Deepwater abrupt slope cajia ecological coast design method

Abstract

The invention relates to the related field of coast engineering, in particular to a deep-water abrupt slope cajia ecological coast design method, which comprises the following steps: constructing an ecological gentle slope, and introducing marine plants (such as sea grass and algae) with strong adaptability to fix sediments, reduce water turbidity and provide a habitat for marine organisms. By establishing a long-term monitoring system, the change of an ecological coast is tracked in real time, particularly, environmental challenges such as sea level rise and climate change are handled, structural adjustment and ecological restoration are carried out in time, and the long-term stability and functionality of the system are ensured. The method has remarkable ecological protection, coastline stability, biodiversity improvement and social benefits, and can provide powerful support for sustainable development of coastal areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of coastal engineering, and in particular to a method for designing a deep-water steep-slope headland and bay ecological coast. Background Art

[0002] Coastal areas are experiencing significant changes in coastlines due to both natural factors and human activities. This is particularly true in complex coastal terrains such as headlands and bays, where traditional coastal engineering measures are often inadequate. Furthermore, deepwater and steep slopes complicate coastal design, making conventional rigid protective structures susceptible to damage and impact the marine ecosystem. Therefore, developing design methods that can simultaneously protect the coastline and maintain or even improve the ecological environment is of great practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a deep-water steep-slope headland bay ecological coast design method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for designing a deep-water steep-slope headland bay ecological coast, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Topographic Analysis and Survey: Before designing the ecological coastline, a detailed survey and analysis of the topography and geomorphology of the headland and bay area is conducted, including key parameters such as seabed topography, slope, depth, tidal changes, and wave energy distribution.

[0006] Step 2: Selection and layout of ecological substrates: Based on the results of the terrain analysis, select appropriate ecological substrate materials that have good biological adhesion and can resist erosion in the marine environment. The layout of the substrate should match the terrain to form a patchwork of ecological steps or terraces to promote the habitat and reproduction of marine organisms.

[0007] Step 3: Ecological gentle slope construction: In steep slope areas, artificial gentle slopes or platforms are constructed to reduce the steepness of the slope. Artificial gentle slopes or platforms are used to dissipate wave energy, reduce the impact on the coastline, increase the area for biological attachment, and promote the formation of ecological diversity.

[0008] Step 4: Biodiversity Optimization: Improve the marine ecosystem by introducing and planting highly adaptable marine plants, including seagrasses, algae, mangroves, and shellfish. These plants will be used to stabilize sediments, reduce seawater turbidity, and provide habitats and breeding grounds for various marine organisms.

[0009] Step 5: Dynamic monitoring and adjustment: By establishing a long-term monitoring system, the stability and biodiversity of the ecological coast can be tracked in real time. When necessary, structural adjustments or ecological restoration can be carried out to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the system.

[0010] Preferably, the terrain analysis and survey work and specific methods in step 1 are as follows:

[0011] Step 11: Seabed topography mapping: Collect accurate seabed topography data in the area to provide basic information for design;

[0012] Methods: Multibeam sonar systems: Use multibeam sonar systems to quickly and efficiently acquire seafloor topography data, providing high-resolution two-dimensional or three-dimensional topographic maps; Side-scan sonar systems: Used to detect seafloor surface texture, structure, and object distribution, complementing multibeam sonar data; Diving surveys: Conduct manual diving at key locations to obtain accurate topographic data and on-site observation information;

[0013] Data processing: Collect the above data, process them using GIS technology, and generate detailed seabed topographic maps;

[0014] Step 12: Slope analysis: Understand the seabed slope changes in the headland and bay area, determine the steep and gentle slope areas, and provide a reference for design;

[0015] Methods: Slope calculation: Using the seabed topography map obtained in step 11, the slope of each area is calculated using a digital elevation model; Slope classification: The obtained slope data is classified according to a certain scale to identify steep and gentle slope areas;

[0016] Step 13: Water depth measurement: Obtain water depth data of the headland and bay area to understand its depth distribution characteristics;

[0017] Methods: Single-point echo sounder: Single-point echo sounder is used to measure water depth at selected measuring points; Multi-beam sonar sounding: Combined with seabed topography mapping, a multi-beam sonar system is used to conduct comprehensive sounding in the area to form a high-resolution water depth map;

[0018] Step 14: Tidal changes: Understand the impact of tides on sediment transport, tidal strength and direction in the headland and bay area to provide a basis for design;

[0019] Methods: Tidal station data: Utilize existing tidal station data to analyze the changing patterns of daily high and low tides; Field measurements: Deploy tide gauges in the design area to conduct long-term tidal observations and record data;

[0020] Data analysis: Integrate tidal observation station and field measurement data to analyze tidal changes and obtain the tidal variation patterns in the region;

[0021] Step 15: Wave energy distribution: Understand the impact energy of waves on the headland and bay area to provide a basis for the design of wave protection projects;

[0022] Methods: Wave instrumentation: Wave height meters and wave direction meters were deployed in the design area to record wave height and direction data in real time; Numerical simulation: Professional ocean engineering software was used to perform numerical simulations of wave propagation and energy distribution;

[0023] Data analysis: Combine actual observation data and simulation results to generate wave energy distribution maps and identify high-energy wave impact areas and protection areas;

[0024] Step 16: Sediment Characterization Survey: Understand the type, particle size, and other physical and chemical characteristics of the seabed sediments to support the selection and placement of ecological substrates.

[0025] Methods: Sampling and analysis: Seabed sediment samples are obtained using grab samplers or push tube samplers for laboratory analysis to determine particle distribution, water content, and nutrient content. Sonar echo analysis: Sonar equipment is used to obtain reflection data from the sediment layer and combine it with field sampling data to analyze sediment characteristics.

[0026] Step 17: Environmental parameter observation: Understand the water quality, salinity, and temperature environmental parameters of the headland and bay area to provide reference for ecological design;

[0027] Methods: Water quality analysis instruments: Water quality monitoring instruments are deployed at each monitoring point to record water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and suspended matter data in real time; Regular sampling: Water samples are taken regularly for laboratory chemical analysis, including nutrient salt and heavy metal content.

[0028] Preferably, the specific method of arranging the ecological matrix in step 2 is as follows:

[0029] Based on the terrain analysis results in step 1, the ecological matrix materials are scientifically and rationally arranged to match the natural terrain and form a stable and diverse ecological structure. The specific contents are as follows:

[0030] Terraced structure: In steep slope areas, a terraced layout method is used. The matrix material is arranged in layers, and an appropriate slope is maintained between each layer. The terraced structure effectively reduces the slope, provides a larger area of ​​biological habitat, and helps to mitigate wave impact. The height and width of each step should be designed according to the slope and marine environmental conditions. Specifically, the height of each step is between 0.5 meters and 2 meters, and the width is set according to the terrain conditions;

[0031] Ecological steps: In relatively flat areas, ecological steps are arranged. Each step is wide, providing a good habitat for organisms, maintaining sediment stability, and increasing the surface area of ​​the matrix material. The matrix material is layered: different particle sizes of matrix materials are used at the leading and trailing edges of the steps, with coarser materials at the leading edge and finer materials at the trailing edge to improve adhesion;

[0032] Porous structure layout: In areas with strong wave impact, use highly porous matrix materials, specifically ecological concrete or artificial reefs, to form a porous structure. The porous structure effectively reduces the reflection and impact of waves, while providing shelter for fish and other marine life. The porous material can be designed into a honeycomb or grid shape, which can not only maintain the stability of the structure but also provide a large amount of biological habitat space.

[0033] Preferably, the specific implementation steps of step 3 of constructing the ecological gentle slope are as follows:

[0034] Step 31: Preliminary preparation and planning: Determine the specific location, scale, and technical requirements for the gentle slope construction;

[0035] Implementation steps: Based on the preliminary terrain analysis, further refine the terrain data of the target area to clarify the slope, depth, sediment distribution, and potential construction obstacles; conduct an environmental impact assessment of the proposed gentle slope area, consider the potential impact on the local ecosystem, and formulate corresponding environmental protection measures; based on the terrain data and environmental impact assessment results, formulate a detailed design plan for the gentle slope construction, including the slope design, material selection, structural form, and construction method;

[0036] Step 32: Design of ecological gentle slope: Design a gentle slope structure that can effectively reduce the slope and adapt to the local ecological environment;

[0037] Implementation steps: Based on the natural slope of the area and the target ecological function, determine the final slope of the gentle slope to be designed between 5° and 20° to ensure that the slope is gentle enough to facilitate biological attachment and growth; select appropriate construction materials; and choose a suitable gentle slope structure, including stepped, smooth transition, or platform types.

[0038] Step 33: Gentle slope construction: According to the design plan, construction is carried out within the target area to form a stable artificial gentle slope structure;

[0039] Implementation steps: Clear obstacles in the construction area and ensure the foundation is flat. Reinforce the ground if necessary, depending on geological conditions. Arrange the selected materials in layers according to the design plan, first laying larger stones or eco-concrete in steep slope areas to form the foundation layer, then gradually extending outward to form a gentle slope. Fill the gaps between the materials with appropriate matrix materials to enhance the integrity and impact resistance of the structure, and use steel cables or concrete piles for reinforcement to prevent the gentle slope from slipping under the action of large waves. Plant highly adaptable marine plants on the surface of the gentle slope to enhance its stability and provide a habitat for marine life.

[0040] Step 34: Installation of wave energy dissipation facilities: Install wave energy dissipation facilities in the gentle slope area to further reduce the impact of waves on the coastline;

[0041] Implementation steps: Install artificial wave-breaking devices at the outer edge or middle of the gentle slope, including wave-breaking dikes and perforated concrete blocks, to reduce wave energy and minimize impact on the gentle slope and the coastline behind it; arrange large natural stones or artificial reefs at appropriate locations to disperse wave energy;

[0042] Step 35: Monitoring and Adjustment: Through long-term monitoring, evaluate the stability and ecological benefits of the gentle slope and make structural adjustments or repairs when necessary.

[0043] Preferably, the specific implementation steps of introducing and planting highly adaptable marine plants in step 4 are as follows:

[0044] Step 41: Sediment Fixation: Seagrasses and mangroves use their roots and rhizomes to fix sediments to the seabed, reducing the risk of sediments being carried away by waves and tidal currents. This also optimizes vegetation coverage, increases sediment fixation, and reduces turbidity.

[0045] Step 42: Water purification: Seaweed and algae absorb carbon dioxide and nutrients from the water through photosynthesis, reducing eutrophication. They also reduce suspended particulate matter through filter feeding, further reducing water turbidity.

[0046] Step 43: Habitat creation: Plants provide habitats and food sources for a variety of marine organisms. By diversifying plant species and structures, the habitat space for marine organisms is increased.

[0047] Step 44: Biological attachment promotion: The porous structure and surface roughness of seaweed and shellfish promote biological attachment and reproduction, providing a suitable growth environment for corals, shellfish, etc.

[0048] Preferably, the specific implementation steps of establishing a long-term monitoring system in step 5 are as follows:

[0049] Step 51: Determine monitoring indicators: Select appropriate monitoring indicators that reflect the health and stability of the ecological coast. Specifically, the monitoring indicators include:

[0050] Sea level change: Monitor sea level changes through tide gauges or satellite remote sensing technology to predict coastal erosion risks;

[0051] Water temperature and salinity: Use water quality monitoring equipment to regularly measure water temperature and salinity to understand the impact of climate change on the marine environment;

[0052] Sediment dynamics: monitoring the distribution and movement of seafloor sediments and assessing trends in erosion and deposition;

[0053] Biodiversity: Through regular biological surveys, record the types and numbers of plants and animals and analyze changes in biodiversity;

[0054] Step 52: Selection and installation of monitoring equipment:

[0055] Ocean observation buoys: Install a buoy system to continuously monitor key parameters such as water quality, current velocity, and wave height;

[0056] Underwater sensor networks: Deploy sensors on the seafloor to monitor sediment movement, temperature changes, and bioaccumulation;

[0057] Remote sensing technology: using drones or satellites for regular remote sensing monitoring to obtain large-scale data such as coastline changes and vegetation coverage;

[0058] Biological monitoring points: Set up biological monitoring points in key areas to regularly record changes in biological communities and understand species dynamics;

[0059] Step 53, Data Management and Analysis System: Establish a data management platform to integrate the data obtained from the monitoring equipment in step 52, use big data analysis tools and geographic information systems to conduct real-time analysis and prediction to support decision-making.

[0060] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0061] This invention effectively improves the marine ecosystem by constructing ecological gentle slopes, introducing highly adaptable marine plants, and implementing dynamic monitoring and adjustment. The gentle slope structure reduces the impact of waves on the coast, reducing the risk of erosion while increasing the habitat area for organisms. The planting of marine plants further stabilizes sediments, reduces water turbidity, and enhances the ecological diversity of the entire area.

[0062] The highly adaptable plants introduced and planted in this invention, such as seaweed and algae, not only provide habitats and breeding grounds for a variety of marine organisms, but also increase the biodiversity of the entire ecosystem through diverse plant species and ecological structures. This increased diversity enhances the stability of the ecosystem and its ability to withstand external environmental changes.

[0063] By creating an ecological gentle slope, this invention effectively dissipates wave energy, reduces impact on the coastline, and mitigates the risk of coastal erosion. Furthermore, the anchoring effect of plant roots further protects the coastline, reducing the possibility of coastal erosion and collapse, and providing a more stable natural barrier for coastal areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for designing a deep-water steep-slope headland and bay ecological coast, comprising the following steps:

[0067] Step 1: Topographic Analysis and Survey: Before designing the ecological coastline, a detailed survey and analysis of the topography and geomorphology of the headland and bay area is conducted, including key parameters such as seabed topography, slope, depth, tidal changes, and wave energy distribution.

[0068] Step 2: Selection and layout of ecological substrates: Based on the results of the terrain analysis, select appropriate ecological substrate materials that have good biological adhesion and can resist erosion in the marine environment. The layout of the substrate should match the terrain to form a patchwork of ecological steps or terraces to promote the habitat and reproduction of marine organisms.

[0069] Step 3: Ecological gentle slope construction: In steep slope areas, artificial gentle slopes or platforms are constructed to reduce the steepness of the slope. Artificial gentle slopes or platforms are used to dissipate wave energy, reduce the impact on the coastline, increase the area for biological attachment, and promote the formation of ecological diversity.

[0070] Step 4: Biodiversity Optimization: Improve the marine ecosystem by introducing and planting highly adaptable marine plants, including seagrasses, algae, mangroves, and shellfish. These plants will be used to stabilize sediments, reduce seawater turbidity, and provide habitats and breeding grounds for various marine organisms.

[0071] Step 5: Dynamic monitoring and adjustment: By establishing a long-term monitoring system, the stability and biodiversity of the ecological coast can be tracked in real time. When necessary, structural adjustments or ecological restoration can be carried out to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the system.

[0072] Furthermore, the terrain analysis and survey work and specific methods in step 1 are as follows:

[0073] Step 11: Seabed topography mapping: Collect accurate seabed topography data in the area to provide basic information for design;

[0074] Methods: Multibeam sonar systems: Use multibeam sonar systems to quickly and efficiently acquire seafloor topography data, providing high-resolution two-dimensional or three-dimensional topographic maps; Side-scan sonar systems: Used to detect seafloor surface texture, structure, and object distribution, complementing multibeam sonar data; Diving surveys: Conduct manual diving at key locations to obtain accurate topographic data and on-site observation information;

[0075] Data processing: Collect the above data, process them using GIS technology, and generate detailed seabed topographic maps;

[0076] Step 12: Slope analysis: Understand the seabed slope changes in the headland and bay area, determine the steep and gentle slope areas, and provide a reference for design;

[0077] Methods: Slope calculation: Using the seabed topography map obtained in step 11, the slope of each area is calculated using a digital elevation model; Slope classification: The obtained slope data is classified according to a certain scale to identify steep and gentle slope areas;

[0078] Step 13: Water depth measurement: Obtain water depth data of the headland and bay area to understand its depth distribution characteristics;

[0079] Methods: Single-point echo sounder: Single-point echo sounder is used to measure water depth at selected measuring points; Multi-beam sonar sounding: Combined with seabed topography mapping, a multi-beam sonar system is used to conduct comprehensive sounding in the area to form a high-resolution water depth map;

[0080] Step 14: Tidal changes: Understand the impact of tides on sediment transport, tidal strength and direction in the headland and bay area to provide a basis for design;

[0081] Methods: Tidal station data: Utilize existing tidal station data to analyze the changing patterns of daily high and low tides; Field measurements: Deploy tide gauges in the design area to conduct long-term tidal observations and record data;

[0082] Data analysis: Integrate tidal observation station and field measurement data to analyze tidal changes and obtain the tidal variation patterns in the region;

[0083] Step 15: Wave energy distribution: Understand the impact energy of waves on the headland and bay area to provide a basis for the design of wave protection projects;

[0084] Methods: Wave instrumentation: Wave height meters and wave direction meters were deployed in the design area to record wave height and direction data in real time; Numerical simulation: Professional ocean engineering software was used to perform numerical simulations of wave propagation and energy distribution;

[0085] Data analysis: Combine actual observation data and simulation results to generate wave energy distribution maps and identify high-energy wave impact areas and protection areas;

[0086] Step 16: Sediment Characterization Survey: Understand the type, particle size, and other physical and chemical characteristics of the seabed sediments to support the selection and placement of ecological substrates.

[0087] Methods: Sampling and analysis: Seabed sediment samples are obtained using grab samplers or push tube samplers for laboratory analysis to determine particle distribution, water content, and nutrient content. Sonar echo analysis: Sonar equipment is used to obtain reflection data from the sediment layer and combine it with field sampling data to analyze sediment characteristics.

[0088] Step 17: Environmental parameter observation: Understand the water quality, salinity, and temperature environmental parameters of the headland and bay area to provide reference for ecological design;

[0089] Methods: Water quality analysis instruments: Water quality monitoring instruments are deployed at each monitoring point to record water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and suspended matter data in real time; Regular sampling: Water samples are taken regularly for laboratory chemical analysis, including nutrient salt and heavy metal content.

[0090] Furthermore, the specific method of arranging the ecological matrix in step 2 is as follows:

[0091] Based on the terrain analysis results in step 1, the ecological matrix materials are scientifically and rationally arranged to match the natural terrain and form a stable and diverse ecological structure. The specific contents are as follows:

[0092] Terraced structure: In steep slope areas, a terraced layout method is used. The matrix material is arranged in layers, and an appropriate slope is maintained between each layer. The terraced structure effectively reduces the slope, provides a larger area of ​​biological habitat, and helps to mitigate wave impact. The height and width of each step should be designed according to the slope and marine environmental conditions. Specifically, the height of each step is between 0.5 meters and 2 meters, and the width is set according to the terrain conditions;

[0093] Ecological steps: In relatively flat areas, ecological steps are arranged. Each step is wide, providing a good habitat for organisms, maintaining sediment stability, and increasing the surface area of ​​the matrix material. The matrix material is layered: different particle sizes of matrix materials are used at the leading and trailing edges of the steps, with coarser materials at the leading edge and finer materials at the trailing edge to improve adhesion;

[0094] Porous structure layout: In areas with strong wave impact, use highly porous matrix materials, specifically ecological concrete or artificial reefs, to form a porous structure. The porous structure effectively reduces the reflection and impact of waves, while providing shelter for fish and other marine life. The porous material can be designed into a honeycomb or grid shape, which can not only maintain the stability of the structure but also provide a large amount of biological habitat space.

[0095] Furthermore, the specific implementation steps of step 3, ecological gentle slope construction, are as follows:

[0096] Step 31: Preliminary preparation and planning: Determine the specific location, scale, and technical requirements for the gentle slope construction;

[0097] Implementation steps: Based on the preliminary terrain analysis, further refine the terrain data of the target area to clarify the slope, depth, sediment distribution, and potential construction obstacles; conduct an environmental impact assessment of the proposed gentle slope area, consider the potential impact on the local ecosystem, and formulate corresponding environmental protection measures; based on the terrain data and environmental impact assessment results, formulate a detailed design plan for the gentle slope construction, including the slope design, material selection, structural form, and construction method;

[0098] Step 32: Design of ecological gentle slope: Design a gentle slope structure that can effectively reduce the slope and adapt to the local ecological environment;

[0099] Implementation steps: Based on the natural slope of the area and the target ecological function, determine the final slope of the gentle slope to be designed between 5° and 20° to ensure that the slope is gentle enough to facilitate biological attachment and growth; select appropriate construction materials; and choose a suitable gentle slope structure, including stepped, smooth transition, or platform types.

[0100] Step 33: Gentle slope construction: According to the design plan, construction is carried out within the target area to form a stable artificial gentle slope structure;

[0101] Implementation steps: Clear obstacles in the construction area and ensure the foundation is flat. Reinforce the ground if necessary, depending on geological conditions. Arrange the selected materials in layers according to the design plan, first laying larger stones or eco-concrete in steep slope areas to form the foundation layer, then gradually extending outward to form a gentle slope. Fill the gaps between the materials with appropriate matrix materials to enhance the integrity and impact resistance of the structure, and use steel cables or concrete piles for reinforcement to prevent the gentle slope from slipping under the action of large waves. Plant highly adaptable marine plants on the surface of the gentle slope to enhance its stability and provide a habitat for marine life.

[0102] Step 34: Installation of wave energy dissipation facilities: Install wave energy dissipation facilities in the gentle slope area to further reduce the impact of waves on the coastline;

[0103] Implementation steps: Install artificial wave-breaking devices at the outer edge or middle of the gentle slope, including wave-breaking dikes and perforated concrete blocks, to reduce wave energy and minimize impact on the gentle slope and the coastline behind it; arrange large natural stones or artificial reefs at appropriate locations to disperse wave energy;

[0104] Step 35: Monitoring and Adjustment: Through long-term monitoring, evaluate the stability and ecological benefits of the gentle slope and make structural adjustments or repairs when necessary.

[0105] Furthermore, the specific implementation steps of introducing and planting highly adaptable marine plants in step 4 are as follows:

[0106] Step 41: Sediment Fixation: Seagrasses and mangroves use their roots and rhizomes to fix sediments to the seabed, reducing the risk of sediments being carried away by waves and tidal currents. This also optimizes vegetation coverage, increases sediment fixation, and reduces turbidity.

[0107] Step 42: Water purification: Seaweed and algae absorb carbon dioxide and nutrients from the water through photosynthesis, reducing eutrophication. They also reduce suspended particulate matter through filter feeding, further reducing water turbidity.

[0108] Step 43: Habitat creation: Plants provide habitats and food sources for a variety of marine organisms. By diversifying plant species and structures, the habitat space for marine organisms is increased.

[0109] Step 44: Biological attachment promotion: The porous structure and surface roughness of seaweed and shellfish promote biological attachment and reproduction, providing a suitable growth environment for corals, shellfish, etc.

[0110] Furthermore, the specific implementation steps for establishing a long-term monitoring system in step 5 are as follows:

[0111] Step 51: Determine monitoring indicators: Select appropriate monitoring indicators that reflect the health and stability of the ecological coast. Specifically, the monitoring indicators include:

[0112] Sea level change: Monitor sea level changes through tide gauges or satellite remote sensing technology to predict coastal erosion risks;

[0113] Water temperature and salinity: Use water quality monitoring equipment to regularly measure water temperature and salinity to understand the impact of climate change on the marine environment;

[0114] Sediment dynamics: monitoring the distribution and movement of seafloor sediments and assessing trends in erosion and deposition;

[0115] Biodiversity: Through regular biological surveys, record the types and numbers of plants and animals and analyze changes in biodiversity;

[0116] Step 52: Selection and installation of monitoring equipment:

[0117] Ocean observation buoys: Install a buoy system to continuously monitor key parameters such as water quality, current velocity, and wave height;

[0118] Underwater sensor networks: Deploy sensors on the seafloor to monitor sediment movement, temperature changes, and bioaccumulation;

[0119] Remote sensing technology: using drones or satellites for regular remote sensing monitoring to obtain large-scale data such as coastline changes and vegetation coverage;

[0120] Biological monitoring points: Set up biological monitoring points in key areas to regularly record changes in biological communities and understand species dynamics;

[0121] Step 53, Data Management and Analysis System: Establish a data management platform to integrate the data obtained from the monitoring equipment in step 52, use big data analysis tools and geographic information systems to conduct real-time analysis and prediction to support decision-making.

[0122] The present invention effectively improves the marine ecological environment by constructing an ecological gentle slope, introducing highly adaptable marine plants, and implementing dynamic monitoring and adjustment. The design of the gentle slope structure reduces the impact of waves on the coast, reduces the risk of erosion, and at the same time increases the habitat area of ​​organisms. The planting of marine plants further stabilizes sediments, reduces water turbidity, and enhances the ecological diversity of the entire area; the highly adaptable plants such as seaweed and algae introduced and planted by the present invention not only provide a place for a variety of marine organisms to live and reproduce, but also increase the biodiversity of the entire ecosystem through diverse plant species and ecological structures. This increased diversity enhances the stability of the ecosystem and its ability to resist changes in the external environment; the present invention effectively dissipates the energy of waves, reduces the impact on the coastline, and reduces the risk of coastal erosion through the construction of an ecological gentle slope. At the same time, the fixing effect of the plant roots further protects the coastline, reduces the possibility of coastal erosion and collapse, and provides a more stable natural barrier for coastal areas.

[0123] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A deep-water steep-slope bay ecological coast design method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Topographic analysis and survey: Before designing the ecological coast, first conduct a detailed survey and analysis of the topography and geomorphology of the cape and bay area, including key parameters such as seabed topography, slope, depth, tidal changes, and wave energy distribution; Step 2: Selection and layout of ecological matrix: According to the results of terrain analysis, select appropriate ecological matrix materials, which have good biological adhesion and can resist erosion of the marine environment. The layout of the matrix should match the terrain to form a staggered ecological step or terrace structure to promote the habitat and reproduction of marine organisms; Step 3: Ecological gentle slope construction: In steep slope areas, artificial gentle slopes or platforms are constructed to reduce the steepness of the slope. Artificial gentle slopes or platforms are used to dissipate wave energy, reduce the impact on the coastline, increase the attachment area of ​​organisms, and promote the formation of ecological diversity; Step 4: Biodiversity Optimization: Improve the marine ecological environment by introducing and planting highly adaptable marine plants, including seaweed, algae, mangroves and shellfish. Introduce and plant plants to fix sediments, reduce seawater turbidity, and provide habitats and breeding places for various marine organisms; Step 5: Dynamic monitoring and adjustment: By establishing a long-term monitoring system, the stability and biodiversity of the ecological coast can be tracked in real time, and structural adjustments or ecological restoration can be carried out when necessary to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the system.

2. A deep-water steep-slope headland and bay ecological coast design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The work and specific methods of terrain analysis and survey in step 1 are as follows: Step 11: Seabed topography mapping: Collect accurate seabed topography data in the area to provide basic information for design; Methods: Multi-beam sonar system: Use multi-beam sonar system to obtain seabed topographic data quickly and efficiently, and provide high-resolution two-dimensional or three-dimensional topographic maps; Side-scan sonar system: Used to detect the texture, structure and distribution of objects on the seabed surface, supplementing the data of multi-beam sonar; Diving survey: Conduct manual diving at key locations to obtain accurate topographic data and field observation information; Data processing: Collect the above data, process them using GIS technology, and generate detailed seabed topographic maps; Step 12: Slope analysis: Understand the seabed slope changes in the cape and bay area, determine the steep slope and gentle slope areas, and provide reference for design; Methods: Slope calculation: Using the seafloor topography map obtained in step 11, the slope of each area is calculated through the digital elevation model; Slope classification: The obtained slope data is classified according to a certain scale to identify steep slope and gentle slope areas; Step 13: Water depth measurement: Obtain water depth data of the cape and bay area to understand its depth distribution characteristics; Methods: Single-point echo sounder: Use a single-point echo sounder to measure water depth at the selected measuring point; Multi-beam sonar sounding: Combined with seabed topography mapping, use a multi-beam sonar system to conduct comprehensive sounding in the area to form a high-resolution water depth map; Step 14: Tidal changes: Understand the impact of tides on sediment transport, tidal intensity and direction in the cape and bay area to provide a basis for design; Methods: Tidal station data: Use the existing tidal station data to analyze the changing patterns of daily high tide and low tide; Field measurement: Deploy tide gauges in the design area to conduct long-term tidal observations and record data; Data analysis: Combined with the data from tidal observation stations and field measurements, tidal change analysis is performed to obtain the tidal change patterns in the region; Step 15: Wave energy distribution: Understand the impact energy of waves on the cape and bay area to provide a basis for the design of wave protection projects; Methods: Wave instrumentation: Wave height meters and wave direction meters were deployed in the design area to record wave height and wave direction data in real time; Numerical simulation: Use professional marine engineering software to perform numerical simulation of wave propagation and energy distribution; Data analysis: Combine actual observation data and simulation results to generate wave energy distribution maps and identify high-energy wave impact areas and protection areas; Step 16: Sediment characteristics survey: Understand the type, particle size and other physical and chemical characteristics of the sediments on the seabed to support the selection and arrangement of ecological substrates; Methods: Sampling and analysis: Use grab samplers or push tube samplers to obtain seabed sediment samples, conduct laboratory analysis to determine their particle distribution, water content, and nutrient content; Sonar echo analysis: Use sonar equipment to obtain reflection data of sediment layers, and combine it with field sampling data to analyze sediment characteristics; Step 17: Environmental parameter observation: Understand the water quality, salinity, and temperature environmental parameters of the cape and bay area to provide reference for ecological design; Methods: Water quality analysis instruments: Water quality monitoring instruments were deployed at each monitoring point to record water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and suspended matter data in real time; Regular sampling: Water samples are taken regularly for laboratory chemical analysis, including nutrient salts and heavy metal content.

3. The method for designing a deep-water steep-slope cape-bay ecological coast according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of ecological matrix arrangement in step 2 is as follows: According to the terrain analysis results in step 1, the ecological matrix materials are arranged scientifically and rationally to match the natural terrain and form a stable and diverse ecological structure. The specific contents are as follows: Terraced structure: In steep slope areas, the terraced layout method is used to arrange the matrix materials in layers, and the appropriate slope is retained between each layer. The terraced structure effectively reduces the slope, provides a larger area of ​​biological habitat, and helps to mitigate wave impact. The height and width of each step should be designed according to the slope and marine environmental conditions. The specific height of each step is between 0.5 meters and 2 meters, and the width is set according to the terrain conditions; Ecological steps: In relatively flat areas, ecological steps are arranged. Each step is wide, providing a good habitat for organisms, maintaining the stability of sediments, and increasing the surface area of ​​the matrix material. The matrix material is layered: matrix materials of different particle sizes are used at the leading and trailing edges of the steps, with coarser materials at the leading edge and finer materials at the trailing edge to improve adhesion; Porous structure layout: In areas with strong wave impact, use highly porous matrix materials, including eco-concrete or artificial reefs, to form a porous structure. The porous structure effectively reduces the reflection and impact of waves, while providing shelter for fish and other marine life. The porous material can be designed into a honeycomb or grid shape, which can not only maintain the stability of the structure but also provide a large amount of biological habitat space.

4. The method for designing a deep-water steep-slope bay ecological coast according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific implementation steps of step 3 ecological gentle slope construction are as follows: Step 31: Preliminary preparation and planning: Determine the specific location, scale and technical requirements for the construction of the gentle slope; Implementation steps: Based on the previous terrain analysis, further refine the terrain data of the target area, clarify the slope, depth, sediment distribution and potential construction obstacles; conduct an environmental impact assessment on the proposed gentle slope area, consider the potential impact on the local ecosystem, and formulate corresponding environmental protection measures; formulate a detailed design plan for the gentle slope construction based on the terrain data and environmental impact assessment results, including the slope design, material selection, structural form and construction method of the gentle slope; Step 32: Design of ecological gentle slope: Design a gentle slope structure that can effectively reduce the slope and adapt to the local ecological environment; Implementation steps: According to the natural slope of the area and the target ecological function, the final slope of the gentle slope is determined to be designed to be between 5° and 20° to ensure that the slope is gentle enough to facilitate the attachment and growth of organisms; select suitable construction materials; select suitable gentle slope structure forms, including stepped, smooth transition or platform types; Step 33, gentle slope construction: according to the design plan, construction is carried out in the target area to form a stable artificial gentle slope structure; Implementation steps: Clear obstacles in the construction area and ensure the foundation is level. According to geological conditions, reinforcement treatment is carried out when necessary; according to the design plan, the selected materials are arranged in layers, and larger blocks of stone or ecological concrete are laid first in the steep slope area to build the foundation layer, and then extended outward layer by layer to form a gentle slope; fill the gaps between the materials with appropriate matrix materials to enhance the integrity and impact resistance of the structure, and use steel cables or concrete piles for reinforcement to prevent the gentle slope from slipping under the action of large waves; Planting highly adaptable marine plants on the surface of the gentle slope to enhance the stability of the gentle slope and provide a habitat for marine life; Step 34, installation of wave energy dissipation facilities: installing wave energy dissipation facilities in the gentle slope area to further reduce the impact of waves on the coastline; Implementation steps: Install artificial wave-breaking devices on the outer edge or middle section of the gentle slope, including wave-breaking dikes and perforated concrete blocks, to reduce wave energy and reduce the impact on the gentle slope and the coastline behind it; arrange large natural stones or artificial reefs at appropriate locations to disperse wave energy; Step 35: Monitoring and Adjustment: Through long-term monitoring, evaluate the stability and ecological benefits of the gentle slope and make structural adjustments or repairs when necessary.

5. The method for designing a deep-water steep-slope cape-bay ecological coast according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific implementation steps of introducing and planting marine plants with strong adaptability in step 4 are as follows: Step 41, sediment fixation: Seagrass and mangrove plants fix sediments on the seabed through their root systems and rhizomes, reducing the amount of sediments carried away by waves and tides, and optimizing vegetation coverage, increasing sediment fixation effects, and reducing turbidity; Step 42: Water purification: Seaweed and algae absorb carbon dioxide and nutrients in the water through photosynthesis, reducing eutrophication problems. They can also reduce suspended particles through filter feeding, further reducing water turbidity. Step 43: Habitat creation: Plants provide habitats and food sources for a variety of marine organisms. By diversifying plant species and structures, the habitat space for marine organisms is increased. Step 44: Promotion of biological attachment: The porous structure and surface roughness of seaweed and shellfish promote biological attachment and reproduction, providing a suitable growth environment for corals, shellfish, etc.

6. The method for designing a deep-water steep-slope cape-bay ecological coast according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific implementation steps for establishing a long-term monitoring system in step 5 are as follows: Step 51, determination of monitoring indicators: Select appropriate monitoring indicators, which reflect the health status and stability of the ecological coast. Specifically, the monitoring indicators include: Sea level change: Monitor sea level changes through tide gauges or satellite remote sensing technology to predict coastal erosion risks; Water temperature and salinity: Use water quality monitoring equipment to regularly measure water temperature and salinity to understand the impact of climate change on the marine environment; Sediment dynamics: monitor the distribution and movement of seafloor sediments and assess trends in erosion and deposition; Biodiversity: Through regular biological surveys, record the types and numbers of plants and animals, and analyze changes in biodiversity; Step 52: Selection and installation of monitoring equipment: Ocean observation buoys: installation of buoy systems to continuously monitor key parameters such as water quality, flow velocity, and wave height; Underwater sensor networks: Place sensors on the seafloor to monitor sediment movement, temperature changes, and bioaccumulation; Remote sensing technology: Use drones or satellites to conduct regular remote sensing monitoring to obtain large-scale data such as coastline changes and vegetation coverage; Biological monitoring points: biological monitoring points are set up in key areas to regularly record changes in biological communities and understand species dynamics; Step 53, data management and analysis system: Establish a data management platform to integrate the data obtained from the monitoring equipment in step 52, use big data analysis tools and geographic information systems to conduct real-time analysis and prediction to provide support for decision-making.

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