Natural veneer preparation process

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation process of a natural veneer. The preparation process sequentially comprises the steps of log curing and spraying, cutting, softener preparation, softener permeation, cooking, peeling, wood core finding, self-cutting and slicing after rotary cutting / pattern finding, and drying. The log comprises African white phoenix tree, natural oak, Russian basswood, natural black walnut or natural camphorwood; the natural penetration method is adopted, softening treatment is conducted, and the obtained natural veneer has the advantages of being attractive, high in use value, environmentally friendly and low in back fissure degree and surface roughness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a natural veneer preparation process and belongs to the technical field. Background Art

[0002] As the pace of social and economic development accelerates, people's living standards have been greatly improved, making people's pursuit of beauty stronger. Precious wood has natural color, texture and environmental performance, making it a popular decorative material. 2014 is the first year of the ninth national forest resources survey. Seven provinces and cities across the country have completed the forest resources inventory. The results show that the seven provinces and cities are generally in a good state of increasing forest resource area and stock volume, and improving forest quality and structure. However, my country's forest coverage rate is far below the global average, and the per capita forest area is only 26% of the world level, and the per capita forest stock volume is only 15.43% of the world per capita level. The situation of insufficient total forest resources, low quality and uneven distribution urgently needs to be substantially improved.

[0003] Wood has many excellent properties. It is easy to process and manufacture, has a strong ability to absorb ultraviolet rays, has good thermal insulation properties, and can make people feel warm. It plays a certain role in regulating indoor temperature and humidity; it has a certain elasticity; and it has a variety of textures and tones.

[0004] The growing market demand has led to a sharp drop in the exploitable amount of forest resources and a clear imbalance between supply and demand of timber. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a preparation process of natural veneer.

[0006] The invention provides a preparation process of natural veneer, comprising the following steps: spraying log health, cutting to a ruler, preparing a softener, infiltrating the softener, steaming, peeling, finding the wood core, peeling / finding the pattern and then cutting by self-cutting, and drying; wherein the peeling / finding the pattern and then cutting by self-cutting comprises peeling the peeled log according to different raw materials, or cutting a veneer on a slicer, and the veneer pattern after cutting is wenge, etc.; The logs include African white sycamore, natural oak, Russian basswood, natural black walnut or natural camphor wood.

[0007] As a preferred method, as a preferred method, step (i) log health spraying Use tap water and a spray device in the spray area to evenly spray water mist on all parts of the body to keep the moisture content of the logs above 40%; Step 2: Cut the ruler Positioning logs: Place the log on the platform of the shearing equipment, ensure that the log is stable and will not slide, cut the log in the length direction, mark the length line of the log according to the product order, adjust the position of the log to align it with the cutting line of the equipment, gradually adjust the cutting speed and cutting depth, sort the cut logs, and remove the wood chips and waste generated during the cutting process; Step (3) Preparation of softener Water, ammonium carbonate, sulfonated succinate and sodium lignin sulfonate are prepared in a certain proportion as a softening liquid to soften the wood, and are added into water in sequence to make them fully dissolved to prepare a softening liquid; Step 4: Softener penetration The wood to be softened is sealed in a heatable softening tank, and a vacuum is drawn to allow the softening liquid to penetrate into the wood. At this time, the softening liquid is pressurized and then depressurized until the softening liquid completely penetrates into the wood. Step 5: Steaming Weigh the absolutely dry logs according to the moisture content of the wood, take distilled water, NaOH solution and Na2S solution according to the liquid ratio, alkali amount and sulfide amount, put them in a conical flask and mix them evenly to make the cooking liquid, put the logs into the cooking tank, slowly add the cooking liquid, set the cooking program (heating time, heat preservation time, cooking temperature) and start it, when the actual temperature of the cooking tank is reached, restart the cooking program; when the actual temperature of the cooking tank is reached, record the cooking time and temperature at intervals, and stop the heating program after the cooking is completed; Step 6: Peeling After steaming, the logs are in a wet state, and the softened bark is peeled off from the wood surface using a peeling machine; Step 7: Find the heart of the tree Cut the logs crosswise, observe the color changes of the cross section, and place them in a special device for finding the wood core to find and mark the wood core; Step 8: Peeling / Self-cutting after finding the pattern According to step (VII), the heartwood is found and the peeled log is peeled to improve the utilization rate of log peeling; or the log with excellent pattern is manually selected for positioning, and the pattern direction is input into the intelligent system to automatically identify the pattern direction and slice the veneer on the slicer, and the veneer color after sliced ​​is wenge, etc.; Step 9: Drying The obtained veneer is dried in a drying machine at 150° C.-300° C. for 1 minute to obtain natural veneer.

[0008] As a preferred method, step (i) log health spraying Choose tap water and use a spray device to spray the area, allowing the nozzle to evenly spray water mist on all parts of the body.

[0009] As a preferred method, step (ii) cutting the ruler Positioning logs: Place the log on the platform of the shearing equipment, make sure the log is stable and will not slide, cut the log in the length direction, mark the length line of the log according to the product order, adjust the position of the log to align it with the cutting line of the equipment, gradually adjust the cutting speed 1-3m / min and the cutting depth 4-6mm, sort the cut logs, and remove the wood chips and waste generated during the cutting process.

[0010] Preferably, step (iii) preparation of a softener Water, ammonium carbonate, sulfosuccinate and sodium lignin sulfonate are prepared as a softening liquid according to 5:3:2:1-8:5:3:2 to soften the wood, and are added into water in sequence to fully dissolve them to prepare a softening liquid.

[0011] As a preferred step, the softener is infiltrated into The wood to be softened is sealed in a heatable softening treatment tank, and the softening liquid is gradually infiltrated into the wood by natural penetration. Maintain the softening liquid for 24-30 hours until the softening liquid completely penetrates into the wood.

[0012] As a preferred method, step (v) steaming According to the moisture content of the wood, weigh 100-200g of absolutely dry logs. According to the liquid ratio of 5:1-8:3, the amount of alkali is 100-150mL, and the degree of sulfidation is 20-30%, measure 800-1000mL of distilled water and 30-40% NaOH solution and 30-40g / L Na2S solution, put them in a conical flask and mix them evenly to make the cooking liquid. Put the logs into the cooking tank, slowly add the cooking liquid, set the cooking program (heating time 20-30min, insulation time 3-4h, cooking temperature 50-90℃ and start. When the actual temperature of the cooking tank reaches 50-60℃, restart the cooking program. During the cooking process, always observe the temperature gauge of the cooking tank, record the cooking time and temperature every 10-15 minutes, and stop the heating program after the cooking is completed.

[0013] The invention has the advantage that during the heating process, the softening agent ammonium carbonate will decompose into ammonia, carbon dioxide and water, wherein a part of the N atoms in the ammonia will combine with the active groups in the wood to cause the wood to expand, and the other part will form high-pressure steam inside the wood together with the carbon dioxide and water to cause the wood to expand. Because the aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate is alkaline and easily soluble in water, it can dissolve part of lignin and hemicellulose, etc., and thus can increase the softening effect.

[0014] The advantage of adopting the present invention is that the main components of wood are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which is an elastic-plastic body. Each component of the wood has a glass transition temperature. If a certain amount of moisture and temperature are given to the wood, a glass transition process can occur and its mechanical properties will change rapidly.

[0015] By adopting the present invention, proper softening treatment before planing can increase the plasticity and moisture content of the wood, reduce the cutting resistance during planing, reduce the appearance of cracks on the back of the wood, make it suitable for planing, and remove part of the extracts in the wood, such as grease, tannin, etc. The wood is put into a cooking tank for cooking to achieve the purpose of softening treatment, so that the surface of the prepared planed veneer is smooth, tough, and not prone to cracks, thereby improving the yield of the wood.

[0016] As a preference, step (six) peeling After steaming, the logs are in a wet state, and the softened bark is peeled off from the wood surface using a peeling machine; Step 9: Drying The obtained veneer is dried at 150°C-300°C for 1 minute to obtain natural veneer.

[0017] As a preferred method, step (VII) finds the wood core Cut the logs cross-sectionally, observe the color changes on the cross-section, and place them in a special hearth-finding device to locate and mark the hearth.

[0018] As a preferred method, step (eight) rotary cutting / self-cutting after finding the pattern The peeled logs are peeled or sliced ​​into veneer on a slicer, with a slice thickness of 2-4mm, a tool wedge angle β=18-22°, a back angle α=1-3°, a blade inclination angle ω=19-23°, a sharp blade, a slice direction of longitudinal diameter / tangential plane slice, a slice speed of 5-10m / min, a double-sided pressure ruler, a compression amount of 8-10%, and the veneer color after sliced ​​is wenge.

[0019] The advantage of adopting the present invention is that heating the wood can soften it. The wood cutting layer is heated by friction during planing. The wood cutting layer that is instantaneously heated will produce instantaneous steam pressure. The hot steam penetrates into the interior of the wood, aggravating the self-softening of the wood and increasing its flexibility. Heating the wood can increase the plasticity of the wood, soften the material, make it easier to cut, reduce the cutting force, reduce the degree of back cracks during planing, and reduce the consumption of cutting power.

[0020] The advantage of adopting the present invention is that the pressure bar mainly compresses the wood in the cutting area to reduce the occurrence of overshoot cracks in the wood. The existence of the pressure bar can exert a compressive force perpendicular to the cutting plane in front of the cutting edge to improve the planing quality.

[0021] Preferably, the present invention further provides a veneer slicer with adjustable slicer angle, comprising a mounting plate, a fixed plate is arranged on one side of the top of the mounting plate, a side plate is arranged on the top of the mounting plate, an electric telescopic rod is arranged on the top of the side plate, a support plate is arranged on the other side of the top of the mounting plate, a fixed frame is arranged on the support plate, a first motor is arranged on one side of the support plate, a threaded rod is arranged on the output end of the first motor, one end of the threaded rod is rotatably connected to the fixed frame, a movable plate is arranged on the threaded rod, the movable plate and the threaded rod are threadedly connected, connecting rods are arranged on both ends of one side of the movable plate, a clamping plate is arranged on one end of the connecting rod, the connecting rod and the fixed frame are slidably connected, a connecting frame is arranged on the bottom end of the electric telescopic rod, a connecting plate is arranged at the bottom of the connecting frame, a slicer is arranged on the bottom end of the connecting plate, the top of the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the connecting frame, a driven gear is arranged on one side of the connecting plate, the driven gear is fixedly connected to the connecting plate, a second motor is arranged on one side of the top of the connecting frame, a driving gear is arranged on the output end of the second motor, and the driving gear is meshedly connected to the driven gear.

[0022] The veneer slicing device with adjustable slicing angle directly turns on the second motor when the angle of the slicing cutter needs to be adjusted. The second motor drives the active gear, and the active gear drives the driven gear. The driven gear rotates and drives the connecting plate. The connecting plate rotates on the connecting frame and drives the slicing cutter to rotate, thereby completing the adjustment of the slicing angle of the slicing cutter. The wood to be processed is clamped and fixed by the splint to ensure its stability during slicing and avoid shaking or movement during processing.

[0023] Furthermore, the present invention is improved in that limiting rods are provided at both ends of one side of the clamping plate, sliding sleeves are provided at both sides of the fixing frame, and the limiting rods are slidably provided on the sliding sleeves.

[0024] Furthermore, the present invention is improved in that a through slot is provided on one side of the top of the mounting plate, and a collecting box is provided at the bottom of the mounting plate, and the collecting box is located at the bottom of the through slot.

[0025] In summary, the advantages of the present invention are: 1. The present invention has the advantage that during the heating process, the softener ammonium carbonate will decompose into ammonia, carbon dioxide and water, wherein a part of the N atoms in the ammonia will combine with the active groups in the wood to cause the wood to expand, and the other part will form high-pressure steam inside the wood together with carbon dioxide and water to cause the wood to expand. Because the aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate is alkaline and easily soluble in water, it can dissolve part of lignin and hemicellulose, etc., thus increasing the softening effect; 2. The advantage of the present invention is that the main components of wood are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which is an elastic-plastic body. Each component has a glass transition temperature. If a certain amount of moisture and temperature are given to the wood, a glass transition process can occur, and its mechanical properties change rapidly; 3. The present invention can increase the plasticity and moisture content of wood by proper softening treatment before planing, reduce the cutting resistance during planing, reduce the appearance of cracks on the back of wood, make it suitable for planing, and remove some extracts such as grease, tannin, etc. in the wood. Put the wood into the cooking tank for cooking to achieve the purpose of softening treatment, so that the surface of the prepared planed veneer is smooth, tough, and not prone to cracks, thereby improving the yield of wood; 4. The advantage of the present invention is that heating the wood can soften it. The wood cutting layer is heated by friction during planing. The instantaneous heated wood cutting layer will produce instantaneous steam pressure. The hot steam penetrates into the wood, aggravating the softening of the wood itself and increasing its flexibility. Heating the wood can increase the plasticity of the wood, soften the material, make it easier to cut, reduce the cutting force, reduce the back crack degree during planing, and reduce the consumption of cutting power. 5. The advantage of adopting the present invention is that the pressure bar mainly compresses the wood in the cutting area to reduce the occurrence of cracks in the wood. The presence of the pressure bar can exert a compressive force perpendicular to the cutting plane in front of the cutting edge to improve the planing quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a natural veneer preparation process flow chart; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of a veneer slicer with adjustable slicer angle according to the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic side view of the structure of a veneer slicer with adjustable slicer angle according to the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at point A in the middle; In the figure: 1. mounting plate; 2. fixing plate; 3. side plate; 4. electric telescopic rod; 5. connecting plate; 6. slicer; 7. support plate; 8. first motor; 9. threaded rod; 10. fixing frame; 11. moving plate; 12. connecting rod; 13. clamping plate; 14. limiting rod; 15. sliding sleeve; 16. collecting box; 17. connecting frame; 18. driven gear; 19. second motor; 20. driving gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Step 1: Spraying the logs for health Choose tap water and use a spray device to spray the area, allowing the nozzle to evenly spray water mist on all parts of the body.

[0029] Step 2: Cut the ruler Positioning logs: Place the log on the platform of the shearing equipment, make sure the log is stable and will not slide, cut the log in the length direction, mark the length line of the log according to the product order, adjust the position of the log to align it with the cutting line of the equipment, gradually adjust the cutting speed to 1m / min and the cutting depth to 4mm, sort the cut logs, and remove the wood chips and waste generated during the cutting process.

[0030] Step (3) Preparation of softener Water, ammonium carbonate, sulfosuccinate and sodium lignin sulfonate are prepared as a softening liquid in the ratio of 5:3:2:1 to soften the wood, and are added into water in sequence to fully dissolve them to prepare a softening liquid.

[0031] Step 4: Softener penetration The wood to be softened is sealed in a heatable softening tank, and the softening liquid is gradually infiltrated into the wood by natural penetration. This is maintained for 24 hours, until the softening liquid completely penetrates the wood.

[0032] Step 5: Steaming According to the moisture content of the wood, weigh the equivalent of 100g of absolutely dry logs, and according to the liquid ratio of 5:1, the amount of alkali used is 100mL, and the degree of sulfidation is 20%, measure 800mL of distilled water and 30% NaOH solution and 40g / L Na2S solution, put them in a conical flask and mix them evenly to make the cooking liquid. Put the logs into the cooking tank, slowly add the cooking liquid, set the cooking program (heating time 20min, insulation time 3h, cooking temperature 50℃) and start it. When the actual temperature of the cooking tank reaches 50℃, restart the cooking program. During the cooking process, always observe the temperature gauge of the cooking tank, record the cooking time and temperature every 10 minutes, and stop the heating program after the cooking is completed.

[0033] Step 6: Peeling After steaming, the logs are in a wet state, and the softened bark is peeled off from the wood surface using a peeling machine; Step 9: Drying The obtained veneer was dried at 150° C. for 1 minute to obtain natural veneer.

[0034] Step 7: Find the heart of the tree Cut the logs cross-sectionally, observe the color changes on the cross-section, and place them in a special hearth-finding device to locate and mark the hearth.

[0035] Step 8: Peeling / Self-cutting after finding the pattern The peeled logs are peeled or sliced ​​into veneer on a slicer, with a slice thickness of 2 mm, a tool wedge angle β=18°, a back angle α=1°, a blade inclination angle ω=19°, a sharp blade edge, a slice direction of longitudinal diameter / tangential plane slice, a slice speed of 5 m / min, a double-sided pressure ruler, and an 8% compression amount. The veneer color after sliced ​​is wenge.

[0036] Example 2 Step 1: Spraying the logs for health Choose tap water and use a spray device to spray the area, allowing the nozzle to evenly spray water mist on all parts of the body.

[0037] Step 2: Cut the ruler Positioning logs: Place the logs on the platform of the shearing equipment, make sure the logs are stable and will not slide, cut the logs in the length direction, mark the length lines on the logs according to the product order, adjust the position of the logs to align them with the cutting line of the equipment, gradually adjust the cutting speed to 2m / min and the cutting depth to 5mm, sort the cut logs, and remove the wood chips and waste generated during the cutting process.

[0038] Step (3) Preparation of softener Water, ammonium carbonate, sulfosuccinate and sodium lignin sulfonate are prepared in the ratio of 7:4:1:1 as a softening liquid to soften the wood, and the mixture is added into water in sequence to fully dissolve the mixture to prepare a softening liquid.

[0039] Step 4: Softener penetration The wood to be softened is sealed in a heatable softening treatment tank, and the softening liquid is gradually infiltrated into the wood by natural penetration. This is maintained for 26 hours so that the softening liquid can penetrate into the wood until the softening liquid completely penetrates into the wood.

[0040] Step 5: Steaming According to the moisture content of the wood, weigh 150g of absolutely dry logs, and according to the liquid ratio of 6:2, the amount of alkali used is 120mL, and the degree of sulfidation is 25%, measure 900mL of distilled water, 35% NaOH solution, and 35g / L Na2S solution, put them in a conical flask and mix them evenly to make the cooking liquid. Put the logs into the cooking tank, slowly add the cooking liquid, set the cooking program (heating time 25min, insulation time 3h, cooking temperature 70℃) and start it. When the actual temperature of the cooking tank reaches 55℃, restart the cooking program. During the cooking process, always observe the temperature gauge of the cooking tank, record the cooking time and temperature every 13 minutes, and stop the heating program after the cooking is completed.

[0041] Step 6: Peeling After steaming, the logs are in a wet state, and the softened bark is peeled off from the wood surface using a peeling machine; Step 9: Drying The obtained veneer was dried at 260° C. for 1 minute to obtain natural veneer.

[0042] Step 7: Find the heart of the tree Cut the logs cross-sectionally, observe the color changes on the cross-section, and place them in a special hearth-finding device to locate and mark the hearth.

[0043] Step 8: Peeling / Self-cutting after finding the pattern The peeled logs are peeled or sliced ​​into veneer on a slicer, with a slice thickness of 3 mm, a tool wedge angle β=20°, a back angle α=2°, a blade inclination angle ω=20°, a sharp blade, a slice direction of longitudinal diameter / tangential plane slice, a slice speed of 7 m / min, a double-sided pressure ruler, a compression amount of 9%, and the veneer color after sliced ​​is wenge.

[0044] Example 3 Step 1: Spraying the logs for health Choose tap water and use a spray device to spray the area, allowing the nozzle to evenly spray water mist on all parts of the body.

[0045] Step 2: Cut the ruler Positioning logs: Place the logs on the platform of the shearing equipment, make sure the logs are stable and will not slide, cut the logs in the length direction, mark the length lines on the logs according to the product order, adjust the position of the logs to align them with the cutting line of the equipment, gradually adjust the cutting speed to 2m / min and the cutting depth to 5mm, sort the cut logs, and remove the wood chips and waste generated during the cutting process.

[0046] Step (3) Preparation of softener Water, ammonium carbonate, sulfosuccinate and sodium lignin sulfonate are prepared in the ratio of 5:2:2:1 as a softening liquid to soften the wood, and are added into water in sequence to fully dissolve them to prepare a softening liquid.

[0047] Step 4: Softener penetration The wood to be softened is sealed in a heatable softening tank, and the softening liquid is gradually infiltrated into the wood by natural penetration. This is maintained for 28 hours, until the softening liquid completely penetrates into the wood.

[0048] Step 5: Steaming According to the moisture content of the wood, weigh 100-200g of absolutely dry logs. According to the liquid ratio of 5:2, the amount of alkali is 130mL, and the degree of sulfidation is 28%, measure 950mL of distilled water, 38% NaOH solution, and 38g / L Na2S solution, put them in a conical flask and mix them evenly to make the cooking liquid. Put the logs into the cooking tank, slowly add the cooking liquid, set the cooking program (heating time 28min, insulation time 4h, cooking temperature 80℃) and start it. When the actual temperature of the cooking tank reaches 56℃, restart the cooking program. During the cooking process, always observe the temperature gauge of the cooking tank, record the cooking time and temperature every 13 minutes, and stop the heating program after the cooking is completed.

[0049] Step 6: Peeling After steaming, the logs are in a wet state, and the softened bark is peeled off from the wood surface using a peeling machine; Step 9: Drying The obtained veneer was dried at 280°C for 1 minute to obtain natural veneer.

[0050] Step 7: Find the heart of the tree Cut the logs cross-sectionally, observe the color changes on the cross-section, and place them in a special hearth-finding device to locate and mark the hearth.

[0051] Step 8: Peeling / Self-cutting after finding the pattern The peeled logs are peeled or sliced ​​into veneer on a slicer, with a slice thickness of 3 mm, a tool wedge angle β=21°, a back angle α=2°, a blade inclination angle ω=21°, a sharp blade edge, a slice direction of longitudinal diameter / tangential plane slice, a slice speed of 8 m / min, a double-sided pressure ruler, a compression amount of 9%, and the veneer color after sliced ​​is wenge.

[0052] Example 4 Step 1: Spraying the logs for health Choose tap water and use a spray device to spray the area, allowing the nozzle to evenly spray water mist on all parts of the body.

[0053] Step 2: Cut the ruler Positioning logs: Place the logs on the platform of the shearing equipment, make sure the logs are stable and will not slide, cut the logs in the length direction, mark the length lines on the logs according to the product order, adjust the position of the logs to align them with the cutting line of the equipment, gradually adjust the cutting speed to 3m / min and the cutting depth to 6mm, sort the cut logs, and remove the wood chips and waste generated during the cutting process.

[0054] Step (3) Preparation of softener Water, ammonium carbonate, sulfosuccinate and sodium lignin sulfonate are prepared in the ratio of 8:5:3:2 as a softening liquid to soften the wood. The softening liquid is added into water in sequence to fully dissolve the wood.

[0055] Step 4: Softener penetration The wood to be softened is sealed in a heatable softening treatment tank, and the softening liquid is gradually infiltrated into the wood by natural penetration. The softening liquid is maintained for 30 hours until it completely penetrates into the wood.

[0056] Step 5: Steaming According to the moisture content of the wood, weigh the equivalent of 200g of absolutely dry logs, and according to the liquid ratio of 8:3, the amount of alkali used is 150mL, and the degree of sulfidation is 30%, measure 1000mL of distilled water and 40% NaOH solution and 40g / L Na2S solution, put them in a conical flask and mix them evenly to make the cooking liquid, put the logs into the cooking tank, slowly add the cooking liquid, set the cooking program (heating time 30min, insulation time 4h, cooking temperature 90℃) and start it. When the actual temperature of the cooking tank reaches 60℃, restart the cooking program. During the cooking process, always observe the temperature gauge of the cooking tank, record the cooking time and temperature every 15 minutes, and stop the heating program after the cooking is completed.

[0057] Step 6: Peeling After steaming, the logs are in a wet state, and the softened bark is peeled off from the wood surface using a peeling machine; Step 9: Drying The obtained veneer was dried at 300°C for 1 minute to obtain natural veneer.

[0058] Step 7: Find the heart of the tree Cut the logs cross-sectionally, observe the color changes on the cross-section, and place them in a special hearth-finding device to locate and mark the hearth.

[0059] Step 8: Peeling / Self-cutting after finding the pattern The peeled logs are peeled or sliced ​​into veneer on a slicer, with a slice thickness of 4 mm, a tool wedge angle β=22°, a back angle α=3°, a blade inclination angle ω=23°, a sharp blade, a slice direction of longitudinal diameter / tangential plane slice, a slice speed of 10 m / min, a double-sided pressure ruler, a compression amount of 10%, and the veneer color after sliced ​​is tulip tree.

[0060] See also Figure 2-4A veneer slicing device with adjustable slicing angle comprises a mounting plate 1, a fixing plate 2 is arranged on one side of the top of the mounting plate 1, a side plate 3 is arranged on the top of the mounting plate 1, an electric telescopic rod 4 is arranged on the top of the side plate 3, a support plate 7 is arranged on the other side of the top of the mounting plate 1, a fixing frame 10 is arranged on the support plate 7, a first motor 8 is arranged on one side of the support plate 7, a threaded rod 9 is arranged on the output end of the first motor 8, one end of the threaded rod 9 is rotatably connected to the fixing frame 10, a moving plate 11 is arranged on the threaded rod 9, the moving plate 11 is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 9, and two ends of one side of the moving plate 11 are arranged A connecting rod 12 is provided with a splint 13 at one end of the connecting rod 12, the connecting rod 12 is slidably connected to the fixed frame 10, a connecting frame 17 is provided at the bottom end of the electric telescopic rod 4, a connecting plate 5 is provided at the bottom of the connecting frame 17, a planer 6 is provided at the bottom end of the connecting plate 5, the top end of the connecting plate 5 is rotatably connected to the connecting frame 17, a driven gear 18 is provided on one side of the connecting plate 5, the driven gear 18 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 5, a second motor 19 is provided on one side of the top of the connecting frame 17, a driving gear 20 is provided at the output end of the second motor 19, and the driving gear 20 is meshingly connected to the driven gear 18.

[0061] In actual use of the above structure, the wooden board to be sliced ​​is first placed between the fixed plate 2 and the clamping plate 13, and then the first motor 8 is turned on. The first motor 8 drives the threaded rod 9 to rotate, and the threaded rod 9 rotates to drive the movable plate 11, and the movable plate 11 pushes the clamping plate 13 through the connecting rod 12, so that the clamping plate 13 clamps and fixes the wooden board, thereby ensuring the stability of the wooden board during sliced ​​cutting. Moreover, through the adjustable clamping plate 13, wooden boards of different sizes can be fixed, which is more practical. Then the electric telescopic rod 4 drives the connecting plate 5 and the slicer 6 to descend, and slices the wooden board. When the angle of the slicer 6 needs to be adjusted, the second motor 19 is turned on, and the second motor 19 drives the driving gear 20. The driving gear 20 drives the driven gear 18 through meshing. The driven gear 18 drives the connecting plate 5 to rotate on the connecting frame 17, and at the same time drives the slicer 6 to rotate, thereby completing the adjustment of the slicer angle of the slicer 6. The operation is simple, and the scope of use and processing effect are improved.

[0062] In this embodiment, pads are provided on the inner walls of the fixing plate 2 and the clamping plate 13, and a rubber pad is provided on one side of the pads to improve the stability of the wooden board after clamping.

[0063] In this embodiment, limit rods 14 are provided at both ends of one side of the clamping plate 13, and sliding sleeves 15 are provided on both sides of the fixing frame 10. The limit rods 14 are slidably provided on the sliding sleeves 15, thereby improving the stability of the clamping plate 13 when adjusting the sliding.

[0064] In this embodiment, the planer 6 and the connecting plate 5 are detachably connected to facilitate disassembly and replacement.

[0065] In this embodiment, a through groove is provided on one side of the top of the mounting plate 1, and a collecting box 16 is provided at the bottom of the mounting plate 1. The collecting box 16 is located at the bottom of the through groove. Through the setting of the through groove and the collecting box 16, the wood chips generated during the planing process will fall into the collecting box 16 through the through groove, which is convenient for centralized processing.

[0066] In this embodiment, the collection box 16 is detachably connected to the mounting plate 1 , and the collection box 16 is made of hard plastic material, which improves the use effect of the collection box 16 .

[0067] In this embodiment, brackets are provided on both sides of the bottom end of the mounting plate 1 , and the brackets are connected to the mounting plate 1 by welding, thereby improving the stability of the mounting plate 1 .

[0068] Comparative Example 1 Step 1: Spraying the logs for health Choose tap water and use a spray device to spray the area, allowing the nozzle to evenly spray water mist on all parts of the body.

[0069] Step 2: Cut the ruler Positioning logs: Place the log on the platform of the shearing equipment, make sure the log is stable and will not slide, cut the log in the length direction, mark the length line of the log according to the product order, adjust the position of the log to align it with the cutting line of the equipment, gradually adjust the cutting speed to 1m / min and the cutting depth to 4mm, sort the cut logs, and remove the wood chips and waste generated during the cutting process.

[0070] Step 3: Steaming According to the moisture content of the wood, weigh the equivalent of 100g of absolutely dry logs, and according to the liquid ratio of 5:1, the amount of alkali used is 100mL, and the degree of sulfidation is 20%, measure 800mL of distilled water and 30% NaOH solution and 40g / L Na2S solution, put them in a conical flask and mix them evenly to make the cooking liquid. Put the logs into the cooking tank, slowly add the cooking liquid, set the cooking program (heating time 20min, insulation time 3h, cooking temperature 50℃) and start it. When the actual temperature of the cooking tank reaches 50℃, restart the cooking program. During the cooking process, always observe the temperature gauge of the cooking tank, record the cooking time and temperature every 10 minutes, and stop the heating program after the cooking is completed.

[0071] Step 4: Peeling After steaming, the logs are in a wet state, and the softened bark is peeled off from the wood surface using a peeling machine; Step 7: Drying The obtained veneer was dried at 150° C. for 1 minute to obtain natural veneer.

[0072] Step 5: Find the heart of the tree Cut the logs cross-sectionally, observe the color changes on the cross-section, and place them in a special hearth-finding device to locate and mark the hearth.

[0073] Step 6: Peeling / Self-cutting after finding the pattern The peeled logs are peeled or sliced ​​into veneer on a slicer, with a slice thickness of 2 mm, a tool wedge angle β=18°, a back angle α=1°, a blade inclination angle ω=19°, a sharp blade edge, a slice direction of longitudinal diameter / tangential plane slice, a slice speed of 5 m / min, a double-sided pressure ruler, and an 8% compression amount. The veneer color after sliced ​​is wenge.

[0074] Comparative Example 2 Step 1: Spraying the logs for health Choose tap water and use a spray device to spray the area, allowing the nozzle to evenly spray water mist on all parts of the body.

[0075] Step 2: Cut the ruler Positioning logs: Place the logs on the platform of the shearing equipment, make sure the logs are stable and will not slide, cut the logs in the length direction, mark the length lines on the logs according to the product order, adjust the position of the logs to align them with the cutting line of the equipment, gradually adjust the cutting speed to 3m / min and the cutting depth to 6mm, sort the cut logs, and remove the wood chips and waste generated during the cutting process.

[0076] Step 3: Steaming According to the moisture content of the wood, weigh the equivalent of 200g of absolutely dry logs, and according to the liquid ratio of 8:3, the amount of alkali used is 150mL, and the degree of sulfidation is 30%, measure 1000mL of distilled water and 40% NaOH solution and 40g / L Na2S solution, put them in a conical flask and mix them evenly to make the cooking liquid, put the logs into the cooking tank, slowly add the cooking liquid, set the cooking program (heating time 30min, insulation time 4h, cooking temperature 90℃) and start it. When the actual temperature of the cooking tank reaches 60℃, restart the cooking program. During the cooking process, always observe the temperature gauge of the cooking tank, record the cooking time and temperature every 15 minutes, and stop the heating program after the cooking is completed.

[0077] Step 4: Peeling After steaming, the logs are in a wet state, and the softened bark is peeled off from the wood surface using a peeling machine; Step 7: Drying The obtained veneer was dried at 300°C for 1 minute to obtain natural veneer.

[0078] Step 5: Find the heart of the tree Cut the logs cross-sectionally, observe the color changes on the cross-section, and place them in a special hearth-finding device to locate and mark the hearth.

[0079] Step 6: Peeling / Self-cutting after finding the pattern The peeled logs are peeled or sliced ​​into veneer on a slicer, with a slice thickness of 4 mm, a tool wedge angle β=22°, a back angle α=3°, a blade inclination angle ω=23°, a sharp blade, a slice direction of longitudinal diameter / tangential plane slice, a slice speed of 10 m / min, a double-sided pressure ruler, a compression amount of 10%, and the veneer color after sliced ​​is wenge.

[0080] Comparison of detection experiments: The natural veneers obtained in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example Products 1 and 2 were tested. The specific testing methods are as follows: Surface roughness measurement The roughness is measured by a probe-type TR240 surface roughness tester, which uses a differential electrical sensor, with a vertical resolution accuracy of up to 0.01μm and a vertical range of up to +40 / -120μm.

[0081] Measurement of back crack degree Using the penetration test method, ink is applied to the back of the veneer. After the ink dries, the veneer is cut in the transverse fiber direction and a scale magnifying glass (×10 times) is used to measure the depth of the cracks on the back. The veneer crack depth is measured twice and the average crack degree is calculated: η=total crack height*100% / (total number of cracks*veneer thickness).

[0082] Table 1 Surface roughness test results

[0083] As can be seen from Table 1, the roughness of the comparative example is large, and the roughness of Example 4 is small. The example is treated with a softener, while the comparative example is not. At the same time, when the treatment temperature is low and the treatment time is short, the heat is low and has not been accumulated for a long time, the heat cannot be transmitted to the inside of the wood, and the lignin and hemicellulose in the wood cannot obtain sufficient heat to reach the glass transition point, resulting in poor softening effect of the wood. Although the natural penetration method is used to allow ammonium carbonate to enter the inside of the wood, ammonium carbonate and water can be used as softening liquid to make the wood part expand, but because the softening treatment time is short, the softening liquid ammonium carbonate cannot be completely decomposed, the softening and expansion of the wood is not complete, and the plasticity of the wood is insufficient; with the increase of the softening treatment temperature and the softening treatment time, the heat accumulates in the wood after a certain period of time, and is deep enough into the wood, so that the wood is evenly heated, and under the action of the softening liquid, the dissolution of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose can be accelerated, which can play a softening role to a certain extent, so Example 4 is the best.

[0084] Table 2 Back crack test results

[0085] It can be seen from Table 2 that the back crack degree of Example 4 is smaller, while that of Comparative Example 2 is larger. This is because the pressure bar edge close to one side of the tool can provide a compressive force acting on the tool edge to reduce the generation of overshooting cracks, and the other pressure bar edge acts on the cutting area in front of the edge, compressing the wood in this area before the overshooting cracks are formed, reducing the damage to the cutting area in front of the edge, thereby achieving the purpose of inhibiting the advance cracks from extending further forward in front of the edge and reducing the possibility of their conversion into back cracks. At the same time, continuous deformation occurs during the cutting of the wood, so the chips formed are smoother. However, during the planing of the wood, the front blade of the planer has a shear force on the cutting layer wood, causing the wood to bend along the front blade of the planer in the direction of the pressure bar, generating tensile stress on its back, and the wood has a low transverse tensile strength. When the tensile stress on the back of the wood exceeds the transverse tensile strength of the wood, cracks will form on the back of the wood, resulting in a roughness value greater than that on the front.

Claims

1. A natural veneer preparation process, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Log health spraying, cutting, softener preparation, softener penetration, steaming, peeling, wood core finding, rotary cutting / self-cutting and slicing after finding patterns, and drying; wherein the step of rotary cutting / self-cutting and slicing after finding patterns includes rotary cutting of peeled logs according to different raw materials, or slicing veneer on a slicing machine, and the veneer color after slicing is wenge, etc.; The logs include African white sycamore, natural oak, Russian basswood, natural black walnut or natural camphor wood.

2. A natural veneer preparation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: As a preferred method, step (i) log health spraying Use tap water and a spray device in the spray area to evenly spray water mist on all parts of the body to keep the moisture content of the logs above 40%; Step 2: Cut the ruler Positioning logs: Place the log on the platform of the shearing equipment, ensure that the log is stable and will not slide, cut the log in the length direction, mark the length line of the log according to the product order, adjust the position of the log to align it with the cutting line of the equipment, gradually adjust the cutting speed and cutting depth, sort the cut logs, and remove the wood chips and waste generated during the cutting process; Step (3) Preparation of softener Water, ammonium carbonate, sulfonated succinate and sodium lignin sulfonate are prepared in a certain proportion as a softening liquid to soften the wood, and are added into water in sequence to make them fully dissolved to prepare a softening liquid; Step 4: Softener penetration The wood to be softened is sealed in a heatable softening tank, and a vacuum is drawn to allow the softening liquid to penetrate into the wood. At this time, the softening liquid is pressurized and then depressurized until the softening liquid completely penetrates into the wood. Step 5: Steaming Weigh the absolutely dry logs according to the moisture content of the wood, take distilled water, NaOH solution and Na2S solution according to the liquid ratio, alkali amount and sulfide amount, put them in a conical flask and mix them evenly to make the cooking liquid, put the logs into the cooking tank, slowly add the cooking liquid, set the cooking program (heating time, heat preservation time, cooking temperature) and start it, when the actual temperature of the cooking tank is reached, restart the cooking program; when the actual temperature of the cooking tank is reached, record the cooking time and temperature at intervals, and stop the heating program after the cooking is completed; Step 6: Peeling After steaming, the logs are in a wet state, and the softened bark is peeled off from the wood surface using a peeling machine; Step 7: Find the heart of the tree Cut the logs crosswise, observe the color changes of the cross section, and place them in a special device for finding the wood core to find and mark the wood core; Step 8: Peeling / Self-cutting after finding the pattern According to step (VII), the heartwood is found and the peeled log is peeled to improve the utilization rate of log peeling; or the log with excellent pattern is manually selected for positioning, and the pattern direction is input into the intelligent system to automatically identify the pattern direction and slice the veneer on the slicer, and the veneer color after sliced ​​is wenge, etc.; Step 9: Drying The obtained veneer is dried in a drying machine at 150° C.-300° C. for 1 minute to obtain natural veneer.

3. A natural veneer preparation process according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 1: Spraying the logs for health Choose tap water and use a spray device to spray the area, allowing the nozzle to evenly spray water mist on all parts of the body.

4. A natural veneer preparation process according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 2: Cut the ruler Positioning logs: Place the log on the platform of the shearing equipment, make sure the log is stable and will not slide, cut the log in the length direction, mark the length line of the log according to the product order, adjust the position of the log to align it with the cutting line of the equipment, gradually adjust the cutting speed 1-3m / min and the cutting depth 4-6mm, sort the cut logs, and remove the wood chips and waste generated during the cutting process.

5. The process for preparing natural veneer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (3) Preparation of softener Water, ammonium carbonate, sulfosuccinate and sodium lignin sulfonate are prepared as a softening liquid according to 5:3:2:1-8:5:3:2 to soften the wood, and are added into water in sequence to fully dissolve them to prepare a softening liquid.

6. A process for preparing natural veneer according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step 4: Softener penetration The wood to be softened is sealed in a heatable softening treatment tank, and the softening liquid is gradually infiltrated into the wood by natural penetration. Maintain the softening liquid for 24-30 hours until the softening liquid completely penetrates into the wood.

7. A process for preparing natural veneer according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step 5: Steaming According to the moisture content of the wood, weigh 100-200g of absolutely dry logs. According to the liquid ratio of 5:1-8:3, the amount of alkali is 100-150mL, and the degree of sulfidation is 20-30%, measure 800-1000mL of distilled water and 30-40% NaOH solution and 30-40g / L Na2S solution, put them in a conical flask and mix them evenly to make the cooking liquid. Put the logs into the cooking tank, slowly add the cooking liquid, set the cooking program (heating time 20-30min, insulation time 3-4h, cooking temperature 50-90℃ and start. When the actual temperature of the cooking tank reaches 50-60℃, restart the cooking program. During the cooking process, always observe the temperature gauge of the cooking tank, record the cooking time and temperature every 10-15 minutes, and stop the heating program after the cooking is completed.

8. A process for preparing natural veneer according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step 6: Peeling After steaming, the logs are in a wet state, and the softened bark is peeled off from the wood surface using a peeling machine; Step 9: Drying The obtained veneer is dried at 150°C-300°C for 1 minute to obtain natural veneer.

9. A process for preparing natural veneer according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step 7: Find the heart of the tree Cut the logs cross-sectionally, observe the color changes on the cross-section, and place them in a special hearth-finding device to locate and mark the hearth.

10. A process for preparing natural veneer according to claim 9, characterized in that: Step 8: Peeling / Self-cutting after finding the pattern The peeled logs are peeled or sliced ​​into veneer on a slicer, with a slice thickness of 2-4mm, a tool wedge angle β=18-22°, a back angle α=1-3°, a blade inclination angle ω=19-23°, a sharp blade edge, a slice direction of longitudinal diameter / tangential plane slice, a slice speed of 5-10m / min, a double-sided pressure ruler, a compression amount of 8-10%, and the veneer color after sliced ​​is wenge, etc.

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