Cooler used for vehicle-mounted transformer and provided with sub-cavity and railway vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a cooler used for a vehicle-mounted transformer and provided with a sub-cavity and a railway vehicle. A shell of the cooler is provided with a cooler liquid inlet and a cooler liquid outlet. The interior of the cooling liquid shell is divided into K1 + 1 sub-cavities, the first sub-cavity is provided with a cooling liquid inlet connected with a cooler liquid inlet, the (K1 + 1) th sub-cavity is provided with a cooling liquid outlet connected with a cooler liquid outlet, the ith sub-cavity is connected with the (i + 1) th sub-cavity through the ith cooling pipe set, and the (i + 1) th sub-cavity is connected with the (i + 1) th sub-cavity through the (i + 1) th cooling pipe set. Therefore, the cooler liquid inlet, the first sub-cavity, the second sub-cavity,..., the (K1 + 1) th sub-cavity and the cooler liquid outlet are communicated in sequence; each cooling pipe in the ith cooling pipe group is arranged between the ith area and the (i + 1) th area in a crossing manner; at least part of each cooling pipe in the cooling pipe set is located on the outer side of the cooler shell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a cooler for a vehicle-mounted transformer and having a sub-cavity and a rail vehicle, belonging to the field of rail transportation. Background Art

[0002] The traction transformer for rail transit vehicles is installed on the train and is used to convert high voltage electricity (such as 25kV high voltage electricity of the contact network) into various low voltage electricity required by the traction system and auxiliary systems. It is the power source of the rail vehicle and the core and key component of the traction system.

[0003] Existing rail transit vehicle traction transformers usually use cooling fans to force ventilation. The traction transformer cooling system usually includes filters, coolers, fans and motors. During operation, the cooling fan impeller rotates under the drive of the motor, forcing the cooling air to flow through the filter and cooler in turn. Figure 1 As shown, the coolant of the vehicle transformer box 20 (also referred to as the traction transformer body) enters the cooler 10 through the coolant outlet 20B of the vehicle transformer box 20, the liquid outlet pipe 301, and the cooler liquid inlet 1A, and the coolant (such as transformer oil) performs heat exchange with the cooling air in the cooler. The cooled coolant then flows back to the traction transformer body oil tank (i.e., the vehicle transformer box 20) through the cooler liquid outlet 1B, the liquid inlet pipe 302, and the coolant inlet 20A in sequence, and performs heat exchange among various components in the oil tank, and continues to cool components such as the transformer coil structure, and in this cycle, the traction transformer is cooled.

[0004] The disadvantages of the above prior art include: 1) The cooling of the traction transformer relies on the power supply to drive the rotating motor, which drives the fan impeller for forced ventilation to achieve cooling of the transformer cooling medium. Although the cooling power is large, the fan aerodynamic noise is large, and the fan motor drive consumes a large driving power; 2) The cooler generally adopts a dense fin form, which is easy to be blocked during operation. The cooler and filter need to be blown or washed with water in a short period of time (about 3-30 days); at the same time, the fan motor needs to replace the bearing regularly. Therefore, the inspection and maintenance work is more and the whole life cycle cost is higher; 3) The cooling system includes filters, coolers, cooling fans and motors, fan protection devices, etc. The system has many components, high costs, and increased probability of failure. Summary of the invention

[0005] The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the cooling method of forced ventilation of the cooling fan used in the existing rail transit vehicle traction transformer causes the fan to have large aerodynamic noise, large power consumption and frequent cooler maintenance. A cooler with a sub-cavity for an on-board transformer is provided.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a cooler for an on-board transformer and having sub-cavities, wherein the cooler (10) shell has a cooler liquid inlet (1A) and a cooler liquid outlet (1B); the cooler (10) shell is divided into K1+1 sub-cavities, K1≥2; the first sub-cavity (C_1) has a coolant inlet (1A1) connected to the cooler liquid inlet (1A), and the K1+1 sub-cavity (C_K1+1) has a coolant inlet (1A1) connected to the cooler liquid outlet (1B). outlet (1B1), the i-th sub-cavity is connected to the i+1-th sub-cavity through the i-th cooling tube group, and the K1-th sub-cavity is connected to the K1+1-th sub-cavity through the K1-th cooling tube group, so that the cooler liquid inlet (1A), the first sub-cavity (C_1), the second sub-cavity (C_2), ..., the K1+1-th sub-cavity (C_K1+1), and the cooler liquid outlet (1B) are connected in sequence; 1≤i≤K1-1; at least part of the cooling tube (101) in the cooling tube group is located outside the cooler (10) shell.

[0007] In the present invention, according to the above scheme, the coolant entering the shell passes through the cooler inlet, the first sub-cavity, the second sub-cavity, ..., the K1+1th sub-cavity, and the cooler outlet in sequence, and the cooling pipe located at least partially outside the cooler shell can be cooled by the outside air that contacts the cooling pipe during the vehicle's movement, so that the contact path between the coolant in the shell and the external air flow field is increased, and the heat exchange is more sufficient, and the coolant passing through each cooling pipe of each cooling pipe group is mixed in the next sub-cavity, so that the internal coolant temperature distribution is more uniform, and the cooling capacity is improved. Through the above technical scheme of the present invention, since the running wind of the vehicle can cool the cooling pipe, the form of forced ventilation cooling can be omitted, so that the wind side power system and filtration system such as the fan, filter, and shock absorber can be eliminated, the structure of the entire on-board transformer is simplified, the noise is reduced, the power consumed by the fan is reduced, the maintenance cost is reduced, and the probability of cooling system failure is reduced.

[0008] In the above technical solution: In the first direction, the i-th sub-cavity is arranged adjacent to the i+2-th sub-cavity; In the second direction, the i-th sub-cavity is disposed adjacent to the i+1-th sub-cavity, and the K1-th sub-cavity is disposed adjacent to the K1+1-th sub-cavity; The projection of the i-th sub-cavity in the first direction and the projection of the i+1-th sub-cavity in the first direction at least have an overlapping portion; The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the first direction is any one of the length direction, width direction, and height direction of the cooler (10); In a preferred technical solution, the extension direction of the projection of the cooling tube (101) in the cooling tube group on the first plane is parallel to the second direction; and the first plane is parallel to both the first direction and the second direction.

[0009] During research, the applicant discovered that when a larger number of sub-cavities are formed by division, the number of corresponding cooling tube groups is also larger, which can make the heat exchange path between the coolant and the running air longer, and achieve a better cooling effect. However, if the sub-cavities are arranged in sequence along one direction of the shell, the size of the cooler will be significantly increased, and the weight of the cooler will be increased, which is not conducive to the layout and miniaturization requirements of the cooler. Compared with the scheme in which each sub-cavity is arranged in sequence along one direction, according to the above scheme of the present invention, the layout of each sub-cavity is reasonable, and the size of the coolant container in the first direction and the second direction can be fully utilized, avoiding the cooler from being too large in one direction. The present invention accommodates more sub-cavities in a unit space, achieves a better cooling effect of the coolant, and while separating more sub-cavities, it can also avoid the cooler from being too large in size.

[0010] In the above technical solution, each cooling tube group includes at least one cooling tube unit, each cooling tube unit includes at least two cooling tubes (101) arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, and in each cooling tube unit, the cooling tube (101) located on the outside is arranged around the outside of the adjacent cooling tube (101) located on the inside. When there are at least two cooling tube units, each cooling tube unit is arranged at intervals in the first direction.

[0011] In the preferred technical solution, the number of cooling tube units connected to the 1st sub-cavity (C_1) and the number of cooling tube units connected to the K1+1th sub-cavity (C_K1+1) are both M, and the number of cooling tube units connected to other sub-cavities is not less than 2×M, and M≥1.

[0012] In the present invention, according to the above scheme, by setting the number of cooling tube units connected to the sub-cavities, the arrangement of the cooling tube group and the arrangement of the sub-cavities are more reasonable, and the space in the coolant housing is effectively utilized.

[0013] In the above technical solution, when the on-board transformer is installed on a vehicle, the first direction is parallel to the length direction of the vehicle (100); a plane perpendicular to the first direction is defined as the second plane; The total number of cooling tube units of each cooling tube group is K2; K2 is an odd number or an even number, K2 ≥ 2; in the length direction of the vehicle (100), the first cooling tube unit (U_1), the second cooling tube unit, ..., the K2th cooling tube unit are arranged in sequence in the first direction.

[0014] In a preferred technical solution, the ua-th cooling tubes (101) of each cooling tube unit are correspondingly arranged in the first direction; When K2 is an odd number, at least a portion of the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j1+1th cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j1th cooling tube unit on the second plane, 1≤j1≤[(K2+1) / 2]-1; at least a portion of the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j2th cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j2+1th cooling tube unit on the second plane, (K2+1) / 2≤j2≤K2-1; When K2 is 2, at least a portion of the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the second cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the first cooling tube unit on the second plane; at least a portion of the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the first cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the second cooling tube unit on the second plane; When K2 is an even number greater than or equal to 4, at least a portion of the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j3+1th cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j3th cooling tube unit on the second plane, 1≤j3≤(K2 / 2)-1; at least a portion of the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j4th cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j4+1th cooling tube unit on the second plane, (K2 / 2)+1≤j4≤K2-1; Wherein, ua=1,2,...,UA; UA is the number of cooling pipes (101) in the cooling pipe unit, and UA≥2.

[0015] According to the above scheme of the present invention, for example, when K2 is an odd number, when looking from the 1st cooling tube to the K2th cooling tube along the first direction, from the 1st cooling tube unit to the (K2+1) / 2th cooling tube unit, at least a portion of the cooling tubes in the next cooling tube unit will not be blocked by the previous corresponding cooling tubes, so that the running wind can blow to the cooling tubes in the next cooling tube unit. When looking from the K2th cooling tube to the 1st cooling tube along the first direction, from the K2th cooling tube unit to the (K2+1) / 2th cooling tube unit, at least a portion of the cooling tubes in the next cooling tube unit will not be blocked by the previous corresponding cooling tubes, so that the running wind can blow to the cooling tubes in the next cooling tube unit. For the case where K2 is an even number, the principle is similar. Through the above arrangement, no matter which direction the vehicle is traveling, the air flow during the movement of the vehicle can flow from the cooling pipe unit located at the front in the direction of movement of the vehicle to the cooling pipe unit behind it, thereby avoiding the problem of the cooling pipe in front completely blocking the cooling pipe behind, so that the cooling pipes of each cooling pipe unit from the front to the middle in the direction of movement of the vehicle can all come into contact with the flowing air head-on, thereby achieving better heat dissipation and cooling effects.

[0016] In a more preferred technical solution: When K2 is an odd number, the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j1+1th cooling tube unit on the second plane accommodates the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j1th cooling tube unit on the second plane; the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j2th cooling tube unit on the second plane accommodates the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j2+1th cooling tube unit on the second plane; When K2 is an even number greater than or equal to 4, the projection of the ua th cooling tube (101) of the j3+1 th cooling tube unit on the second plane accommodates the projection of the ua th cooling tube (101) of the j3 th cooling tube unit on the second plane; the projection of the ua th cooling tube (101) of the j4 th cooling tube unit on the second plane accommodates the projection of the ua th cooling tube (101) of the j4+1 th cooling tube unit on the second plane.

[0017] According to the above scheme of the present invention, the cooling pipe in the rear cooling pipe unit will not be completely blocked by the corresponding cooling pipe in the front, thereby avoiding the problem of the front cooling pipe completely blocking the rear cooling pipe, so that the cooling pipes of each cooling pipe unit from the front to the middle in the direction of vehicle travel can come into contact with the flowing air head-on, achieving better heat dissipation and cooling effect.

[0018] In the preferred technical solution, K2≥4; When K2 is an odd number, the spacing between adjacent cooling tube units increases from the 1st cooling tube unit (U_1) to the (K2+1) / 2nd cooling tube unit, and decreases from the (K2+1) / 2nd cooling tube unit to the K2nd cooling tube unit. When K2 is 4, the spacing between the first cooling tube unit (U_1) and the second cooling tube unit, and the spacing between the third cooling tube unit and the fourth cooling tube unit are both smaller than the spacing between the second cooling tube unit and the third cooling tube unit; When K2 is an even number greater than or equal to 6, the spacing between adjacent cooling tube units increases from the 1st cooling tube unit (U_1) to the (K2 / 2)+1th cooling tube unit, and decreases from the K2 / 2th cooling tube unit to the K2th cooling tube unit.

[0019] During the research, the applicant found that the cooling tube unit located in the front in the direction of vehicle travel faces a higher wind speed, which makes the cooling effect better. Since the cooling tube unit in the front also blocks the air, the cooling tube unit located in the rear in the direction of vehicle travel faces a lower wind speed, which affects the cooling and heat dissipation effect of the cooling tube closer to the rear of the vehicle in the direction of travel. According to the above scheme of the present invention, when K2 is an odd number, when the first cooling tube unit is located at the front in the direction of vehicle travel, from the first cooling tube unit to the (K2+1) / 2 cooling tube unit, the spacing between the cooling tube units closer to the rear in the direction of vehicle travel is larger, so that the air resistance is smaller, and the larger spacing can take in more air entering from the side, making up for the problem of the reduced intermediate cooling wind speed, so that the cooling tube closer to the rear of the vehicle in the direction of travel can contact with more air entering from the side, ensuring the cooling effect. When the K2th cooling pipe unit is located at the front in the direction of vehicle travel, from the K2th cooling pipe unit to the (K2+1) / 2th cooling pipe unit, the spacing between the cooling pipe units closer to the rear in the direction of vehicle travel is larger, which also ensures the cooling effect of the cooling pipes closer to the rear of the vehicle in the direction of travel. When K2 is an even number, the principle is similar.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the cooler liquid inlet (1A) and the cooler liquid outlet (1B) are respectively connected to the coolant outlet (20B) and the coolant inlet (20A) of the vehicle-mounted transformer box (20).

[0021] In the above technical solution, in each cooling tube (101) of at least one cooling tube unit, the spacing between adjacent cooling tubes (101) increases sequentially from the outside to the inside.

[0022] In the present invention, according to the above solution, the wind speed distribution between different cooling pipes in the same cooling pipe unit can be balanced.

[0023] In the above technical solution, in each cooling tube (101) of at least one cooling tube unit, the inner diameter of each cooling tube (101) increases sequentially from the inside to the outside; When the length of the pipeline is longer, the fluid resistance is greater. Since the pipeline of the cooling pipe located on the outside of the same cooling pipe unit is longer than that of the cooling pipe located on the inside, the fluid resistance of the pipeline located on the outside is greater. The coolant in the same sub-cavity tends to flow to the cooling pipe on the inside with less resistance, resulting in uneven distribution of the coolant in each cooling pipe in the same cooling pipe unit. Through the above scheme of the present invention, the inner diameter of the cooling pipe located on the outside is made larger, thereby reducing the fluid resistance of the cooling pipe on the outside, making the distribution of the coolant in each cooling pipe in the same cooling pipe unit more balanced.

[0024] In a preferred technical solution, the product of D_n and L_n is a fixed value, and the fixed value is a preset constant; n=1, 2, ..., N; N is the number of cooling tubes (101) in the at least one cooling tube unit; D_n and L_n are respectively the inner diameter and the length of the nth cooling tube (101) in the at least one cooling tube unit.

[0025] In the above technical solution, in each cooling tube (101) of at least one cooling tube unit, the tube wall thickness of each cooling tube (101) increases sequentially from the inside to the outside.

[0026] In the same cooling tube unit, the cantilever length of the cooling tube located on the outside is longer than that of the cooling tube located on the inside. According to the above scheme of the present invention, different cantilever lengths and the tube wall thickness of the cooling tube are reasonably adapted to ensure the mechanical strength of each cooling tube under vibration and impact, reduce the weight of the entire cooling tube, and improve the ability of the outer cooling tube to resist foreign matter impact.

[0027] In the above technical solution, the cooler (10) comprises a box body (11), a substrate (12) covering the box body (11), and the cooling tube (101); the box body (11) is divided to form the K1+1 sub-cavities; the cooler liquid inlet (1A) and the cooler liquid outlet (1B) are provided on the box body (11); through holes corresponding to the sizes of the cooling tubes (101) are provided on the substrate (12); and both ends of each cooling tube (101) are connected to the corresponding sub-cavity after passing through the corresponding through holes.

[0028] According to the above solution of the present invention, each cooling pipe is supported and fixed conveniently by opening a through hole on the substrate.

[0029] According to the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a rail vehicle, comprising the above-mentioned cooler, wherein the on-board transformer is a traction transformer of the rail vehicle.

[0030] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention proposes a cooler for a vehicle-mounted traction transformer, which is suitable for a vehicle-mounted transformer of rail transit. The present invention utilizes the traction transformer and the surrounding running wind when the vehicle is running to cool the traction transformer, fully considers the distribution characteristics of the running wind flow field of the whole vehicle, and conducts an innovative design of the cooler, which has high running wind utilization rate, high heat dissipation efficiency, low noise, easy maintenance, and low maintenance cost. It is particularly suitable for the case where the transformer is arranged under the vehicle with complex flow field and wind speed distribution. By adopting the scheme of the present invention, the forced ventilation cooling fan can be eliminated, the transformer noise can be greatly reduced (can be reduced by ≥15dB(A)), the power consumption caused by the fan drive can be reduced, the cleaning cycle of the cooler can be extended, and the maintenance and repair operations can be greatly reduced. The filter, the original fan protection device and control logic on the train can be eliminated, the layout and control of the whole vehicle can be simplified, the probability of failure can be reduced, the reliability of the whole vehicle and the traction transformer can be improved, and the full life cycle cost of the transformer can be greatly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the vehicle-mounted transformer box and the cooler in the prior art; Figure 2 is a schematic top view of a cooler according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention (seen in the vehicle height direction); Figure 3 is a side view schematic diagram of a cooler according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention (seen along the length direction of the vehicle), wherein the structure of the sub-cavity is shown in dotted line form; Figure 4 is a front view schematic diagram of a cooler according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention (seen along the width direction of the vehicle); Figure 5 is a side view schematic diagram of the cooler of Example 1 of the present invention when it is installed on the bottom of the vehicle (seen along the length direction of the vehicle); Figure 6 is a side view schematic diagram of a cooler according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention when it is installed on the bottom of a vehicle (seen along the length direction of the vehicle); Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the vehicle-mounted transformer box and two coolers according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0033] In the above drawings, vehicle 100; cooler 10; box body 11; substrate 12; cooling pipe 101; cooler liquid inlet 1A; cooler liquid outlet 1B; cooling pipe unit; C_1, C_2, ..., C_K1+1 are the 1st sub-cavity, the 2nd sub-cavity, ..., the K1+1th sub-cavity respectively; G_1, G_2, ..., G_K1 are the 1st cooling pipe group, the 2nd cooling pipe group, ..., the K1th cooling pipe group respectively; U_1 is the 1st cooling pipe unit; coolant inlet 1A1; coolant outlet 1B1; A1 and B1 are respectively the inlet and outlet of the outermost cooling pipe in the first cooling pipe unit in the vehicle length direction; A2 and B2 are respectively the inlet and outlet of the innermost cooling pipe in the first cooling pipe unit in the vehicle length direction; A3 and B3 are respectively the inlet and outlet of the outermost cooling pipe in the last cooling pipe unit in the vehicle length direction; A4 and B4 are respectively the inlet and outlet of the innermost cooling pipe in the last cooling pipe unit in the vehicle length direction; On-vehicle transformer box 20; coolant inlet 20A; coolant outlet 20B; Pump 30; Liquid outlet pipe 301; first liquid outlet branch pipe 301A; second liquid outlet branch pipe 301B; Liquid inlet pipe 302; first liquid inlet branch pipe 302A; second liquid inlet branch pipe 302B; xx represents the length direction of the vehicle; yy represents the width direction of the vehicle; zz represents the height direction of the vehicle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] Example 1 like Figure 2-Figure 5As shown, the present invention provides a cooler for a vehicle-mounted transformer and having a sub-cavity, wherein the cooler 10 shell has a cooler liquid inlet 1A and a cooler liquid outlet 1B; the cooler 10 shell is divided into K1+1 sub-cavities, the first sub-cavity C_1 has a coolant inlet 1A1 connected to the cooler liquid inlet 1A, the K1+1th sub-cavity C_K1+1 has a coolant outlet 1B1 connected to the cooler liquid outlet 1B, the i-th sub-cavity is connected to the i+1-th sub-cavity through the i-th cooling pipe group, and the K sub-cavities are connected to the K+1th sub-cavity through the Kth cooling tube group, so that the cooler liquid inlet 1A, the 1st sub-cavity C_1, the 2nd sub-cavity C_2, ..., the K1+1th sub-cavity C_K1+1, and the cooler liquid outlet 1B are connected in sequence; 1≤i≤K1-1; at least part of each cooling tube 101 in the cooling tube group is located outside the cooler 10 shell, and the shape of each cooling tube 101 can be U-shaped or arc-shaped, and the part of the cooling tube 101 located outside the cooler 10 shell also forms a U-shape or an arc.

[0036] like Figure 4 As shown, each cooling tube 101 in the i-th cooling tube group is arranged between the i-th region and the i+1-th region; the i-th region is the region on the outer wall of the substrate 12 corresponding to the i-th sub-cavity, and the i+1-th region is the region on the outer wall of the substrate 12 corresponding to the i+1-th sub-cavity. One end of each cooling tube 101 in the i-th cooling tube group is connected with the i-th sub-cavity after extending into the corresponding through hole on the substrate 12, and the other end is connected with the i+1-th sub-cavity after extending into the corresponding through hole on the substrate 12. The portion of the cooling tube 101 located outside the shell of the cooler forms a U-shaped structure, and the opening of the U-shaped structure faces the substrate 12. The substrate 12 and the box body 11 constitute the shell of the cooler as a whole, that is, at least part of each cooling tube 101 in the cooling tube group is located outside the overall structure formed by the substrate 12 and the box body 11, wherein each sub-cavity is located inside the box body 11.

[0037] K1+1≥3; in the first direction (the vehicle length direction in this embodiment), the ith sub-cavity is adjacent to the i+2th sub-cavity. In the second direction (the vehicle height direction zz in this embodiment), the ith sub-cavity is adjacent to the i+1th sub-cavity, and the Kth sub-cavity is adjacent to the K+1th sub-cavity. The projection of the ith sub-cavity in the first direction and the projection of the i+1th sub-cavity in the first direction have at least an overlapping portion. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the first direction is any one of the length direction, width direction, and height direction of the cooler 10. As Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment 1 (assuming K1 is an even number), in the first row along the first direction, the first sub-cavity C_1, the third sub-cavity C_3, the fifth sub-cavity ... are arranged in sequence, and in the second row along the first direction, the second sub-cavity C_2, the fourth sub-cavity C_4, the sixth sub-cavity ... are arranged in sequence. In the second direction, the second sub-cavity C_2 is adjacent to the first sub-cavity C_1 and the third sub-cavity C_3, and the third sub-cavity C_3 is adjacent to the second sub-cavity C_2 and the fourth sub-cavity C_4.

[0038] The extension direction of the projection of the cooling tube 101 in the cooling tube group on the first plane is parallel to the second direction; the first plane is parallel to both the first direction and the second direction.

[0039] In this embodiment, the first direction is the vehicle length direction xx, and the second direction is the vehicle height direction zz.

[0040] Each cooling tube group includes at least one cooling tube unit spaced apart in the first direction, each cooling tube unit includes at least two cooling tubes 101 spaced apart from the inside to the outside, and in each cooling tube unit, the cooling tube 101 located on the outside surrounds the cooling tube 101 adjacent to it and located on the inside. Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, each cooling tube group includes two cooling tube units spaced apart in the first direction.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the number of cooling tube units connected to the first sub-cavity C_1 and the number of cooling tube units connected to the K1+1th sub-cavity C_K1+1 are both M, and the number of cooling tube units connected to other sub-cavities is not less than 2×M, M≥1. Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the number of cooling tube units connected to the first sub-cavity C_1 and the number of cooling tube units connected to the K1+1th sub-cavity C_K1+1 are both 2, and the number of cooling tube units connected to other sub-cavities is 4. In this embodiment, the first cooling tube group G_1 includes the first cooling tube unit U_1 and the second cooling tube unit, and the second cooling tube group G_2 includes the third cooling tube unit and the fourth cooling tube unit.

[0042] When the on-board transformer is installed in a vehicle, the first direction is parallel to the length direction of the vehicle 100 .

[0043] like Figure 2As shown, the total number of cooling tube units of each cooling tube group is K2, K2≥2; K2 is an odd number or an even number. In this embodiment, K2=2×K1. The first cooling tube unit, the second cooling tube unit, ..., the K2th cooling tube unit are arranged in sequence in the first direction (the length direction of the vehicle 100). K2 is an odd number or an even number, K2≥2; the first direction is the length direction of the cooler 10. The plane perpendicular to the first direction is defined as the second plane.

[0044] Preferably, the ua-th cooling tubes 101 of each cooling tube unit are correspondingly arranged in the first direction; When K2 is an odd number, at least a portion of the projection of the ua-th cooling tube 101 of the j1+1-th cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the ua-th cooling tube 101 of the j1-th cooling tube unit on the second plane, 1≤j1≤[(K2+1) / 2]-1; at least a portion of the projection of the ua-th cooling tube 101 of the j2-th cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the ua-th cooling tube 101 of the j2+1-th cooling tube unit on the second plane, (K2+1) / 2≤j2≤K2-1; When K2 is 2, at least part of the projection of the uath cooling tube 101 of the second cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the uath cooling tube 101 of the first cooling tube unit on the second plane; at least part of the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the first cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the second cooling tube unit on the second plane; that is, when K2=2, the projection of the uath cooling tube of the first cooling tube unit and the projection of the uath cooling tube of the second cooling tube unit cannot completely cover each other, so that no matter in which direction the vehicle travels, the running wind can blow to the cooling tube located behind in the traveling direction.

[0045] When K2 is an even number greater than or equal to 4, at least a portion of the projection of the ua-th cooling tube 101 of the j3+1-th cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the ua-th cooling tube 101 of the j3-th cooling tube unit on the second plane, 1≤j3≤(K2 / 2)-1; at least a portion of the projection of the ua-th cooling tube 101 of the j4-th cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the ua-th cooling tube 101 of the j4+1-th cooling tube unit on the second plane, (K2 / 2)+1≤j4≤K2-1; Wherein, ua=1,2,...,UA; UA is the number of cooling tubes 101 in the cooling tube unit, UA≥2; More preferred: When K2 is an odd number, the projection of the ua-th cooling tube 101 of the j1+1-th cooling tube unit on the second plane accommodates the projection of the ua-th cooling tube 101 of the j1-th cooling tube unit on the second plane; the projection of the ua-th cooling tube 101 of the j2-th cooling tube unit on the second plane accommodates the projection of the ua-th cooling tube 101 of the j2+1-th cooling tube unit on the second plane; When K2 is an even number greater than or equal to 4, the projection of the uath cooling tube 101 of the j3+1th cooling tube unit on the second plane accommodates the projection of the uath cooling tube 101 of the j3th cooling tube unit on the second plane; the projection of the uath cooling tube 101 of the j4th cooling tube unit on the second plane accommodates the projection of the uath cooling tube 101 of the j4+1th cooling tube unit on the second plane.

[0046] In this embodiment, one projection contains another projection, which also includes the situation that the outer edges of the two projections do not overlap at all.

[0047] Preferably, the number of cooling tubes 101 in each cooling tube unit is UA, and the ua-th cooling tube 101 of each cooling tube unit is correspondingly arranged, that is, the projections of the ua-th cooling tube 101 of all K2 cooling tube units on the second plane have overlapping parts. The projections of the center lines of the ua-th cooling tube 101 of each cooling tube unit on the second plane completely overlap (for example, overlap on the u-th curve of the second plane), and the second plane is perpendicular to the first direction. When K2 is an odd number, from the 1st cooling tube unit to the (K2+1) / 2nd cooling tube unit, the outer diameters of the correspondingly arranged cooling tube units increase successively, and from the (K2+1) / 2nd cooling tube unit to the K2nd cooling tube unit, the outer diameters of the correspondingly arranged cooling tube units decrease successively. When K2 is an even number, the outer diameters of the corresponding cooling tube units increase successively from the 1st cooling tube unit to the (K2 / 2)th cooling tube unit, and the outer diameters of the corresponding cooling tube units decrease successively from the (K2+2) / 2th cooling tube unit to the K2th cooling tube unit, and the outer diameters of the corresponding cooling tube units from the (K2 / 2)th cooling tube unit to the (K2+2) / 2th cooling tube unit may be equal.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, K2 ≥ 4 can be set.

[0049] When K2 is an odd number, the spacing between adjacent cooling tube units increases from the 1st cooling tube unit U_1 to the (K2+1) / 2nd cooling tube unit, and decreases from the (K2+1) / 2nd cooling tube unit to the K2nd cooling tube unit. The spacing between the (K2+1) / 2nd cooling tube unit and the cooling tube units on both sides thereof can be set to be equal.

[0050] When K2 is 4, the spacing between the first cooling tube unit U_1 and the second cooling tube unit, and the spacing between the third cooling tube unit and the fourth cooling tube unit are both smaller than the spacing between the second cooling tube unit and the third cooling tube unit; When K2 is an even number greater than or equal to 6, the spacing between adjacent cooling tube units increases from the 1st cooling tube unit U_1 to the (K2 / 2)+1th cooling tube unit, and decreases from the K2 / 2th cooling tube unit to the K2th cooling tube unit.

[0051] The cooler liquid inlet 1A and the cooler liquid outlet 1B are respectively connected to the coolant outlet 20B and the coolant inlet 20A of the vehicle-mounted transformer box 20 .

[0052] In each cooling tube 101 of at least one cooling tube unit, the spacing between adjacent cooling tubes 101 increases from the outside to the inside. For example, in a cooling tube unit, the first cooling tube, the second cooling tube, ..., the UA-th cooling tube are arranged from the inside to the outside, then the spacing between the first and second cooling tubes> the spacing between the second and third cooling tubes> ...> the spacing between the UA-1-th and UA-th cooling tubes.

[0053] In each cooling tube 101 of at least one cooling tube unit, the inner diameter of each cooling tube 101 increases from the inside to the outside, that is, the inner diameter of the first cooling tube < the inner diameter of the second cooling tube < ... < the inner diameter of the UAth cooling tube.

[0054] Preferably, the product of D_n and L_n is a fixed value, and the fixed value is a preset constant, that is, D_1×L_1=D_2×L_2=…=D_N×L_N.

[0055] n=1, 2, ..., N. N is the number of cooling tubes 101 in the at least one cooling tube unit. D_n and L_n are the inner diameter and length of the nth cooling tube 101 in the at least one cooling tube unit, respectively.

[0056] In each cooling tube 101 of at least one cooling tube unit, the tube wall thickness of each cooling tube 101 increases from the inside to the outside, that is, the tube wall thickness of the first cooling tube < the tube wall thickness of the second cooling tube < ... < the tube wall thickness of the UAth cooling tube.

[0057] The cooler 10 includes a box body 11, a substrate 12 covering the box body 11, and the cooling tube 101. The box body 11 is divided into K1+1 sub-cavities. The cooler liquid inlet 1A and the cooler liquid outlet 1B are opened on the box body 11. The substrate 12 is provided with through holes adapted to the sizes of each cooling tube 101. Both ends of each cooling tube 101 pass through the corresponding through holes and are connected to the corresponding sub-cavity.

[0058] According to the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a rail vehicle, comprising the above-mentioned cooler, wherein the on-board transformer is a traction transformer of the rail vehicle.

[0059] The present embodiment is described in further detail below.

[0060] The present invention provides a cooler for a vehicle-mounted traction transformer, which is suitable for the field of transportation vehicles and has the advantages of high running wind utilization, high heat dissipation efficiency, low noise, easy maintenance, and low full life cycle cost.

[0061] The cooler 10 includes an integrated cooling pipe, a base plate 12, a box body 11, a cooler liquid inlet 1A, a cooler liquid outlet 1B, etc. The integrated cooling pipe includes a plurality of cooling pipe units, such as Figure 2 As shown. For example, when K2 is 6, the arrangement direction of the first cooling tube unit U_1, the second cooling tube unit, ..., the sixth cooling tube unit is the driving direction. Starting from one end, the spacing s(1) between the first cooling tube unit and the second cooling tube unit, the spacing between the second cooling tube unit and the third cooling tube unit, and the spacing between the third cooling tube unit and the fourth cooling tube unit increase successively, and the spacing between the third cooling tube unit and the fourth cooling tube unit, the spacing between the fourth cooling tube unit and the fifth cooling tube unit, and the spacing between the fifth cooling tube unit and the sixth cooling tube unit decrease successively. Through the above settings, the wind speed distribution between the cooling tube units can be balanced when the driving direction is different.

[0062] The outer diameter of the cooling tube 101 increases from the first cooling tube unit to the middle cooling tube unit, and then decreases from the middle cooling tube unit to the K2th cooling tube unit. Through the above arrangement, the matching of the internal flow velocity and the external wind velocity of different cooling tube units can be improved, the contact and heat dissipation area between the cooling tube and the running wind can be increased, and the internal resistance can be reduced at the same time. In the length direction of the train, the axes of each cooling tube are aligned, and the outer diameter of the cooling tube in the rear cooling tube unit in the front half is larger than the outer diameter of the cooling tube in the front cooling tube unit, so that the running wind can blow onto the rear cooling tube unit. When K2 is an odd number, the (K2+1) / 2th cooling tube unit is the middle cooling tube unit; when K2 is an even number, the K2 / 2th cooling tube unit and the K2 / 2+1th cooling tube unit can both be called the middle cooling tube unit.

[0063] In each cooling pipe unit, the arrangement plane of each cooling pipe 101 is perpendicular to the driving direction. Figure 3 In each cooling pipe unit, the spacing of the cooling pipes 101 increases from the outside to the inside, so as to balance the wind speed distribution between the different cooling pipes inside and outside. Figure 3 d is the distance between the outermost cooling tube 101 and its adjacent cooling tube 101 .

[0064] In each cooling tube unit, the inner diameter of the cooling tube 101 decreases from the outside to the inside, which is used to balance the resistance and flow rate inside the tube, improve the matching of the internal flow rate of different cooling tubes 101 with the external wind speed, and increase the heat exchange efficiency between different media inside and outside the cooling tube 101. For the cooling tube 101 located on the outside and with a longer pipeline length, the fluid resistance is greater. Since the inlets of each cooling tube 101 of the same cooling tube group are located in the same sub-cavity, the liquid tends to flow to the cooling tube 101 on the inside with less resistance. Through the above arrangement, the inner diameter of the cooling tube 101 located on the outside is larger, thereby reducing the fluid resistance of the pipeline located on the outside. Since the fluid resistance in the cooling tube 101 is proportional to the length of the pipeline and inversely proportional to the inner diameter of the pipeline, the product of the length and inner diameter of each cooling tube 101 in the same cooling tube unit can be set to a constant value, so that the distribution of the coolant in each cooling tube in the same cooling tube unit is more balanced.

[0065] In each cooling tube unit, the tube wall thickness of the cooling tube 101 decreases from the outside to the inside, and the different cantilever lengths and tube wall thicknesses are reasonably adapted to ensure strength while reducing weight, while also improving the ability of the outer cooling tube to resist being hit by foreign objects.

[0066] like Figure 2 As shown, the base plate 12 is provided with a hole matching the position and size of each cooling tube 101, and the cooling tube 101 is inserted into the base plate 12 through the hole. A box body 11 for communicating with the cooling tube 101 is provided on the other side of the base plate 12, as shown in FIG. Figure 4shown.

[0067] like Figure 4 As shown, the box body 11 includes K1+1 sub-cavities, and the second sub-cavity C_2 to the K1th sub-cavity C_K1 cover 2 rows or more of the cooling pipe 101 pipe openings in the driving direction. The number of cooling pipe 101 pipe openings covered by the first sub-cavity C_1 and the K1+1th sub-cavity C_K1+1 located at both ends is 1 / 2 of the above sub-cavities, and the sides of the first sub-cavity C_1 and the K1+1th sub-cavity C_K1+1 are respectively provided with a coolant inlet 1A1 and a coolant outlet 1B1. The coolant inlet 1A1 and the coolant outlet 1B1 are respectively used to be connected to the vehicle-mounted traction transformer box 20 for circulating the coolant. The coolant enters from the coolant inlet 1A1 of the first sub-cavity C_1, flows to the second sub-cavity C_2 through the first sub-cavity C_1 and each cooling tube 101 of the first cooling tube group G_1 connecting the first sub-cavity C_1 and the second sub-cavity C_2, and after the coolant is mixed in the second sub-cavity C_2, it flows to the third sub-cavity C_3 through each cooling tube 101 of the second cooling tube group G_2 connecting the second sub-cavity C_2 and the third sub-cavity C_3, and the coolant is mixed again in the third sub-cavity C_3, and in this cycle, flows out from the coolant outlet 1B1 of the K1+1th sub-cavity C_K1+1 to the vehicle transformer box 20, so as to realize the cooling of the coolant. The internal coolant can be more fully contacted with the external flow field for heat exchange, the internal coolant temperature distribution is more uniform, and the cooling capacity is improved. When the coolant is transformer oil, the sub-cavity is an oil box.

[0068] Mounting seats can be provided on both sides of the substrate 12 of the cooler 10, and the cooler 10 can be installed on the vehicle body or the vehicle transformer box 20 through the mounting seats. The mounting seats can also be provided on the box body 11 or the substrate 12.

[0069] When the on-board transformer is installed at the bottom of the vehicle, within the boundary of the bottom of the vehicle, the running wind speed near the two sides is higher than that in the middle, and the running wind speed near the boundary of the vehicle and at the bottom of the vehicle is higher. The installation position of the cooler can be located near the boundary of the vehicle, such as Figure 4 The dashed line shown is the vehicle limit. The vehicle limit is the projection of the outer edge of the vehicle on the plane where the on-board transformer box 20 is located (a plane perpendicular to the vehicle length) along the vehicle length direction.

[0070] The cooling tube 101 in the cooler can be a tube structure of different shapes such as an elliptical tube, a round tube, a flat tube, a rectangular tube, etc. The coolant can be oil, water, an evaporable liquid, or other liquids. The cooler can be used to cool a transformer, and can also be used to cool other vehicle-mounted equipment such as a converter and a motor.

[0071] Example 2 like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the difference between this embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 is that: the number of coolers is 2; the coolant outlet 20B of the vehicle transformer box 20 is connected to the inlet of the pump 30 through the liquid outlet pipe 301, and the outlet of the pump 30 is connected to the inlet of the first liquid outlet branch pipe 301A and the inlet of the second liquid outlet branch pipe 301B; the outlet of the first liquid outlet branch pipe 301A is connected to the inlet of the first liquid inlet branch pipe 302A through a cooler 10, and the outlet of the second liquid outlet branch pipe 301B is connected to the inlet of the second liquid inlet branch pipe 302B through another cooler 10; the outlets of the first liquid inlet branch pipe 302A and the second liquid inlet branch pipe 302B are both connected to the inlet of the liquid inlet pipe 302, and the outlet of the liquid inlet pipe 302 is connected to the coolant inlet 20A of the vehicle transformer box 20. Two coolers 10 can be respectively arranged on both sides of the vehicle transformer box 20.

[0072] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0073] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the contents are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made according to the scope of the present invention should still be included in the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, the modifications of various equivalent forms of the present invention by those skilled in the art all fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to this application. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

Claims

1. A cooler for an on-board transformer and having a sub-cavity, wherein the cooler (10) shell has a cooler liquid inlet (1A) and a cooler liquid outlet (1B); the characteristics are: The cooler (10) shell is divided into K1+1 sub-cavities, K1≥2; the first sub-cavity (C_1) has a cooling liquid inlet (1A1) connected to the cooler liquid inlet (1A), the K1+1th sub-cavity (C_K1+1) has a cooling liquid outlet (1B1) connected to the cooler liquid outlet (1B), the i-th sub-cavity is connected to the i+1th sub-cavity via the i-th cooling tube group, and the K1-th sub-cavity is connected to the K1+1th sub-cavity via the K1-th cooling tube group, so that the cooler liquid inlet (1A), the first sub-cavity (C_1), the second sub-cavity (C_2), ..., the K1+1th sub-cavity (C_K1+1), and the cooler liquid outlet (1B) are connected in sequence; 1≤i≤K1-1; at least part of the cooling tube (101) in the cooling tube group is located outside the cooler (10) shell.

2. The cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the first direction, the i-th sub-cavity is arranged adjacent to the i+2-th sub-cavity; In the second direction, the i-th sub-cavity is disposed adjacent to the i+1-th sub-cavity, and the K1-th sub-cavity is disposed adjacent to the K1+1-th sub-cavity; The projection of the i-th sub-cavity in the first direction and the projection of the i+1-th sub-cavity in the first direction at least have an overlapping portion; The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the first direction is any one of the length direction, width direction, and height direction of the cooler (10); Preferably, the extension direction of the projection of the cooling tube (101) in the cooling tube group on the first plane is parallel to the second direction; and the first plane is parallel to both the first direction and the second direction.

3. The cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each cooling tube group comprises at least one cooling tube unit, each cooling tube unit comprises at least two cooling tubes (101) arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, and in each cooling tube unit, the cooling tube (101) located on the outside is arranged around the outside of the cooling tube (101) adjacent to it and located on the inside; Preferably, the number of cooling tube units connected to the 1st sub-cavity (C_1) and the number of cooling tube units connected to the K1+1th sub-cavity (C_K1+1) are both M, and the number of cooling tube units connected to other sub-cavities is not less than 2×M, and M≥1.

4. The cooler according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the on-board transformer is installed in a vehicle, the first direction is parallel to the length direction of the vehicle (100); a plane perpendicular to the first direction is defined as a second plane; The total number of cooling tube units in each cooling tube group is K2, K2 ≥ 2; K2 is an odd number or an even number; in the length direction of the vehicle (100), the first cooling tube unit (U_1), the second cooling tube unit, ..., the K2 cooling tube unit are arranged in sequence in the first direction; Preferably, K2 ≥ 4; When K2 is an odd number, the spacing between adjacent cooling tube units increases from the 1st cooling tube unit (U_1) to the (K2+1) / 2nd cooling tube unit, and decreases from the (K2+1) / 2nd cooling tube unit to the K2nd cooling tube unit. When K2 is 4, the spacing between the first cooling tube unit (U_1) and the second cooling tube unit, and the spacing between the third cooling tube unit and the fourth cooling tube unit are both smaller than the spacing between the second cooling tube unit and the third cooling tube unit; When K2 is an even number greater than or equal to 6, the spacing between adjacent cooling tube units increases from the 1st cooling tube unit (U_1) to the (K2+2) / 2nd cooling tube unit, and decreases from the K2 / 2nd cooling tube unit to the K2nd cooling tube unit; Preferably, the ua-th cooling tubes (101) of each cooling tube unit are arranged correspondingly in the first direction, ua=1, 2, ..., UA; UA is the number of cooling tubes (101) in the cooling tube unit, UA≥2; When K2 is an odd number, at least a portion of the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j1+1th cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j1th cooling tube unit on the second plane, 1≤j1≤[(K2+1) / 2]-1; at least a portion of the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j2th cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j2+1th cooling tube unit on the second plane, (K2+1) / 2≤j2≤K2-1; When K2 is 2, at least a portion of the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the second cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the first cooling tube unit on the second plane, and at least a portion of the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the first cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the second cooling tube unit on the second plane; When K2 is an even number greater than or equal to 4, at least a portion of the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j3+1th cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j3th cooling tube unit on the second plane, 1≤j3≤(K2 / 2)-1; at least a portion of the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j4th cooling tube unit on the second plane is not covered by the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j4+1th cooling tube unit on the second plane, (K2 / 2)+1≤j4≤K2-1; More preferred: When K2 is an odd number, the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j1+1th cooling tube unit on the second plane accommodates the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j1th cooling tube unit on the second plane; the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j2th cooling tube unit on the second plane accommodates the projection of the uath cooling tube (101) of the j2+1th cooling tube unit on the second plane; When K2 is an even number greater than or equal to 4, the projection of the ua th cooling tube (101) of the j3+1 th cooling tube unit on the second plane accommodates the projection of the ua th cooling tube (101) of the j3 th cooling tube unit on the second plane; the projection of the ua th cooling tube (101) of the j4 th cooling tube unit on the second plane accommodates the projection of the ua th cooling tube (101) of the j4+1 th cooling tube unit on the second plane.

5. The cooler according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The cooler liquid inlet (1A) and the cooler liquid outlet (1B) are respectively connected to the coolant outlet (20B) and the coolant inlet (20A) of the vehicle-mounted transformer box (20).

6. The cooler according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In each cooling tube (101) of at least one cooling tube unit, the spacing between adjacent cooling tubes (101) increases sequentially from the outside to the inside.

7. The cooler according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In each cooling tube (101) of at least one cooling tube unit, the inner diameter of each cooling tube (101) increases sequentially from the inside to the outside; Preferably, the product of D_n and L_n is a constant, and the constant is a preset constant; n=1, 2, ..., N; N is the number of cooling tubes (101) in the at least one cooling tube unit; D_n and L_n are respectively the inner diameter and the length of the nth cooling tube (101) in the at least one cooling tube unit.

8. The cooler according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In each cooling tube (101) of at least one cooling tube unit, the tube wall thickness of each cooling tube (101) increases sequentially from the inside to the outside.

9. The cooler according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The cooler (10) comprises a box body (11), a substrate (12) covering the box body (11), and the cooling tube (101); the box body (11) is divided to form the K1+1 sub-cavities; the cooler liquid inlet (1A) and the cooler liquid outlet (1B) are provided on the box body (11); through holes corresponding to the sizes of the cooling tubes (101) are provided on the substrate (12); and both ends of each cooling tube (101) pass through the corresponding through holes and are connected to the corresponding sub-cavities.

10. A rail vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises the cooler according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the on-board transformer is a traction transformer of a rail vehicle.

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