Loss reduction and control grain storage method for bulk granary

Abstract

The invention discloses a loss-reducing and loss-controlling grain storage method for a bulk granary. The method comprises the following steps that S1, grain warehousing is conducted, specifically, grains are conveyed into the granary from a granary grain inlet through a bulk grain conveyor; s2, grain storage; S3, grain delivery: the grain is delivered from a granary door by adopting a bulk grain conveyor. The method has the advantages that the loss of grain moisture can be reduced in the grain storage process, the temperature of the granary is effectively controlled, the loss of the grain bulk granary in the grain storage process is reduced, and the effect of reducing and controlling the loss of the grain is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of grain storage, and in particular to a loss-reducing and consumption-controlling grain storage method in a bulk grain silo. Background Art

[0002] Bulk granaries are warehouses used to store grain in bulk. The characteristic is that the grain directly acts on the walls and the ground, and the walls of the warehouse bear the lateral pressure of the grain. Saving grain and reducing losses in the process of grain storage and preservation is equal to increasing production. Using scientific and technological means to store and manage grain well and achieve green and high-quality storage is an important part of ensuring food security. In the process of storing grain in bulk granaries, if conventional grain storage technology is used to store grain, it will cause great storage losses. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a bulk grain storage method for reducing loss and controlling consumption, which can effectively reduce the loss of grain stored in the grain warehouse.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0005] A method for storing grain in a bulk grain silo with reduced loss and controlled consumption comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1: Grain storage: Use bulk grain conveyor to deliver grain from the grain inlet to the grain silo;

[0007] S2: Food Storage:

[0008] S11: Install fumigation and ventilation cages around the bottom of the granary and at the four corners of the granary wall and connect them with the original cages to eliminate the dead corners of fumigation and ventilation around the warehouse and at the four corners of the warehouse wall, and improve the cooling and fumigation and insecticidal effects of mechanical ventilation;

[0009] S12: Install airtight structures on warehouse walls, doors, windows and ventilation holes to improve the airtightness of the warehouse, so that the grain pile in the warehouse is not affected by external conditions and reduce moisture loss;

[0010] S13: Add a heat-insulating and leak-proof steel structure roof or a photovoltaic solar roof to the top of the granary to ensure that the sun does not reach the top of the silo and control the silo temperature;

[0011] S14: A low-power axial flow fan is installed at the ventilation hole to perform segmented water-retaining ventilation and cooling of the granary in winter;

[0012] S3: Grain out of warehouse: Use bulk grain conveyor to transport grain out of the warehouse through the granary door.

[0013] Preferably, the step S14 of segmented water-retaining ventilation and cooling is specifically as follows:

[0014] The first stage of mechanical ventilation is operated from the second half of October to mid-November. When the outside temperature reaches 13℃ at night, turn on the low-power axial flow fan on the gable of the warehouse to adopt upward negative pressure mechanical ventilation for cooling. Turn off the low-power axial flow fan before the sun comes out the next morning, and wait until the next night to ventilate according to the above operation. When the average grain temperature reaches between 14℃ and 15℃, stop the first stage of mechanical ventilation for cooling.

[0015] The second stage of mechanical ventilation is operated from late December to late February of the following year. When the outside temperature reaches below 6°C at night, turn on the fans on the gables of the warehouse and use upward negative pressure mechanical ventilation for cooling. Turn off the low-power axial flow fans before the sun comes out the next morning, and wait until the next night to perform ventilation according to the above operations. When the average grain temperature reaches between 9°C and 11°C, stop the second stage of mechanical ventilation for cooling.

[0016] Preferably, the step S14 of segmented water-retaining ventilation and cooling is performed continuously during the day and night for mechanical ventilation and cooling when the rain and snow stop and there is no obvious moisture on the ground.

[0017] Preferably, the power of the low-power axial flow fan is 0.5kw-1.0kw.

[0018] Preferably, the power of the low-power axial flow fan is 0.8kw.

[0019] Preferably, in step S12, the outer side of the warehouse wall is painted with heat-insulating reflective material.

[0020] Preferably, the door and window holes and ventilation holes are filled with heat insulating materials.

[0021] Preferably, the warehouse door is equipped with an insulated, sealed and heat-insulating door.

[0022] Preferably, a moisture-proof layer is laid on the bottom and around the granary.

[0023] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0024] (1) The present application can reduce the loss of grain moisture during grain storage and preservation, effectively control the temperature of grain silos, reduce the loss of grain during storage in bulk grain silos, and achieve the effect of reducing grain losses and controlling consumption.

[0025] (2) By setting up fumigation ventilation cages, the cooling effect of mechanical ventilation and fumigation insecticide can be improved;

[0026] (3) By installing airtight materials on the warehouse walls, doors, windows, and ventilation holes, the airtightness of the warehouse can be improved, so that the grain pile in the warehouse is not affected by external conditions and moisture loss is reduced;

[0027] (4) By using low-power axial flow fans for segmented water-retaining ventilation and cooling, and taking advantage of the low temperature and high humidity weather at night for ventilation and cooling, the humidity of the outside air entering the grain pile increases, which reduces the moisture resolution capacity of the grain pile. While lowering the temperature, it also reduces the loss of moisture in the grain pile during the mechanical ventilation and cooling process in winter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in each embodiment of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0029] Grain piles are mainly composed of grains, impurities, microorganisms, insects and mites, and voids. The scattering of grain piles: The better the scattering of grain piles, the greater the lateral pressure on the warehouse. Loading grain too high will cause certain safety hazards to the warehouse wall. Automatic grading of grain piles: The automatic grading of grain piles is advantageous in that it can clean up impurities, but disadvantageously it redistributes the composition of the grain pile, forming an impurity gathering area with high moisture content, low porosity, insect and mildew breeding, high adsorption, and fumigation ventilation difficulties. Porosity: The voids in the grain pile can dissipate the moisture and heat in the grain pile, which is not easy to cause heating and mildew. The large porosity makes it easy for fumigation gases to be exchanged, and poisonous gases can easily penetrate the grain pile. The disadvantage is that the larger the porosity, the faster the gas exchange, and the faster the moisture loss of the grain pile. Adsorption: Due to the adsorption of grain, it is very easy to absorb odors, affecting the edible value of grain. It is also easy to absorb fumigation poisonous gases and reduce the fumigation effect. Grain pile airflow: Under normal circumstances, the micro-airflow speed of the grain pile is 0.1-0.2 m / s. The greater the external influence, the faster the micro-airflow speed. The advantages are that the faster the micro-airflow speed, the faster the fumigation gas penetrates the grain pile; second, the faster the moisture and heat in the grain dissipate, ensuring the safety of grain storage, and mechanical ventilation can be used to reduce grain temperature and moisture. The disadvantage is that the "chimney effect" of poor airtightness is aggravated, and the moisture loss of the grain pile is fast.

[0030] The grain in the grain pile consumes oxygen, releases carbon dioxide and heat, consumes dry matter, reduces the weight of the grain, and forms a loss. The higher the moisture and temperature, the faster the respiration, causing the grain pile to "sweat" and the grain temperature to rise. The advantage is that respiration can promote the ripening of wheat and other grains and improve the quality of processing technology. As long as the grain obtains enough moisture, suitable sunlight, and sufficient oxygen, it can germinate. Therefore, measures should be taken to control the grain to obtain the above three conditions, so that the stored grain is in a dormant state and the purpose of safe grain storage is achieved.

[0031] During grain preservation, it is affected by three temperatures and three humiditys. The external temperature and granary temperature and grain temperature are called the three temperatures, and the external humidity and granary humidity are called the three humiditys. The influence rule is: the external temperature and external humidity affect the granary temperature and granary humidity, and the granary temperature and granary humidity affect the grain temperature and granary humidity.

[0032] A method for storing grain in a bulk grain silo with reduced loss and controlled consumption comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1: Grain storage: Use bulk grain conveyor to deliver grain from the grain storage port to the grain storage; when the grain is stored, quickly complete the grain storage work, level the grain surface in time, and transfer to the normal storage link. Try not to have a situation where grain is not stored in time in a granary, the grain pile cannot be leveled for a long time, and the moisture volatilization of the grain pile is aggravated, and the moisture loss is serious.

[0034] S2: Food Storage:

[0035] S11: Install fumigation and ventilation cages around the bottom of the granary and at the four corners of the granary wall and connect them with the original cages to eliminate the dead corners of fumigation and ventilation around the warehouse and at the four corners of the warehouse wall, and improve the cooling and fumigation and insecticidal effects of mechanical ventilation;

[0036] S12: Install airtight structures on warehouse walls, doors, windows and ventilation holes to improve the airtightness of the warehouse, so that the grain pile in the warehouse is not affected by external conditions, maintains stability to the greatest extent, and reduces moisture loss caused by the "chimney effect";

[0037] S13: Add a heat-insulating and leak-proof steel structure roof or a photovoltaic solar roof to the top of the granary to ensure that the sun does not reach the top of the silo and control the silo temperature;

[0038] S14: A low-power axial flow fan is installed at the ventilation hole to perform segmented water-retaining ventilation and cooling of the granary in winter;

[0039] S3: Grain out of the warehouse: Use bulk grain conveyor to take grain out of the warehouse from the warehouse door. When the grain is out of the warehouse, complete the outbound work quickly to ensure that the grain is completely clean and reduce grain loss. Strictly prevent the grain pile from being opened for a long time after part of it is out of the warehouse, and try to avoid opening multiple doors of a warehouse to take grain out of the warehouse, which will increase the evaporation and loss of moisture in the grain pile on the working surface.

[0040] Step S14 of segmented water conservation ventilation and cooling is specifically as follows:

[0041] This segmented water-retaining ventilation and cooling operation takes Kunming, Yunnan as an example. The key to segmented water-retaining ventilation in low-temperature weather with a small-power axial fan is the control of ventilation timing, temperature and humidity. If the outside temperature is too high, ineffective ventilation will be formed, increasing water loss. If the outside temperature is too low, the temperature difference between the grain temperature on the surface of the grain pile and the warehouse temperature is too large, which is easy to cause condensation on the surface of the grain pile. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the ventilation timing and temperature and humidity. The first stage of mechanical ventilation operation in the medium and low temperature grain storage ecological zone is approximately from late October to mid-November. According to the weather forecast, when the outside temperature is forecast to reach 13°C at 11:00 at night, the temperature is lowest and the humidity is highest at 5:00-7:00 at night. Under such weather conditions, arrange ventilation personnel to turn on the fan on the gable of the warehouse at around 11:00 at night, and use upward negative pressure mechanical ventilation to cool down. Turn off the fan before the sun comes out at 8:30-9:00 the next morning, and wait for the next night to ventilate according to the above operations. When the average grain temperature reaches between 14-15℃, stop the first stage of mechanical ventilation and cooling (even if the ventilation temperature during the day reaches the above conditions, it is recommended not to ventilate, because the humidity is low during the day and the ventilation loss is large). When ventilation is stopped, the bottom grain temperature is generally 10-14℃. The second stage of mechanical ventilation operation time is from late December to late February of the following year; when the nighttime outside temperature reaches below 6℃, turn on the fan on the gable of the warehouse at night, and use upward negative pressure mechanical ventilation and cooling; turn off the low-power axial flow fan before the sun comes out the next morning, and wait until the next night to ventilate according to the above operations; when the average grain temperature reaches between 9℃-11℃, stop the second stage of mechanical ventilation and cooling. After achieving this effect, wait for the arrival of a cold wave or when the temperature is lower.

[0042] The second stage of mechanical ventilation operation time is about late December to late February of the following year. According to the weather forecast, when the outside temperature is forecast to reach below 6℃ at 11:00 pm, the temperature is lowest and the humidity is highest at 5:00-7:00 pm. Under such weather conditions, arrange ventilation personnel to turn on the fan on the gable of the warehouse at around 11:00 pm, and use upward negative pressure mechanical ventilation to cool down. Turn off the fan before the sun comes out at 8:30-9:00 am the next morning, and wait for the next night to ventilate according to the above operations. When the average grain temperature reaches between 9℃-11℃, stop the mechanical ventilation and cooling of the second stage (even if the ventilation temperature during the day meets the above conditions, it is recommended not to ventilate, because the humidity is low during the day and the ventilation loss is large). When the ventilation is stopped, the bottom grain temperature is generally between 5℃-12℃. After achieving this effect, stop the mechanical ventilation and cooling operation decisively (in rainy and snowy weather, after the rain and snow stop, there is no obvious moisture on the ground, and mechanical ventilation and cooling are continued during the day and night. The effect is better in such weather). If there is still an opportunity for ventilation after the Spring Festival, mechanical ventilation and cooling should be carried out again according to the above conditions and methods, and then closed temperature control should be carried out immediately after mechanical ventilation and cooling are stopped.

[0043] The power of the low-power axial flow fan is 0.8kw. In step S12, the outer side of the warehouse wall is painted with heat-insulating reflective material, and the door and window holes and ventilation holes are filled with heat-insulating materials to reduce the transmission of external temperature into the warehouse; the warehouse door is equipped with an insulated and sealed door to solve the problems of external temperature entering from the warehouse door, poor sealing performance, and pests invading the warehouse from the door position; a moisture-proof layer is laid on the bottom and around the granary; air conditioning is also installed in the warehouse to reduce the warehouse temperature in summer; a moisture-proof layer is laid on the bottom and around the granary, which can effectively isolate the moisture from the outside of the granary from penetrating.

[0044] By adopting this application, the grain temperature in the warehouse is reduced, the breeding of pests is suppressed, and the loss of grain moisture due to the heat accumulation in the natural ventilation space and the heat accumulation in mechanical ventilation caused by temperature control is greatly reduced. At the same time, after the temperature drops, the number of times doors and windows are opened decreases, the environmental pressure of grain storage in the warehouse increases, and the moisture resolution capacity of the grain pile decreases, thereby preserving the moisture in the grain. Table 1 is a statistical table of the grain outbound situation in the granary. It can be seen from the table that through the method in this application, the comprehensive loss rate for the whole year of 2024 is 0.168%, which is far lower than the standard level of 0.8% to 1.0%.

[0045]

[0046] Statistics of grain shipments in 2024

[0047] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of these embodiments are made without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for storing grain in bulk granaries with reduced losses and controlled consumption, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Grain storage: Use bulk grain conveyor to deliver grain from the grain inlet to the granary; S2: Food Storage: S11: Install fumigation and ventilation cages around the bottom of the granary and at the four corners of the granary wall and connect them with the original cages to eliminate the dead corners of fumigation and ventilation around the warehouse and at the four corners of the warehouse wall, and improve the cooling and fumigation and insecticidal effects of mechanical ventilation; S12: Install airtight materials on warehouse walls, doors, windows, and ventilation holes to improve the airtightness of the warehouse, so that the grain pile in the warehouse is not affected by external conditions and reduce moisture loss; S13: Add a heat-insulating and leak-proof steel structure roof or a photovoltaic solar roof to the top of the granary to ensure that the sun does not reach the top of the silo and control the silo temperature; S14: A low-power axial flow fan is installed at the ventilation hole to perform segmented water-retaining ventilation and cooling of the granary in winter; S3: Grain out of the warehouse: Use bulk grain conveyor to transport grain out of the warehouse through the warehouse door.

2. The method for storing grain in bulk granary with loss reduction and consumption control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S14 of segmented water-retaining ventilation and cooling is specifically as follows: The first stage of mechanical ventilation is operated from the second half of October to mid-November. When the outside temperature reaches 13℃ at night, turn on the low-power axial flow fan on the gable of the warehouse to adopt upward negative pressure mechanical ventilation for cooling. Turn off the low-power axial flow fan before the sun comes out the next morning, and wait until the next night to ventilate according to the above operation. When the average grain temperature reaches between 14℃ and 15℃, stop the first stage of mechanical ventilation for cooling. The second stage of mechanical ventilation is operated from late December to late February of the following year. When the outside temperature reaches below 6°C at night, turn on the fans on the gables of the warehouse and use upward negative pressure mechanical ventilation for cooling. Turn off the low-power axial flow fans before the sun comes out the next morning, and wait until the next night to perform ventilation according to the above operations. When the average grain temperature reaches between 9°C and 11°C, stop the second stage of mechanical ventilation for cooling.

3. The bulk grain storage method for reducing loss and controlling consumption according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step S14 of segmented water-retaining ventilation and cooling is to continuously perform mechanical ventilation and cooling during the day and night after the rain and snow stop and there is no obvious moisture on the ground.

4. The method for storing grain in bulk granary with loss reduction and consumption control according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The power of the low-power axial flow fan is 0.5kw-1.0kw.

5. The method for storing grain in bulk granary with loss reduction and consumption control according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power of the low-power axial flow fan is 0.8kw.

6. The method for storing grain in bulk granary with loss reduction and consumption control according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S12, the outer side of the warehouse wall is coated with heat-insulating reflective material.

7. The method for storing grain in bulk granary with loss reduction and consumption control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The door and window holes and ventilation holes are filled with heat insulation materials.

8. The method for storing grain in bulk granary with loss reduction and consumption control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The warehouse door is equipped with a heat-insulating, airtight, and thermally-insulating door.

9. The method for storing grain in bulk granary with loss reduction and consumption control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom and surrounding of the granary are all paved with a moisture-proof layer.

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