Block chain-based cross-border carbon data submission method and device, medium and equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a block chain-based cross-border carbon data submission method and device, a medium and equipment, and relates to the technical field of block chains. The invention provides a carbon data submission cross-border block chain which comprises an importer node of a target region, an export node of a third country, a precursor supplier node, a specified check mechanism node of the target region, a branch mechanism node of a check mechanism in the third country and a management mechanism node of the target region. A carbon data submission contract is published on a carbon data submission cross-border block chain, and the carbon data submission contract is an intelligent contract formulated by an importer node of a target region and a third country export node and takes effect under the condition that a designated node on the cross-border block chain is signed. And in response to a data submission request sent by any node on the carbon data submission cross-border block chain, verifying the data submission request through the carbon data submission contract, and performing corresponding data submission under the condition that the verification is passed. The data traceability and the information security can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of blockchain technology, and specifically, to a blockchain-based cross-border carbon data reporting method, device, medium and equipment. Background Art

[0002] As greenhouse gas emissions management becomes increasingly stringent worldwide, various carbon emission management policies are gradually being implemented, such as the carbon border adjustment mechanism announced by the European Union. In the operation of these mechanisms, multiple entities at home and abroad are often involved, including upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain, domestic and foreign verification agencies, and overseas management agencies. The evidence storage chain involved in this process is long, and the data quality rights and responsibilities are widely shared. The existing methods for dealing with the corresponding mechanisms have poor data traceability and low information security. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a blockchain-based cross-border carbon data reporting method, device, medium and equipment to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure, a cross-border carbon data reporting method based on blockchain is provided, which is applied to the cross-border blockchain for carbon data reporting, and the nodes on the cross-border blockchain for carbon data reporting include one or more of the importer node of the target area, the exporter node of the third country, the precursor supplier node, the designated verification agency node of the target area, the branch node of the designated verification agency in the third country and the management agency node of the target area; the method includes: A carbon data reporting contract is published on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain; the carbon data reporting contract is a smart contract formulated by the importer node and the exporter node, and becomes effective when signed by a designated node on the cross-border blockchain; In response to a data reporting request sent by any node on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, the data reporting request is verified through the carbon data reporting contract, and data corresponding to the data reporting request is reported if the verification passes.

[0005] Optionally, the publishing of the carbon data reporting contract on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain includes: In the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, a contract generation request is broadcasted, where the contract generation request is a request sent by the importer node to the exporter node to jointly formulate the carbon data reporting contract; In the case where the exporter node responds to the contract generation request, uploading the contract content in the contract generation request; The carbon data reporting contract is generated according to the contract content, and the carbon data reporting contract is broadcast on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain; wherein, the emission data reporting contract takes effect when all nodes on the cross-border blockchain sign it.

[0006] Optionally, the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain further includes a downstream purchaser node of an importer in a target region, and when the exporter node responds to the contract generation request, uploading the contract content in the contract generation request includes: In the case where the exporter node agrees to the contract generation request, the exporter node uploads the first contract content in the contract generation request; the contract generation request includes one or more of the production facility information, process information, carbon emission data, production data, precursor information, downstream information, data content review method, designated verification agency and the name of the branch of the designated verification agency in the third country reported under the carbon border adjustment mechanism, and the first contract content includes one or more of the precursor supplier list, the name of the data verification purpose data, the data content review method and the data breach use terms; When the importer downstream purchaser node and the precursor supplier node agree to the contract generation request, the second contract content is uploaded in the contract generation request; the second contract content includes one or more of a data usage statement, an authenticity statement, a breach of contract clause, a data indicator list, a supporting material list and a data query authority clause.

[0007] Optionally, in response to a data reporting request sent by any node on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, verifying the data reporting request through the carbon data reporting contract, and reporting data corresponding to the data reporting request if the verification passes, including: In the case where any of the nodes is the importer node, the first information uploaded by the importer node is verified through the carbon data reporting contract; the first information includes one or more of an import order contract, a data reporting notice and a verification agency entrustment contract; When the first data is verified by the carbon data reporting contract, issuing carbon data reporting authority to the exporter node and the precursor supplier node; Conduct carbon data reporting on the cross-border carbon data reporting blockchain, where the carbon data includes one or more of carbon emission data, precursor data, product data, waste gas and waste heat data, and supporting documents; When the exporter node and the precursor supplier node complete the carbon data reporting, the carbon data reporting authority is closed.

[0008] Optionally, the method further comprises: Through the carbon data reporting contract, issuing carbon data reporting authority to the importer node and the importer's downstream purchaser node; The importer node and the importer's downstream purchasing node upload second information on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain; the second information includes one or more of production data, carbon emission data, and sales data.

[0009] Optionally, the method further comprises: When verified by the carbon data reporting contract, in response to a carbon data query request from at least one node, carbon data query authority is issued to the at least one node; the carbon data query authority is used by the at least one node to perform carbon data query on the cross-border blockchain, wherein the carbon data query authority complies with the time interval and indicator variable range specified in the authority clause in the carbon data reporting contract.

[0010] Optionally, in response to a carbon data query request from at least one node, issuing a carbon data query permission to the at least one node includes: In response to a carbon data query request from at least one node, at least one verification agency node verifies the carbon data uploaded to the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain according to the data query authority clause in the carbon data reporting contract; If the verification is passed, the carbon data query authority is issued to the at least one node.

[0011] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a cross-border carbon data reporting device based on blockchain is provided, which is applied to a cross-border blockchain for carbon data reporting, wherein the nodes on the cross-border blockchain for carbon data reporting include an importer node in a target region, an exporter node in a third country, a precursor supplier node, a designated verification agency node in the target region, a branch node of the designated verification agency in the third country, and one or more of a management agency node in the target region; the device includes: A contract publishing module, used to publish a carbon data reporting contract on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain; the carbon data reporting contract is a smart contract formulated by the importer node and the exporter node, and takes effect when signed by a designated node on the cross-border blockchain; A data reporting module is used to respond to a data reporting request sent by any node on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, verify the data reporting request through the carbon data reporting contract, and report the data corresponding to the data reporting request if the verification is successful.

[0012] According to a third aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in any one of the first aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure are implemented.

[0013] According to a fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device, including: a memory having a computer program stored thereon; A processor is used to execute the computer program in the memory to implement the steps of any one of the methods described in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0014] According to a fifth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any one of the methods described in the first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] In the above technical solution, a carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain is provided, which includes nodes such as an importer node in the target area, an exporter node in a third country, a precursor supplier node, a designated verification agency node in the target area, a branch node of the verification agency in a third country, and a management agency node in the target area. A carbon data reporting contract is published on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain. The carbon data reporting contract is a smart contract formulated by the importer node and the exporter node, and takes effect when the designated node on the cross-border blockchain signs it. In response to a data reporting request sent by any node on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, the data reporting request is verified through the carbon data reporting contract, and the data reporting corresponding to the data reporting request is performed when the verification passes. Through the above technical solution, based on the decentralized storage technology of the blockchain, a carbon data publishing contract is published. According to the contract, the corresponding data reporting is performed when the data reporting request passes the verification, which can improve data traceability and thus improve information security.

[0016] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the present disclosure but do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a blockchain-based cross-border carbon data reporting method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of a blockchain-based cross-border carbon data reporting method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of a blockchain-based cross-border carbon data reporting method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0020] Figure 4 The figure is a flow chart of a CBAM data reporting method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0021] Figure 5 It is a block diagram of a cross-border carbon data reporting device based on blockchain according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0022] Figure 6 is a block diagram of an electronic device 600 according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0023] Figure 7 is a block diagram of an electronic device 700 according to an exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific implementation of the present disclosure is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described herein is only used to illustrate and explain the present disclosure, and is not used to limit the present disclosure.

[0025] It should be noted that all actions of acquiring signals, information or data in the present disclosure are performed with authorization given by the owner of the corresponding device.

[0026] Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), CBAM is also often referred to as "carbon tariff" or "carbon border adjustment tax". It is a measure taken to achieve climate goals. At present, CBAM mainly targets products in carbon-intensive industries such as cement, aluminum, fertilizers, and steel, which are prone to carbon leakage. Carbon leakage refers to the phenomenon that companies in countries or regions that have implemented strict carbon emission reductions may lose international competitiveness due to higher production costs, thereby transferring production and corresponding emissions to other countries or regions (third countries). In response to the CBAM policy, importers need to provide detailed carbon emission data to prove the carbon footprint of their products. During the full implementation stage of CBAM, third-country producers need to register their production facility information, report the carbon emission data of the facilities and upstream of the industrial chain, and accept verification by designated agencies.

[0027] There are deficiencies in the data reporting and storage methods for the CBAM mechanism in the existing technology. Most methods do not consider the role of importers, management agencies, verification agencies and other departments under the mechanism, and cannot improve the credibility of carbon data and production data under the CBAM mechanism, nor can they avoid the risk of production data leakage caused by too many elements reported by enterprises under the CBAM mechanism. Therefore, in order to deal with the problem of long data storage chain and wide distribution of data quality rights and responsibilities under the CBAM mechanism, as well as to solve the problem of third-country exporters' management of production facility information, industrial output data and carbon emission data by importers and management agencies under the CBAM mechanism, which poses a threat to production and data security, the present disclosure provides a cross-border carbon data reporting method based on blockchain, which uses blockchain to incorporate multiple domestic entities, including upstream and downstream enterprises in the export product industry chain to introduce enterprises to endorse data quality, and can achieve responsibility division and data traceability in the CBAM data reporting process. For long-term export contracts, it is possible to implement a one-time contract and multiple reuse method to reduce the cost of CBAM data submission, and through the data query authority clause, the query authority of the overseas entities involved in the project, including importers in the target area, designated verification agencies, and management agencies, including the query time range, access IP address range, query times, etc., is stipulated to reduce the risk of data leakage and abuse, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of third-country companies and data security. The following is an explanation in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0028] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a cross-border carbon data reporting method based on blockchain according to an exemplary embodiment. The cross-border carbon data reporting method is applied to a cross-border carbon data reporting blockchain. The nodes on the cross-border carbon data reporting blockchain include an importer node in the target area, an exporter node in a third country, a precursor supplier node, a designated verification agency node in the target area, a branch node of the designated verification agency in the third country, and one or more of a management agency node in the target area, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps.

[0029] In step S11, a carbon data reporting contract is published on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain; the carbon data reporting contract is a smart contract formulated by the importer node and the exporter node, and takes effect when signed by a designated node on the cross-border blockchain.

[0030] In step S12, in response to a data reporting request sent by any node on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, the data reporting request is verified through the carbon data reporting contract, and data corresponding to the data reporting request is reported if the verification passes.

[0031] For example, the cross-border carbon data reporting method is implemented based on the CBAM mechanism. The cross-border blockchain for carbon data reporting provided by the present disclosure may be a CBAM data reporting blockchain. The nodes on the CBAM data reporting blockchain may include: importer nodes in the target region, exporter nodes in third countries, precursor supplier nodes, designated verification agency nodes in the target region, branch nodes of the verification agency in third countries, and management agency nodes in the target region, etc. It can be understood that in the above example, the target region is the target region for the product to enter, and the third country is the production place of the product. The target region may be the European Union (or a member state of the European Union).

[0032] It should be noted that in actual applications, if the products exported by the third-country exporter are simple products without precursors, or the production line of the precursor supply belongs to the same entity as the exporter, or the third-country exporter and the importer in the target area stipulate in the contract that the precursor supplier does not need to participate in data reporting, then there is no need for the precursor supplier node. The designated verification agency in the target area can deploy nodes according to the actual operation mode. If the designated verification agency in the target area adopts the working mode of directly dispatching a working group for on-site verification, then only the node of the designated verification agency in the target area needs to exist on the blockchain; if the designated verification agency in the target area has a permanent branch or office in the third country, a block can be added to the blockchain to designate the branch or office of the designated verification agency in the third country to participate in the contract signing. In the future, on-chain nodes can be added according to the changes in the actual situation of the third country. For example, in order to cope with the adjustment of CBAM, nodes including but not limited to third-country management agencies can be added, and CBAM data query permissions can be opened for these nodes.

[0033] In a possible implementation, a CBAM data reporting contract jointly formulated by the importer node of the target region and the exporter node of the third country is published on the CBAM data reporting blockchain. The content of the CBAM data reporting contract includes but is not limited to a data usage statement, a authenticity statement, a breach of contract clause, a data indicator list, a supporting material list, and a data query authority clause. The CBAM data reporting contract becomes effective after being signed by the importer node, the exporter node of the third country, the precursor supplier node, the designated verification agency node, the branch node of the designated verification agency in the third country, and the management agency node of the target region. When the nodes on the blockchain, such as the exporter node and the precursor supplier node of the third country, send a data reporting request, they need to verify the data reporting request through the CBAM data reporting contract, and open the CBAM data reporting service if the verification passes.

[0034] In the above technical solution, a carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain is provided, which includes nodes such as an importer node in the target area, an exporter node in a third country, a precursor supplier node, a designated verification agency node in the target area, a branch node of the verification agency in a third country, and a management agency node in the target area. A carbon data reporting contract is published on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain. The carbon data reporting contract is a smart contract formulated by the importer node and the exporter node, and takes effect when the designated node on the cross-border blockchain signs it. In response to a data reporting request sent by any node on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, the data reporting request is verified through the carbon data reporting contract, and the data reporting corresponding to the data reporting request is performed when the verification passes. Through the above technical solution, based on the decentralized storage technology of the blockchain, a carbon data publishing contract is published. According to the contract, the corresponding data reporting is performed when the data reporting request passes the verification, which can improve data traceability and thus improve information security.

[0035] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a blockchain-based cross-border carbon data reporting method according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 2 As shown, the step S11 of publishing the carbon data reporting contract on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain may include the following steps: Step S111, in the cross-border blockchain for carbon data reporting, a contract generation request is broadcasted. The contract generation request is a request sent by the importer node in the target area to the exporter node to jointly formulate the carbon data reporting contract.

[0036] Step S112, when the exporter node responds to the contract generation request, upload the contract content in the contract generation request.

[0037] For example, the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain may also include a downstream purchaser node of an importer in the target area. In one possible implementation, when the exporter node agrees to the contract generation request, the exporter node uploads the first contract content in the contract generation request; the contract generation request includes one or more of production facility information, process information, carbon emission data, production data, precursor information, downstream information, data content review method, designated verification agency and the name of the branch of the designated verification agency in a third country reported under the carbon border adjustment mechanism. The first contract content includes one or more of a precursor supplier list, a data verification purpose data name, a data content review method and data breach use terms; when the downstream purchaser node and the precursor supplier node of the importer in the target area agree to the contract generation request, the second contract content is uploaded in the contract generation request; the second contract content includes one or more of a data usage statement, an authenticity statement, a breach clause, a data indicator list, a supporting material list and a data query authority clause.

[0038] Step S113, generate the carbon data reporting contract according to the contract content, and broadcast the carbon data reporting contract on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain; wherein, the emission data reporting contract takes effect when all nodes on the cross-border blockchain sign it.

[0039] For example, under the CBAM mechanism, the importer node in the target area initiates a request to invite the exporter node in the third country to jointly formulate a CBAM data reporting contract, wherein the request includes a data usage statement, a default clause, a list of data indicators and a list of supporting materials; after the third country exporter node receives the broadcast request, if it rejects the request, the process terminates; if it agrees, it adds a statement of authenticity, a default clause, a data query authority clause and an agreed CBAM data reporting request message to the request of the importer node in the target area; when there is a precursor supplier node in the third country exporter node, if the precursor supplier node rejects, the process terminates; if the precursor supplier node agrees, it adds a statement of authenticity, a default clause, a data query authority clause and an agreed CBAM data reporting request message to the request of the importer in the target area and the request of the third country exporter to form a CBAM data reporting request group.

[0040] Among them, the scope of scenarios stipulated in the breach clause includes importer data of the target area, verification agencies designated by the management agencies of the member states of the target area, branches of verification agencies in third countries (if any), and management agencies of the target area violating the data usage statement, and third-country exporters and precursor suppliers violating the CBAM data authenticity statement and failing to submit or submitting overdue data; the data query authority clause stipulates that the importer data of the target area, verification agencies designated by the management agencies of the member states of the target area, branches of verification agencies in third countries (if any), and data query business queries of management agencies in the target area include visible data indicator range, query time range, access IP address range, query times, etc.; the data indicator range and supporting materials list stipulate that third-country exporters and precursor suppliers shall submit data indicators related to carbon emission accounting and monitoring of their production facilities, and also stipulate the time range and supporting documents for exporters in the target area to initiate CBAM data submission requests, including product orders, management agency submission notifications, verification agency entrustment contracts, etc.

[0041] The CBAM data reporting request group formed by the exporter node, third-country exporter node and precursor supplier node of the target area is broadcast on the CBAM data reporting blockchain. If the node of the member state management agency of the target area, the node of the member state designated verification agency of the target area, and the node of the verification agency's branch in the third country refuse after receiving the broadcast, the process will be terminated; if agreed, a data usage statement will be added to the request group. The CBAM data reporting contract generated based on the CBAM data reporting request group will take effect after being signed by the importer node, third-country exporter node, precursor supplier node, member state designated verification agency node and member state management agency node of the target area. It should be noted that in the process of generating the CBAM data reporting contract, based on the principle of prudence, the more stringent terms of breach of contract and data query authority for each party will be adopted.

[0042] Figure 3 is a flowchart of a blockchain-based cross-border carbon data reporting method according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 3 As shown, in step S12, in response to the data reporting request sent by any node on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, the data reporting request is verified by the carbon data reporting contract, and the data reporting corresponding to the data reporting request is performed if the verification passes, which may include the following steps: Step S121, when any node is the importer node, the first information uploaded by the importer node is verified through the carbon data reporting contract; the first information includes one or more of the import order contract, the data reporting notice and the verification agency entrustment contract.

[0043] Step S122, when the first data passes the carbon data reporting contract verification, issuing the carbon data reporting authority to the exporter node and the precursor supplier node; Step S123, submitting carbon data on the cross-border carbon data submission blockchain, where the carbon data includes one or more of carbon emission data, precursor data, product data, waste gas and waste heat data, and supporting documents; Step S124, when the exporter node and the precursor supplier node complete the carbon data reporting, close the carbon data reporting authority.

[0044] Optionally, in another possible implementation step, the method may further include: Through the carbon data reporting contract, the carbon data reporting authority is issued to the importer nodes in the target area and the importer downstream purchaser nodes in the target area; The importer node in the target area and the importer's downstream purchasing node in the target area upload the second information on the cross-border blockchain for carbon data reporting; the second information includes one or more of production data, carbon emission data, and sales data.

[0045] For example, under the CBAM mechanism, according to the CBAM data reporting contract, the CBAM data reporting service can be opened for third-country exporters and precursor suppliers, and the carbon emission data, precursor data, product data, waste gas and waste heat data required by CBAM can be uploaded to the CBAM data reporting blockchain. Figure 4 is a flow chart of a CBAM data reporting method according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 4 As shown, the method may include the following steps: In step S401, the importer node in the target area uploads the import order contract, data reporting notice, verification agency entrustment contract and other materials to the blockchain, enters the third-country exporter list, and calls the CBAM data reporting contract.

[0046] Step S402, review the data according to the data content review method in the CBAM data submission contract; if the review fails, execute step S403; if the review passes, execute step S404.

[0047] Step S403, prompting the importer in the target area to re-upload the information.

[0048] Step S404, open CBAM data reporting permissions for third-country exporters and precursor suppliers, and upload the carbon emission data, precursor data, product data, waste gas and waste heat data and supporting documents required by CBAM to the CBAM data reporting blockchain.

[0049] Step S405: After the third-country exporter and precursor supplier completes data submission, the CBAM data submission authority is closed.

[0050] Step S406: The management agency of the target region designates the verification agency node and the branch node of the verification agency in the third country to verify the submitted data within the scope of data query authority. If the broadcast verification fails, steps S403 and S404 are repeated; if the broadcast verification passes, the CBAM data submission business process ends.

[0051] It is understandable that the cross-border carbon data reporting method can also issue data query permissions to nodes in the blockchain. For example, the method of issuing data query permissions may include: In the case of verification through the carbon data reporting contract, in response to the carbon data query request of at least one node, the carbon data query authority is issued to the at least one node. For example, in response to the carbon data query request of at least one node, at least one verification agency node verifies the carbon data uploaded to the cross-border blockchain of the carbon data reporting according to the data query authority clause in the carbon data reporting contract, and in the case of passing the verification, the carbon data query authority is issued to the at least one node. The carbon data query authority is used for the at least one node to query carbon data on the cross-border blockchain, wherein the carbon data query authority complies with the time interval and indicator variable range specified in the authority clause in the carbon data reporting contract.

[0052] Under the CBAM mechanism, according to the CBAM data reporting contract, the CBAM data query rights can be opened for importers in the target area, the management agencies of the member states in the target area, the management agencies of the target area and the verification agencies established by the member states in the target area. Each on-chain subject should comply with the query rights clauses in the contract regarding the query time range, access IP address range, query times, etc. In order to ensure the data security of export enterprises, the query time range and access IP address should be strictly set, and the number of queries should be configured as little as possible according to the actual situation.

[0053] For example, for the configuration of the number of queries, the management agencies of the member states of the target area designate the verification agencies and their branches in the third countries as the data quality verifiers, and a larger number of queries can be configured; the management agencies of the member states of the target area and the management agencies of the target area record the data reported by the importers of the target area in their construction systems, and configure a smaller number of queries when only spot checks are conducted; for the configuration of the query time range, the query time range for importers in the target area is: one is within one week after the third-country exporter and precursor supplier completes the submission; the other is within one week after the verification agency completes the verification; the query time range for the verification agency and the branches in the third country is from the completion of the submission to the confirmation of the verification; when the management agencies of the member states of the target area, the verification agencies and their branches in the third country exceed the production time range and query times specified in the contract, they need to initiate additional query request messages and obtain additional query permissions after approval by the third-country exporter and prerequisite supplier.

[0054] In a possible implementation, according to the CBAM data reporting contract, when the importer node in the target area sends the CBAM data request information, since the contract has been uploaded and verified during the contract formulation process, it is only necessary to upload the notification or letter submitted by the management agency of the target area. It should be noted that the third-country exporter can also require the importer in the target area to upload the import goods shipping order, customs declaration, packing list, bill of lading and other materials of the previous reporting cycle to identify and verify the name of the subject of the application materials, product name, reporting cycle and other information. When the verification is passed, the importer node in the target area generates a CBAM data reporting request to the third-country exporter node and the precursor supplier node in accordance with the CBAM data reporting contract.

[0055] When the designated verification agency node of the member state in the target area receives the CBAM data reporting completion information, it obtains the CBAM reporting data query authority according to the data query authority clause in the CBAM data reporting contract. If the verification is passed, the CBAM data verification completion information is uploaded to the CBAM data reporting blockchain; if the verification fails, the CBAM data verification return information is uploaded to the CBAM data reporting blockchain. After the third-country exporter node and precursor supplier node receive the verification return information, they will re-perform the CBAM data reporting process.

[0056] In another possible scenario, if the verification agency does not participate in the signing of the contract, there is no verification agency involved in the CBAM data reporting cycle. Instead, the verification agency is designated by the member state management agency of the target area within a fixed time frame each year after the reporting is completed. The verification agency does not participate in the signing of the contract and can be regarded as the verification agency entrusted by the member state management agency of the target area, and must also follow the on-chain contract.

[0057] The verification agency and its branches in third countries (if any) conduct on-site verification, upload the verification authority certification materials, and verify them according to the CBAM data reporting contract. After the verification is passed, the nodes of the verification agency and its branches in third countries (if any) are added to the chain to obtain data query and review permissions. The verification authority certification materials include but are not limited to emails and letters entrusted by the management agencies of the member states of the target area and the importers of the target area, signed contracts, and verification agency qualification certification documents. The on-chain contract must verify the subject name, authorization scope, authorization period, contract period and other information in the verification authority certification materials. After receiving the CBAM data verification completion information, the node of the management agency of the member state of the target area obtains the CBAM submission data query permission according to the data query permission clause in the CBAM data reporting contract.

[0058] For example, the verification method can be Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV), which is an important process to ensure that enterprises or other entities accurately report their greenhouse gas emissions. This process is essential to achieving effective carbon emission management, carbon trading and emission reduction goals. The main processes of carbon emission monitoring report verification include: (1) Data collection and organization Data related to carbon emissions are collected from various sources such as company records, government data, and meteorological station observation data, and the collected data are preliminarily collated and analyzed.

[0059] (2) On-site verification and sampling testing On-site verification: A third-party organization conducts on-site verification, including on-site inspections of the company's production facilities, process flows, emission control facilities, etc., to understand the company's actual emissions situation.

[0060] Sampling testing: Sampling of the company's emission gases is carried out and the samples are analyzed by professional laboratories to determine the composition and emission of greenhouse gases.

[0061] (3) Preparation and submission of verification reports Report preparation: After completing the on-site verification and sampling inspection, the third-party agency will prepare a verification report based on the verification results.

[0062] Report content: The verification report will record the verification process, methods, data sources and verification results in detail to ensure the accuracy and objectivity of the report.

[0063] Report submission: The verification report will be submitted to the relevant competent authorities or carbon emission trading institutions for review.

[0064] (4) Identify boundaries and scope Before conducting a carbon audit, it is important to clearly define the boundaries and scope of the audit, that is, an accurate description of the systems involved in the audit, such as the entire organization or a department, global activities or local activities, etc.

[0065] (5) Data analysis Accuracy check: Conduct detailed analysis of the collected data to check the accuracy and completeness of the data.

[0066] Identify emission sources: Based on data analysis, determine the specific sources of carbon emissions.

[0067] (6) Confirmation of emission reduction measures Assess whether existing emission reduction measures are effective and work with businesses or governments to determine whether additional emission reduction measures are needed to achieve emission reduction targets.

[0068] (7) Reporting and communication Report the results of carbon verification to relevant stakeholders, including governments, businesses and the public.

[0069] The blockchain construction method in the above method is based on the reporting mode of each subject of the current CBAM system. Optionally, the present disclosure also provides a CBAM reporting system for a third country to establish a counter-mechanism to deal with the CBAM mechanism.

[0070] According to the WTO (World Trade Organization)'s fair trade and transparency principles, since the CBAM mechanism requires third-country exporters and their upstream suppliers to report production processes and production emission data, third-country exporters and their upstream suppliers have the right to require importers in the target area to disclose to them the production processes and production emission data using the purchased raw materials. In addition, there is a possibility that importers in the target area purchase third-country goods as raw materials, and then export them to importers outside the target area after production and processing. According to the statement of the management agency of the target area, CBAM establishes a mechanism to prevent carbon leakage. In the above case, the raw materials are located outside the scope of the target area on the consumption side of the industrial chain, and the corresponding carbon tariffs should be refunded to the importers in the target area.

[0071] Therefore, the management agencies of third countries can jointly negotiate with the management agencies of the target areas. Under the conditions that the management agencies of the target areas, the management agencies of the member states of the target areas, the verification agencies designated by the management agencies of the member states of the target areas and their third-country branches, and the importers of the target areas lift restrictions on data query rights and without adding data usage statements, breach of contract clauses, etc., the importers of the target areas can be required to report production conditions, emission conditions and downstream production data.

[0072] For example, the CBAM data reporting method under peer conditions may include the following steps: S1. Create a CBAM data reporting blockchain, the nodes on which include at least importers in the target area, third-country exporters, precursor suppliers, member state designated verification agencies in the target area, member state management agencies in the target area, downstream purchasers of importers in the target area and third-country management agencies.

[0073] S2. The CBAM data reporting contract jointly formulated by the importers of the target area and the exporters of the third country is published on the CBAM data reporting blockchain; the CBAM data reporting contract shall come into effect after being signed by the importers of the target area, the exporters of the third country, the precursor suppliers, the verification agencies designated by the member states of the target area, the management agencies of the member states of the target area, the management agencies of the third country, the verification agencies designated by the management agencies of the third country and the downstream purchasers of the importers of the target area.

[0074] In one embodiment, a method for formulating a contract for CBAM data reporting under peer conditions may include: a) Importers in the target region initiate a request to invite third-country exporters to jointly develop a CBAM data reporting contract, where the request includes a list of production emission data indicators of third-country exporters and precursor suppliers, and a list of supporting materials.

[0075] b) After receiving the broadcast request, if the third-country exporter rejects the request, the process will terminate; if it agrees, it will add the target region’s importer and downstream purchaser production emission data indicator list, supporting material list, and agreed CBAM data reporting request message to the target region’s importer’s request.

[0076] c) When the precursor supplier of the third country exporter or the downstream purchaser of the importer in the target area receives the on-chain broadcast request, if they reject it, the process will terminate; if they agree, a CBAM data reporting request message will be generated.

[0077] S3. According to the CBAM data reporting contract, the CBAM data reporting service is opened for third-country exporters and precursor suppliers, and the carbon emission data, precursor data, product data, waste gas and waste heat data required by CBAM are uploaded to the CBAM data reporting blockchain.

[0078] S4. According to the CBAM data reporting contract, data reporting services are opened for importers in the target area and downstream purchasers of importers in the target area, and production data, carbon emission data, sales data, etc. are uploaded to the CBAM data reporting blockchain.

[0079] S5. After the CBAM data reporting contract verifies that the data of third-country exporters, precursor suppliers, importers in the target area and downstream purchasers of importers in the target area are fully filled in, the member state management agency of the target area shall designate a verification agency, and the third-country management agency shall designate a verification agency to open the CBAM data query authority. If the verification is passed, the CBAM data verification completion information shall be uploaded to the CBAM data reporting blockchain; if the verification is not passed, the CBAM data verification return information shall be uploaded to the CBAM data reporting blockchain. After receiving the verification return information, the third-country exporters and precursor suppliers shall re-perform the CBAM data reporting process.

[0080] S6. According to the CBAM data reporting contract, the CBAM data query rights are opened for importers in the target area, the management agencies of the member states of the target area, the management agencies of the target area, and the verification agencies established by the member states of the target area; the production data, carbon emission data, and sales data query rights of importers in the target area and downstream purchasers of importers in the target area are opened for third-country importers and third-country management agencies.

[0081] It should be noted that in the contract for CBAM data reporting under equal conditions, there are no query authority constraints such as data indicator range, query time range, access IP address range, number of queries, and the above-mentioned breach of contract clauses.

[0082] In the above technical solution, a carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain including nodes such as importer nodes of the target area, exporter nodes of third countries, precursor supplier nodes, designated verification agency nodes of the target area, branch nodes of the verification agency in the third country, and management agency nodes of the target area is provided. A carbon data reporting contract is published on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain. The carbon data reporting contract is a smart contract formulated by the importer node of the target area and the exporter node of the third country, and takes effect when the designated node on the cross-border blockchain signs it. In response to a data reporting request sent by any node on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, the data reporting request is verified through the carbon data reporting contract, and the data reporting corresponding to the data reporting request is carried out when the verification passes. Through the above technical solution, based on the decentralized storage technology of the blockchain, a carbon data publishing contract is published. According to the contract, the corresponding data reporting is carried out when the data reporting request passes the verification, which can improve data traceability and thus improve information security.

[0083] Figure 5The present invention is a block diagram of a cross-border carbon data reporting device based on blockchain according to an exemplary embodiment. The cross-border carbon data reporting device is applied to a cross-border carbon data reporting blockchain. The nodes on the cross-border carbon data reporting blockchain include an importer node in the target area, an exporter node in a third country, a precursor supplier node, a designated verification agency node in the target area, a branch node of the verification agency in the third country, and one or more of a management agency node in the target area, such as Figure 5 As shown, the device 500 includes a contract publishing module 510 and a data reporting module 520.

[0084] The contract publishing module 510 is used to publish a carbon data reporting contract on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain; the carbon data reporting contract is a smart contract formulated by the importer node and the exporter node, and takes effect when signed by a designated node on the cross-border blockchain; The data reporting module 520 is used to respond to a data reporting request sent by any node on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, verify the data reporting request through the carbon data reporting contract, and report the data corresponding to the data reporting request if the verification is successful.

[0085] Optionally, the contract publishing module 510 includes a broadcast submodule, an upload submodule and a generation submodule; The broadcast submodule is used to broadcast a contract generation request in the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, where the contract generation request is a request sent by the importer node in the target area to the exporter node to jointly formulate the carbon data reporting contract; The upload submodule is used to upload the contract content in the contract generation request when the exporter node responds to the contract generation request; The generation submodule is used to generate the carbon data reporting contract according to the contract content, and broadcast the carbon data reporting contract on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain; wherein, the emission data reporting contract takes effect when all nodes on the cross-border blockchain sign it.

[0086] Optionally, the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain also includes a node for downstream purchasers of importers in the target region, and the upload submodule is also used to: If the exporter node agrees to the contract generation request, the exporter node uploads the first contract content in the contract generation request; the contract generation request includes one or more of the production facility information, process information, carbon emission data, production data, precursor information, downstream information, data content review method, designated verification agency and the name of the branch of the designated verification agency in the third country reported under the carbon border adjustment mechanism, and the first contract content includes one or more of the precursor supplier list, the name of the data verification purpose data, the data content review method and the data breach use terms; When the importer's downstream purchaser node and the precursor supplier node agree to the contract generation request, the second contract content is uploaded in the contract generation request; the second contract content includes one or more of a data usage statement, an authenticity statement, a breach of contract clause, a data indicator list, a supporting material list and a data query authority clause.

[0087] Optionally, the data reporting module 520 includes a verification submodule, a permission issuing submodule, a data reporting submodule and a permission processing submodule.

[0088] The verification submodule is used to verify the first information uploaded by the importer node through the carbon data reporting contract when any node is an importer node of the target region; the first information includes one or more of an import order contract, a data reporting notice and a verification agency entrustment contract; The authority issuing submodule is used to issue the carbon data reporting authority to the exporter node and the precursor supplier node when the first data passes the carbon data reporting contract verification; The data reporting submodule is used to report carbon data on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, where the carbon data includes one or more of carbon emission data, precursor data, product data, waste gas and waste heat data, and supporting documents; The authority processing submodule is used to close the carbon data reporting authority when the exporter node and the precursor supplier node complete the carbon data reporting.

[0089] Optionally, the data reporting module 520 also includes an uploading submodule; The authority issuing submodule is also used to issue carbon data reporting authority to the importer node and the importer's downstream purchaser node through the carbon data reporting contract; The upload submodule is used for the importer node and the importer's downstream purchaser node to upload the second information on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain; the second information includes one or more of production data, carbon emission data, and sales data.

[0090] Optionally, the device 500 further includes a data query module; The data query module is used to issue carbon data query authority to at least one node in response to a carbon data query request from at least one node when verified by the carbon data reporting contract; the carbon data query authority is used by the at least one node to perform carbon data query on the cross-border blockchain, wherein the carbon data query authority complies with the time interval and indicator variable range specified in the authority clause of the carbon data reporting contract.

[0091] Optionally, the data query module is also used to: In response to a carbon data query request from at least one node, at least one verification agency node verifies the carbon data uploaded to the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain according to the data query authority clause in the carbon data reporting contract; If the verification is passed, the carbon data query authority is issued to the at least one node.

[0092] Regarding the device in the above embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiment of the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0093] Figure 6 FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an electronic device 600 according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 6 As shown, the electronic device 600 may include: a processor 601 , a memory 602 . The electronic device 600 may also include one or more of a multimedia component 603 , an input / output (I / O) interface 604 , and a communication component 605 .

[0094] The processor 601 is used to control the overall operation of the electronic device 600 to complete all or part of the steps in the above-mentioned blockchain-based cross-border carbon data reporting method. The memory 602 is used to store various types of data to support the operation of the electronic device 600, and these data may include, for example, instructions for any application or method used to operate on the electronic device 600, and application-related data, such as contact data, sent and received messages, pictures, audio, video, etc. The memory 602 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, referred to as SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, referred to as EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, referred to as EPROM), programmable read-only memory (Programmable Read-Only Memory, referred to as PROM), read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, referred to as ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, disk or optical disk. The multimedia component 603 may include a screen and an audio component. The screen may be, for example, a touch screen, and the audio component is used to output and / or input audio signals. For example, the audio component may include a microphone, which is used to receive external audio signals. The received audio signal may be further stored in the memory 602 or sent through the communication component 605. The audio component also includes at least one speaker for outputting audio signals. The I / O interface 604 provides an interface between the processor 601 and other interface modules, and the above-mentioned other interface modules may be keyboards, mice, buttons, etc. These buttons may be virtual buttons or physical buttons. The communication component 605 is used for wired or wireless communication between the electronic device 600 and other devices. Wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), 2G, 3G, 4G, NB-IOT, eMTC, or other 5G, etc., or a combination of one or more of them, is not limited here. Therefore, the corresponding communication component 605 may include: Wi-Fi module, Bluetooth module, NFC module, etc.

[0095] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device 600 can be implemented by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), digital signal processors (DSP), digital signal processing devices (DSPD), programmable logic devices (PLD), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors or other electronic components to execute the above-mentioned blockchain-based cross-border carbon data reporting method.

[0096] In another exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium including program instructions is also provided, and when the program instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned cross-border carbon data reporting method based on blockchain are implemented. For example, the computer-readable storage medium can be the above-mentioned memory 602 including program instructions, and the above-mentioned program instructions can be executed by the processor 601 of the electronic device 600 to complete the above-mentioned cross-border carbon data reporting method based on blockchain.

[0097] Figure 7 is a block diagram of an electronic device 700 according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, the electronic device 700 may be provided as a server. Figure 7 The electronic device 700 includes a processor 722, which may be one or more, and a memory 732 for storing a computer program executable by the processor 722. The computer program stored in the memory 732 may include one or more modules, each corresponding to a set of instructions. In addition, the processor 722 may be configured to execute the computer program to perform the above-mentioned blockchain-based cross-border carbon data reporting method.

[0098] In addition, the electronic device 700 may further include a power supply component 726 and a communication component 750, wherein the power supply component 726 may be configured to perform power management of the electronic device 700, and the communication component 750 may be configured to implement communication of the electronic device 700, for example, wired or wireless communication. In addition, the electronic device 700 may further include an input / output (I / O) interface 758. The electronic device 700 may operate based on an operating system stored in the memory 732.

[0099] In another exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium including program instructions is also provided, and when the program instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned cross-border carbon data reporting method based on blockchain are implemented. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium can be the above-mentioned memory 732 including program instructions, and the above-mentioned program instructions can be executed by the processor 722 of the electronic device 700 to complete the above-mentioned cross-border carbon data reporting method based on blockchain.

[0100] In another exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is also provided, which includes a computer program that can be executed by a programmable device, and the computer program has a code portion for executing the above-mentioned blockchain-based cross-border carbon data reporting method when executed by the programmable device.

[0101] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present disclosure, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0102] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0103] In addition, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present disclosure, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A cross-border carbon data reporting method based on blockchain, characterized in that: Applied to a cross-border blockchain for carbon data reporting, the nodes on the cross-border blockchain for carbon data reporting include one or more of an importer node in a target region, an exporter node in a third country, a precursor supplier node, a designated verification agency node in the target region, a branch node of the designated verification agency in the third country, and a management agency node in the target region; the method includes: A carbon data reporting contract is published on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain; the carbon data reporting contract is a smart contract formulated by the importer node and the exporter node, and becomes effective when signed by a designated node on the cross-border blockchain; In response to a data reporting request sent by any node on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, the data reporting request is verified through the carbon data reporting contract, and data corresponding to the data reporting request is reported if the verification passes.

2. The cross-border carbon data reporting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon data reporting contract is published on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, including: In the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, a contract generation request is broadcasted, where the contract generation request is a request sent by the importer node to the exporter node to jointly formulate the carbon data reporting contract; In the case where the exporter node responds to the contract generation request, uploading the contract content in the contract generation request; The carbon data reporting contract is generated according to the contract content, and the carbon data reporting contract is broadcast on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain; wherein, the emission data reporting contract takes effect when all nodes on the cross-border blockchain sign it.

3. The cross-border carbon data reporting method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The cross-border blockchain for carbon data reporting also includes a downstream purchaser node of an importer in the target region. When the exporter node responds to the contract generation request, the contract content is uploaded in the contract generation request, including: In the case where the exporter node agrees to the contract generation request, the exporter node uploads the first contract content in the contract generation request; the contract generation request includes one or more of the production facility information, process information, carbon emission data, production data, precursor information, downstream information, data content review method, designated verification agency and the name of the branch of the designated verification agency in the third country reported under the carbon border adjustment mechanism, and the first contract content includes one or more of the precursor supplier list, the name of the data verification purpose data, the data content review method and the data breach use terms; When the importer downstream purchaser node and the precursor supplier node agree to the contract generation request, the second contract content is uploaded in the contract generation request; the second contract content includes one or more of a data usage statement, an authenticity statement, a breach of contract clause, a data indicator list, a supporting material list and a data query authority clause.

4. The cross-border carbon data reporting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The responding to the data reporting request sent by any node on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, verifying the data reporting request through the carbon data reporting contract, and reporting the data corresponding to the data reporting request if the verification passes, includes: In the case where any of the nodes is the importer node, the first information uploaded by the importer node is verified through the carbon data reporting contract; the first information includes one or more of an import order contract, a data reporting notice and a verification agency entrustment contract; When the first data is verified by the carbon data reporting contract, issuing carbon data reporting authority to the exporter node and the precursor supplier node; Conduct carbon data reporting on the cross-border carbon data reporting blockchain, where the carbon data includes one or more of carbon emission data, precursor data, product data, waste gas and waste heat data, and supporting documents; When the exporter node and the precursor supplier node complete the carbon data reporting, the carbon data reporting authority is closed.

5. The cross-border carbon data reporting method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The method further comprises: Through the carbon data reporting contract, issuing carbon data reporting authority to the importer node and the importer's downstream purchaser node; The importer node and the importer's downstream purchasing node upload second information on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain; the second information includes one or more of production data, carbon emission data, and sales data.

6. The cross-border carbon data reporting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method further comprises: When verified by the carbon data reporting contract, in response to a carbon data query request from at least one node, carbon data query authority is issued to the at least one node, and the carbon data query authority is used by the at least one node to perform carbon data query on the cross-border blockchain, wherein the carbon data query authority complies with the time interval and indicator variable range specified in the authority clause in the carbon data reporting contract.

7. The cross-border carbon data reporting method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The step of issuing a carbon data query permission to the at least one node in response to the carbon data query request of the at least one node includes: In response to a carbon data query request from at least one node, at least one verification agency node verifies the carbon data uploaded to the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain according to the data query authority clause in the carbon data reporting contract; If the verification is passed, the carbon data query authority is issued to the at least one node.

8. A cross-border carbon data reporting device based on blockchain, characterized in that: Applied to a cross-border blockchain for carbon data reporting, the nodes on the cross-border blockchain for carbon data reporting include one or more of an importer node in a target region, an exporter node in a third country, a precursor supplier node, a designated verification agency node in the target region, a branch node of the designated verification agency in the third country, and a management agency node in the target region; the device includes: A contract publishing module, used to publish a carbon data reporting contract on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain; the carbon data reporting contract is a smart contract formulated by the importer node and the exporter node, and takes effect when signed by a designated node on the cross-border blockchain; A data reporting module is used to respond to a data reporting request sent by any node on the carbon data reporting cross-border blockchain, verify the data reporting request through the carbon data reporting contract, and report the data corresponding to the data reporting request if the verification is successful.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: a memory having a computer program stored thereon; A processor, configured to execute the computer program in the memory to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

11. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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