Electrochemical energy storage device for preventing spontaneous combustion and monitoring method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrochemical energy storage device capable of preventing spontaneous combustion and a monitoring method of the electrochemical energy storage device, efficient operation and all-around safety protection of the energy storage device are achieved through intelligent temperature control, automatic adjustment and fault handling, and the device comprises a plurality of energy storage units and at least one standby energy storage unit. Intelligent temperature control and cooling adjustment are achieved through the adjusting ring and the strain column, when the temperature of the battery cell rises, the adjusting ring automatically adjusts the flow of cooling liquid, and the heat dissipation effect is enhanced; if the temperature of the battery cell is continuously too high, the strain column expands to disconnect the conductive column, a circuit is automatically cut off, fire hazards caused by overheating are prevented, meanwhile, the fault battery cell can be automatically popped out through the cooling liquid softening release plate, it is ensured that the battery cell can be rapidly isolated under the conditions of spontaneous combustion and the like, and in addition, the system can be automatically switched to the standby energy storage unit; the continuous and stable operation of the device in case of failure is ensured, and an efficient, safe and intelligent electrochemical energy storage solution is provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an electrochemical energy storage device for preventing spontaneous combustion and a monitoring method thereof, and in particular to an electrochemical energy storage device for preventing spontaneous combustion and a monitoring method thereof applied in the field of electrochemical energy storage technology. Background Art

[0002] With the development of electrochemical energy storage technology, energy storage devices are increasingly used in the fields of renewable energy power generation, smart grids, etc. However, the battery cells in the energy storage equipment will generate a lot of heat during the charging and discharging process. If the heat dissipation is not timely or improperly managed, it is easy to cause the battery cell temperature to be too high or even cause spontaneous combustion, causing serious safety hazards. In the prior art, although a variety of design solutions have been proposed to prevent battery overheating or spontaneous combustion, there are still deficiencies in heat dissipation efficiency, handling of faulty battery cells, and the system's ability to continue operating.

[0003] Chinese invention patent CN117673568B discloses an intelligent microgrid distributed power supply, which uses a bottom blowing component and a monitoring and management component to cut off power and isolate the battery when it spontaneously combusts. At the same time, the device can push the spontaneously combusting battery away from its original position to prevent adjacent batteries from being affected. Although the design can effectively control the risk of spontaneous combustion and facilitate maintenance operations, its limitation is that it relies on external wind power and physical structure for fire extinguishing and isolation. The system itself does not effectively manage the heat dissipation and temperature control inside the battery. In addition, the system mainly focuses on external blockade and isolation, rather than temperature monitoring and adaptive adjustment inside the battery, and cannot fundamentally solve the problem of battery cell overheating.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN107004924B introduces a battery module with a cooling duct, which forms airflow outside the battery through the cooling duct and fan to help dissipate heat. However, the limitation is that its cooling method mainly relies on external airflow, and the cooling effect is easily affected by the external ambient temperature and humidity. It cannot effectively cope with the sharp rise in the internal temperature of the battery. In addition, the patent fails to provide an automatic power-off or fault handling mechanism when the battery is overheated, and there is still a risk of spontaneous combustion. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to solve the risk of spontaneous combustion caused by overheating of the battery cell and ensure the continuous operation of the energy storage device in the event of a fault.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an electrochemical energy storage device for preventing spontaneous combustion and a monitoring method thereof, including a battery pack, the battery pack is composed of a plurality of conventional energy storage units and at least one spare energy storage unit, the energy storage unit and the spare energy storage unit both include a liquid inlet box, a plurality of battery cells are slidably connected in the liquid inlet box, a top cover is fixedly connected to the top of the battery cell, a lower conductive column is electrically connected to the top electrode of the battery cell, an upper conductive column is fixedly connected to the top of the lower conductive column, the lower conductive column and the upper conductive column are fixedly connected to the same strain column, an adjustment ring is provided on the outer side of the lower conductive column, the lower conductive column and the adjustment ring are 0.5-1 mm apart, an outer conductive column is fixedly connected to the top of the battery cell, and the outer conductive column is connected to the battery cell. Another electrode is electrically connected, the outer ends of multiple adjustment rings are fixedly connected to the same partition, the outer walls of multiple upper conductive columns near their top ends are fixedly connected to the same upper cooling plate, a reflux box plate is fixedly connected between the partition and the upper cooling plate, a reflux chamber is formed between the partition, the upper cooling plate and the reflux box plate, and a plurality of reflux pipes are arranged at the outer end of the reflux box plate, the top ends of multiple upper conductive columns and outer conductive columns all penetrate the upper cooling plate, and the penetrated parts are fixedly connected to wires, a plurality of liquid inlet pipes are fixedly connected to the outer end of the liquid inlet box, the liquid inlet box is a hollow structure, and the hollow structure of the liquid inlet box and the reflux chamber are filled with coolant, and the working pressure of the coolant is maintained in the range of 100kPa to 300kPa.

[0007] In the above-mentioned electrochemical energy storage device for preventing spontaneous combustion and the monitoring method thereof, real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of the battery cell temperature are achieved through the design of the shape memory alloy adjustment ring and the strain column. When the battery cell temperature rises, the adjustment ring will automatically change the coolant flow rate to ensure that the heat dissipation effect is dynamically adjusted with the temperature change. When the temperature continues to rise and cannot be effectively cooled, the strain column expands to disconnect the circuit to prevent the overheated battery cell from continuing to generate heat. In addition, the present invention also designs an automatic ejection mechanism for the faulty battery cell to ensure that the battery cell can be quickly isolated when it spontaneously combusts or is severely overheated to avoid a chain reaction.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present application, through holes are provided at the bottom of the liquid inlet box and at positions corresponding to the multiple battery cells, and release plates are fixedly connected in the through holes, the outer end of the release plate is fixedly connected to the liquid inlet box, and the top of the release plate is against the bottom of the battery cell.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present application, the release plate is made of polyvinyl pyrrolidone material, the lower conductive column and the upper conductive column are electrically connected to each other near one end, and a breaking opening is opened at the connection position.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present application, a battery pack case is fixedly connected to the outer end of the battery pack, and a plurality of liquid inlet main pipes and return main pipes are fixedly connected to the outer end of the battery pack case.

[0011] As another improvement of the present application, the liquid inlet main pipe and the return main pipe are respectively connected to multiple liquid inlet pipes at the outer end of the liquid inlet box and multiple return pipes at the outer end of the return box plate.

[0012] As another improved supplement of the present application, the liquid inlet main pipe and the return main pipe are fixedly connected to the same liquid storage tank at one end away from the battery pack body, a circulation pump is provided in the liquid storage tank, and a top plate is fixedly connected to the top of the battery pack body.

[0013] As another improved supplement of the present application, the strain column is made of thermal expansion material, the adjustment ring is made of shape memory alloy, and the coolant is made of a mixture of water and propylene glycol.

[0014] An electrochemical energy storage device for preventing spontaneous combustion and a monitoring method thereof, comprising the following steps;

[0015] S1: The coolant is injected into the liquid inlet tank through multiple liquid inlet pipes, and the coolant flows upward from the liquid inlet tank, passes through the battery cells, and flows into the reflux chamber from between the lower conductive column and the adjustment ring. The coolant flows back to the liquid storage tank through the reflux pipe;

[0016] S2: When the battery cell heats up, the adjustment ring deforms due to the temperature change, and the gap between the lower conductive column and the adjustment ring is adjusted to increase the flow of coolant flowing through the battery cell to take away more heat;

[0017] S3: When a battery cell continues to heat up and the coolant cannot effectively cool it down, the strain post expands, causing the connection between the lower conductive post and the upper conductive post to break, and causing the battery cell to slide under the action of the strain post;

[0018] S4: When the battery cell is seriously heated, the coolant flows downward through the release plate. The release plate softens due to contact with the coolant, and the battery cell pops out of the liquid inlet tank under the action of the coolant pressure, preventing further safety hazards;

[0019] S5: After the battery cell breaks or pops out, it automatically switches to the backup energy storage unit to ensure the continuous operation of the energy storage device.

[0020] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The beneficial effects of this patent are reflected in the following aspects:

[0022] 1. Intelligent temperature control and cooling regulation. This patent realizes intelligent temperature control and cooling regulation functions through the design of adjustment ring and strain column. The adjustment ring is made of shape memory alloy and can automatically adjust its shape according to the temperature change of the battery cell to adjust the flow of coolant. When the temperature of the battery cell rises, the adjustment ring increases the gap between the lower conductive column and the adjustment ring, allowing more coolant to flow through the area, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation effect. This automated heat dissipation regulation mechanism improves the safety and operating efficiency of the energy storage device.

[0023] 2. High-efficiency cooling system. Through the design of the liquid inlet tank, reflux chamber, liquid inlet pipe and reflux pipe, the coolant can circulate efficiently in the battery pack. The coolant is a mixture of water and propylene glycol, which has high heat conduction efficiency and good low-temperature performance and can adapt to a variety of environmental conditions. A circulating pump is installed in the liquid storage tank to ensure that the coolant can circulate continuously in the system, effectively taking away the heat generated by the battery cell during operation, and avoiding overheating of the battery cell causing failure or spontaneous combustion.

[0024] 3. Power-off and fault protection. The strain column designed in this patent is a thermal expansion material. It can expand when the temperature of the battery cell is too high, causing the connection between the lower conductive column and the upper conductive column to break, automatically cutting off the circuit to prevent faults or fires caused by continuous heating of the battery cell. The power-off mechanism ensures that when the coolant cannot effectively cool down, the system can cut off the battery cell current in time to prevent more serious safety problems.

[0025] 4. The faulty battery cell will pop out automatically. When the coolant cannot effectively cool the battery cell, the faulty battery cell will soften the release plate through the coolant and automatically slide out of the liquid inlet tank under the action of the coolant pressure, which can quickly isolate the faulty battery cell to prevent it from affecting the normal operation of other battery cells. Especially in extreme cases such as spontaneous combustion of the battery cell, the coolant can not only play a fire extinguishing role, but also quickly discharge the problem battery cell out of the system through the release plate, thereby improving the safety of the device.

[0026] 5. Switching of backup energy storage units. This patent adopts the design of backup energy storage units. When a battery cell fails or breaks, the system can automatically switch to the backup energy storage unit to ensure the continuous operation of the entire battery pack. Even if a single battery cell fails, the battery pack can still work normally, and the entire system will not be shut down due to the failure of a certain battery cell, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the device.

[0027] 6. Multiple protection mechanisms. The multiple protection design of this patent, including intelligent temperature control, coolant circulation, strain column power-off mechanism and automatic ejection of faulty batteries, forms a complete protection system. These functions can work together to effectively deal with battery overheating, failure and spontaneous combustion, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the battery pack. At the same time, the automatic switching function of the backup energy storage unit ensures the continuous operation of the system in the event of a failure, preventing system shutdown or performance degradation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 Partial explosion for this application Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 2 Partial explosion for this application Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 3 This is an overall exploded view of this application;

[0031] Figure 4 The local structure of this application Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a partial front view of this application;

[0033] Figure 6 For this application Figure 5 Middle AA section view;

[0034] Figure 7 It is an overall top view of this application;

[0035] Figure 8 For this application Figure 7 Middle BB section view;

[0036] Fig. 9 For this application Figure 8 Middle CC section view;

[0037] Fig.10 For this application Figure 8 Middle DD section view;

[0038] Fig.11 For this application Figure 8 Enlarged view of point E in the middle;

[0039] Fig.12 This is the appearance structure diagram of this application.

[0040] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0041] 1. Liquid inlet tank; 2. Battery cell; 3. Top cover; 4. Lower conductive column; 5. Upper conductive column; 6. Strain column; 7. Adjustment ring; 8. Outer conductive column; 9. Partition; 10. Upper cooling plate; 11. Reflux box plate; 12. Wire; 13. Release plate; 14. Battery pack box; 15. Liquid inlet main pipe; 16. Reflux main pipe; 17. Liquid storage tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Three embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, this embodiment describes a cooling system for an electrochemical energy storage device that prevents spontaneous combustion and its automatic adjustment function.

[0045] In this embodiment, the battery pack includes multiple conventional energy storage units and at least one backup energy storage unit. Each energy storage unit and the backup energy storage unit are equipped with a liquid inlet tank 1. The hollow structure of the liquid inlet tank 1 is filled with coolant. The working pressure of the coolant is maintained in the range of 100 kPa to 300 kPa. Multiple battery cells 2 are slidably installed in the liquid inlet tank 1, and the top of the battery cell 2 is fixedly connected to a top cover 3.

[0046] The top electrode of the battery cell 2 is electrically connected via the lower conductive column 4, and the top of the lower conductive column 4 is fixedly connected to the upper conductive column 5, and a strain column 6 is built between the upper and lower conductive columns for expansion adjustment when the temperature changes.

[0047] An adjustment ring 7 is provided on the outer side of the lower conductive column 4. The gap between the adjustment ring 7 and the lower conductive column 4 is 0.51 mm. The adjustment ring 7 is proportional to the temperature. When the temperature rises, the adjustment ring 7 will deform to change the distance between the lower conductive column 4 and it. The outer ends of multiple adjustment rings 7 are fixedly connected to the same partition 9. A reflux box plate 11 is fixedly connected between the partition 9 and the upper cooling plate 10. The outer end of the reflux box plate 11 is provided with multiple reflux pipes for the reflux of the coolant. The outer walls of multiple upper conductive columns 5 near the top are fixedly connected to the same upper cooling plate 10. The outer conductive column 8 passes through the upper cooling plate 10 and is electrically connected to the other electrode of the battery cell 2.

[0048] The liquid inlet tank 1 is connected to the battery pack case 14 through a plurality of liquid inlet pipes. A through hole is provided at the bottom end of the liquid inlet tank 1 and at the corresponding positions of the plurality of battery cells 2. A release plate 13 is fixedly connected in the through hole. The top end of the release plate 13 is against the bottom end of the battery cell 2 and is used to support the battery cell. When the release plate 13 is softened by water or coolant, the release plate 13 can unlock the position of the battery cell 2, and the battery cell 2 slides out of the liquid inlet tank 1 under the pressure of the coolant.

[0049] During the operation of the device, the coolant enters the liquid inlet tank 1 through the liquid inlet main pipe 15, flows through the battery cell 2 and flows back to the liquid storage tank through the reflux chamber and the reflux pipe, forming a circulating cooling system. When the temperature of the battery cell 2 is normal, the coolant flows through the small gap between the lower conductive column 4 and the adjustment ring 7 to perform proper heat dissipation.

[0050] When the temperature of a certain battery cell 2 rises rapidly, the adjustment ring 7 corresponding to the battery cell 2 will deform due to the temperature change, increasing the gap between the lower conductive column 4 and the adjustment ring 7, allowing more coolant to pass through the area to increase the heat dissipation effect.

[0051] If the temperature of the battery cell 2 continues to rise, the strain column 6 will expand, causing the connection between the upper and lower conductive columns to gradually weaken. At the same time, the coolant continues to flow, taking away more heat to prevent the battery cell 2 from self-igniting.

[0052] When the temperature of the battery cell 2 is too high and the coolant cannot cool it effectively, the release plate 13 softens under the action of the coolant, and the battery cell 2 slides out of the liquid inlet tank 1 under the action of pressure, thereby realizing the automatic discharge of the faulty battery cell.

[0053] Through the design of the liquid inlet tank 1 and the return tank plate 11, it is ensured that the coolant flows effectively under a working pressure of 100 kPa to 300 kPa, maintaining the temperature of the battery cell 2 stable and avoiding spontaneous combustion caused by overheating.

[0054] The automatic deformation function of the adjustment ring 7 adjusts the flow rate of the coolant according to the temperature change, ensuring that the heat dissipation effect is dynamically adjusted as the temperature of the battery cell 2 changes, thereby improving the adaptive ability and safety of the system.

[0055] The design of the strain column 6 and the upper and lower conductive columns provides a physical disconnection mechanism. When the temperature of the battery cell 2 is too high, the current is cut off by expansion to prevent more serious faults from occurring.

[0056] The sliding design of the release plate 13 and the battery cell 2 can automatically eject the problematic battery cell when the battery cell 2 spontaneously ignites or is severely overheated, thereby preventing the faulty battery cell from affecting the safety of the entire battery pack.

[0057] The battery pack box 14 is connected to the coolant circulation system through the liquid inlet pipe 15 and the return pipe 16 to ensure that the coolant circulates stably between the energy storage units, making the cooling effect more uniform and reliable.

[0058] It not only effectively prevents spontaneous combustion of battery cells, but also provides the functions of adaptive heat dissipation and automatic discharge of faulty battery cells when problems occur in the device, thereby improving the safety and stability of the electrochemical energy storage device.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, based on Example 1, this embodiment further enhances the safety of the electrochemical energy storage device, especially when a battery cell fails or spontaneously ignites, the fault is handled by power off, coolant extinguishing and automatic ejection mechanism.

[0061] In this embodiment, the battery pack also includes multiple conventional energy storage units and at least one backup energy storage unit. The liquid inlet tank 1 is filled with coolant, which is made of a mixture of water and propylene glycol and has good heat transfer performance and temperature control effects. The battery cell 2 is slidably connected to the liquid inlet tank 1, and a top cover 3 is fixedly connected to the top. The top electrode of the battery cell 2 is connected through a lower conductive column 4, and an upper conductive column 5 is fixedly connected to the top of the lower conductive column 4. A breaking opening is provided at the connection position between the upper and lower conductive columns to cut off the circuit when the battery cell is overheated.

[0062] A strain column 6 is fixedly connected inside the lower conductive column 4 and the upper conductive column 5. The strain column 6 is made of a thermal expansion material and can expand and break with temperature changes. An adjustment ring 7 is provided on the outer side of the lower conductive column 4. The adjustment ring 7 is made of a shape memory alloy and can automatically adjust its shape according to the temperature of the battery cell 2, thereby increasing or decreasing the gap between the lower conductive column 4 and the adjustment ring 7.

[0063] The liquid storage tank 17 is fixedly connected to the far ends of the liquid inlet main pipe 15 and the return main pipe 16. The liquid storage tank 17 is equipped with a circulation pump inside to maintain the stable circulation of the coolant between the liquid inlet tank 1 and the return system. The liquid storage tank 17 further enhances the storage and management functions of the coolant to ensure that the flow of the coolant will not be interrupted during long-term use. A top plate is fixed to the top of the battery pack box 14 to protect the entire battery system.

[0064] The release plate 13 is made of polyvinyl pyrrolidone material. When spontaneous combustion or severe overheating occurs, the coolant can quickly soften it and help the battery cell 2 to be separated from the liquid inlet tank 1.

[0065] During normal operation, the coolant flows from the liquid storage tank 17 into the liquid inlet tank 1 through the liquid inlet pipe 15, then passes through the battery cell 2, takes away the heat generated by the battery cell, and then flows back to the liquid storage tank 17 through the return pipe 16. The circulation pump ensures that the coolant continues to flow in the entire system to maintain the temperature of the battery cell within a safe range. The adjustment ring 7 automatically adjusts its shape according to the temperature change of the battery cell 2, and adjusts the flow rate of the coolant by increasing or decreasing the gap between the lower conductive column 4 and the adjustment ring 7, thereby adaptively enhancing the heat dissipation effect.

[0066] When the temperature of a battery cell 2 continues to rise and reaches a dangerous level, the strain column 6 will begin to expand due to its thermal expansion characteristics. When the strain column 6 expands to a certain extent, it will cause the expansion joint between the lower conductive column 4 and the upper conductive column 5 to break, cutting off the circuit of the battery cell and preventing further failures caused by overheating.

[0067] Once the temperature of the battery cell 2 exceeds the control range of the cooling system, the coolant will not only fail to effectively cool it down, but may also cause spontaneous combustion. At this time, the coolant flows through the release plate 13, and the release plate 13 quickly softens under the action of the coolant. As the release plate 13 softens, the battery cell 2 slides out of the liquid inlet tank 1 under the pressure of the coolant and pops out automatically, thereby effectively isolating the faulty battery cell and preventing it from affecting the normal operation of other battery cells.

[0068] When the upper and lower conductive posts of a battery cell 2 are broken, the battery pack control system will automatically detect the fault and quickly switch to the backup energy storage unit to ensure that the overall function of the battery pack is not affected by the failure of a single battery cell and to ensure continuous and stable operation of the system.

[0069] Through the thermal expansion characteristics of the strain column 6 and the shape memory function of the adjustment ring 7, the device can automatically sense the temperature changes of the battery cell 2 and disconnect the expansion joint in time to avoid spontaneous combustion or battery damage caused by overheating. This design greatly improves the safety and intelligence level of the system.

[0070] Through the provision of the liquid storage tank 17 and the circulation pump, the coolant can circulate efficiently throughout the system to ensure the cooling effect during long-term use. At the same time, the water and propylene glycol mixture coolant has a higher boiling point and a lower freezing point, and can adapt to a variety of environmental conditions, further improving the adaptability of the system.

[0071] The release plate 13 made of polyvinyl pyrrolidone material can quickly soften and release the battery cell 2 in the event of spontaneous combustion or severe overheating, and eject the problematic battery cell into the liquid tank 1 under the action of the coolant pressure, thereby avoiding the influence of the faulty battery cell on the entire battery pack and further improving the safety of the system.

[0072] When cell 2 fails, the system can automatically switch to the backup energy storage unit to ensure the normal operation of the battery pack. Even in the event of individual cell failure, the system can maintain stable operation and avoid shutdown of the entire energy storage device, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the system.

[0073] Example 2 provides a complete fault handling mechanism to ensure that the energy storage device can still ensure system safety under high temperature, fault or spontaneous combustion conditions, effectively prevent the fault from spreading and ensure the continuous operation of the equipment.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, based on Example 1 and Example 2, Example 3 introduces a more detailed monitoring method to ensure that the system can automatically respond in a high temperature environment and realize intelligent heat dissipation, emergency power off and battery cell ejection functions. This embodiment provides a specific implementation method and working process for monitoring coolant flow, battery cell temperature changes and fault handling during device operation.

[0076] In this embodiment, the battery pack is composed of a plurality of conventional energy storage units and at least one backup energy storage unit, each of the energy storage unit and the backup energy storage unit includes a liquid inlet tank 1, a plurality of battery cells 2 are slidably connected in the liquid inlet tank 1, the top of the battery cell 2 is fixedly connected to the top cover 3, the battery cell 2 is connected to the upper conductive column 5 through the lower conductive column 4, and a breaking opening is provided at the connection between the lower conductive column 4 and the upper conductive column 5, which is used to cut off the circuit when the battery cell is overheated, and an adjustment ring 7 is provided on the outer side of the lower conductive column 4, and the adjustment ring 7 is made of shape memory alloy, and can automatically adjust the gap between the lower conductive column 4 and the adjustment ring 7 according to temperature changes.

[0077] The entire system is connected to the liquid storage tank 17 through the liquid inlet pipe 15 and the return pipe 16. A circulation pump is provided in the liquid storage tank 17 to ensure that the coolant can circulate continuously in the system. The coolant is made of a mixture of water and propylene glycol. The working pressure is in the range of 100 kPa to 300 kPa and has good thermal stability. The release plate 13 is made of polyvinyl pyrrolidone material. When encountering the coolant, the release plate 13 can soften quickly to help the battery cell 2 pop out of the liquid inlet tank 1 in the event of a failure.

[0078] S1: Flow of coolant. The coolant is injected into the liquid inlet tank 1 from the liquid storage tank 17 through the liquid inlet main pipe 15, and flows upward in the liquid inlet tank 1, passing around the battery cell 2, taking away the heat generated by the battery cell 2 during operation. The coolant flows into the reflux chamber from the gap between the lower conductive column 4 and the adjustment ring 7, and then flows back to the liquid storage tank 17 through the reflux main pipe 16, forming a circulating cooling system.

[0079] S2: Temperature sensing and deformation of the adjustment ring. During use, when a certain battery cell 2 generates more heat, the adjustment ring 7 corresponding to the battery cell 2 is deformed due to the temperature, and the gap between the lower conductive column 4 and the adjustment ring 7 is adjusted. At this time, the deformation of the adjustment ring 7 increases the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the area, thereby taking away more heat and further enhancing the heat dissipation effect.

[0080] S3: Expansion and fracture of the strain column. If the temperature of a battery cell 2 continues to rise and the coolant cannot effectively cool it, the strain column 6 begins to expand. As the strain column 6 expands, the connection between the lower conductive column 4 and the upper conductive column 5 breaks, cutting off the circuit to prevent the overheated battery cell from continuing to generate heat or spontaneous combustion. At the same time, the top cover 3 and the lower conductive column 4 slide downward under the action of the strain column 6.

[0081] S4: Coolant extinguishes fire and battery cell is ejected. If the battery cell 2 continues to heat up severely or even spontaneously combusts, the coolant can flow through the release plate 13 to extinguish the fire. At this time, the release plate 13 softens rapidly under the action of the coolant, and the battery cell 2 slides out of the liquid inlet tank 1 under the pressure of the coolant and falls to the outside, thereby achieving automatic ejection of the faulty battery cell 2.

[0082] S5: Switching of the backup energy storage unit. When the lower conductive column 4 and the upper conductive column 5 of a battery cell 2 are broken, the control system of the battery pack will automatically detect the failure of the battery cell and automatically switch to the backup energy storage unit to ensure the continuous operation of the entire battery pack without causing system shutdown due to the failure of a single battery cell.

[0083] During use, the coolant flows into the liquid inlet box 1 through a plurality of liquid inlet pipes 15, and in the liquid inlet box 1, the coolant flows upward from the liquid inlet box 1, passes through the outer end of the top cover 3, and flows into the reflux chamber between the lower conductive column 4 and the adjustment ring 7, and then the coolant flows back from the reflux chamber to the liquid storage tank 17 through the reflux pipe 16;

[0084] During use, when a certain battery cell 2 generates more heat, the corresponding adjustment ring 7 is deformed, so that the gap between the lower conductive column 4 and the adjustment ring 7 increases. At this time, the corresponding coolant flow increases, taking away more heat;

[0085] If the battery cell 2 continues to generate a large amount of heat and the coolant cannot be effectively cooled, the strain column 6 between the lower conductive column 4 and the upper conductive column 5 expands in volume, causing the connection between the lower conductive column 4 and the upper conductive column 5 to break. At this time, the top cover 3 and the lower conductive column 4 slide downward under the action of the strain column 6. At this time, if the corresponding battery cell 2 spontaneously ignites, the coolant can achieve the effect of extinguishing the fire;

[0086] At the same time, the coolant flows downward from the outer end of the battery cell 2 to the release plate 13, and the release plate 13 quickly softens under the action of water. After the release plate 13 softens, the battery cell 2 slides downward under the action of the coolant pressure, detaches from the liquid inlet tank 1 and falls to the outside, so that the problematic battery cell 2 is automatically ejected;

[0087] At the same time, when the lower conductive column 4 and the upper conductive column 5 at the top of a certain battery cell 2 are broken, the control system of the battery pack automatically switches to the backup energy storage unit;

[0088] By adjusting the shape memory alloy characteristics of the ring 7, the system can automatically adjust the coolant flow rate according to the temperature change of the battery cell 2. When the temperature of the battery cell rises, the adjustment ring 7 deforms to increase the gap between the lower conductive column 4 and the adjustment ring 7, allowing more coolant to flow through the area, thereby realizing automatic heat dissipation regulation.

[0089] The strain column 6 is a thermal expansion material. When the temperature of the battery cell 2 is too high, the strain column 6 expands to a certain extent, breaking the connection between the lower conductive column 4 and the upper conductive column 5, and automatically cutting off the current. This design effectively prevents the risk of fire caused by continuous heating of the battery cell.

[0090] When the coolant cannot control the temperature of the battery cell 2, the coolant will pass through the release plate 13, soften the plate, and make the battery cell slide out of the liquid inlet tank 1 under pressure, quickly isolating the faulty battery cell from the battery pack to avoid causing a wider range of safety problems.

[0091] After the battery cell 2 breaks or pops out, the battery pack can automatically switch to the backup energy storage unit through the control system to ensure the continuous operation of the energy storage device. Even if a single battery cell fails, the system can still work normally without affecting the overall functionality of the battery pack.

[0092] Using a mixture of water and propylene glycol as the coolant can not only maintain a high heat conduction efficiency, but also have good low-temperature performance, and is suitable for a variety of environmental conditions. A circulating pump is provided in the liquid storage tank 17 to ensure that the coolant circulates efficiently in the entire system and maintains the normal operating temperature of the battery cell.

[0093] Example 3 provides a comprehensive battery temperature monitoring and emergency response mechanism to ensure that the electrochemical energy storage device can automatically adjust the coolant flow during operation, disconnect the circuit of the high-temperature battery cell, and eject the faulty battery cell when necessary, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the system to the greatest extent.

[0094] In view of current practical needs, the above-mentioned implementation mode adopted in this application is not limited to the scope of protection. Various changes made within the knowledge scope of technical personnel in this field without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrochemical energy storage device for preventing spontaneous combustion, characterized in that: The invention comprises a battery pack, wherein the battery pack is composed of a plurality of conventional energy storage units and at least one backup energy storage unit, wherein the energy storage units and the backup energy storage unit both comprise a liquid inlet box (1), wherein a plurality of battery cells (2) are slidably connected in the liquid inlet box (1), wherein the top of the battery cell (2) is fixedly connected to a top cover (3), wherein a lower conductive column (4) is electrically connected to the top electrode of the battery cell (2), wherein the top of the lower conductive column (4) is fixedly connected to an upper conductive column (5), wherein the lower conductive column (4) and the upper conductive column (5) are fixedly connected to the same strain column (6), wherein an adjustment ring (7) is provided on the outer side of the lower conductive column (4), wherein the distance between the lower conductive column (4) and the adjustment ring (7) is 0.5-1 mm, wherein the top of the battery cell (2) is fixedly connected to an outer conductive column (8), wherein the outer conductive column (8) is electrically connected to another electrode of the battery cell (2), and wherein the plurality of adjustment The outer end of the ring (7) is fixedly connected to the same partition (9), and the outer walls of the plurality of upper conductive columns (5) near the top ends thereof are fixedly connected to the same upper cooling plate (10). A return box plate (11) is fixedly connected between the partition (9) and the upper cooling plate (10), and a return chamber is formed between the partition (9), the upper cooling plate (10) and the return box plate (11), and a plurality of return pipes are arranged at the outer end of the return box plate (11). The top ends of the plurality of upper conductive columns (5) and the outer conductive columns (8) all penetrate the upper cooling plate (10), and the penetrated parts are fixedly connected to a wire (12). The outer end of the liquid inlet box (1) is fixedly connected to a plurality of liquid inlet pipes. The liquid inlet box (1) is a hollow structure, and the hollow structure of the liquid inlet box (1) and the return chamber are filled with coolant, and the working pressure of the coolant is maintained in the range of 100 kPa to 300 kPa.

2. An electrochemical energy storage device for preventing spontaneous combustion according to claim 1, characterized in that: Through holes are provided at the bottom end of the liquid inlet box (1) and at positions corresponding to the plurality of battery cells (2), and release plates (13) are fixedly connected in the through holes. The outer end of the release plate (13) is fixedly connected to the liquid inlet box (1), and the top end of the release plate (13) abuts against the bottom end of the battery cell (2).

3. An electrochemical energy storage device for preventing spontaneous combustion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The release plate (13) is made of polyvinyl pyrrolidone material, and the lower conductive column (4) and the upper conductive column (5) are arranged to be electrically connected to each other at one end, and a fracture opening is provided at the connection position.

4. The electrochemical energy storage device for preventing spontaneous combustion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer end of the battery pack is fixedly connected to a battery pack box (14), and the outer end of the battery pack box (14) is fixedly connected to a plurality of liquid inlet main pipes (15) and return flow main pipes (16).

5. The electrochemical energy storage device for preventing spontaneous combustion according to claim 4, characterized in that: The liquid inlet main pipe (15) and the return pipe (16) are respectively connected to a plurality of liquid inlet pipes at the outer end of the liquid inlet box (1) and a plurality of return pipes at the outer end of the return box plate (11).

6. The electrochemical energy storage device for preventing spontaneous combustion according to claim 5, characterized in that: The liquid inlet main pipe (15) and the return main pipe (16) are fixedly connected to the same liquid storage tank (17) at one end away from the battery pack box (14), and a circulation pump is provided in the liquid storage tank (17). The top of the battery pack box (14) is fixedly connected to a top plate.

7. The electrochemical energy storage device for preventing spontaneous combustion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strain column (6) is made of a thermal expansion material, the adjustment ring (7) is made of a shape memory alloy, and the coolant is made of a mixture of water and propylene glycol.

8. An electrochemical energy storage device for preventing spontaneous combustion and a monitoring method thereof according to any one of claim 17, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Cooling liquid is injected into the liquid inlet box (1) through a plurality of liquid inlet main pipes (15), and the cooling liquid flows upward from the liquid inlet box (1), passes through the battery cell (2) and flows into the reflux chamber from between the lower conductive column (4) and the adjustment ring (7), and the cooling liquid flows back to the liquid storage tank (17) through the reflux main pipe (16); S2: When the battery cell (2) generates heat, the adjusting ring (7) deforms under the action of temperature change, and the gap between the lower conductive column (4) and the adjusting ring (7) is adjusted to increase the flow of the coolant flowing through the battery cell, so as to take away more heat; S3: When a certain battery cell (2) continues to heat up and the coolant cannot effectively cool it down, the strain column (6) expands, causing the connection between the lower conductive column (4) and the upper conductive column (5) to break, and causing the battery cell to slide under the action of the strain column; S4: When the battery core (2) is seriously heated, the coolant flows downward through the release plate (13), the release plate (13) softens due to contact with the coolant, and the battery core (2) is ejected from the liquid inlet box (1) under the action of the coolant pressure, thereby preventing further safety hazards; S5: After the battery cell (2) is broken or ejected, it automatically switches to the backup energy storage unit to ensure the continuous operation of the energy storage device.

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