Solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device. Belongs to the technical field of lithium battery crushing. According to the technical key points, the crusher comprises a machine box, a feeding hopper is arranged on the machine box, a crushing assembly is arranged in the machine box below the discharging end of the feeding hopper, and a spraying assembly for spraying water to the crushing assembly is arranged in the machine box; a collecting hopper is arranged below the crushing assembly, and the discharging end of the bottom of the collecting hopper is connected with a material guiding pipe. A centrifugal roller assembly is obliquely arranged in the case at the discharge end of the guide pipe, and an elastic discharge assembly is arranged at the discharge end of the centrifugal roller assembly; a discharging assembly used for guiding out solid materials is arranged below the centrifugal roller assembly. A liquid collecting tank is arranged at the bottom in the case, and a water pumping pipe connected with external recovery equipment is arranged in the liquid collecting tank; the invention aims to provide the solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device which is compact in structure and adopts centrifugal separation; the device is used for crushing and recycling lithium batteries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a lithium battery crushing and recycling device, and more specifically, to a solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device. Background Art

[0002] Lithium batteries are a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. With the widespread use of lithium batteries, the resource utilization of waste lithium batteries has also become a research hotspot in recent years. Most of the resources of waste lithium batteries can still be collected, recycled and reused, and some substances that are harmful to the environment, such as electrolytes, will cause environmental pollution if they are directly discharged.

[0003] In the technology of lithium battery recycling, crushing of waste lithium batteries is a basic and important step. During the crushing process, in order to reduce the volatilization of electrolyte to produce harmful gases and avoid the combustion of lithium batteries during the crushing process, a spray nozzle is usually set next to the crushing device for spraying during the crushing process. After crushing, the electrolyte and solid materials need to be separated. In the existing recycling technology, a filter screen and a vibration component are usually used to shake off the liquid attached to the surface of the solid material for separation. This method is difficult to completely screen and collect the liquid attached to the surface of the solid material, and the overall crushing efficiency is low and the time consumed is long. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device with compact structure and centrifugal separation to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: a solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device comprises a chassis, a feed hopper is provided on the chassis, a crushing assembly is provided in the chassis below the discharge end of the feed hopper, and a spray assembly is provided in the chassis for spraying water toward the crushing assembly.

[0006] A collecting hopper is provided below the crushing assembly, and a material guide pipe is connected to the discharge end at the bottom of the collecting hopper; a centrifugal drum assembly is obliquely arranged in the chassis at the discharge end of the material guide pipe, and an elastic discharge assembly is provided at the discharge end of the centrifugal drum assembly; a discharge assembly for discharging solid materials is provided below the centrifugal drum assembly; a liquid collecting tank is provided at the bottom of the chassis, and a water pumping pipe connected to an external recovery device is provided in the liquid collecting tank.

[0007] In the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device, the crushing assembly includes a crushing roller group arranged in a chassis, and the crushing roller group includes two crushing rollers rotating relatively, and temporary storage grooves are provided on both sides of the crushing roller group.

[0008] The temporary storage tank comprises a temporary storage part located on the upper part of the crushing roller, an arc portion adapted to the crushing roller is arranged at the lower end of the temporary storage part, and the distance between the arc portion and the crushing roller is 1-2 cm; a plurality of extrusion sieve holes are evenly distributed on the arc portion.

[0009] In the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device, the extrusion screen holes are all arranged vertically, and the extrusion screen holes include a vertical extrusion section located on the inner side of the temporary storage tank, and a discharge section with a trumpet shape is formed at the lower end of the vertical extrusion section, and the angle α of the two sides of the cross section of the discharge section is 110-140°.

[0010] In the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device, the centrifugal drum assembly is arranged on a mounting bracket inside the chassis, an annular frame is connected to the mounting bracket through a bearing, and a driving gear ring that cooperates with the rotating drive device is provided on the middle outer wall of the annular frame.

[0011] A filter cartridge is arranged in the annular frame, and the filter cartridge and the annular frame are connected by a first spring; the diameter of the filter cartridge is larger than the diameter of the material guide pipe, and the discharge end of the material guide pipe is located inside the feed end of the filter cartridge, and a leak-proof flange with a diameter larger than the diameter of the filter cartridge is arranged at the proximal end of the discharge end of the material guide pipe, and an arc-shaped waterproof cover is arranged above the annular frame.

[0012] In the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device, a plurality of first hanging ears are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the inner walls at both ends of the annular frame, and second hanging ears corresponding to the first hanging ears are provided on the outer wall of the filter cartridge.

[0013] C-shaped blocks that match the first hanging ear and the second hanging ear are provided at both ends of the first spring, and the openings of the C-shaped blocks at both ends are arranged oppositely; when the filter cartridge is hung in the annular frame, the C-shaped block that matches the first hanging ear is located at the inclined upper end, and the C-shaped block that matches the second hanging ear is located at the inclined lower end.

[0014] In the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device, a first crossbeam is provided in the chassis, and both ends of the collecting hopper are installed on the first crossbeam through a second spring; a plurality of hemispherical impact blocks are evenly distributed along the circumference on the outer wall of the discharge end of the guide pipe.

[0015] In the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device, the elastic discharging assembly includes a baffle door plate hinged at the discharging end of the centrifugal drum assembly, a second cross beam is provided in the chassis on one side of the lower end of the baffle door plate, and a third spring is provided on the second cross beam to cooperate with the lower end of the baffle door plate.

[0016] In the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device, the discharge assembly includes a discharge port arranged at the proximal end of the lower end of the chassis, a secondary filter screen is obliquely arranged in the chassis passing through the discharge port, and a fourth spring connected to the chassis is provided below both ends of the secondary filter screen.

[0017] After the present invention adopts the above structure, the waste battery materials crushed by the crushing assembly are collected by the collecting hopper and transported to the centrifugal drum assembly through the guide pipe for centrifugal dehydration. The liquid attached to the surface of the solid material can be effectively separated by centrifugal action, the overall dehydration efficiency is high, and the time consumption is short.

[0018] An elastic discharge component is provided at the discharge end of the centrifugal drum assembly. When a certain amount of solid material is reached, the elastic discharge component will be pushed open for discharge, which can prevent the solid material from entering the centrifugal drum assembly and being discharged directly from the discharge end, thereby ensuring that the solid material can be fully centrifugally dehydrated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments in the accompanying drawings, but this does not constitute any limitation to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the temporary storage tank of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of A of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the centrifugal drum assembly of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the centrifugal drum assembly of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of location B of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1, chassis; 2, feed hopper; 3, crushing assembly; 3a, crushing roller group; 3b, temporary storage tank; 3c, temporary storage part; 3d, arc part; 4, spray assembly; 5, collecting hopper; 6, guide pipe; 7, centrifugal drum assembly; 7a, mounting bracket; 7b, bearing; 7c, ring frame; 7d, driving gear ring; 7e, filter cartridge; 7f, first spring; 7g, leak-proof flange; 7h, arc waterproof cover; 8, Elastic discharging assembly; 8a, material blocking door plate; 8b, second cross beam; 8c, third spring; 9, discharging assembly; 9a, discharging port; 9b, secondary filter screen; 9c, fourth spring; 10, liquid collecting tank; 11, water suction pipe; 12, extrusion sieve hole; 12a, vertical extrusion section; 12b, discharging section; 13, first hanging ear; 14, second hanging ear; 15, C-shaped block; 16, first cross beam; 17, second spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] See also Figure 1-8 As shown, a solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device of the present invention comprises a chassis 1, a feed hopper 2 is provided on the chassis 1, a crushing assembly 3 is provided in the chassis below the discharge end of the feed hopper 2, and a spray assembly 4 for spraying water toward the crushing assembly 3 is provided in the chassis 1. The spray assembly comprises a water pipe connected to an external water source and a plurality of spray nozzles, and its specific structure and connection method are common knowledge of those skilled in the art, and will not be described here in detail. The spray nozzles are used to continuously spray water on the crushing assembly to prevent partially discharged batteries from burning during crushing.

[0030] A collecting hopper 5 is provided below the crushing assembly 3, and a guide pipe 6 is connected to the bottom discharge end of the collecting hopper 5; a centrifugal drum assembly 7 is obliquely provided in the case 1 at the discharge end of the guide pipe 6, and an elastic discharge assembly 8 is provided at the discharge end of the centrifugal drum assembly 7; a discharge assembly 9 for discharging solid materials is provided below the centrifugal drum assembly 7; a liquid collecting tank 10 is provided at the bottom of the case 1, and a water pumping pipe 11 connected to an external recycling device is provided in the liquid collecting tank 10. The waste battery materials crushed by the crushing assembly are collected by the collecting hopper and transported to the centrifugal drum assembly through the guide pipe for centrifugal dehydration, and the liquid attached to the surface of the solid material is separated by centrifugal action. An elastic discharge assembly is provided at the discharge end of the centrifugal drum assembly, and the elastic discharge assembly will be pushed open for discharge only when a certain amount of solid material is reached, which can prevent the solid material from being directly discharged from the discharge end after entering the centrifugal drum assembly, and ensure that the solid material can be fully centrifugally dehydrated.

[0031] The angle between the center axis of the drum and the horizontal plane of the centrifugal drum assembly is 30-40°. During the experiment, it was found that when the angle is too small, the material in the drum moves downward slowly, which is easy to accumulate in the drum, affecting the overall efficiency. When the angle is too large, the material in the drum moves downward too quickly, and the liquid on the surface of the material reaches the discharge end before it is completely separated, resulting in poor dehydration effect. Through multiple experiments, it is concluded that when the angle between the center axis of the drum and the horizontal plane is 30-40°, it can ensure that the material is fully centrifuged and dehydrated without excessive accumulation of material.

[0032] In this embodiment, preferably, the crushing assembly 3 includes a crushing roller group 3a disposed in the chassis 1, the crushing roller group 3a includes two crushing rollers that rotate relative to each other, and temporary storage grooves 3b are provided on both sides of the crushing roller group 3a. The temporary storage grooves are provided to prevent excessive waste batteries from being added during feeding, which may cause the waste batteries to fall directly after being crushed, and the upper ends of both sides of the temporary storage grooves are tilted or bent inwardly to prevent the waste batteries from being pushed out of the temporary storage grooves from both sides.

[0033] The temporary storage tank 3b includes a temporary storage portion 3c located on the upper part of the crushing roller, and an arc portion 3d adapted to the crushing roller is provided at the lower end of the temporary storage portion 3c, and the distance between the arc portion 3d and the crushing roller is 1-2 cm; a plurality of extrusion sieve holes 12 are evenly distributed on the arc portion 3d. After the waste batteries fall into the arc portion, they are squeezed by the crushing roller and enter the extrusion sieve holes for auxiliary crushing, thereby improving the crushing efficiency of the waste batteries.

[0034] Further preferably, the extrusion sieve holes 12 are all arranged vertically, and the extrusion sieve holes 12 include a vertical extrusion section 12a located inside the temporary storage tank 3b, and a discharge section 12b with a bell-shaped mouth is formed at the lower end of the vertical extrusion section 12a, and the angle α of the two sides of the cross section of the discharge section 12b is 110-140°. When the angle of the two sides of the cross section of the discharge section is small, the solid material with water on the surface is easy to stick to the inner wall of the discharge section after extrusion, and when the angle α is 110-140°, the material can fall more easily after passing through the vertical extrusion section to avoid clogging the extrusion sieve holes.

[0035] In this embodiment, the centrifugal drum assembly 7 is arranged on a mounting bracket 7a in the chassis 1, and an annular frame 7c is connected to the mounting bracket 7a through a bearing 7b, and a driving ring gear 7d matching with a rotary drive device is arranged on the outer wall of the middle part of the annular frame 7c. The rotary drive device includes a gear matching with the driving ring gear, a driving motor and a transmission shaft, etc., and its specific structure and connection method are common knowledge of those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0036] A filter cartridge 7e is provided in the annular frame 7c, and the filter cartridge 7e is connected to the annular frame 7c via a first spring 7f; the diameter of the filter cartridge 7e is greater than the diameter of the guide tube 6, and the discharge end of the guide tube 6 is located inside the feed end of the filter cartridge 7e, and a leak-proof flange 7g having a diameter greater than the diameter of the filter cartridge 7e is provided near the discharge end of the guide tube 6, and an arc-shaped waterproof cover 7h is provided above the annular frame 7c. The filter cartridge is connected to the annular frame via the first spring, and when the filter cartridge rotates with the annular frame, the filter cartridge will shake, which can vibrate the material in the filter cartridge, thereby improving the dehydration efficiency and preventing solid materials from sticking to the inner wall of the filter cartridge or in the filter through hole of the filter cartridge.

[0037] By providing an arc-shaped waterproof cover, the liquid thrown out from the top of the filter cartridge is prevented from being thrown onto the inner wall of the chassis and the crushing component above under the action of centrifugation. At the same time, the liquid can be guided to both sides to fall into the liquid collection tank below, reducing the possibility of the liquid contacting the solid material again and improving the liquid collection efficiency.

[0038] Preferably, a plurality of first hanging ears 13 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the inner walls at both ends of the annular frame 7c, and second hanging ears 14 corresponding to the first hanging ears 13 are provided on the outer wall of the filter cartridge 7e.

[0039] C-shaped blocks 15 are provided at both ends of the first spring 7f, respectively matching the first hanging ear 13 and the second hanging ear 14, and the openings of the C-shaped blocks 15 at both ends are arranged oppositely; when the filter cartridge 7e is hung in the annular frame 7c, the C-shaped block 15 matching the first hanging ear 13 is located at the inclined upper end, and the C-shaped block 15 matching the second hanging ear 14 is located at the inclined lower end. When in use, the two C-shaped blocks can cling to the outer wall of the corresponding hanging ear under the action of gravity to hang the filter cartridge. When disassembly is required, the filter cartridge can be removed by simply pushing it toward the inclined upper end, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly of the filter cartridge.

[0040] Further preferably, the chassis 1 is provided with a first crossbeam 16, and the two ends of the collecting hopper 5 are mounted on the first crossbeam 16 through a second spring 17; a plurality of hemispherical impact blocks are evenly distributed along the circumference of the outer wall of the discharge end of the guide pipe 6. With this structure, when the crushed solid material falls into the collecting hopper, it will cause the collecting hopper to vibrate, causing the impact blocks to hit the filter cartridge, further enhancing the vibration of the filter cartridge.

[0041] In this embodiment, the elastic discharge assembly 8 includes a material blocking door plate 8a hinged at the discharge end of the centrifugal drum assembly 7, a second crossbeam 8b is provided in the chassis 1 on one side of the lower end of the material blocking door plate 8a, and a third spring 8c is provided on the second crossbeam 8b to cooperate with the lower end of the material blocking door plate 8a. In this embodiment, the material blocking door plate is hinged on the mounting bracket, and is tightly attached to the mounting bracket and the surface of the discharge end of the filter cartridge under the action of the third spring. When the solid material in the centrifugal drum assembly reaches a certain amount, the lower end of the material blocking door plate is pushed open for discharge, and after a certain amount of solid material is discharged, the material blocking door plate is reset and closed under the action of the third spring, ensuring that the solid material can be fully centrifugally dehydrated without affecting the discharge of the filter cartridge.

[0042] In this embodiment, the discharge assembly 9 includes a discharge port 9a disposed at the proximal end of the lower end of the chassis 1, a secondary filter screen 9b passing through the discharge port 9a is obliquely disposed in the chassis 1, and a fourth spring 9c connected to the chassis 1 is disposed below both ends of the secondary filter screen 9b. The solid material after centrifugal dehydration falls on the secondary filter screen and vibrates through the fourth spring, and the solid material is discharged and collected outside the chassis while vibrating, further ensuring that the liquid contaminated on the surface of the solid material is separated.

[0043] During operation, the waste batteries to be crushed are fed into the temporary storage tank and crushing roller group through the feed hopper for crushing. The crushed solid materials and liquids are collected by the collecting hopper and transported to the filter cartridge through the guide pipe. The filter cartridge rotates with the annular frame for centrifugal dehydration, and the liquid attached to the surface of the solid materials is separated by centrifugal action. After a period of centrifugal separation, the solid materials push the material blocking door plate and fall on the secondary filter net to be output and collected outside the chassis. The liquid is discharged from the through hole on the filter cartridge to the liquid collection tank below, and then it is extracted to the outside through the liquid extraction pipe for recycling.

[0044] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention and are only used to facilitate the description of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Any person with ordinary knowledge in the relevant technical field, if they do not depart from the scope of the technical features of the present invention, can make equivalent embodiments by partial changes or modifications to the technical contents disclosed in the present invention, and they still fall within the scope of the technical features of the present invention without departing from the technical features of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device, comprising a chassis (1), characterized in that: The machine case (1) is provided with a feed hopper (2), a crushing assembly (3) is provided in the machine case below the discharge end of the feed hopper (2), and a spray assembly (4) for spraying water toward the crushing assembly (3) is provided in the machine case (1); A collecting hopper (5) is provided below the crushing assembly (3), and a material guide pipe (6) is connected to the bottom discharge end of the collecting hopper (5); a centrifugal drum assembly (7) is obliquely arranged in the casing (1) at the discharge end of the material guide pipe (6), and an elastic discharge assembly (8) is provided at the discharge end of the centrifugal drum assembly (7); a discharge assembly (9) for discharging solid materials is provided below the centrifugal drum assembly (7); a liquid collecting tank (10) is provided at the bottom of the casing (1), and a water pumping pipe (11) connected to an external recovery device is provided in the liquid collecting tank (10).

2. A solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing assembly (3) comprises a crushing roller group (3a) arranged in the chassis (1), the crushing roller group (3a) comprises two crushing rollers that rotate relative to each other, and temporary storage grooves (3b) are arranged on both sides of the crushing roller group (3a); The temporary storage tank (3b) comprises a temporary storage portion (3c) located on the upper part of the crushing roller, an arc portion (3d) adapted to the crushing roller is provided at the lower end of the temporary storage portion (3c), the distance between the arc portion (3d) and the crushing roller is 1-2 cm; and a plurality of extrusion sieve holes (12) are evenly distributed on the arc portion (3d).

3. A solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The extrusion sieve holes (12) are all arranged vertically, and the extrusion sieve holes (12) include a vertical extrusion section (12a) located inside the temporary storage tank (3b), and a discharge section (12b) in the form of a bell mouth is formed at the lower end of the vertical extrusion section (12a), and the angle α of the two sides of the cross section of the discharge section (12b) is 110-140°.

4. The solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centrifugal drum assembly (7) is arranged on a mounting bracket (7a) in the chassis (1); an annular frame (7c) is connected to the mounting bracket (7a) via a bearing (7b); and a driving gear ring (7d) cooperating with a rotary drive device is arranged on the outer wall of the middle part of the annular frame (7c); A filter cartridge (7e) is arranged inside the annular frame (7c), and the filter cartridge (7e) and the annular frame (7c) are connected via a first spring (7f); the diameter of the filter cartridge (7e) is greater than the diameter of the material guide pipe (6), and the discharge end of the material guide pipe (6) is located inside the feed end of the filter cartridge (7e); a leak-proof flange (7g) having a diameter greater than the diameter of the filter cartridge (7e) is arranged near the discharge end of the material guide pipe (6); and an arc-shaped waterproof cover (7h) is arranged above the annular frame (7c).

5. A solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of first hanging ears (13) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the inner walls at both ends of the annular frame (7c), and second hanging ears (14) corresponding to the first hanging ears (13) are provided on the outer wall of the filter cartridge (7e); C-shaped clamping blocks (15) respectively matched with the first hanging ear (13) and the second hanging ear (14) are provided at both ends of the first spring (7f), and the openings of the C-shaped clamping blocks (15) at the two ends are arranged oppositely; when the filter cartridge (7e) is hung in the annular frame (7c), the C-shaped clamping block (15) matched with the first hanging ear (13) is located at the inclined upper end, and the C-shaped clamping block (15) matched with the second hanging ear (14) is located at the inclined lower end.

6. The solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first cross beam (16) is provided in the chassis (1), and both ends of the collecting hopper (5) are mounted on the first cross beam (16) via a second spring (17); a plurality of hemispherical impact blocks are evenly distributed along the circumference on the outer wall of the discharge end of the material guide pipe (6).

7. The solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic discharge assembly (8) comprises a material blocking door plate (8a) hinged at the discharge end of the centrifugal drum assembly (7), a second crossbeam (8b) is arranged in the machine box (1) on one side of the lower end of the material blocking door plate (8a), and a third spring (8c) cooperating with the lower end of the material blocking door plate (8a) is arranged on the second crossbeam (8b).

8. The solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge assembly (9) comprises a discharge port (9a) arranged near the lower end of the chassis (1), a secondary filter screen (9b) obliquely arranged in the chassis (1) and passing through the discharge port (9a), and a fourth spring (9c) connected to the chassis (1) is arranged below both ends of the secondary filter screen (9b).

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