to perform diaphragm testing; S40: After S30 is executed for a preset number of times, if the diaphragm is not leaking or damaged, it is determined that the diaphragm has passed the test.

11. The diaphragm life detection method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The method of using the liquid storage part (10) and the electronic scale (50) to calibrate the flow monitoring component comprises: The electronic scale (50) obtains the weight change value of the liquid in the liquid storage part (10); Determining whether the flow monitoring component is accurate according to the liquid weight change value and the second water pressure value displayed by the flow monitoring component; If the difference between the first water pressure value corresponding to the liquid weight change value and the second water pressure value is less than the difference threshold, the displayed value of the flow monitoring device is determined to be accurate; if the difference between the first water pressure value corresponding to the liquid weight change value and the second water pressure value is greater than or equal to the difference threshold, the displayed value of the flow monitoring device is determined to be inaccurate, and the flow monitoring device is calibrated or replaced.

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