Photovoltaic cell

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage, in particular to a photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell comprises an upper-layer cell piece and a lower-layer cell piece which are vertically arranged at intervals, a first cavity is formed between the upper-layer cell piece and the lower-layer cell piece, the upper-layer cell piece comprises at least one first charging area and at least one first blank area which are alternately arranged at intervals, and the lower-layer cell piece comprises at least one second charging area. The first blank areas and the second charging areas are in one-to-one correspondence up and down, and the area of the second charging areas is larger than that of the first charging areas; the upper packaging layer is located above the upper-layer battery piece, the lower packaging layer is located below the lower-layer battery piece, the upper packaging layer comprises at least one light-transmitting area and at least one scattering area which are alternately arranged at intervals, the light-transmitting areas are located above the first charging areas in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the scattering areas are located above the first blank areas in a one-to-one correspondence mode. According to the photovoltaic cell, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell piece in the unit occupied area is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic cell. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic cells are devices that convert light energy into electrical energy based on the photoelectric effect. The main components of photovoltaic cells include cells, encapsulation layers, bus bars, etc. Among them, the cell is the core component of the photovoltaic cell. It is made of semiconductor materials and can convert light energy into electrical energy; the encapsulation layer is a protective layer covering the surface of the cell, which can protect the cell from the influence of the external environment and enhance the mechanical strength of the cell; the bus bar is a conductive component that connects the cell and the external circuit, which can transmit the electrical energy generated by the cell to the external circuit.

[0003] Although solar energy resources are abundant, the energy density of solar energy is relatively low and is unevenly distributed at different times and locations. In order to make more effective use of solar energy, it is important to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic cells in converting solar energy into electrical energy. Achieving a higher power generation efficiency per unit area of ​​photovoltaic cells means that more electricity can be generated under the same area, which can increase the overall power generation of photovoltaic cells, thereby reducing the footprint of solar power generation systems and reducing installation costs.

[0004] At present, in order to improve the power generation efficiency per unit area of ​​photovoltaic cells, the existing technologies mainly include the following technical means: 1) Expanding the area of ​​single-chip components as much as possible, so as to reduce the area waste caused by the component frame and the gap between components, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the overall cell. However, expanding the area of ​​single-chip components requires a higher strength component frame, and large-area components will increase costs in the production, transportation, installation and other links, and it is impossible to increase the area of ​​single-chip components indefinitely; 2) Through technologies such as busbarless cells, reducing the shading area of ​​the cells by various devices, thereby improving the power generation efficiency per unit area of ​​photovoltaic cells. However, the power generation efficiency per unit area improved by technologies such as busbarless cells is limited, and this busbarless cell technology is not yet mature and cannot be promoted on a large scale. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a photovoltaic cell to improve the power generation efficiency per unit area of ​​the photovoltaic cell, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell and reducing costs.

[0006] The present application provides a photovoltaic cell, comprising: At least two layers of battery cells are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, at least an upper battery cell and a lower battery cell, a first cavity is formed between two upper and lower adjacent battery cells, the upper battery cell comprises at least one first charging area and at least one first blank area alternately arranged, the lower battery cell comprises at least one second charging area, each of the first blank areas corresponds to each of the second charging areas, and the area of ​​the second charging area is greater than that of the first charging area; and An upper packaging layer is located above the upper battery cell and a lower packaging layer is located below the lower battery cell, the upper packaging layer includes at least one light-transmitting area and at least one scattering area alternately arranged, and each of the light-transmitting areas is located one-to-one above each of the first charging areas, and each of the scattering areas is located one-to-one above each of the first blank areas.

[0007] Furthermore, the scattering area is configured as a concave mirror structure, and the light-transmitting area is configured as a plane mirror structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper packaging layer and the upper battery cell are spaced apart to have a spacing space, and the spacing space forms a second cavity.

[0009] Furthermore, the lower battery sheet further includes at least one second blank area, each of the first charging areas and each of the second blank areas are arranged one by one above the other, and each of the second blank areas and each of the second charging areas of the lower battery sheet are arranged alternately. Furthermore, the busbars of the lower layer battery cells are arranged in the second blank area.

[0010] Furthermore, the first charging area leads the bus bar of the upper battery cell to the second blank area of ​​the lower battery cell by setting a lead-out line.

[0011] Furthermore, the lead wire is located in the first cavity, and the lead wire is a truncated cone structure, the circular area of ​​the top is smaller than the circular area of ​​the bottom, and the top and bottom of the lead wire are respectively connected to the first charging area and the second blank area corresponding to the upper and lower parts.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper battery cell is a flat structure; The lower battery sheet is a flat structure, or each of the second charging areas of the lower battery sheet is a concave U-shaped structure or a V-shaped structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower packaging layer includes a support portion, and an upper contour shape of the support portion is arranged corresponding to a lower contour shape of the lower battery cell, so that the lower surface of the lower battery cell is arranged in contact with the upper surface of the support portion.

[0014] Furthermore, the interior of the support portion is hollow, and heat dissipation holes are provided at opposite ends of the support portion; or The interior of the support part is hollow, and coolant is passed into the interior of the support part. The opposite ends of the support part are respectively provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are respectively used to be connected to the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the coolant circulation device.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic cell provided by the present application includes at least two layers of cells arranged in sequence from top to bottom, which are at least divided into an upper cell and a lower cell, and an upper packaging layer located above the upper cell and a lower packaging layer located below the lower cell, the upper packaging layer includes at least one light-transmitting area and at least one scattering area arranged alternately, a first cavity is formed between two upper and lower adjacent upper cell sheets and lower cell sheets, and the upper cell includes at least one first charging area and at least one first blank area arranged alternately, and each light-transmitting area is located one-to-one above each first charging area, and each scattering area is located one-to-one above each first blank area, and the lower cell includes at least one second charging area, each second charging area corresponds one-to-one to each first blank area, and the area of ​​the second charging area is larger than that of the first charging area. With such arrangement, when sunlight irradiates the light-transmitting area of ​​the upper packaging layer, it directly passes through the light-transmitting area (such as a plane mirror structure) and directly irradiates to the first charging area to be heated and undergo photoelectric conversion; when sunlight irradiates to the scattering area of ​​the upper packaging layer, the scattering area (such as a concave mirror structure) can scatter the sunlight, and the scattered sunlight is scattered through the first blank area of ​​the upper battery cell to the second charging area of ​​the lower battery cell below to be heated and undergo photoelectric conversion, wherein the first cavity formed between the upper and lower adjacent upper battery cells and the lower battery cell provides a downward scattering path space for the scattering area (such as a concave mirror structure), and the light-receiving area after heat dissipation is expanded compared to the light-receiving area of ​​direct irradiation, and the sum of the light-receiving area of ​​the upper battery cell (i.e., the total area of ​​each first charging area) and the light-receiving area of ​​the lower battery cell (i.e., the total area of ​​each second charging area) of the embodiment of the present application is greater than the total light-receiving area of ​​a battery cell with the same footprint, thereby effectively increasing the power generation efficiency of the battery cell per unit footprint, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, increasing the overall power generation, and at the same time reducing the footprint of the solar power generation system, reducing the installation cost, and the like. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic cell provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic cell provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0018] Reference numerals: 10- upper battery cell; 11- first charging area; 12- first blank area; 20-lower layer battery cell; 21- Second blank area; 22- second charging area; 221-U-type structure; 30- first cavity; 31-lead wire; 40 - second cavity; 50-upper packaging layer; 51-light transmission area; 52-scattering area; 60-lower packaging layer; 61-Supporting part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for which protection is sought, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0021] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0022] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the application is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0024] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0025] In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, some embodiments of the present application are described in detail below. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic cell, including at least two layers of cells arranged in sequence from top to bottom, at least an upper cell 10 and a lower cell 20. The present application takes the arrangement of two layers of cells as an example for illustration, and multiple layers of cells can also be arranged in sequence from top to bottom. A first cavity 30 is formed between the two upper and lower adjacent cells 10 and the lower cell 20, and the upper cell 10 includes at least one first charging area 11 and at least one first blank area 12 arranged alternately, and the lower cell 20 includes at least one second charging area 22, each of the first blank areas 12 corresponds to each of the second charging areas 22, and the area of ​​the second charging area 22 is larger than the area of ​​the first charging area 11; and an upper encapsulation layer 50 located above the upper cell 10 and a lower encapsulation layer located below the lower cell 20. 60, the upper packaging layer 50 includes at least one light-transmitting area 51 and at least one scattering area 52 alternately arranged. Preferably, the upper packaging layer 50 is set as a glass structure, the scattering area 52 is set as a concave mirror structure with a scattering function, and the light-transmitting area 51 is set as a light-transmitting plane mirror structure, so that the light-transmitting area 51 and the scattering area 52 can better realize the function of directing sunlight and the function of dissipating sunlight; and the light-transmitting areas 51 are located one by one above each first charging area 11, and the scattering areas 52 are located one by one above each first blank area 12.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic cell provided in the embodiment of the present application includes at least two layers of cells arranged in sequence from top to bottom, which are at least divided into an upper cell 10 and a lower cell 20, and an upper encapsulation layer 50 located above the upper cell 10 and a lower encapsulation layer 60 located below the lower cell 20, the upper encapsulation layer 50 includes at least one light-transmitting area 51 and at least one scattering area 52 arranged alternately, a first cavity 30 is formed between two adjacent upper and lower cell sheets 10 and 20, and the upper cell sheet 10 includes at least one light-transmitting area 51 and at least one scattering area 52 arranged alternately. A first charging area 11 and at least one first blank area 12, and each light-transmitting area 51 is located one-to-one above each first charging area 11, and each scattering area 52 is located one-to-one above each first blank area 12, and the lower battery sheet 20 includes at least one second blank area 21 and at least one second charging area 22 that are alternately arranged, and each first charging area 11 corresponds one-to-one with each second blank area 21, and each first blank area 12 corresponds one-to-one with each second charging area 22, and the area of ​​the second charging area 22 is larger than that of the first charging area 11.

[0028] In this way, when sunlight irradiates the light-transmitting area 51 of the upper packaging layer 50, it directly passes through the light-transmitting area 51 (such as a plane mirror structure) and directly irradiates the first charging area 11 to be heated and photoelectric conversion is performed; when sunlight irradiates the scattering area 52 of the upper packaging layer 50, the scattering area 52 (such as a concave mirror structure) can scatter the sunlight, and the scattered sunlight passes through the first blank area 12 of the upper battery cell 10 and is scattered to the second charging area 22 of the lower battery cell 20 below to be heated and photoelectric conversion is performed, wherein the first cavity 30 formed between the upper and lower adjacent two upper battery cells 10 and the lower battery cell 20 provides the scattering area 52 ( The light receiving area after heat dissipation is expanded compared with the direct light receiving area. The sum of the light receiving area of ​​the upper battery cell 10 (i.e. the total area of ​​each first charging area 11) and the light receiving area of ​​the lower battery cell 20 (i.e. the total area of ​​each second charging area 22) of the embodiment of the present application is larger than the total light receiving area of ​​a layer of battery cells with the same footprint. Therefore, the power generation efficiency of the battery cells per unit area is effectively increased, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, increasing the overall power generation, and at the same time reducing the footprint of the solar power generation system and reducing the installation cost.

[0029] A further embodiment is that the area of ​​each scattering region 52 of the upper packaging layer 50 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​each light-transmitting region 51, and can be specifically set in a 1:1 ratio. However, since the light-receiving area after scattering is larger, it is preferred to set the area of ​​the scattering region 52 larger than the area of ​​the light-transmitting region 51.

[0030] Another further embodiment is that the scattering area of ​​the sunlight scattered through each scattering area 52 and each first blank area 12 located thereunder to the corresponding second charging areas 22 below covers the structural light receiving area of ​​each second charging area 22, so that each second charging area 22 can receive the area where the sunlight is scattered as fully as possible, thereby increasing the unit power generation efficiency as much as possible.

[0031] Further preferably, the upper packaging layer 50 and the upper battery cell 10 are spaced apart to have a spacing space, and the spacing space can form a second cavity 40, so that the upper and lower spacing of the second cavity 40 can further increase the scattering expansion angle of the scattered light through the scattering area 52, thereby increasing the scattered light receiving area of ​​the second charging area irradiated to the lower battery cell, thereby further increasing the power generation efficiency per unit battery area.

[0032] A preferred embodiment is that, due to the setting of each first charging area 11 of the upper battery cell 10, it is bound to block the upper and lower corresponding areas of the lower battery cell 20, so that a large part of the area of ​​the lower battery cell 20 is in a light-shielded state. In order to save costs, a charging battery string may not be set in the light-shielded area. Specifically, the lower battery cell 20 may also include at least one second blank area 21, that is, the light-shielded area is set as the second blank area 21, and the first charging areas 11 correspond one by one to the second blank areas 21, that is, the second blank areas 21 and the second charging areas 22 of the lower battery cell 20 are alternately arranged.

[0033] Furthermore, the busbars of the lower battery cell 20 in the aforementioned embodiment can be arranged in each second blank area 21 thereof. In the prior art, in order to increase the light received, most battery cells will choose to reduce the shielding of the sunlight by the busbars and other auxiliary circuit accessories of the battery cell, and will reduce the configuration of the busbars, etc., for example, making the busbars very thin, but the thinning of the busbars will increase the internal resistance of the circuit and reduce the power generation efficiency. In the embodiment of the present application, the second blank area 21 of the lower battery cell 20 is fully utilized to fully arrange the busbars, fully realize the role of the busbars, and further ensure the power generation efficiency.

[0034] Furthermore, on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, the bus bar of the upper battery cell 10 is also arranged in the second blank area 21 of the lower battery cell 20 by means of lead wires 31. Specifically, each first charging area 11 can lead the bus bar of the upper battery cell 10 to each second blank area 21 of the lower battery cell 20 by means of lead wires 31, so as to reduce the shielding of each first charging area 11 by the bus bar and other circuit accessories in the upper battery cell 10, so as to further increase the effective area of ​​the first charging area 11 in the upper battery cell 10, and further improve the overall power generation efficiency per unit area of ​​the battery cell. Furthermore, in order to reduce the length of the lead wires 31, each second blank area 21 is arranged flush with each second charging area 22.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, the lead wire 31 is located in the first cavity 30, and the lead wire 31 can be a cylindrical, truncated cone, or other shaped structure, such as Figure 2 As shown, the lead wire 31 is preferably a truncated cone structure, the circular area of ​​the top is smaller than the circular area of ​​the bottom, and the top and bottom of the lead wire 31 are respectively connected to the first charging area 11 and the second blank area 21 corresponding to the upper and lower parts. The truncated cone-shaped lead wire 31 not only increases the contact area, making the connection more stable, but also forms a strong support between the upper battery cell 10 and the lower battery cell 20, making the structure of the entire battery cell more stable, but also reduces the internal resistance and improves the electrical performance of the battery cell.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown, an optional embodiment is that both the upper battery cell 10 and the lower battery cell 20 can be configured as a flat structure with equal thickness and uniform distribution.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, in order to increase the light receiving area of ​​the second charging zone 22 during scattering, the upper battery cell 10 can be set to a flat structure with equal thickness and uniform distribution, while each second charging zone 22 of the lower battery cell 20 is a concave U-shaped structure 221 or a V-shaped structure, and each second blank area 21 of the lower battery cell 20 can be a flat structure with equal thickness and uniform distribution. For the same floor area size, the concave U-shaped structure 221 or the V-shaped structure can greatly increase the light receiving area per unit floor area relative to the flat structure, thereby further improving the power generation efficiency per unit floor area.

[0038] Further, such as Figure 2 As shown, the lower packaging layer 60 may include a support portion 61, and the upper contour shape of the support portion 61 is arranged corresponding to the lower contour shape of the lower battery cell 20, so that the lower surface of the lower battery cell 20 is fitted to the upper surface of the support portion 61, so that the structure of the lower battery cell 20 is more stable; preferably, the support portion 61 is made of a rigid, insulating material, such as a ceramic material.

[0039] An optional embodiment is that in order to protect the internal environment of the battery cell to be clean, the four sides of the first cavity 30 formed between the upper battery cell 10 and the lower battery cell 20 can all be sealed and dust-free.

[0040] In addition, since photovoltaic cells are often installed outdoors, overheating will cause the performance of its various devices to deteriorate, and heat conduction in the air and heat generation from the cells will cause a large amount of heat to accumulate in the first cavity, so the problem of heat dissipation needs to be considered.

[0041] In order to solve the above problem, an optional embodiment is to set the interior of the support part 61 as a hollow structure, and to open heat dissipation holes at opposite ends of the support part 61 to take away part of the heat through the heat dissipation holes.

[0042] Another optional embodiment is to also set the interior of the support part 61 as a hollow structure, and to allow the coolant to flow into the interior of the support part 61. The opposite ends of the support part 61 may be provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, respectively, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet may be connected to the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the coolant circulation device, respectively. The heat dissipation capacity can be further enhanced, and the coolant circulates to continuously remove the heat in the photovoltaic cell.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic cell, characterized in that: include: At least two layers of battery cells are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, at least an upper battery cell and a lower battery cell, a first cavity is formed between two upper and lower adjacent battery cells, the upper battery cell comprises at least one first charging area and at least one first blank area alternately arranged, the lower battery cell comprises at least one second charging area, each of the first blank areas corresponds to each of the second charging areas, and the area of ​​the second charging area is greater than that of the first charging area; and An upper packaging layer is located above the upper battery cell and a lower packaging layer is located below the lower battery cell, the upper packaging layer includes at least one light-transmitting area and at least one scattering area alternately arranged, and each of the light-transmitting areas is located one-to-one above each of the first charging areas, and each of the scattering areas is located one-to-one above each of the first blank areas.

2. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scattering area is configured as a concave mirror structure, and the light-transmitting area is configured as a plane mirror structure.

3. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper packaging layer and the upper battery sheet are spaced apart to form a spacing space, and the spacing space forms a second cavity.

4. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower battery sheet further includes at least one second blank area, each of the first charging areas is arranged one by one with each of the second blank areas, and each of the second blank areas and each of the second charging areas of the lower battery sheet is arranged alternately.

5. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The busbars of the lower battery sheet are arranged in the second blank area.

6. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first charging area leads the bus bar of the upper battery sheet to the second blank area of ​​the lower battery sheet by setting a lead-out line.

7. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lead-out wire is located in the first cavity, and is a truncated cone-shaped structure, with a circular area at the top smaller than a circular area at the bottom. The top and bottom of the lead-out wire are respectively connected to the first charging area and the second blank area corresponding to the upper and lower parts.

8. The photovoltaic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The upper battery sheet is a flat structure; The lower battery sheet is a flat structure, or each of the second charging areas of the lower battery sheet is a concave U-shaped structure or a V-shaped structure.

9. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lower packaging layer includes a support portion, the upper contour shape of the support portion is arranged corresponding to the lower contour shape of the lower battery cell, so that the lower surface of the lower battery cell is arranged in contact with the upper surface of the support portion.

10. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: The interior of the support portion is hollow, and heat dissipation holes are provided at opposite ends of the support portion; or The interior of the support part is hollow, and coolant is passed into the interior of the support part. The opposite ends of the support part are respectively provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are respectively used to be connected to the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the coolant circulation device.

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