Device and process for producing special substrate for raising seedlings on rice seedbed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of seedling raising substrate production, in particular to a device and process for producing a substrate special for rice seedbed seedling raising. The device comprises a nutrient soil box, a rice husk charcoal box, an adding material box and a mixing box; nutrient soil and carbonized rice hull ash are filtered and screened and then mixed according to the weight ratio of 6: 4, and the carbonized rice hull ash comprises, by weight, 70% of rice hull charcoal, 10% of perlite, 10% of vermiculite, 5% of organic fertilizer and 5% of cow dung. Materials are assembled through the nutrient soil box, the rice husk charcoal box and the material adding box, the feeding amount is controlled through the weighing sensor and the valve, then the adding amount of different materials is accurately controlled, it is guaranteed that the matching meets the requirement, the ingredients are evenly stirred and mixed through the mixing box, automatic production of the seedling raising substrate is achieved, and the production efficiency is improved. The problems of low efficiency, high labor cost, uncontrollable proportioning accuracy and influence on seedling quality and yield benefit due to the fact that proportioning and mixing of seedling substrate raw materials are completed manually are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rice seedling raising substrate production, and in particular to a special substrate production device and process for rice seedling raising in a seedling bed. Background Art

[0002] Rice seedling substrate is a special soil or medium used for rice seedling cultivation, which can provide a suitable environment to promote the healthy growth of rice seedlings. Different proportions of rice seedling substrate have a significant impact on the quality and yield benefits of rice seedlings.

[0003] The seedling substrate materials currently used are mainly composed of peat, rock wool, vermiculite, perlite, bagasse, mushroom residue, gravel, ceramsite and other additives in a certain proportion. The current seedling substrate raw material ratio and mixing are all completed manually, which is inefficient, has high labor costs, and the accuracy of the ingredients is uncontrollable, which affects the quality and yield efficiency of the seedlings. To this end, we propose a special substrate production device and process for rice seedlings. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes a special matrix production device and process for rice seedling cultivation in a seedling bed, which has the characteristics of realizing automatic batching and mixing, high efficiency, saving labor costs and high accuracy, and ensuring the quality and yield benefits of seedlings. It solves the problem that the proportioning and mixing of raw materials of the seedling cultivation matrix are all completed by manual operation, with low efficiency and high labor costs, and the accuracy of the batching cannot be controlled, which affects the quality and yield benefits of the seedlings.

[0005] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A special substrate production device for rice seedling bed seedling raising comprises a column, a layer plate 1 is arranged on the column, a nutrient soil box, a rice husk charcoal box and an additive box are installed on the layer plate 1, and a mixing box is arranged at the bottom of the layer plate 1;

[0007] The nutrient soil box, rice husk charcoal box and additive box are all connected to the first layer plate through pillars, and a weighing sensor for detecting weight is arranged on the pillars; a feeding pipe 1 with an additive valve 1 is arranged at the bottom of the nutrient soil box; a feeding pipe 2 with an additive valve 2 is arranged at the bottom of the rice husk charcoal box, and an additive pipe with a valve is arranged at the bottom of the additive box;

[0008] It also includes a controller, which is used to control the first adding valve, the second adding valve, and the valve of the adding pipe based on the data detected by the weighing sensor, and add a certain amount of nutrient soil, rice husk charcoal and additives into the mixing box for mixing according to the ratio.

[0009] Preferably, a partition is provided in the added material box, and the partition separates the added material box into a perlite box, a vermiculite box, an organic fertilizer box and a cow dung box.

[0010] Preferably, the bottoms of the perlite box, vermiculite box, organic fertilizer box and cow dung box are all provided with outlets, each outlet is connected to an addition pipe, each addition pipe is provided with a valve, and the addition boxes corresponding to the perlite box, vermiculite box, organic fertilizer box and cow dung box are provided with transparent layers for observing the remaining amounts of different additives.

[0011] Preferably, the nutrient soil box and the rice husk charcoal box are both provided with a discharging mechanism;

[0012] The discharging mechanism includes a discharging motor, which is installed at the bottom of the nutrient soil box and the rice husk charcoal box. The output shaft of the discharging motor faces upward and is connected to the support plate. A plurality of discharging plates are arranged between the support plate and the box body, and a discharging cavity is formed between the plurality of discharging plates. The discharging cavity is connected to the discharging port at the bottom of the box body. The discharging motor is used to drive the discharging plate to rotate and push the material at the bottom of the box body to the discharging port.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the support plate is a raised arc or cone structure, and the discharge motor drives the support plate to rotate, thereby driving the material in the center of the box to flow to the edge of the box;

[0014] The discharging plate is one or more combinations of a straight plate, an inclined plate and an arc plate. When it is an inclined plate or an arc plate, the tilting direction and the deflection direction are the same as the rotation direction of the discharging motor.

[0015] Preferably, the mixing box is mounted on the second layer plate on the column, a stirring mechanism is arranged inside the mixing box, and a rotating mechanism is arranged outside the mixing box; the stirring mechanism comprises a stirring motor mounted on the first layer plate, and the output shaft of the stirring motor is connected to a stirring rod and a stirring frame extending into the mixing box;

[0016] The rotating mechanism includes a hollow shaft eccentrically arranged at the bottom of the mixing box, a roller arranged at the bottom of the mixing box and a driving motor installed on the second layer plate, the output shaft of the driving motor is connected with a cam, the eccentric part of the cam is rotatably connected with the push rod, the push rod is fixedly connected with the limit sliding sleeve, the limit sliding sleeve is sleeved outside the mixing box and can rotate along the outer wall of the mixing box;

[0017] The eccentric distance of the hollow shaft is not greater than the distance between the stirring frame and the inner wall of the mixing box. The bottom of the mixing box is connected to a discharge pipe arranged in the hollow shaft, and a valve is arranged on the discharge pipe.

[0018] Preferably, a filtering device is provided on the top of the nutrient soil box and the rice husk charcoal box, and the filtering device comprises a filtering screen plate 1 and a filtering screen plate 2, the filtering screen plate 1 and the filtering screen plate 2 are fixed on the column through a cross bar, a plurality of sliding rods that can slide along the cross bar are sleeved on the top of the cross bar, and the plurality of sliding rods are fixed by a connecting rod, and a scraper plate 1 and a scraper plate 2 are provided on the connecting rod corresponding to the filtering screen plate 1 and the filtering screen plate 2;

[0019] The eccentric part of the push rod or cam is connected with a vertical rod, and the vertical rod is inserted into the slide groove of the connecting rod. The vertical rod is used to move forward and backward along the slide groove during the rotation along the output shaft of the driving motor, and at the same time drive the scraper 1 and the scraper 2 to move the screening material left and right.

[0020] Preferably, the column is provided with a first feeding hopper for adding nutrient soil to the first filter screen plate, and a second feeding hopper for adding rice husk charcoal to the second filter screen plate;

[0021] The side of the filter screen plate 1 is connected to the nutrient soil impurity box through the collecting pipe 1, the side of the filter screen plate 2 is connected to the rice husk charcoal impurity box through the collecting pipe 2, and a matrix finished product box is arranged at the bottom of the mixing box.

[0022] Preferably, the controller is provided with a timer and an alarm, the timer is used to record the discharging time of the nutrient soil box, the rice husk charcoal box and the additive box, and to sound an alarm through the alarm when the box is empty or blocked.

[0023] A production process of a special substrate for raising rice seedlings in a rice seedling bed comprises the following steps: filtering and screening nutrient soil and carbonized rice husk ash, and then mixing them in a weight ratio of 6:4, wherein the weight components of the carbonized rice husk ash include 70% of rice husk charcoal, 10% of perlite, 10% of vermiculite, 5% of organic fertilizer and 5% of cow dung.

[0024] The present invention provides a special substrate production device and process for rice seedling bed seedlings. The materials are assembled through a nutrient soil box, a rice husk charcoal box, and an additive box, and the additive amount is controlled by a weighing sensor and a valve, thereby realizing accurate control of the additive amount of different materials to ensure that the proportion meets the requirements. The ingredients are uniformly stirred and mixed through a mixing box to realize automatic production of the seedling substrate, solving the problem that the proportioning and mixing of the raw materials of the seedling substrate are all completed by manual operation, which has low efficiency, high labor cost, and uncontrollable accuracy of the ingredients, affecting the quality and yield efficiency of the seedlings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the material box is added to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nutrient soil box of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the discharge plate of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 The operation diagram of the mixing box of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 6 The operation diagram of the mixing box of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 .

[0031] In the figure: 1, column; 2, layer plate 1; 3, nutrient soil box; 4, rice husk charcoal box; 5, mixing box; 6, feed box; 7, weighing sensor; 8, feed pipe 1; 9, feed valve 1; 10, feed pipe 2; 11, feed valve 2; 12, controller; 13, perlite box; 14, vermiculite box; 15, organic fertilizer box; 16, cow dung box; 17, partition; 18, transparent layer; 19, feed pipe; 20, pillar; 21, discharge motor; 22, support plate; 23, discharge plate; 24, discharge cavity; 25, discharge port; 26, stirring motor; 27, stirring rod; 2 8. Stirring frame; 29. ​​Roller; 30. Hollow shaft; 31. Discharge pipe; 32. Drive motor; 33. Cam; 34. Push rod; 35. Limiting sleeve; 36. Matrix finished product box; 37. Cross bar; 38. Filter screen plate one; 39. Filter screen plate two; 40. Slide bar; 41. Connecting rod; 42. Scraper one; 43. Scraper two; 44. Vertical rod; 45. Collecting tube one; 46. Nutrient soil impurity box; 47. Collecting tube two; 48. Rice husk charcoal impurity box; 49. Feeding hopper one; 50. Feeding hopper two; 51. Layer two; 52. Timer; 53. Alarm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, a special substrate production device for rice seedlings in a seedling bed comprises a column 1, a layer plate 2 is arranged on the column 1, a nutrient soil box 3, a rice husk charcoal box 4 and an additive box 6 are installed on the layer plate 2, and a mixing box 5 is arranged at the bottom of the layer plate 2; the nutrient soil in the nutrient soil box 3 is selected from the rice field where rice is planted, and is crushed, pulverized and sieved after drying. The rice husk charcoal box 4 is filled with oil rice husk charcoal, and the additive box 6 is filled with a small amount of other additives.

[0036] The nutrient soil box 3, the rice husk charcoal box 4 and the additive box 6 are all connected to the layer plate 2 through the pillar 20, and the pillar 20 is provided with a weighing sensor 7 for detecting weight; the weighing sensor 7 is used to weigh the total weight of the box body and a certain raw material, and the weights of the added nutrient soil, rice husk charcoal and additives are obtained by comparison before and after. A feeding pipe 8 with an adding valve 9 is provided at the bottom of the nutrient soil box 3; the adding valve 9 is closed after the weight of the added nutrient soil reaches the requirement, a feeding pipe 10 with an adding valve 11 is provided at the bottom of the rice husk charcoal box 4, and the adding valve 11 is closed after the weight of the added rice husk charcoal reaches the requirement, and an adding pipe 19 with a valve is provided at the bottom of the additive box 6, and the adding pipe 19 is closed after the weight of the additive reaches the requirement;

[0037] It also includes a controller 12, which is used to control the valves of the adding valve 1 9, the adding valve 2 11, and the adding pipe 19 based on the data detected by the weighing sensor 7, and add a certain amount of nutrient soil, rice husk charcoal and additives to the mixing box 5 for mixing according to the ratio. The certain amount of nutrient soil, rice husk charcoal and additives enter the mixing box 5 through the feeding pipe 1 8, the feeding pipe 2 10, and the adding pipe 19 respectively, and are stirred evenly to obtain a finished product of a special matrix for raising rice seedlings. The automated production of the seedling raising matrix solves the problem that the raw material ratio and mixing of the seedling raising matrix are all completed by manual operation, which is inefficient, has high labor costs, and the accuracy of the ingredients cannot be controlled, which affects the quality and yield benefits of the rice seedlings.

[0038] Embodiment 2:

[0039] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, on the basis of the first embodiment, a partition 17 is further provided in the material adding box 6, and the partition 17 separates the material adding box 6 into a perlite box 13, a vermiculite box 14, an organic fertilizer box 15 and a cow dung box 16. The purpose of setting the partition 17 is to add more than one material, but the amount added is small, and the total weight of all the additives does not exceed 12% of the total weight of the substrate.

[0040] The bottom of the perlite box 13, the vermiculite box 14, the organic fertilizer box 15 and the cow dung box 16 are all provided with outlets, each outlet is connected to an addition pipe 19, each addition pipe 19 is provided with a valve, and the addition box 6 is provided with a transparent layer 18 for observing the remaining amount of different additives corresponding to the perlite box 13, the vermiculite box 14, the organic fertilizer box 15 and the cow dung box 16. Although the amount of additives added is small, the proportions of various additives are not the same, so they are set separately, and the addition amount is controlled by independent addition pipes 19 and valves.

[0041] The valves of each addition pipe 19 are opened one by one for addition. When the valve of the addition pipe 19 of the perlite box 13 is opened, the valves of the addition pipes 19 of the vermiculite box 14, the organic fertilizer box 15 and the cow dung box 16 are closed. The weight loss of the entire addition box 6 and all additives can be measured by the weighing sensor 7, and then the amount of perlite added can be obtained. After the perlite is added, the valve of the addition pipe 19 is closed, and the valve of the addition pipe 19 of the vermiculite box 14 is opened. By analogy, the valves of each addition pipe 19 are opened one by one, so that the weighing sensor 7 can confirm the amount of addition, so as to realize the quantitative and automatic addition of perlite, vermiculite, organic fertilizer, cow dung or other additives.

[0042] Embodiment three:

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, on the basis of Example 2, a discharging mechanism is also provided inside the nutrient soil box 3 and the rice husk charcoal box 4; since the nutrient soil and rice husk charcoal are the main raw materials of the seedling substrate and are added in large quantities, the discharging mechanism can improve the feeding efficiency of the nutrient soil and rice husk charcoal, while also avoiding the agglomeration and clogging problems of the accumulated nutrient soil and rice husk charcoal.

[0044] The discharging mechanism includes a discharging motor 21, which is installed at the bottom of the nutrient soil box 3 and the rice husk charcoal box 4. The output shaft of the discharging motor 21 faces upward and is connected to the support plate 22. A plurality of discharging plates 23 are arranged between the support plate 22 and the box, and a discharging cavity 24 is formed between the plurality of discharging plates 23. The discharging cavity 24 is connected to the discharging port 25 at the bottom of the box. The discharging motor 21 is used to drive the discharging plate 23 to rotate and push the material at the bottom of the box to the discharging port 25. The discharging motor 21 drives the discharging plate 23 to rotate at the bottom of the box, which can loosen the nutrient soil and rice husk charcoal at the bottom on the one hand, and can slide the nutrient soil and rice husk charcoal in the discharging cavity 24 to the discharging port 25 at the bottom on the other hand.

[0045] The top of the support plate 22 is a raised arc or cone structure, and the discharge motor 21 drives the support plate 22 to rotate, thereby driving the material in the center of the box to flow to the edge of the box; the setting of the support plate 22 can play a certain role in guiding materials. Since the discharge port 25 is a ring structure, the support plate 22 flows the nutrient soil and rice husk charcoal to the outside under the action of gravity and enters the discharge cavity 24. A scraper can also be set on the top of the support plate 22 to scrape the material into the discharge cavity 24.

[0046] The discharge plate 23 is a combination of one or more straight plates, inclined plates and curved plates. When it is an inclined plate or a curved plate, the tilting direction and the deflection direction are the same as the rotation direction of the discharge motor 21. Figure 4As shown, the discharge plate 23 deflects in an arc clockwise, and the discharge motor 21 drives it to rotate clockwise, which can squeeze the material in the discharge cavity 24 to the discharge port 25 at the center. In addition, the discharge motor 21 is arranged at the discharge port 25 through a bracket or other structure to avoid being suspended in the air, which is not shown in the figure. The bracket divides the annular discharge port 25 into two or more outlets, which does not affect the normal discharge.

[0047] Embodiment 4:

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, on the basis of embodiment three, it also includes that a mixing box 5 is installed on layer 2 51 on the column 1, a stirring mechanism is arranged in the mixing box 5, and a rotating mechanism is arranged outside the mixing box 5; the stirring mechanism includes a stirring motor 26 installed on layer 1 2, and the output shaft of the stirring motor 26 is connected with a stirring rod 27 and a stirring frame 28 extending into the mixing box 5; the stirring mechanism is fixedly arranged, and mainly drives the stirring rod 27 and the stirring frame 28 at the bottom thereof to rotate and stir the mixing box 5 opened at the top through the stirring motor 26, so as to stir the materials evenly.

[0049] The rotating mechanism includes a hollow shaft 30 eccentrically arranged at the bottom of the mixing box 5, a roller 29 arranged at the bottom of the mixing box 5 and a driving motor 32 installed on the second layer 51, the output shaft of the driving motor 32 is connected with a cam 33, the eccentric part of the cam 33 is rotatably connected with a push rod 34, the push rod 34 is fixedly connected with a limiting sleeve 35, the limiting sleeve 35 is sleeved on the outside of the mixing box 5 and can rotate along the outer wall of the mixing box 5; the eccentric hollow shaft 30 is arranged so that the mixing box 5 can also rotate along the hollow shaft 30. On the one hand, stirring can be achieved by shaking, and on the other hand, the places not stirred by the stirring frame 28 can also be stirred evenly to avoid caking.

[0050] The two methods are coordinated. The stirring motor 26 is started to drive the stirring rod 27 and the stirring frame 28 to rotate. The driving motor 32 then drives the cam 33 to be active. The cam 33 is connected to the push rod 34 in rotation, which can drive the push rod 34 to move left and right. The push rod 34 is fixed to the limit sleeve 35. The limit sleeve 35 drives the mixing box 5 to rotate along the eccentric hollow shaft 30. Multiple rollers 29 roll on the second layer 51. When the limit sleeve 35 pushes the mixing box 5, the mixing box 5 rotates relative to the limit sleeve 35. A ball is set between the two to avoid jamming. Figure 5 As shown, the central axis position remains unchanged, and the mixing box 5 rotates to the leftmost side, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, the position of the central axis remains unchanged, and the mixing box 5 rotates to the far right.

[0051] The eccentric distance of the hollow shaft 30 is not greater than the distance between the stirring frame 28 and the inner wall of the mixing box 5, that is, the distance between the stirring frame 28 and the inner wall of the mixing box 5 when the center lines of the stirring frame 28 and the mixing box 5 coincide. The eccentric distance of the hollow shaft 30 is to prevent the mixing box 5 from rotating too far, causing the stirring frame 28 to hit the inner wall of the mixing box 5. Alternatively, the size of the stirring frame 28 can be reduced and the eccentric distance of the mixing box 5 can be increased. The two need to be set in coordination.

[0052] The bottom of the mixing box 5 is connected to a discharge pipe 31 disposed in the hollow shaft 30, and a valve is disposed on the discharge pipe 31. The discharge pipe 31 is disposed in the hollow shaft 30 to prevent the discharge pipe 31 from moving with the mixing box 5, which would affect the discharge and installation. The valve can control the discharge time to prevent the unmixed material from flowing out during the mixing process.

[0053] Embodiment five:

[0054] On the basis of the fourth embodiment, it also includes that the top of the nutrient soil box 3 and the rice husk charcoal box 4 is provided with a filtering device. Since the nutrient soil is selected from the rice field where rice is planted, it is crushed and pulverized after drying, and the carbonized rice husk refers to the charred material formed by the rice husk being heated to a temperature below its ignition point so that it is not fully burned. There are large impurities and it is easy to harden. If it is used directly, it will affect the quality of the seedling medium, and then affect the effect of seedling cultivation. The filtering device can screen the nutrient soil and rice husk charcoal in advance, avoid clogging the batching device, and ensure the quality of the seedling medium.

[0055] The filtering device includes a filter screen plate 1 38 and a filter screen plate 2 39, which are fixed to the column 1 through a cross bar 37, and a plurality of slide bars 40 that can slide along the cross bar 37 are sleeved on the top of the cross bar 37, and the plurality of slide bars 40 are fixed by a connecting rod 41, and a scraper plate 1 42 and a scraper plate 2 43 are provided on the connecting rod 41 corresponding to the filter screen plate 1 38 and the filter screen plate 2 39; the scraper plate 1 42 and the scraper plate 2 43 reciprocate to scrape the nutrient soil on the filter screen plate 1 and the rice husk charcoal on the filter screen plate 2 39.

[0056] A vertical rod 44 is connected to the eccentric part of the push rod 34 or the cam 33, and the vertical rod 44 is inserted into the chute of the connecting rod 41. By setting the vertical rod 44, the kinetic energy of the driving motor 32 can be transmitted to the connecting rod 41 and the scraper 1 42 and the scraper 2 43. The vertical rod 44 moves forward and backward along the chute during the rotation (revolution) along the output shaft of the driving motor 32, and at the same time drives the scraper 1 42 and the scraper 2 43 to move the screening material left and right. The chute is a strip groove extending one after another.

[0057] The column 1 is provided with a feeding hopper 49 for adding nutrient soil to the filter screen plate 1 38, and a feeding hopper 50 for adding rice husk charcoal to the filter screen plate 2 39; the feeding hopper is provided to facilitate the addition of nutrient soil and rice husk charcoal.

[0058] The side of the filter sieve plate 1 38 is connected to the nutrient soil impurity box 46 through a collecting pipe 1 45, and the side of the filter sieve plate 2 39 is connected to the rice husk charcoal impurity box 48 through a collecting pipe 2 47. The collecting pipes are arranged on the left and right sides of the filter sieve plate, and the scrapers push the large particles of impurities remaining after screening to the collecting pipes, and they fall into the nutrient soil impurity box 46 and the rice husk charcoal impurity box 48 respectively.

[0059] A finished matrix box 36 is provided at the bottom of the mixing box 5 for collecting the finished seedling-raising matrix discharged from the discharge pipe 31 of the mixing box 5 .

[0060] Embodiment six:

[0061] On the basis of the fifth embodiment, the controller 12 is also provided with a timer 52 and an alarm 53, the timer 52 is used to record the discharging time of the nutrient soil box 3, the rice husk charcoal box 4 and the additional material box 6, and the alarm is sounded through the alarm 53 when the material is empty or blocked. When any one of the nutrient soil box 3, the rice husk charcoal box 4 and the additional material box 6 is discharging, the discharging amount can be confirmed by the weighing sensor 7. When a certain period of time has passed and the discharging amount remains unchanged, 5-10s, the time is freely set, it means that the material in the box is used up or blocked, and the staff is reminded by the alarm 53. In addition, the timer 52 and the weighing sensor 7 can record the efficiency of the box discharging, that is, the discharging amount per second or per minute, and then adjust the speed of the discharging motor 21 to increase or decrease the discharging efficiency. When the discharging efficiency is abnormal, it means that agglomeration or failure may occur, and the staff can also be reminded by the alarm 53 to check and maintain.

[0062] A production process of a special substrate for raising rice seedlings in a rice seedling bed comprises the following steps: filtering and screening nutrient soil and carbonized rice husk ash, and then mixing them in a weight ratio of 6:4, wherein the weight components of the carbonized rice husk ash include 70% of rice husk charcoal, 10% of perlite, 10% of vermiculite, 5% of organic fertilizer and 5% of cow dung.

[0063] Rice husk charcoal is a carbonized material formed by heating rice husk, which has the characteristics of light weight, low thermal conductivity, and porous and loose. In agriculture, it can be used to improve soil, increase soil temperature, promote plant growth, and reduce diseases and pests.

[0064] Rice husk charcoal can also be replaced by coconut bran, which is a pure natural organic medium obtained by processing coconut shell fiber. It has good air permeability and water retention and is suitable for plant cultivation.

[0065] Perlite is a porous volcanic glass rock with a strong ability to absorb water. When perlite comes into contact with water, it can significantly increase its weight, and the weight increase can reach 2 to 16 times. The water absorption rate of perlite depends on factors such as its particle size, porosity, and microporous structure. For example, when the perlite particles reach about 2mm, the equilibrium moisture absorption rate can reach 300% of the weight; when the particles reach about 0.5mm, the equilibrium moisture absorption rate can reach 600% of the weight.

[0066] Vermiculite can improve soil structure, increase soil aeration and water retention, and help the growth and development of plant roots.

[0067] The nutrient soil is selected directly from the rice fields where rice is grown. It is crushed, pulverized and sieved after drying. The raw materials are easy to obtain and have almost no cost. Carbonized rice husk ash is an industrial waste residue produced during the combustion or gasification of rice husks. It can be recycled and reused. The rice seedlings cultivated with a seedling medium composed of 60% nutrient soil and 40% carbonized rice husk ash have high chlorophyll content, strong root activity, good seedling quality, fast greening and early tillering after transplanting, which lays the foundation for increasing the number of grains per unit area, thereby significantly increasing rice yield.

[0068] The above are only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rice seedling bed substrate production device, comprising a column (1), on which a layer plate (2) is arranged, characterized in that: The first layer (2) is provided with a nutrient soil box (3), a rice husk charcoal box (4) and an additive box (6), and the bottom of the first layer (2) is provided with a mixing box (5); The nutrient soil box (3), the rice husk charcoal box (4) and the additive box (6) are all connected to the layer plate one (2) via a support (20), and a weighing sensor (7) for detecting weight is arranged on the support (20); a feeding pipe one (8) with an additive valve one (9) is arranged at the bottom of the nutrient soil box (3); a feeding pipe two (10) with an additive valve two (11) is arranged at the bottom of the rice husk charcoal box (4), and an additive pipe (19) with a valve is arranged at the bottom of the additive box (6); The invention also comprises a controller (12), wherein the controller (12) is used to control the first adding valve (9), the second adding valve (11), and the valve of the adding pipe (19) based on the data detected by the weighing sensor (7), and to add a certain amount of nutrient soil, rice husk charcoal and additives into the mixing box (5) for mixing according to a ratio.

2. A rice seedling bed special substrate production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A partition (17) is arranged in the material adding box (6), and the partition (17) divides the material adding box (6) into a perlite box (13), a vermiculite box (14), an organic fertilizer box (15) and a cow dung box (16).

3. The device for producing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings in a rice seedling bed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottoms of the perlite box (13), the vermiculite box (14), the organic fertilizer box (15) and the cow dung box (16) are all provided with outlets, each outlet is connected to an addition pipe (19), each addition pipe (19) is provided with a valve, and the addition box (6) is provided with a transparent layer (18) for observing the remaining amount of different additives at the positions corresponding to the perlite box (13), the vermiculite box (14), the organic fertilizer box (15) and the cow dung box (16).

4. The device for producing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings in a rice seedling bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient soil box (3) and the rice husk charcoal box (4) are both provided with a discharging mechanism; The discharging mechanism comprises a discharging motor (21), the discharging motor (21) is installed at the bottom of the box body of the nutrient soil box (3) and the rice husk charcoal box (4), the output shaft of the discharging motor (21) faces upward and is connected to the support plate (22), a plurality of discharging plates (23) are arranged between the support plate (22) and the box body, a discharging cavity (24) is formed between the plurality of discharging plates (23), the discharging cavity (24) is connected to a discharging port (25) at the bottom of the box body, and the discharging motor (21) is used to drive the discharging plate (23) to rotate to push the material at the bottom of the box body to the discharging port (25).

5. The device for producing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings in a rice seedling bed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the support plate (22) is a raised arc or cone structure, and the discharge motor (21) drives the support plate (22) to rotate, thereby driving the material in the center of the box to flow to the edge of the box; The discharge plate (23) is one or more combinations of a straight plate, an inclined plate and an arc plate. When it is an inclined plate or an arc plate, the tilting direction and the deflection direction are the same as the rotation direction of the discharge motor (21).

6. The device for producing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings in a rice seedling bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing box (5) is mounted on the second layer plate (51) on the column (1), a stirring mechanism is arranged inside the mixing box (5), and a rotating mechanism is arranged outside the mixing box (5); the stirring mechanism comprises a stirring motor (26) mounted on the first layer plate (2), and the output shaft of the stirring motor (26) is connected to a stirring rod (27) and a stirring frame (28) extending into the mixing box (5); The rotating mechanism comprises a hollow shaft (30) eccentrically arranged at the bottom of the mixing box (5), a roller (29) arranged at the bottom of the mixing box (5) and a driving motor (32) mounted on the second layer plate (51); the output shaft of the driving motor (32) is connected to a cam (33); the eccentric part of the cam (33) is rotatably connected to a push rod (34); the push rod (34) is fixedly connected to a limiting sliding sleeve (35); the limiting sliding sleeve (35) is sleeved on the outside of the mixing box (5) and can rotate along the outer wall of the mixing box (5); The eccentric distance of the hollow shaft (30) is not greater than the distance between the stirring frame (28) and the inner wall of the mixing box (5); the bottom of the mixing box (5) is connected to a discharge pipe (31) arranged in the hollow shaft (30); and a valve is arranged on the discharge pipe (31).

7. The device for producing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings in a rice seedling bed according to claim 6, characterized in that: A filtering device is arranged on the top of the nutrient soil box (3) and the rice husk charcoal box (4), and the filtering device comprises a filtering screen plate 1 (38) and a filtering screen plate 2 (39). The filtering screen plate 1 (38) and the filtering screen plate 2 (39) are fixed to the column (1) through a cross bar (37). A plurality of sliding rods (40) capable of sliding along the cross bar (37) are sleeved on the top of the cross bar (37). The plurality of sliding rods (40) are fixed by a connecting rod (41). A scraper plate 1 (42) and a scraper plate 2 (43) are arranged on the connecting rod (41) corresponding to the filtering screen plate 1 (38) and the filtering screen plate 2 (39); The push rod (34) or the cam (33) is connected to an eccentric portion thereof with a vertical rod (44), and the vertical rod (44) is inserted into a slide groove of the connecting rod (41). The vertical rod (44) is used to move forward and backward along the slide groove during the rotation along the output shaft of the driving motor (32), and at the same time drive the scraper plate 1 (42) and the scraper plate 2 (43) to move the screening material left and right.

8. The device for producing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings in a rice seedling bed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The column (1) is provided with a first feeding hopper (49) for adding nutrient soil to the first filter screen plate (38), and a second feeding hopper (50) for adding rice husk charcoal to the second filter screen plate (39); The side of the filter sieve plate 1 (38) is connected to the nutrient soil impurity box (46) through the collecting pipe 1 (45), the side of the filter sieve plate 2 (39) is connected to the rice husk charcoal impurity box (48) through the collecting pipe 2 (47), and a matrix finished product box (36) is arranged at the bottom of the mixing box (5).

9. The device for producing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings in a rice seedling bed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The controller (12) is provided with a timer (52) and an alarm (53). The timer (52) is used to record the discharge time of the nutrient soil box (3), the rice husk charcoal box (4) and the additional material box (6), and to sound an alarm through the alarm (53) when the box is empty or blocked.

10. A process for producing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings in a rice seedling bed, using the special substrate production device for raising rice seedlings in a rice seedling bed according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: filtering and screening nutrient soil and carbonized rice husk ash, and then mixing them in a weight ratio of 6:4, wherein the weight components of the carbonized rice husk ash include 70% of rice husk charcoal, 10% of perlite, 10% of vermiculite, 5% of organic fertilizer and 5% of cow dung.

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