Method for rapidly evaluating utilization rate of genetic engineering pig feed

Abstract

The invention provides a method for rapidly evaluating the utilization rate of genetic engineering pig feed, and relates to the technical field of agricultural breeding. The method comprises the following steps: selecting genetically engineered pigs; feeding management; pig manure and pig urine are collected and treated; detecting daily ration, pig manure, pig urine and gas; and comprehensively processing the detection data. The feed utilization rate of the genetically engineered pigs can be comprehensively evaluated, and the evaluation method is high in accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural breeding, and in particular to a method for rapidly evaluating the utilization rate of genetically engineered pig feed. Background Art

[0002] Feed utilization rate is one of the indicators that reflects the degree of feed utilization and the level of feeding management. Generally speaking, the lower the feed input or the higher the livestock products obtained, the higher the feed utilization rate, the lower the cost of livestock products, and accordingly, the better the economic effect of feeding. Different evaluation methods will lead to different conclusions on feed utilization rate. The evaluation method for feed utilization rate of genetically engineered pigs is still imperfect, so there is an urgent need to provide a method for quickly evaluating feed utilization rate of genetically engineered pigs. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for rapidly evaluating feed utilization of genetically engineered pigs.

[0004] The present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for rapidly evaluating feed utilization of genetically engineered pigs comprises the following steps:

[0006] (1) Selection of genetically engineered pigs;

[0007] (2) Feeding and management;

[0008] (3) Collection and treatment of pig manure and urine;

[0009] (4) Testing of diet, pig manure, pig urine, and gases;

[0010] (5) Comprehensively process the test data as follows:

[0011] S1. The volume of gas discharged in each time period V = time (min) × gas flow rate (L / min):

[0012] Standard volume SV = V × (PP w ) / 1013×273 / (273+T)

[0013] P w =RH / 100×(3.999+0.45547T+0.001708T 2 +0.000469T 3 )

[0014] SV is the standard volume of the discharged gas, 0°C, 1,013hPa; V is the actual volume of the discharged gas; P is the air pressure in the breath calorimeter chamber; P wis the water vapor pressure; T is the temperature in the breath calorimeter chamber; RH is the relative humidity in the breath calorimeter chamber.

[0015] S2. Calculate the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production of the animal according to the following formula:

[0016] VCO 2,production =(C CO2,b -C CO2,a )×SV 呼吸室 +(C CO2,a -C CO2,空气 )×SV 排气

[0017] VO 2,comsuption =(C O2,a -C O2,b )×SV 呼吸室 +(C O2,空气 -C O2,a )×SV 排气

[0018] C CO2,a and C CO2,b is the carbon dioxide concentration at the start and end of breathing, %; C O2,a and C O2,b is the oxygen concentration at the start and end of breathing, %; SV 呼吸室 The net standard volume of the breathing chamber; SV 排气 It is the standard volume of exhaust gas.

[0019] S3, respiratory entropy RQ = CO2 (L / d) / O2 (L / d)

[0020] S4. Calculate the heat production according to the following formula (Brouwer, 1965):

[0021] Heat production (kJ) = 16.1753 × O2 (L) + 5.0208 × CO2 (L) - 2.1673 × CH4 (L) - 5.9873 × N (urine nitrogen, g)

[0022] S5. The formula for calculating digestible energy and metabolizable energy of pig diet is as follows:

[0023] Apparent digestible energy of diet (MJ / kg, dry matter basis) = (gross energy ingested, MJ - gross energy excreted, MJ) / dry matter intake, kg

[0024] Apparent metabolizable energy of diet (MJ / kg, dry matter basis) = (gross energy ingested, MJ-gross energy excreted, MJ-urine energy, MJ-methane energy, MJ) / dry matter intake, kg

[0025] S6. The formula for calculating the net energy of pig diet is as follows:

[0026] NE (MJ / kg, dry matter basis) = (metabolizable energy from food, MJ - total heat production, MJ + fasting heat production, MJ) / dry matter intake, kg

[0027] S7. Net energy deposited (MJ) = metabolizable energy ingested (MJ) - total heat produced (MJ)

[0028] Deposited protein energy (kJ) = (N intake, g-fecal N, g-urine N, g) × 6.25 × 23.86 (kJ / g)

[0029] Deposited fat energy (kJ) = deposited net energy (kJ) - deposited protein energy (kJ)

[0030] S8. The calculation method of apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients in diet and raw materials is as follows:

[0031] Apparent total tract digestibility of dietary nutrients (%) = (amount of nutrients ingested - content of nutrients in feces) / daily food intake.

[0032] Preferably, in step (1), a Meishan healthy boar with an initial body weight of 31.1±3.3 kg is selected.

[0033] Preferably, the feeding management described in step (2) is to pre-feed for 1 to 7 days, feed the pigs with a diet of 2,400 kJ ME / kg BW0.6 / d twice a day at 09:00 and 16:00, and allow free drinking water; on the 8th day, transfer the pigs to an open respiratory calorimeter chamber, and use the first day of entering the respiratory chamber to adapt to the environment of the respiratory chamber; collect feces and urine for 5 days from the 9th day to the 13th day, and measure the oxygen inhaled and carbon dioxide and methane exhaled by the pigs every day to calculate the total heat production of the pigs; the last day is the fasting period, and the oxygen inhaled and carbon dioxide and methane exhaled by the pigs for a total of 8 hours from 31h to 39h are used to calculate the fasting heat production.

[0034] Preferably, in step (3), feces and urine are collected twice a day. During the collection period, the feces samples are placed in corresponding plastic sealed bags and stored in a -20°C refrigerator; all feces samples are weighed, mixed thoroughly, and 20% of the total sample is placed in a 65°C oven for 72 hours of drying, moistened for 24 hours, constant weight, crushed through a 40-mesh sieve, and bagged for later use; urine samples excreted by each test pig for 24 hours every day are accurately collected, and 20 mL of 10% HCl is added to every 1,000 mL of urine during the collection period to make the pH of the urine ≤ 5.5. After the 5-day collection period, the 5-day urine samples are mixed evenly, filtered with gauze, and 10% of the total urine samples are stored in a -20°C refrigerator for later use; and during the fasting period, urine is collected separately every day, the volume is weighed and recorded, 20 mL of 10% dilute hydrochloric acid is added to every 1,000 mL of urine sample for nitrogen fixation, mixed evenly, and 10% of the total volume is sampled and stored in a -20°C refrigerator.

[0035] Preferably, step (4) detects dry matter, crude protein, acid-hydrolyzed fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude ash and gross energy in the diet; detects dry matter, crude protein, acid-hydrolyzed fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude ash and gross energy in pig manure; detects nitrogen and gross energy in urine; detects O2, CO2 and CH4 in the air and gas exchange rate; environmental parameters: indoor temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure and wind speed.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] The invention provides a method for rapidly evaluating feed utilization of genetically engineered pigs. The method can comprehensively evaluate feed utilization of genetically engineered pigs and the evaluation method has high accuracy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] A method for rapidly evaluating feed utilization of genetically engineered pigs comprises the following steps:

[0040] (1) Selection of genetically engineered pigs;

[0041] (2) Feeding and management;

[0042] (3) Collection and treatment of pig manure and urine;

[0043] (4) Testing of diet, pig manure, pig urine, and gases;

[0044] (5) Comprehensively process the test data as follows:

[0045] S1. The volume of gas discharged in each time period V = time (min) × gas flow rate (L / min):

[0046] Standard volume SV = V × (PP w ) / 1013×273 / (273+T)

[0047] P w =RH / 100×(3.999+0.45547T+0.001708T 2 +0.000469T 3 )

[0048] SV is the standard volume of the discharged gas, 0°C, 1,013hPa; V is the actual volume of the discharged gas; P is the air pressure in the breath calorimeter chamber; P w is the water vapor pressure; T is the temperature in the breath calorimeter chamber; RH is the relative humidity in the breath calorimeter chamber.

[0049] S2. Calculate the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production of the animal according to the following formula:

[0050] VCO 2,production =(C CO2,b -C CO2,a )×SV 呼吸室 +(C CO2,a -C CO2,空气 )×SV 排气

[0051] VO 2,comsuption =(C O2,a -C O2,b )×SV 呼吸室 +(C O2,空气 -C O2,a )×SV 排气

[0052] C CO2,a and C CO2,b is the carbon dioxide concentration at the start and end of breathing, %; C O2,a and C O2,b is the oxygen concentration at the start and end of breathing, %; SV 呼吸室 The net standard volume of the breathing chamber; SV 排气 It is the standard volume of exhaust gas.

[0053] S3, respiratory entropy RQ = CO2 (L / d) / O2 (L / d)

[0054] S4. Calculate the heat production according to the following formula (Brouwer, 1965):

[0055] Heat production (kJ) = 16.1753 × O2 (L) + 5.0208 × CO2 (L) - 2.1673 × CH4 (L) - 5.9873 × N (urine nitrogen, g)

[0056] S5. The formula for calculating digestible energy and metabolizable energy of pig diet is as follows:

[0057] Apparent digestible energy of diet (MJ / kg, dry matter basis) = (gross energy ingested, MJ - gross energy excreted, MJ) / dry matter intake, kg

[0058] Apparent metabolizable energy of diet (MJ / kg, dry matter basis) = (gross energy ingested, MJ-gross energy excreted, MJ-urine energy, MJ-methane energy, MJ) / dry matter intake, kg

[0059] S6. The formula for calculating the net energy of pig diet is as follows:

[0060] NE (MJ / kg, dry matter basis) = (metabolizable energy from food, MJ - total heat production, MJ + fasting heat production, MJ) / dry matter intake, kg

[0061] S7. Net energy deposited (MJ) = metabolizable energy ingested (MJ) - total heat produced (MJ)

[0062] Deposited protein energy (kJ) = (N intake, g-fecal N, g-urine N, g) × 6.25 × 23.86 (kJ / g)

[0063] Deposited fat energy (kJ) = deposited net energy (kJ) - deposited protein energy (kJ)

[0064] S8. The calculation method of apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients in diet and raw materials is as follows:

[0065] Apparent total tract digestibility of dietary nutrients (%) = (amount of nutrients ingested - content of nutrients in feces) / daily food intake.

[0066] Wherein, in step (1), a Meishan healthy boar with an initial body weight of 31.1±3.3 kg is selected.

[0067] The feeding management described in step (2) is to pre-feed for 1 to 7 days, feed the pigs with a diet of 2,400 kJ ME / kg BW0.6 / d twice a day at 09:00 and 16:00, and allow free drinking water; on the 8th day, transfer the pigs to an open respiratory calorimeter chamber, and use the first day in the respiratory chamber to adapt to the environment of the respiratory chamber; collect feces and urine for 5 days from the 9th day to the 13th day, and measure the oxygen inhaled and carbon dioxide and methane exhaled by the pigs every day to calculate the total heat production of the pigs; the last day is the fasting period, and the oxygen inhaled and carbon dioxide and methane exhaled by the pigs for 8 hours from 31 hours to 39 hours of fasting are used to calculate the fasting heat production.

[0068] Wherein, step (3) collects feces and urine twice a day, during the collection period, puts the feces samples into corresponding plastic sealed bags and stores them in a -20°C refrigerator; weighs all feces samples, mixes them thoroughly, takes 20% of the total samples and puts them into a 65°C oven for 72 hours of drying, rehumidifies for 24 hours, weighs constant weight, crushes through a 40-mesh sieve, and bags them for later use; accurately collects urine samples excreted by each test pig for 24 hours every day, adds 20 mL of 10% HCl to every 1,000 mL of urine during the collection period, so that the pH of the urine is ≤5.5, after the 5-day collection period, mixes the 5-day urine samples evenly, filters them with gauze, takes 10% of the total urine samples and stores them in a -20°C refrigerator for later use; and during the fasting period, collects urine separately every day, weighs and records the volume, adds 20 mL of 10% dilute hydrochloric acid to every 1,000 mL of urine sample for nitrogen fixation, mixes evenly, and samples 10% of the total volume and stores them in a -20°C refrigerator.

[0069] Among them, step (4) detects dry matter, crude protein, acid-hydrolyzed fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude ash and gross energy in the diet; detects dry matter, crude protein, acid-hydrolyzed fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude ash and gross energy in pig manure; detects nitrogen and gross energy in urine; detects O2, CO2 and CH4 in the air and gas exchange rate; environmental parameters: indoor temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure and wind speed.

[0070] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly evaluating feed utilization of genetically engineered pigs, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Selection of genetically engineered pigs; (2) Feeding and management; (3) Collection and treatment of pig manure and urine; (4) Testing of diet, pig manure, pig urine, and gases; (5) Comprehensively process the test data as follows: S1. The volume of gas discharged in each time period V = time (min) × gas flow rate (L / min): Standard volume SV = V × (PP w ) / 1013×273 / (273+T) P w =RH / 100×(3.999+0.45547T+0.001708T 2 +0.000469T 3 ) SV is the standard volume of the exhausted gas, 0°C, 1,013hPa; V is the actual volume of the exhausted gas; P is the air pressure in the breath calorimetry chamber; P w is the water vapor pressure; T is the temperature in the breath calorimeter chamber; RH is the relative humidity in the breath calorimeter chamber. S2. Calculate the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production of the animal according to the following formula: VCO 2,production =(C CO2,b -C CO2,a )×SV 呼吸室 +(C CO2,a -C CO2,空气 )×SV 排气 VO 2,comsuption =(C O2,a -C O2,b )×SV 呼吸室 +(C O2,空气 -C O2,a )×SV 排气 C CO2,a and C CO2,b is the carbon dioxide concentration at the start and end of breathing, %; C O2,a and C O2,b is the oxygen concentration at the start and end of breathing, %; SV 呼吸室 SV is the net standard volume of the breathing chamber; 排气 It is the standard volume of exhaust gas. S3, respiratory entropy RQ = CO2 (L / d) / O2 (L / d) S4. Calculate the heat production according to the following formula (Brouwer, 1965): Heat production (kJ) = 16.1753 × O2 (L) + 5.0208 × CO2 (L) - 2.1673 × CH4 (L) - 5.9873 × N (urine nitrogen, g) S5. The formula for calculating digestible energy and metabolizable energy of pig diet is as follows: Apparent digestible energy of diet (MJ / kg, dry matter basis) = (gross energy ingested, MJ - gross energy excreted, MJ) / dry matter intake, kg Apparent metabolizable energy of diet (MJ / kg, dry matter basis) = (gross energy ingested, MJ-gross energy excreted, MJ-urine energy, MJ-methane energy, MJ) / dry matter intake, kg S6. The formula for calculating the net energy of pig diet is as follows: NE (MJ / kg, dry matter basis) = (metabolizable energy from food, MJ - total heat production, MJ + fasting heat production, MJ) / dry matter intake, kg S7. Net energy deposited (MJ) = metabolizable energy ingested (MJ) - total heat produced (MJ) Deposited protein energy (kJ) = (N intake, g-fecal N, g-urine N, g) × 6.25 × 23.86 (kJ / g) Deposited fat energy (kJ) = Deposited net energy (kJ) - Deposited protein energy (kJ) S8. The calculation method of apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients in diet and raw materials is as follows: Apparent total tract digestibility of dietary nutrients (%) = (amount of nutrients ingested - content of nutrients in feces) / daily food intake.

2. The method for rapidly evaluating feed utilization of genetically engineered pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (1) Select Meishan healthy boars with an initial body weight of 31.1±3.3 kg.

3. The method for rapidly evaluating feed utilization of genetically engineered pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding management described in step (2) is to pre-feed for 1 to 7 days, feed the diet at 2,400 kJ ME / kg BW0.6 / d twice a day at 09:00 and 16:00, and allow free drinking water; on the 8th day, the pigs are transferred to an open respiration calorimetry chamber, and the first day in the respiration chamber is used to adapt to the environment of the respiration chamber; Feces and urine were collected for a total of 5 days from the 9th to the 13th day, and the oxygen inhaled and carbon dioxide and methane exhaled by the pigs were measured every day to calculate the total heat production of the pigs; the last day was the fasting period, and the fasting heat production was calculated using the oxygen inhaled and carbon dioxide and methane exhaled continuously for 8 hours from 31h to 39h.

4. The method for rapidly evaluating feed utilization of genetically engineered pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (3) collecting feces and urine twice a day, during the collection period, placing the feces samples in corresponding plastic sealed bags and storing them in a -20°C refrigerator; weighing all feces samples, mixing them thoroughly, taking 20% ​​of the total samples and placing them in a 65°C oven for 72 hours of drying, rehydrating for 24 hours, constant weight, crushing through a 40-mesh sieve, and bagging for later use; accurately collecting urine samples excreted by each test pig for 24 hours every day, adding 20 mL of 10% HCl to every 1,000 mL of urine during the collection period to make the pH of the urine ≤ 5.5, after the 5-day collection period, mixing the 5-day urine samples evenly, filtering them with gauze, taking 10% of the total urine samples and storing them in a -20°C refrigerator for later use; and collecting urine separately every day during the fasting period, weighing and recording the volume, adding 20 mL of 10% dilute hydrochloric acid to every 1,000 mL of urine sample for nitrogen fixation, mixing evenly, and sampling 10% of the total volume and storing them in a -20°C refrigerator.

5. The method for rapidly evaluating feed utilization of genetically engineered pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (4) detecting dry matter, crude protein, acid-hydrolyzed fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude ash and gross energy in the diet; detecting dry matter, crude protein, acid-hydrolyzed fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude ash and gross energy in pig manure; detecting nitrogen and gross energy in urine; detecting O2, CO2 and CH4 in the air and gas exchange rate; environmental parameters: indoor temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure and wind speed.