Staged progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zone

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of riparian zone ecological restoration, and discloses a riparian zone staged progressive ecological restoration method which comprises the following steps: dividing a dry area and a wet area according to a riparian zone shoreline, respectively laying a base layer protective layer and a double-layer base, laying an aquatic plant lawn and fixing the root after water flow erosion, deposition operation and standard judgment, and finally, carrying out ecological restoration. And finally, observing the rooting state and carrying out maintenance and complementary planting, and synchronously collecting data in each link and adjusting as required. Through staged refined operation, in combination with core links such as data acquisition, analysis and judgment, base laying optimization, deposition regulation and control and plant maintenance, orderly promotion of ecological restoration of the riparian zone is achieved, and pertinence and continuity of the restoration process are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of riparian zone ecological restoration technology, and more specifically, to a phased and progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zones. Background Technology

[0002] Riverbank protection serves as a crucial transitional zone between riverine and terrestrial ecosystems. It not only fulfills core engineering functions such as resisting erosion, preventing bank collapse, and protecting water and soil resources, but also plays a vital ecological role in maintaining watershed hydrological regulation, water purification, and the provision of habitats for organisms. Riverbank planting, as a core technical approach to ecological slope protection, leverages the ecological functions of vegetation—such as root system soil stabilization, foliage interception of rainfall, and community water purification—to achieve a synergistic improvement in slope protection stability and ecosystem integrity, becoming a mainstream direction in modern water conservancy ecological restoration. However, current mainstream riverbank protection and planting technologies still face numerous prominent problems, failing to meet the comprehensive requirements of "safety and stability + eco-friendliness" in water conservancy projects. First, traditional rigid revetments have ecological limitations. Traditional riverbank revetments primarily use artificial hard materials such as cement, bricks, and concrete, reinforcing slopes through methods like building retaining walls and laying facing. While these techniques can improve the riverbank's erosion resistance in the short term, they essentially create an "ecological barrier": on the one hand, the rigid materials completely block the exchange of substances and hydrological connectivity between the soil and water, damaging the permeability and aeration of the riverbank soil, leading to obstructed groundwater circulation and a deterioration of the riverbank microclimate; on the other hand, the lack of a carrier and space for vegetation growth prevents the provision of habitats for plants and animals, resulting in the degradation of the riverbank ecosystem and a sharp decline in biodiversity. They only achieve a single engineering protection function, completely contradicting the core requirements of ecological restoration. Furthermore, rigid revetments have weak buffering capacity against water flow impacts, making them prone to structural damage such as cracks and collapses under floods or extreme rainfall during the rainy season, resulting in high maintenance costs and significant repair difficulties.

[0003] Secondly, traditional vegetation-based slope protection methods have technical limitations. To compensate for the ecological shortcomings of rigid slope protection, the traditional ecological approach of directly planting vegetation for slope protection has emerged, but it still has significant deficiencies in practice: 1. Simple ecological structure and one-sided restoration effect: It mostly uses a single or a few kinds of herbaceous plants, lacks a three-dimensional layered configuration of trees, shrubs and herbs, and the vegetation community is seriously homogeneous. It cannot build a complex ecosystem and can only achieve local soil stabilization effect, with limited contribution to ecological functions such as water purification and biodiversity enhancement.

[0004] 2. Difficulty in vegetation survival and poor community stability: After planting, there is a lack of targeted protection and anchoring measures. Seedlings are easily affected by the rise and fall of river water and the impact of waves. The roots are difficult to penetrate into the soil and grow steadily, resulting in a low survival rate. Even if some survive, due to the lack of continuous growth guarantee, it is difficult to form a continuous and stable vegetation belt, and the ecological protection effect is difficult to maintain in the long term.

[0005] 3. Fragmentation of riverbanks and riverbeds: Hard revetments vertically cut through the riverbank and riverbed topography, disrupting the continuity of the river corridor, causing turbulent hydrodynamic characteristics, and causing the loss of organic connection between the riverbed aquatic habitat and the riverbank terrestrial habitat, thus breaking the complete watershed ecological network.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to design a phased and gradual ecological restoration method for riparian zones to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention proposes a phased and progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zones, aiming to solve at least one of the problems in the background technology.

[0008] This invention proposes a phased and gradual ecological restoration method for riparian zones, comprising: The riverbank zone is used as the boundary to divide the cadre area and the wetland area; Lay a base layer and add a protective layer in the cadre area, and lay a lower base and an upper base in the wet area; After the double-layer base is laid in the wet area, water erosion operation is started. Based on the data on the distribution of the upper base during the erosion process, deposition operation is started. The initial elevation data of the upper base before the deposition operation and the deposition elevation data during the deposition operation are collected. Sediment samples are collected and particle size distribution analysis is performed on the samples. The elevation difference between the deposition elevation data and the initial elevation data is calculated. The deposition operation is judged as complete based on the comparison results of the elevation difference and particle size distribution analysis with the preset standard elevation difference and preset particle analysis standard, respectively. When the elevation difference reaches the preset standard elevation difference and the particle size distribution analysis result meets the preset particle analysis standard, the deposition operation is deemed complete. If the elevation difference does not reach the preset standard elevation difference or the particle size distribution analysis result does not meet the preset particle analysis standard, the deposition operation continues and data is collected until the deposition operation is completed. After the sedimentation operation is completed, an aquatic plant lawn is laid on the surface of the sediment layer, and a root anchoring structure is set up. Observe the rooting status of the plants and carry out maintenance and replanting operations.

[0009] Furthermore, the laying of a base layer and the addition of a protective layer in the cadre area includes: Clean the surface debris in the cadre area according to the preset laying path, collect the base data after the surface debris is cleaned, lay the base material according to the base data, and lay the protective layer material on top of the base material after the base material is laid. The laying process is carried out in layers, and each layer is compacted after laying. The thickness and density data after compaction are recorded. The base material is river silt, and the thickness of the base material is 25-35 cm.

[0010] Furthermore, the laying of the lower and upper base layers in the wet area includes: First, lay the lower base in the wet area, then lay the upper base. The upper base is made of natural pebbles and is 4-7 cm thick; The lower base is made of river silt and is 24-27 cm thick.

[0011] Furthermore, after the double-layer base is laid in the wet area, water erosion operation is initiated. Based on the collected data on the distribution of the upper base during the erosion process, deposition operation is initiated, including: Collect acceptance data after the double-layer base is laid in the wet area; After confirming that the acceptance data meets the preset acceptance requirements, water erosion operation is initiated. Data on the distribution of natural pebbles during the erosion process is collected. When the distribution data reaches the preset distribution requirements, the water erosion operation is stopped and the sedimentation operation is started. The acceptance data includes laying thickness data and compaction data.

[0012] Furthermore, the deposition operation includes: According to the river flow velocity, bamboo bundles are arranged in an array in an insert manner on the double-layer base in the wet area, and a water-blocking structure is set on the outside of the bamboo bundles; The array is spaced 7-9 centimeters apart; The length of the bamboo branch bundle is 23-27 cm, the lower part of the bamboo branch bundle is the bamboo stem, and the upper part retains the bamboo leaves; The bamboo bundle is inserted into the double-layer base to a depth of 15-17 cm; the length of the part exposed in contact with the water is 8-10 cm.

[0013] Furthermore, the step of arranging the bamboo bundles in an inserted array on the double-layered base in the wet area according to the river flow velocity includes: Collect real-time flow velocity data of the river, record the collection time, collection point and flow velocity value, and determine the arrangement spacing and layout of the bamboo branch bundle array based on the flow velocity data; Pre-treat the bamboo bundles by cutting them to the preset length; Mark the insertion points of the bamboo bundles on the base surface in the wet area according to the determined arrangement and spacing, and record the coordinate data of the insertion points; Insert the bundle of bamboo branches vertically into the double-layered base in the wet area along the marked points.

[0014] Furthermore, the step of laying an aquatic plant lawn on the surface of the sedimentary layer and setting up a plant root fixing structure includes: The surface of the sediment layer is pretreated, including cleaning of surface scum, smoothing of flatness and humidity detection, in order to obtain a substrate environment suitable for the laying of aquatic plants; Based on the substrate environment, the laying range and density of the aquatic plant lawn are determined, and the elevation information and soil characteristic information of the substrate are extracted. Based on the elevation and soil characteristics information, select suitable aquatic plant species and plan the lawn laying sequence. The aquatic plants are laid on the surface of the sediment layer according to the planned laying range, density and sequence to form an aquatic plant lawn; Define the target area where a fixing structure needs to be set up around the plant roots, set up the installation points for the fixing structure within the target area, and attach and fix the fixing structure to the plant roots to complete the setting of the plant root fixing structure.

[0015] Furthermore, the aquatic plant species are local riparian benthic aquatic plants, and the setting parameters of the fixing structure include fixing depth, layout spacing, and fitting tightness.

[0016] Furthermore, the observation of plant rooting status and the implementation of maintenance and replanting operations include: Collect data on plant root growth and overall plant status, and extract information on root exposure, root length, and plant withering and decay. Based on the information on exposed roots, root length, and plant withering and decay, determine whether the rooting status of the plant meets the standards and formulate a maintenance and replanting plan. Plants that do not meet the standards for root development should be marked, and root protection and soil improvement should be carried out according to the maintenance plan. Withered and decaying plants should be removed.

[0017] Furthermore, the criteria for judging whether the rooting status meets the standards include root depth, root integrity, and plant survival status, and the maintenance and replanting parameters include the spacing between replanted plants, root fixation strength, and the amount of soil amendment material used.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By carrying out riparian ecological restoration in stages, the dry and wet areas are first divided along the shoreline. Targeted base protection and double-layered foundations are then laid. Following water erosion and sedimentation, elevation data is collected, particle size distribution is analyzed, and pre-set standards are compared to determine sedimentation compliance. Subsequently, aquatic plant turf is laid, roots are secured, rooting is observed, and maintenance and replanting are carried out. The entire process is controlled as needed, adapting to the dry and wet characteristics of the riparian zone to ensure orderly restoration. Data support enhances the targetedness and reliability of the restoration, ensuring stable sediment layer formation and effective plant establishment. This effectively improves the riparian ecological environment, enhances the sustainability and adaptability of the restoration effect, and provides a feasible and controllable technical approach for riparian ecological restoration. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the phased and progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zones provided in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 As shown in some embodiments of this application, a phased and progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zones includes the following steps: S100: The riverbank zone is used as the boundary to divide the dry area and the wet area; S200: Lay a base layer and add a protective layer in the cadre area, and lay a lower base and an upper base in the wet area; S300: After the double-layer base is laid in the wet area, water erosion operation is started. Based on the data on the distribution of the upper base during the erosion process, sedimentation operation is started. S400: Collect initial elevation data of the upper base before sedimentation and sedimentation elevation data during sedimentation. Collect sediment samples and perform particle size distribution analysis on the samples. Calculate the elevation difference between the sedimentation elevation data and the initial elevation data. Compare the elevation difference and particle size distribution analysis results with the preset standard elevation difference and preset particle size analysis standard, respectively. When the elevation difference reaches the preset standard elevation difference and the particle size distribution analysis results meet the preset particle analysis standards, the deposition operation is considered complete. When the elevation difference does not reach the preset standard elevation difference or the particle size distribution analysis results do not meet the preset particle analysis standard, the sedimentation operation and data collection continue until the sedimentation operation is completed. S500: After the sedimentation operation is completed, aquatic plant lawn is laid on the surface of the sediment layer and a plant root fixing structure is set up. S600: Observe the rooting status of plants and carry out maintenance and replanting operations.

[0022] It is worth noting that by collecting elevation data and water level fluctuation data around the shoreline, the baseline riverbank zone shoreline was determined. Using the baseline riverbank zone shoreline as the boundary, the boundary between the dry area and the wet area was clarified. The boundary was marked, and the range coordinates and topographic feature data of the two areas were recorded, laying the foundation for subsequent stratification operations.

[0023] It is understandable that the cadre area is the riverbank area above the baseline shoreline that is not soaked by river water all year round; the wet area is the riverbank area below the baseline shoreline that is soaked by river water all year round or seasonally.

[0024] It is worth noting that particle size distribution analysis is an analytical process that measures the proportion of different particle sizes in a sediment sample to determine whether the sediment particle composition is suitable for plant growth; the preset standard elevation difference is a preset elevation difference threshold corresponding to the thickness of the sediment layer; and the preset particle analysis standard refers to a preset sediment particle composition standard suitable for plant growth.

[0025] Specifically, before the sedimentation operation begins, multiple monitoring points are evenly distributed on the surface of the upper wet layer base. Initial elevation and coordinate data for each point are collected and recorded. After the sedimentation operation begins, sedimentary elevation data for each monitoring point is collected at a preset cycle, and the collection time is recorded simultaneously. Sediment samples are collected around each monitoring point, and the sample collection location and time are recorded. Particle size distribution analysis is performed on the samples to extract the content data of particles of different sizes. The elevation difference between the sedimentary elevation data and the initial elevation data for each monitoring point is calculated, and the number of monitoring points whose elevation difference reaches the preset standard elevation difference is counted. The number of monitoring points is compared with the preset threshold number of monitoring points, and the particle size distribution analysis results are compared with the preset particle size analysis standard. When the number of monitoring points is greater than or equal to the preset threshold number of monitoring points and the particle size distribution analysis results meet the preset particle size analysis standard, the sedimentation operation is considered complete. If either condition is not met, the sedimentation operation continues, and elevation data and sediment samples are collected and analyzed at the original cycle until the two comparisons are completed.

[0026] Understandably, collecting elevation data and calculating elevation differences can accurately determine the thickness of the sedimentary layer, while particle size distribution analysis can ensure that the sedimentary particle composition is suitable for plant growth needs. This data-driven dual-standard comparison for determining the completion of sedimentation operations avoids the limitations of single-standard judgments, ensures the quality of the sedimentary layer, and lays a good foundation for subsequent plant planting. It avoids the subjectivity and uncertainty of traditional experience-based judgments, ensuring the reliability and scientific rigor of the sedimentation operation's completion.

[0027] The above embodiments, by dividing the restoration areas in stages and implementing differentiated substrate construction strategies, achieve systematic and precise riparian ecological restoration. Step S100 clarifies the boundaries between dry and wet areas based on the shoreline, laying the foundation for subsequent targeted restoration. In step S200, the laying of the base layer and protective layer in the dry area strengthens the stability of the land slope, while the double-layer base design in the wet area provides a stable and ecologically functional basic framework for the construction of the aquatic ecosystem. Step S300 simulates natural hydraulic processes through water flow erosion operations, prompting the upper substrate to form a distribution pattern closer to the natural state. Combined with sedimentation operations, the substrate conditions are further optimized, making the restored riparian substrate more adaptable to natural hydrological dynamics. Step S400 introduces a quantitative monitoring and standard comparison mechanism. Through sedimentary elevation difference and sediment particle size distribution analysis, the completion degree of sedimentation operations is scientifically determined, ensuring the quality of substrate construction and providing a suitable substrate environment for the subsequent growth of aquatic plants. Step S500 involves laying aquatic plant turf on the optimized sedimentary layer surface and installing root anchoring structures. This not only rapidly restores vegetation cover in the riparian zone and allows the plants to fulfill their ecological functions such as soil and water conservation and water purification, but the anchoring structures also effectively prevent plants from lodging due to water erosion during the initial growth stages, improving vegetation survival rates. Step S600, with its observation of plant rooting status and maintenance replanting operations, provides continuous assurance of vegetation restoration. Through dynamic monitoring and timely intervention, it ensures the healthy and stable development of the riparian vegetation community, ultimately achieving the gradual restoration and enhancement of the riparian ecosystem's structure and function, and strengthening the ecological resilience and service functions of the riparian zone.

[0028] Specifically, this involves laying down a basic level of protection and adding a protective layer in the cadre area, including: Clean the surface debris in the cadre area according to the preset laying path, collect the base data after the surface debris is cleaned, lay the base material according to the base data, and lay the protective layer material on top of the base material after the base material is laid. The laying process is carried out in layers, and each layer is compacted after laying. The thickness and density data after compaction are recorded. The base material is river silt, and the thickness of the base material is 25-35 cm, preferably 30 cm.

[0029] Specifically, a lower base and an upper base are laid in the wet area, including: First, lay the lower base in the wet area, then lay the upper base. The upper base is made of natural pebbles, with a thickness of 4-7 cm, preferably 5 cm; The lower base is made of river silt, with a thickness of 24-27 cm, preferably 25 cm.

[0030] The above embodiments, through differentiated base treatment of the dry and wet areas, construct a stable and suitable foundation environment for subsequent ecological restoration. For the dry area, river silt is used as the base material, achieving resource utilization of the silt and reducing waste discharge. The 25-35 cm thickness provides solid support for the upper protective layer. The layered laying and compaction process, combined with the recording of thickness and density data, ensures the stability and load-bearing capacity of the base structure. The addition of a protective layer further enhances the erosion resistance and overall protective effect of the dry area. In the wet area, river silt is used as the lower base material, with a thickness controlled at 24-27 cm, providing a good foundation for the upper structure. A 4-7 cm thick layer of natural pebbles is then laid as the upper base. The gaps between the pebbles serve a filtering function and provide habitat for small aquatic organisms. Simultaneously, their rough surface is conducive to microbial attachment and growth, creating favorable conditions for the construction of the wet area's ecosystem. This regional and tiered base paving scheme fully considers the environmental characteristics and functional needs of different regions, laying a solid physical foundation for the gradual restoration of the riparian ecosystem.

[0031] Specifically, after the double-layer base is laid in the wet area, water erosion operations are initiated. Based on the data collected on the distribution of the upper base during the erosion process, deposition operations are then initiated, including: Collect acceptance data after the double-layer base is laid in the wet area; After confirming that the acceptance data meets the preset acceptance requirements, water erosion operation is initiated. Data on the distribution of natural pebbles during the erosion process is collected. When the distribution data reaches the preset distribution requirements, the water erosion operation is stopped and the sedimentation operation is started.

[0032] It is worth noting that the acceptance data includes data on the laying thickness, compaction, and surface flatness. The preset acceptance requirements are that the thickness of the lower base layer is within the range of 24-27 cm, the thickness of the upper base layer is within the range of 4-7 cm, and the compaction of both layers reaches 85% or more, with a surface flatness error not exceeding ±2 cm. Water erosion operations involve scouring the double-layer base in the wet area with water flow at preset flow rates and velocities. The scouring time is determined based on the initial base area and the preset erosion intensity. During the erosion process, drone aerial photography combined with manual ground sampling is used to periodically collect data on the planar distribution coordinates, elevation changes, and particle size distribution of the upper layer of natural pebbles. The preset distribution requirements refer to the formation of a distribution pattern of natural pebbles that resembles the surrounding natural riverbanks, with certain undulations and porosity. Specifically, the pebble coverage rate should be no less than 80%, forming several micro-topographical areas with a height difference of 5-15 cm. Simultaneously, large-diameter (diameter greater than 10 cm) pebbles should account for no less than 30%, medium-diameter (diameter 5-10 cm) pebbles for 40%-50%, and small-diameter (diameter less than 5 cm) pebbles for no more than 30%. When the collected distribution data meets the above preset distribution requirements, water erosion operations can be stopped, and sedimentation operations can be initiated. This involves introducing water containing specific sediments or directly adding suitable sediment materials to deposit on the surface of the erosion-optimized upper base layer.

[0033] It is worth noting that the water erosion operation does not utilize the original flow of a natural river, but rather employs a pre-designed, controllable water flow simulation device. This device can precisely adjust the flow velocity, volume, and direction to simulate the erosive effects of water flow on the double-layered base under different seasons and hydrological conditions. This promotes a distribution pattern that more closely resembles the dynamics of a natural river, laying a stable foundation for subsequent vegetation planting and ecosystem construction.

[0034] The above embodiments achieve a naturalized treatment of the restoration substrate by pre-laying a double-layer base in the wet area and combining water erosion and deposition operations. The double-layer base design provides a stable foundation structure for subsequent vegetation growth and ecosystem construction, while the water erosion operation simulates the natural flow of water on the riverbank, causing the natural pebbles to redistribute according to certain patterns, making them more consistent with the morphological characteristics of the natural riverbank. When the distribution data of the natural pebbles reaches the preset requirements, erosion stops and deposition operations begin, which can further stabilize the substrate and reduce structural instability caused by water erosion later. This method avoids the ecological incompatibility of traditional artificial hard piling and enhances the self-regulation capacity and ecological function of the riverbank through natural simulation, creating favorable conditions for subsequent vegetation restoration and biodiversity enhancement. The strict acceptance of the laying thickness and density data ensures the quality of the double-layer base from the source, ensuring that it can withstand the water erosion and other operations, and laying a solid foundation for the smooth progress of the entire restoration project.

[0035] Deposition operations, including: Based on the river flow velocity, bamboo bundles are arranged in an array in an insert manner on a double-layer base in the wet area, and a water-blocking structure is set on the outside of the bamboo bundles. The array spacing is 7-9 centimeters; The length of the bamboo bundle is 23-27 cm. The lower part of the bamboo bundle is the bamboo stem, and the upper part retains the bamboo leaves. The bamboo bundle is inserted into the double-layered base to a depth of 15-17 cm; the length of the part exposed in contact with the water is 8-10 cm.

[0036] Understandably, the bamboo stems of the bamboo bundles possess strong rigidity, allowing them to be firmly inserted into the double-layered base, ensuring the entire array is not easily toppled under the impact of water flow. The upper part, retaining the bamboo leaves, forms a dense interception net. When suspended particles in the river flow past, the bamboo leaves effectively adsorb and block them, promoting the gradual settling of sediments such as silt in the wet area. The water-retaining structure further slows the water flow, providing a more favorable environment for the sedimentation process, enabling efficient and stable sedimentation operations and laying a solid foundation for subsequent riparian ecological restoration and vegetation reconstruction.

[0037] Specifically, based on the river flow velocity, bundles of bamboo branches are arranged in an inserted array on a double-layered base in the wet area, including: Collect real-time flow velocity data of the river, record the collection time, collection point and flow velocity value, and determine the arrangement spacing and layout of the bamboo branch bundle array based on the flow velocity data; Pre-treat the bamboo bundles by cutting them to the preset length; Mark the insertion points of the bamboo bundles on the base surface in the wet area according to the determined arrangement and spacing, and record the coordinate data of the insertion points; Insert the bundle of bamboo branches vertically into the double-layered base in the wet area along the marked points; Specifically, a water-blocking structure is installed on the outside of the bamboo bundle, including: After the bamboo branch bundle array is arranged, mark the installation points of the water-blocking structure at a preset distance on the outside of the array, collect the coordinate data of the installation points, fix the water-blocking structure at the installation points, keep the water-blocking structure parallel to the bamboo branch bundle array, and record the installation status data and position data of the water-blocking structure.

[0038] It is worth noting that the water-retaining structure is not simply a physical barrier, but rather works synergistically with the bamboo bundle array through its specific height and porosity design. Firstly, the water-retaining structure provides initial buffering and guidance to the river flow, reducing the velocity of the water directly impacting the bamboo bundle array. This reduces the risk of the bamboo bundles collapsing or shifting due to water erosion, ensuring the stability of the array. Simultaneously, the water flow, initially slowed by the water-retaining structure, experiences further reduced turbulence upon entering the bamboo bundle array area, allowing suspended particles to settle more effectively through the interception and adsorption of the bamboo bundles. The height of the water-retaining structure must be comprehensively considered based on the normal and flood levels of the wetland area. It must ensure its buffering and guiding function at normal water levels while avoiding significant obstruction of flood flow during floods. The porosity selection must balance the water-retaining effect with water exchange requirements; too high a porosity will fail to provide effective slowing, while too low a porosity may lead to localized water level rises, affecting the hydrodynamic circulation within the area. The refined arrangement and installation of the bamboo bundle array and water-blocking structure can significantly improve the water flow regulation capacity and pollutant interception and purification effect in the wet area, laying a solid physical foundation for the gradual restoration of the riparian ecosystem.

[0039] Specifically, an aquatic plant lawn is laid on the surface of the sedimentary layer, and a root anchoring structure is installed, including: The surface of the sediment layer is pretreated, including cleaning of surface scum, smoothing of flatness and humidity detection, in order to obtain a suitable substrate environment for the laying of aquatic plants. The laying range and density of aquatic plant lawn are determined based on the substrate environment, and the elevation information and soil property information of the substrate are extracted. Based on elevation and soil characteristics, select suitable aquatic plant species and plan the lawn laying sequence; Aquatic plants are laid on the surface of the sediment layer according to the planned laying range, density and sequence to form an aquatic plant lawn; Define the target area where a fixing structure needs to be set up around the plant roots, set up the installation points for the fixing structure within the target area, and attach and fix the fixing structure to the plant roots to complete the setting of the plant root fixing structure.

[0040] Specifically, the aquatic plant species are local riparian benthic aquatic plants, and the setting parameters of the fixing structure include fixing depth, layout spacing and tightness of fit.

[0041] It is worth noting that during the installation of aquatic plant lawns and the setting of root anchoring structures, dynamic monitoring of environmental factors must be conducted simultaneously. Key monitoring indicators include water transparency, dissolved oxygen content, redox potential of the sediment layer, and the photosynthetic rate and growth of aquatic plants. Real-time data collection allows for timely assessment of the aquatic plants' adaptation status and the impact of the anchoring structure on root development. If monitoring reveals yellowing leaves, stunted growth, or root floating in localized areas, the cause must be analyzed immediately. If abnormal substrate humidity is identified, surrounding water replenishment or drainage measures should be adjusted. If the anchoring structure is too tight, obstructing root respiration, the anchoring structure at the corresponding location should be loosened to ensure rapid establishment and propagation of aquatic plants in a stable microenvironment. Meanwhile, the material selection for the fixing structure must meet the requirements of eco-friendliness, giving priority to biodegradable natural fiber composite materials or environmentally friendly materials such as bamboo and wood treated with anti-corrosion, to avoid secondary pollution to the water body and sediment layer. The design of the fixing structure should reserve space for the natural extension of plant roots, and the spacing of its layout should be determined according to the root extension characteristics of the selected aquatic plants, usually controlled within 1.2-1.5 times the average root extension radius of the plants, so as to promote the natural succession of aquatic plant communities while ensuring the fixing effect.

[0042] The above embodiments, by constructing a stable aquatic plant community foundation on the sedimentary layer surface, lay the core vegetation support for subsequent stages of riparian ecological restoration. Through meticulous pretreatment of the substrate environment, it is ensured that aquatic plants can quickly adapt and take root. The scientific selection of local dominant benthic aquatic plants not only improves plant survival rates and adaptability but also aligns better with the natural laws of the local ecosystem, facilitating the construction of a self-sustaining native plant community. The precise design of the plant root anchoring structure effectively solves the problem of aquatic plants being easily eroded by water flow or affected by substrate instability during initial planting. The selection of environmentally friendly materials and the design of reserved space for root extension not only avoids secondary ecological pollution but also provides a guarantee for the natural development of plant roots and community succession. Simultaneous dynamic monitoring of environmental factors acts like "smart eyes" for the ecological restoration process, capturing subtle correlations between plant growth and environmental changes in real time. By adjusting management measures promptly, it ensures that aquatic plants can quickly establish and propagate in the optimal microenvironment, thereby efficiently improving the stability of sedimentary layers, improving water quality, and laying a solid vegetation foundation for the overall restoration of riparian ecosystems.

[0043] Specifically, this involves observing the rooting status of plants and carrying out maintenance and replanting operations, including: Collect data on plant root growth and overall plant status, and extract information on root exposure, root length, and plant withering and decay. Based on information on exposed roots, root length, and plant withering and decay, determine whether the rooting status of the plant meets the standards and formulate a maintenance and replanting plan. Plants that do not meet the standards for root development should be marked, and root protection and soil improvement should be carried out according to the maintenance plan. Withered and decaying plants should be removed.

[0044] Specifically, the criteria for judging whether the rooting status meets the standards include the root depth, root integrity, and plant survival status. The maintenance and replanting parameters include the spacing between replanted plants, the root fixation strength, and the amount of soil amendment material used.

[0045] It is worth noting that for plants with exposed but not completely withered roots, eco-friendly mulching materials should be used to wrap and protect the roots, with a mulch thickness of 3-5 cm. This ensures effective fixation of the soil around the roots without affecting normal root respiration and water absorption. For plants with insufficient root length, a mixture of well-rotted organic fertilizer and river sand (3:1 ratio) should be applied within 25-35 cm of the roots during soil improvement to improve soil aeration and fertility, promoting root extension into deeper soil layers. During replanting, the spacing between replanted plants should be dynamically adjusted based on the growth characteristics of the existing plants and the expected community density, generally maintaining a spacing of 50-80 cm to ensure reasonable growth space between the new and existing plants and avoid resource competition. Simultaneously, biodegradable fiber netting should be used to fix the roots of the replanted plants. The fixation strength should be sufficient to withstand daily water flow impact without hindering natural root expansion, and the fixation depth should reach 1.5 times the length of the new plant's root system to ensure initial planting stability. The amount of soil amendment material used is determined based on soil test results. The application rate is controlled at 15-20 kg per square meter of the amended area, and it must be evenly mixed into the soil layer at a depth of 20-25-35 cm to ensure a uniform and lasting amendment effect. Through the above-mentioned meticulous maintenance and replanting operations, the overall survival rate of the plant community can be significantly improved, promoting the rapid recovery and stable growth of riparian vegetation.

[0046] The above embodiments, through a phased and progressive ecological restoration strategy, organically combine observation and monitoring, status assessment, precise maintenance, and dynamic replanting, achieving scientific management of the riparian vegetation restoration process. From data collection on plant rooting status to the formulation and implementation of maintenance and replanting plans, each step is based on specific quantitative indicators and ecological needs. Differentiated treatment measures are adopted for plants with different rooting problems, reflecting both environmental friendliness and ensuring the targeted and effective nature of the restoration measures. This refined operational process not only significantly improves the overall survival rate of plant communities and accelerates the natural restoration process of riparian vegetation, but also helps to build a structurally stable and functionally complete riparian ecosystem, laying a solid foundation for the long-term ecological health of the riparian zone.

[0047] As can be seen, this invention constructs a phased and progressive closed-loop system for ecological restoration, dividing the riparian ecological restoration process into multiple closely connected stages. Each stage is based on the observation and monitoring data and status assessment results of the previous stage, and the ecological restoration process is precisely and dynamically adjusted. By dividing the riverbank into dry and wet zones along the shoreline, a targeted approach was adopted. In the dry zone, a base layer of riverbed silt and a protective layer were laid, while in the wet zone, a lower base layer of riverbed silt and an upper base layer of natural pebbles were laid. After the double-layer base was inspected and approved, water erosion operations were initiated, and sedimentation operations were started based on the distribution data of the pebbles. During the sedimentation process, elevation data was collected, sediment particle size distribution was analyzed, and the completion of the operation was determined by combining two preset standards. Subsequently, native dominant aquatic plant lawns were laid according to the base environment, and root fixing structures were set up. Combined with the observation of plant rooting status and maintenance and replanting operations, the entire process was supported by data collection and precise control. This approach effectively solved the problems of weak targeting, uncontrollable restoration process, and poor plant establishment stability in existing riverbank ecological restoration operations. It took into account the adaptability and orderliness of restoration operations, reduced restoration costs, improved the riverbank's soil and water conservation, water purification capacity, and long-term vegetation coverage, and achieved efficient and sustainable restoration of the riverbank's ecological functions.

[0048] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program goods. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program goods embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0049] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program goods according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0050] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0051] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phased and progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zones, characterized in that, include: The riverbank area is used as the boundary to divide the cadre area and the wetland area; In the cadre area, a base layer is laid and a protective layer is added; in the wet area, a lower base layer and an upper base layer are laid. After the double-layer base is laid in the wet area, water erosion operation is started. Based on the data on the distribution of the upper base during the erosion process, deposition operation is started. The initial elevation data of the upper base before the deposition operation and the deposition elevation data during the deposition operation are collected. Sediment samples are collected and particle size distribution analysis is performed on the samples. The elevation difference between the deposition elevation data and the initial elevation data is calculated. The deposition operation is judged as complete based on the comparison results of the elevation difference and particle size distribution analysis with the preset standard elevation difference and preset particle analysis standard, respectively. When the elevation difference reaches the preset standard elevation difference and the particle size distribution analysis result meets the preset particle analysis standard, the deposition operation is deemed complete. If the elevation difference does not reach the preset standard elevation difference or the particle size distribution analysis result does not meet the preset particle analysis standard, the deposition operation continues and data is collected until the deposition operation is completed. After the sedimentation operation is completed, an aquatic plant lawn is laid on the surface of the sediment layer, and a root anchoring structure is set up. Observe the rooting status of the plants and carry out maintenance and replanting operations.

2. The phased and progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laying of a base layer and the addition of a protective layer in the cadre area includes: Clean the surface debris in the cadre area according to the preset laying path, collect the base data after the surface debris is cleaned, lay the base material according to the base data, and lay the protective layer material on top of the base material after the base material is laid. The laying process is carried out in layers, and each layer is compacted after laying. The thickness and density data after compaction are recorded. The base material is river silt, and the thickness of the base material is 25-35 cm.

3. The phased and progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zones according to claim 2, characterized in that, The laying of a lower base and an upper base in the wet area includes: First, lay the lower base in the wet area, then lay the upper base. The upper base is made of natural pebbles and is 4-7 cm thick; The lower base is made of river silt and is 24-27 cm thick.

4. The phased and progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the double-layer base is laid in the wet area, water erosion operation is initiated. Based on the data collected on the distribution of the upper base during the erosion process, deposition operation is initiated, including: Collect acceptance data after the double-layer base is laid in the wet area; After confirming that the acceptance data meets the preset acceptance requirements, water erosion operation is initiated. Data on the distribution of natural pebbles during the erosion process is collected. When the distribution data reaches the preset distribution requirements, the water erosion operation is stopped and the sedimentation operation is started. The acceptance data includes laying thickness data and compaction data.

5. The phased and progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zones according to claim 4, characterized in that, The deposition operation includes: According to the river flow velocity, bamboo bundles are arranged in an array in an insert manner on the double-layer base in the wet area, and a water-blocking structure is set on the outside of the bamboo bundles; The array is spaced 7-9 centimeters apart; The length of the bamboo branch bundle is 23-27 cm, the lower part of the bamboo branch bundle is the bamboo stem, and the upper part retains the bamboo leaves; The bamboo bundle is inserted into the double-layer base to a depth of 15-17 cm; the length of the part exposed in contact with the water is 8-10 cm.

6. The phased and progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of arranging bamboo bundles in an inserted array on a double-layered base in the wet area according to the river flow velocity includes: Collect real-time flow velocity data of the river, record the collection time, collection point and flow velocity value, and determine the arrangement spacing and layout of the bamboo branch bundle array based on the flow velocity data; Pre-treat the bamboo bundles by cutting them to the preset length; Mark the insertion points of the bamboo bundles on the base surface in the wet area according to the determined arrangement and spacing, and record the coordinate data of the insertion points; Insert the bundle of bamboo branches vertically into the double-layered base in the wet area along the marked points.

7. The phased and progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zones according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method of laying aquatic plant lawn on the surface of the sedimentary layer and setting up a plant root fixing structure includes: The surface of the sediment layer is pretreated, including cleaning of surface scum, smoothing of flatness and humidity detection, in order to obtain a substrate environment suitable for the laying of aquatic plants; Based on the substrate environment, the laying range and density of the aquatic plant lawn are determined, and the elevation information and soil characteristic information of the substrate are extracted. Based on the elevation and soil characteristics information, select suitable aquatic plant species and plan the lawn laying sequence. The aquatic plants are laid on the surface of the sediment layer according to the planned laying range, density and sequence to form an aquatic plant lawn; Define the target area where a fixing structure needs to be set up around the plant roots, set up the installation points for the fixing structure within the target area, and attach and fix the fixing structure to the plant roots to complete the setting of the plant root fixing structure.

8. The phased and progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zones according to claim 7, characterized in that, The aquatic plant species are local riparian benthic aquatic plants, and the setting parameters of the fixing structure include fixing depth, layout spacing and fitting tightness.

9. The phased and progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The observation of plant rooting status and the implementation of maintenance and replanting operations include: Collect data on plant root growth and overall plant status, and extract information on root exposure, root length, and plant withering and decay. Based on the information on exposed roots, root length, and plant withering and decay, determine whether the rooting status of the plant meets the standards and formulate a maintenance and replanting plan. Plants that do not meet the standards for root development should be marked, and root protection and soil improvement should be carried out according to the maintenance plan. Withered and decaying plants should be removed.

10. The phased and progressive ecological restoration method for riparian zones according to claim 9, characterized in that, The criteria for judging whether the rooting status meets the standards include root depth, root integrity, and plant survival status. The maintenance and replanting parameters include the spacing between replanted plants, root fixation strength, and the amount of soil amendment material used.

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