Rectangular vertical shaft excavation method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of vertical shaft construction, and discloses a rectangular vertical shaft excavation method. The rectangular vertical shaft excavation method comprises the following steps that a plurality of connecting beams are installed on an inner ring of a well wall ring on the lowermost layer, one ends of the connecting beams are connected with supporting longitudinal beams in the well wall ring, the other ends of the connecting beams are connected with supporting longitudinal beams or supporting cross beams, and the connecting beams and the supporting longitudinal beams can form a moving track of tunneling equipment; the tunneling equipment is controlled to excavate a soil body below the well wall ring on the lowermost layer, and the tunneling equipment is driven to move on the moving track; all the well wall rings in the pilot tunnel are moved downwards by a preset thickness through lifting and placing equipment until the well wall ring on the lowest layer is moved to a preset position; and after the tunneling equipment is controlled to move to the connecting beam, the tunneling equipment is hoisted out of the pilot tunnel. By means of the rectangular vertical shaft excavation method, the number of used tunneling equipment can be reduced, the tunneling equipment is prevented from touching the supporting cross beams and the supporting longitudinal beams, the construction difficulty is reduced, and the construction cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shaft construction, in particular to a rectangular shaft excavation method. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of a rectangular shaft, multiple layers of support beams are often set up according to the specific conditions of the site to effectively disperse the soil pressure and water pressure generated during the excavation of the rectangular shaft and improve the overall stability of the shaft wall. The support beams in the rectangular shaft include longitudinal beams and transverse beams, which are perpendicular to each other and can form multiple rectangular areas with small cross-sections in the rectangular shaft to disperse the loads generated during the excavation and tunneling of the rectangular shaft and improve the stability of the overall structure.

[0003] Rectangular shafts are excavated using tunnel boring machines, which are usually installed on the bottom wall of the rectangular shaft through a special steel support structure. However, tunnel boring machines cannot move in the rectangular shaft. Therefore, when excavating a larger rectangular shaft, multiple tunnel boring machines are required, which increases the cost of rectangular shaft construction. Moreover, after the rectangular shaft is excavated, the multi-layer support beams above the tunnel boring machine will affect the removal of the tunnel boring machine and the steel support structure from the rectangular shaft, which not only increases the difficulty of rectangular shaft excavation, but also affects the efficiency of rectangular shaft excavation.

[0004] Therefore, a rectangular shaft excavation method is urgently needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a rectangular shaft excavation method, which can reduce the number of excavation equipment used, save construction costs, reduce the difficulty of rectangular shaft excavation construction, and improve the efficiency of rectangular shaft excavation.

[0006] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A rectangular shaft excavation method is provided, wherein the shaft wall of the rectangular shaft comprises multiple layers of vertically stacked shaft wall rings, and the inner ring of each shaft wall ring is provided with a plurality of supporting longitudinal beams extending along the length direction of the rectangular shaft and a plurality of supporting transverse beams extending along the width direction of the rectangular shaft, and the positions of the supporting longitudinal beams of each layer and the positions of the supporting transverse beams of each layer are corresponding, and the rectangular shaft excavation method comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. Dig a pilot pit of a preset depth at the excavation position of the rectangular shaft, and hoist the lowest shaft wall ring into the pilot pit;

[0009] S2. Install supporting longitudinal beams and supporting cross beams on the bottommost shaft ring, and connect the supporting longitudinal beams and supporting cross beams to the shaft ring;

[0010] S3. Install multiple connecting beams on the inner ring of the bottommost shaft wall ring, one end of the connecting beam is connected to the supporting longitudinal beam, and the other end is connected to the supporting longitudinal beam or the supporting cross beam, and the multiple connecting beams and several supporting longitudinal beams can form a moving track for the excavation equipment;

[0011] S4. Hoist the excavation equipment onto the mobile track;

[0012] S5, controlling the excavation equipment to excavate the soil below the lowest layer of the shaft wall ring, and driving the excavation equipment to move on the moving track;

[0013] S6. After the excavation equipment has excavated the soil of a preset thickness, all the shaft wall rings in the pilot pit are moved downward by a preset thickness using a lifting and lowering device;

[0014] S7, connecting the shaft wall ring to be installed with the uppermost shaft wall ring in the pilot pit, and installing a supporting crossbeam and a supporting longitudinal beam on the shaft wall ring to be installed;

[0015] S8, repeating steps S5 to S7 until the bottom well wall ring moves to a preset position;

[0016] S9. Determine whether the excavation equipment is located on the connecting beam. If so, lift the excavation equipment out of the pilot pit; if not, control the excavation equipment to move to the connecting beam and then lift the excavation equipment out of the pilot pit.

[0017] Optionally, the connecting beam includes a main body portion and an arc-shaped transition portion provided at an end of the main body portion. In step S3, the main body portion is fixedly connected to a corresponding supporting cross beam or a corresponding supporting longitudinal beam through the arc-shaped transition portion.

[0018] Optionally, step S7 specifically includes the following steps:

[0019] S71, hoisting the well wall ring to be installed to the top of the pilot pit by using a hoisting device, and connecting the well wall ring to be installed with the uppermost well wall ring in the pilot pit;

[0020] S72, installing a plurality of connecting columns on the uppermost supporting longitudinal beam or the uppermost supporting transverse beam in the pilot pit;

[0021] S73. Install the supporting cross beam and the supporting longitudinal beam on the shaft wall ring to be installed, and connect the connecting column with the supporting longitudinal beam or the supporting cross beam on the shaft wall ring to be installed.

[0022] Optionally, when the inner ring of the shaft wall ring is provided with a supporting longitudinal beam, in step S72, the connecting column is installed at the connection between the supporting cross beam of the corresponding layer and the supporting longitudinal beam of the corresponding layer;

[0023] When multiple supporting longitudinal beams are set on the inner ring of the well wall ring, in step S72, the connecting columns of the lowest layer are installed on the supporting cross beams of the lowest layer, and the connecting columns of each layer except the lowest layer are installed at the connection between the supporting cross beams of the corresponding layer and the supporting longitudinal beams of the corresponding layer, and the connecting columns of the lowest layer are staggered with the connecting columns of the upper layers.

[0024] Optionally, the shaft wall ring is formed by a plurality of pipe segments, and step S71 specifically includes the following steps: using lifting equipment to sequentially lift a plurality of pipe segments of the shaft wall ring to be installed to the top of the shaft wall ring of the uppermost layer in the guide pit, and arranging the pipe segments of the shaft wall ring to be installed and the pipe segments of the shaft wall ring of the uppermost layer in the guide pit in an offset manner along the circumference of the rectangular vertical shaft.

[0025] Optionally, a connecting tenon is provided at one end of the pipe segment and a connecting tenon groove is provided at the other end of the pipe segment. Step S71 also includes the following steps: using lifting equipment to lift multiple pipe segments of the well wall ring to be installed in sequence to above the topmost well wall ring in the guide pit, and inserting the connecting tenon of any pipe segment into the connecting tenon groove of the adjacent pipe segment.

[0026] Optionally, in step S71, when connecting two adjacent segments of the shaft wall ring to be installed, a waterproof member is laid between two adjacent segments of the shaft wall ring to be installed, and the waterproof member is arranged along the entire length of the segment height direction.

[0027] Optionally, step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0028] S11, using excavation equipment to dig a pilot pit of a preset depth at an excavation position of the rectangular shaft;

[0029] S12, casting a plurality of vertically extending support piles along the circumference of the pilot pit;

[0030] S13, casting a cap beam between any two adjacent support piles, and the cap beam is fixedly connected to the top of the support piles;

[0031] S14. Use lifting equipment to lift the lowest well wall ring into the pilot pit.

[0032] Optionally, after step S1 and before step S2, the following steps are also included: installing a blade foot ring at the bottom of the lowest shaft wall ring, and the blade foot ring is arranged along the circumference of the shaft wall ring; in step S5, controlling the excavation equipment to excavate the soil at the blade foot ring.

[0033] Optionally, after step S9, the following steps are also included:

[0034] S10. Cast a sealing layer on the top of the bottom well wall ring to seal the inner hole of the bottom well wall ring.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] The present invention provides a rectangular shaft excavation method, in which, in step S3, a plurality of connecting beams are arranged on the inner ring of the bottom wall ring, and the inner ring connecting beams of the wall ring and a plurality of supporting longitudinal beams can form a moving track of the excavation equipment, so that when the excavation equipment is driven to move in step S5, the excavation equipment can move to any supporting longitudinal beam and any position of each supporting longitudinal beam along its extension direction, thereby expanding the moving range of a single excavation equipment in the wall ring, thereby reducing the number of excavation equipment used; and, the excavation equipment is placed on the supporting longitudinal beam or the connecting beam, so that no special support structure is required to fix the excavation equipment on the bottom wall ring, thereby saving construction costs. In step S3, the connecting beam is only arranged on the bottom wall ring, so in step S9, the excavation equipment is hoisted out after it moves to the connecting beam, and the supporting cross beams and supporting longitudinal beams of the upper layers will not affect the hoisting out of the excavation equipment, which is convenient for the staff to operate and reduces the difficulty of construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 is a first flow chart of the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 is a second flow chart of the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a plan view of the lowest shaft wall ring of the first rectangular shaft provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a plan view of the lowest shaft wall ring of the second rectangular shaft provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the pilot pit after the crown beam is cast in the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0042] Fig. 6A It is a first cross-sectional view of a pilot pit for a first rectangular shaft in the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6B It is a second cross-sectional view of the pilot pit of the first rectangular shaft in the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6C It is a third cross-sectional view of the pilot pit of the first rectangular shaft in the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0045] Fig.6D It is a fourth cross-sectional view of the pilot pit of the first rectangular shaft in the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0046] Fig. 6EIt is a fifth cross-sectional view of the pilot pit of the first rectangular shaft in the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0047] Fig. 6F It is a sixth cross-sectional view of the pilot pit of the first rectangular shaft in the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0048] Fig. 7A It is a first cross-sectional view of a pilot pit for a second rectangular shaft in the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7B It is a second cross-sectional view of the pilot pit for the second rectangular shaft of the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7C It is a third cross-sectional view of the pilot pit of the second rectangular shaft in the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0051] Fig.7D It is a fourth cross-sectional view of the pilot pit of the second rectangular shaft in the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0052] Fig. 7E It is a fifth cross-sectional view of the pilot pit of the second rectangular shaft in the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7F It is a sixth cross-sectional view of the pilot pit of the second rectangular shaft in the rectangular shaft excavation method provided by the present invention;

[0054] Figure 8 is a first side view of a rectangular shaft provided by the present invention;

[0055] Fig. 9 is a second side view of the rectangular shaft provided by the present invention;

[0056] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the connection of pipe segments of a rectangular vertical shaft provided by the present invention.

[0057] In the figure:

[0058] 1. Shaft wall ring; 11. Pipe segment; 111. Connecting tenon; 112. Connecting tenon groove; 12. Connecting bolt;

[0059] 21. Supporting longitudinal beam; 22. Supporting cross beam; 23. Connecting column;

[0060] 3. Pilot pit;

[0061] 4. Tie beam;

[0062] 5. Excavation equipment;

[0063] 6. Mobile track;

[0064] 71. Support piles; 72. Crown beam;

[0065] 8. Blade foot ring; 81. Bevel;

[0066] 9. Seal the bottom layer;

[0067] 10. Base plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0069] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0070] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0071] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc., directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0072] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, this embodiment provides a rectangular shaft excavation method, which can reduce the number of excavation equipment 5 used, save construction costs, and prevent the excavation equipment 5 from hitting the supporting cross beams 22 and supporting longitudinal beams 21, thereby reducing the difficulty of excavation construction and improving excavation efficiency.

[0073] See also Figure 3 and Fig. 6F The wall of the rectangular shaft includes multiple vertically stacked wall rings 1, and the inner ring of each wall ring 1 is provided with a plurality of holes along the length direction of the rectangular shaft ( Figure 3 The supporting longitudinal beam 21 extending in the X direction of the rectangular shaft and a plurality of supporting longitudinal beams 21 extending in the X direction of the rectangular shaft Figure 3 The positions of the supporting longitudinal beams 21 of each layer and the positions of the supporting cross beams 22 of each layer correspond to each other, see Figure 1 , the rectangular shaft excavation method comprises the following steps:

[0074] S1. See Figure 5 and Fig. 6A , digging a pilot pit 3 of a preset depth at the excavation position of the rectangular shaft, and hoisting the bottommost shaft wall ring 1 into the pilot pit 3;

[0075] S2. See Figure 3 and Figure 4 , install the supporting longitudinal beam 21 and the supporting transverse beam 22 on the bottom layer of the shaft wall ring 1, and connect the supporting longitudinal beam 21 and the supporting transverse beam 22 to the shaft wall ring 1;

[0076] S3. See Figure 3 and Figure 4 A plurality of connecting beams 4 are installed on the inner ring of the bottommost shaft wall ring 1, one end of the connecting beam 4 is connected to the supporting longitudinal beam 21, and the other end is connected to the supporting longitudinal beam 21 or the supporting cross beam 22. The plurality of connecting beams 4 and a plurality of supporting longitudinal beams 21 can form a moving track 6 for the excavation equipment 5;

[0077] S4, hoisting the excavation equipment 5 onto the mobile track 6;

[0078] S5, controlling the excavation equipment 5 to excavate the soil below the lowest layer of the shaft wall ring 1, and driving the excavation equipment 5 to move on the moving track 6;

[0079] S6, after the excavation equipment 5 excavates the soil of a preset thickness, all the shaft wall rings 1 in the pilot pit 3 are moved downward by a preset thickness using a lifting and lowering device;

[0080] S7, connecting the shaft wall ring 1 to be installed with the uppermost shaft wall ring 1 in the pilot pit 3, and installing the supporting crossbeam 22 and the supporting longitudinal beam 21 on the shaft wall ring 1 to be installed;

[0081] S8, repeating steps S5 to S7 until the bottom well wall ring 1 moves to a preset position;

[0082] S9. Determine whether the excavation equipment 5 is located on the connecting beam 4. If so, lift the excavation equipment 5 out of the pilot pit 3; if not, control the excavation equipment 5 to move to the connecting beam 4, and then lift the excavation equipment 5 out of the pilot pit 3.

[0083] The rectangular shaft excavation method provided in the present embodiment comprises the following steps: in step S3, a plurality of connecting beams 4 are arranged on the inner ring of the bottommost shaft wall ring 1; the plurality of connecting beams 4 and a plurality of supporting longitudinal beams 21 can form a moving track 6 for the tunneling equipment 5, so that when the tunneling equipment 5 is driven to move in step S5, the tunneling equipment 5 can move to any supporting longitudinal beam 21 and any position of each supporting longitudinal beam 21 along its extension direction, thereby expanding the moving range of a single tunneling equipment 5 in the shaft wall ring 1, thereby reducing the number of tunneling equipment 5 used; moreover, the tunneling equipment 5 is placed on the supporting longitudinal beams 21 or the connecting beams 4, so that there is no need to arrange a special supporting structure on the bottommost shaft wall ring 1 to fix the tunneling equipment 5, thereby saving construction costs. In step S3, the connecting beam 4 is only set on the bottommost shaft wall ring 1. Therefore, in step S9, the excavation equipment 5 is hoisted out after it moves onto the connecting beam 4. The supporting cross beams 22 and supporting longitudinal beams 21 of the upper layers will not affect the hoisting of the excavation equipment 5, which is convenient for the staff to operate and reduces the difficulty of construction.

[0084] Optionally, see Figure 2 , step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0085] S11. See Figure 5 , use excavation equipment to dig a pilot pit 3 of a preset depth at the excavation position of the rectangular shaft. The pilot pit 3 can be used as a reference surface for subsequent tunneling machines to excavate the soil, so that the staff can accurately control the excavation direction and size of the rectangular shaft during the subsequent construction process.

[0086] Specifically, the preset depth is determined based on factors such as the geological conditions of the rectangular shaft excavation location, the design depth of the rectangular shaft, and the specific conditions of the construction site; the cross-sectional size of the guide pit 3 is determined based on the size of the rectangular shaft, and the cross-sectional size of the guide pit 3 is larger than the cross-sectional size of the rectangular shaft to facilitate on-site construction.

[0087] Exemplarily, the excavation equipment is an excavator.

[0088] S12. See Figure 5 A plurality of vertically extending support piles 71 are cast along the circumference of the pilot pit 3. The support piles 71 can be connected as a whole with the surrounding foundation to improve the bearing capacity and stability of the foundation, so as to provide support when the subsequent well wall ring 1 is pressed into the soil.

[0089] In this embodiment, the support piles 71 are bored cast-in-place piles. Specifically, holes are first drilled around the pilot pit 3, and then concrete is poured into the holes. After the concrete solidifies and takes shape, the support piles 71 are formed.

[0090] S13. See Figure 5 A cap beam 72 is cast between any two adjacent support piles 71, and the cap beam 72 is fixedly connected to the top of the support pile 71. The cap beam 72 can connect multiple support piles 71 together to prevent the collapse of the soil at the top edge of the pilot pit 3, ensuring the stability and safety during the excavation of the rectangular shaft; the cap beam 72 can also serve as a support platform for the lifting equipment to facilitate the lowering of the shaft wall ring 1 in the pilot pit.

[0091] S14, using lifting equipment to lift the bottom well wall ring 1 into the pilot pit 3.

[0092] Exemplarily, the lifting equipment is a crane.

[0093] See also Figure 6B In this embodiment, the supporting cross beam 22 and the supporting longitudinal beam 21 are both prefabricated structures, the top surfaces of the supporting cross beam 22 and the supporting longitudinal beam 21 are flush with the top surface of the shaft wall ring 1, and the supporting longitudinal beam 21 and the supporting cross beam 22 are both concrete beams. Step S2 specifically includes the following steps: moving the supporting longitudinal beam 21 and the supporting cross beam 22 to the inner ring of the shaft wall ring 1 at the lowest layer, connecting the steel bars of the supporting longitudinal beam 21 and the steel bars of the supporting cross beam 22 to the steel bars reserved at the top of the shaft wall ring 1, and pouring high-strength concrete at the connection between the steel bars of the supporting longitudinal beam 21 and the steel bars of the supporting cross beam 22 and the steel bars of the shaft wall ring 1 to ensure the strength of the connection between the supporting longitudinal beam 21 and the supporting cross beam 22 and the shaft wall ring 1.

[0094] In this embodiment, the steel bars of the supporting longitudinal beam 21 and the supporting transverse beam 22 are connected to the steel bars of the shaft wall ring 1 through steel bar sleeves. Specifically, the steel bars reserved for the supporting longitudinal beam 21 or the supporting transverse beam 22 and the steel bars reserved for the shaft wall ring 1 are respectively extended into the two ends of the steel bar sleeves, and the steel bars of the shaft wall ring 1 and the steel bars of the supporting longitudinal beam 21 or the supporting transverse beam 22 can be firmly connected by screwing the steel bar sleeves.

[0095] Optionally, see Figure 4 and Figure 7B , after step S1 and before step S2, the following steps are also included: installing a blade foot ring 8 at the bottom of the bottommost well wall ring 1, and the blade foot ring 8 is arranged along the circumference of the well wall ring 1; in step S5, controlling the excavation equipment 5 to dig the soil at the blade foot ring 8. The blade foot ring 8 helps to improve the mechanical properties of the well wall ring 1 when it is lowered, so that the well wall ring 1 can cut into the soil more smoothly and reduce the sinking resistance.

[0096] Specifically, see Fig. 7A and Figure 7BThe blade foot ring 8 is provided with an inclined surface 81, which is inclined along the thickness direction of the well wall ring 1, so that the lower end of the blade foot ring 8 forms a blade-like structure, which is convenient for the well wall ring 1 to cut into the soil, reduces the resistance of the lower end of the well wall ring 1 to cut the soil when it moves downward, and improves the construction efficiency. At this time, the guide pit 3 can also provide a working space for the connection between the blade foot ring 8 and the bottom well wall ring 1.

[0097] Exemplarily, the tunneling equipment 5 is a tunneling machine, and the blade foot ring 8 is made of steel, has high rigidity, and is not easily damaged by the tunneling equipment 5; the blade foot ring 8 is connected to the bottommost well wall ring 1 by installing bolts extending vertically and applying a pre-tightening force.

[0098] Optionally, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The connecting beam 4 includes a main body and an arc-shaped transition portion provided at the end of the main body. In step S3, the main body is fixedly connected to the corresponding supporting cross beam 22 or the corresponding supporting longitudinal beam 21 through the arc-shaped transition portion. The setting of the arc-shaped transition portion can ease the angle between the main body and the supporting cross beam 22 or the supporting longitudinal beam 21, so that in step S5, the excavation equipment 5 can move smoothly and stably between the supporting longitudinal beam 21 and the connecting beam 4.

[0099] Exemplarily, the connecting beam 4 is a concrete beam, and the top surface of the connecting beam 4 is flush with the top surface of the supporting longitudinal beam 21 to facilitate the movement of the excavation equipment 5 in the subsequent step S5.

[0100] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 3 When the cross-sectional size of the shaft wall ring 1 is small, the inner ring of each layer of the shaft wall ring 1 is provided with one supporting longitudinal beam 21 and six supporting transverse beams 22. Each side of the supporting longitudinal beam 21 is provided with three supporting transverse beams 22 arranged at intervals along its extension direction, and the supporting transverse beams 22 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the supporting longitudinal beam 21. The supporting transverse beams 22 and the supporting longitudinal beams 21 divide the shaft wall ring 1 into eight small rectangles. In step S3, four small rectangles are provided with connecting beams 4, one end of the connecting beam 4 is connected to the supporting transverse beam 22, and the other end is connected to the supporting longitudinal beam 21. The supporting longitudinal beam 21 and the six connecting beams 4 form a moving track 6 of the excavation equipment 5; in step S5, the excavation equipment 5 can move to various positions of the supporting longitudinal beam 21 via the connecting beam 4 to excavate the soil at any position in the shaft wall ring 1.

[0101] In other embodiments, see Figure 4When the cross-sectional size of the shaft wall ring 1 is large, the inner ring of each layer of the shaft wall ring 1 is provided with three supporting longitudinal beams 21 and twelve supporting transverse beams 22. The three supporting longitudinal beams 21 are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the rectangular shaft. Three supporting transverse beams 22 are arranged on each side of the supporting longitudinal beams 21. The supporting transverse beams 22 are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the supporting longitudinal beams 21. The supporting transverse beams 22 and the supporting longitudinal beams 21 divide the shaft wall ring 1 into sixteen small rectangles. In step S3, four semicircular connecting beams 4 are provided. The two ends of the connecting beams 4 are fixedly connected to two adjacent supporting longitudinal beams 21. The four semicircular connecting beams 4 and the two supporting longitudinal beams 21 on the two sides along the width direction of the rectangular shaft form a moving track 6 of the excavation equipment 5, so that the excavation equipment 5 can excavate the soil at any position in the shaft wall ring 1.

[0102] In step S4 , one or more excavation equipment 5 may be selected according to the construction conditions and construction requirements, and the excavation equipment 5 may be hoisted onto the movable track 6 using a hoisting device.

[0103] In step S6, the preset thickness is determined according to geological conditions, design requirements of the rectangular shaft, construction conditions and other factors, as long as the top of the uppermost shaft wall ring 1 in the guide pit 3 can be flush with the ground after movement.

[0104] Exemplarily, the lifting and lowering equipment in step S6 includes a hydraulic lifting device, a winch and a steel strand. The steel strand is wound on the drum of the winch, and its free end passes through the steel cable hydraulic lifting device and is fixedly connected to the blade ring 8 at the bottom of the lowest well wall ring 1.

[0105] Optionally, see Figure 2 , step S7 specifically includes the following steps:

[0106] S71, see Fig. 6A and Figure 6B , use the hoisting equipment to hoist the well wall ring 1 to be installed outside the pilot pit 3 to the top of the pilot pit 3, and connect the well wall ring 1 to be installed with the uppermost well wall ring 1 in the pilot pit 3.

[0107] In this embodiment, refer to Fig. 6A and Figure 8 The shaft wall ring 1 is formed by a plurality of pipe segments 11, and step S71 specifically includes the following steps: using a hoisting device to sequentially hoist a plurality of pipe segments 11 of the shaft wall ring 1 to be installed above the shaft wall ring 1 of the uppermost layer in the pilot pit 3, and staggeringly arranging the pipe segments 11 of the shaft wall ring 1 to be installed and the pipe segments 11 of the shaft wall ring 1 of the uppermost layer in the pilot pit 3 along the circumferential direction of the rectangular shaft. The staggered arrangement of the pipe segments 11 of the upper and lower adjacent layers can stagger the gaps between the pipe segments 11, avoid the gaps being in the same straight line, and enhance the overall rigidity of the shaft wall of the rectangular shaft.

[0108] See also Fig. 9, the upper and lower adjacent layers of segments 11 are connected by nuts and connecting bolts 12. Specifically, each segment 11 is provided with a connecting hole, and the end of the connecting bolt 12 is provided with a threaded portion. The connecting holes of the upper and lower adjacent layers of segments 11 are connected, and the connecting bolt 12 passes through the two connecting holes connected up and down. The threaded portion of the connecting bolt 12 is located outside the segment 11 and is threadedly connected to the nut to prevent the connecting bolt 12 from being separated from the connecting hole.

[0109] Further, see Fig. 6A and Fig.10 One end of the pipe segment 11 is provided with a connecting tenon 111, and the other end of the pipe segment 11 is provided with a connecting tenon groove 112. Step S71 also includes the following steps: using a lifting equipment to sequentially lift multiple pipe segments 11 of the shaft wall ring 1 to be installed to the top of the uppermost shaft wall ring 1 in the guide pit 3, and insert the connecting tenon 111 of any pipe segment 11 into the connecting tenon groove 112 of the adjacent pipe segment 11 to increase the shear resistance between the two adjacent pipe segments 11.

[0110] For example, see Fig.10 The cross-sectional shape of the connecting tenon 111 is a fishtail shape, which can effectively prevent the connecting tenon 111 from being separated from the connecting tenon groove 112.

[0111] Furthermore, in step S71, when connecting two adjacent segments 11 of the shaft wall ring 1 to be installed, a waterproof component is laid between two adjacent segments 11 of the shaft wall ring 1 to be installed, and the waterproof component is arranged along the height direction of the segment 11 to prevent water from entering the rectangular shaft through the joints between the segments 11.

[0112] Exemplarily, the waterproof member is a rubber strip, which swells when in contact with water, thereby ensuring the waterproof capability between two adjacent pipe segments 11 .

[0113] S72, see Fig. 6A and Fig.6D , a plurality of connecting columns 23 are installed on the uppermost supporting longitudinal beam 21 or the uppermost supporting transverse beam 22 in the pilot pit 3;

[0114] In this embodiment, the connecting column 23 is a prefabricated column. In step S72, the prefabricated connecting column 23 is moved to the topmost supporting longitudinal beam 21 or the topmost supporting cross beam 22 in the guide pit 3, and then the steel bars reserved for the connecting column 23 are connected to the steel bars of the supporting longitudinal beam 21 or the supporting cross beam 22, and then the connection between the connecting column 23 and the supporting longitudinal beam 21 or the supporting cross beam 22 is poured with concrete.

[0115] S73, install the support cross beam 22 and the support longitudinal beam 21 on the well wall ring 1 to be installed, and connect the connecting column 23 with the support longitudinal beam 21 or the support cross beam 22 on the well wall ring 1 to be installed. The connecting column 23 can connect the support cross beams 22 or the support longitudinal beams 21 of the upper and lower layers, so that the support cross beams 22, the support longitudinal beams 21 and the connecting column 23 together form a frame structure, which improves the supporting effect on the well wall to avoid large-scale deformation of the well wall.

[0116] In an alternative embodiment, see Figure 3 and Fig. 6E When the inner ring of the shaft wall ring 1 is provided with a supporting longitudinal beam 21, in step S72, the connecting column 23 is installed at the connection between the supporting cross beam 22 of the corresponding layer and the supporting longitudinal beam 21 of the corresponding layer. The connecting columns 23 of each layer can be collinear, and the formed frame structure is a symmetrical structure, which improves the overall rigidity of the rectangular shaft.

[0117] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 3 and Fig. 6E , each connecting column 23 of the bottom layer is provided with two arc-shaped connecting beams 4, in step S5, refer to Figure 3 In the orientation, the excavation equipment 5 located on the supporting longitudinal beam 21 on the left side of the connecting column (not shown in the figure) can be moved to the supporting longitudinal beam 21 on the right side of the connecting column via two connecting beams 4, so that the excavation equipment 5 can excavate the soil at any position along the extension direction of the supporting longitudinal beam 21.

[0118] In another alternative embodiment, see Figure 4 and Fig.7D When a plurality of supporting longitudinal beams 21 are arranged on the inner ring of the shaft wall ring 1, in step S72, the connecting columns 23 of the lowest layer are installed on the supporting cross beams 22 of the lowest layer, and the connecting columns 23 of each layer except the lowest layer are installed at the connection between the supporting cross beams 22 of the corresponding layer and the supporting longitudinal beams 21 of the corresponding layer, and the connecting columns 23 of the lowest layer are staggered with the connecting columns 23 of the upper layers to prevent the connecting columns 23 of the lowest layer from affecting the movement of the excavation equipment 5.

[0119] In this embodiment, refer to Fig. 7E , five connecting columns 23 are arranged on each supporting crossbeam 22 of the bottom layer, and three connecting columns 23 are arranged on each of the remaining layers, and the connecting columns 23 of the remaining layers are arranged at the connection between the supporting crossbeam 22 of the corresponding layer and the supporting longitudinal beam 21 of the corresponding layer; in step S5, refer to Figure 4 and Fig. 7E During the movement of the tunneling equipment 5 , it can be ensured that the lowest connection column 23 is always located on both sides of the tunneling equipment 5 , thereby not affecting the movement of the tunneling equipment 5 .

[0120] See also Fig. 6FIn step S8, the preset position is determined according to the depth of the rectangular shaft, that is, when the preset position is set, the distance between the top surface of the bottom shaft wall ring 1 and the ground is the depth of the rectangular shaft.

[0121] Optionally, see Figure 2 , after step S9, the following steps are also included:

[0122] S10. See Fig. 6F and Figure 7F A sealing layer 9 is poured on the top of the bottom well wall ring 1 to seal the inner hole of the bottom well wall ring 1 .

[0123] Exemplarily, the bottom sealing layer 9 is made of plain concrete, has high compressive strength, and can withstand soil pressure and groundwater pressure from above to maintain the stability of the rectangular shaft structure.

[0124] See also Fig. 6F and Figure 7F In this embodiment, the undrained method is used to excavate the rectangular shaft. Step S10 specifically includes the following steps: pumping out the water in the rectangular shaft, and after there is no sediment and silt at the bottom of the rectangular shaft, pouring a sealing layer 9 on the top of the lowest well wall ring 1, and after the sealing layer 9 is formed, pouring a bottom plate 10 on the sealing layer 9 to support the rectangular shaft and prevent groundwater leakage.

[0125] S11. Connect the uppermost shaft wall ring 1 to the crown beam 72 to further enhance the integrity of the rectangular shaft structure, so that the support piles 71 can provide vertical support and pull-out resistance for the rectangular shaft during use.

[0126] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for excavating a rectangular shaft, wherein the shaft wall of the rectangular shaft comprises multiple layers of vertically stacked shaft wall rings (1), the inner ring of each shaft wall ring (1) is provided with a plurality of supporting longitudinal beams (21) extending along the length direction of the rectangular shaft and a plurality of supporting transverse beams (22) extending along the width direction of the rectangular shaft, and the positions of the supporting longitudinal beams (21) of each layer and the positions of the supporting transverse beams (22) of each layer are corresponding, characterized in that: The rectangular shaft excavation method comprises the following steps: S1, digging a pilot pit (3) of a preset depth at the excavation position of the rectangular shaft, and hoisting the bottommost shaft wall ring (1) into the pilot pit (3); S2, installing the supporting longitudinal beam (21) and the supporting transverse beam (22) on the bottommost layer of the shaft wall ring (1), and connecting the supporting longitudinal beam (21) and the supporting transverse beam (22) to the shaft wall ring (1); S3. A plurality of connecting beams (4) are installed on the inner ring of the shaft wall ring (1) at the lowest layer, one end of the connecting beam (4) is connected to the supporting longitudinal beam (21), and the other end is connected to the supporting longitudinal beam (21) or the supporting cross beam (22), and the plurality of connecting beams (4) and a plurality of the supporting longitudinal beams (21) can form a moving track (6) for the excavation equipment (5); S4, hoisting the excavation equipment (5) onto the movable track (6); S5, controlling the excavation equipment (5) to excavate the soil below the lowest layer of the shaft wall ring (1), and driving the excavation equipment (5) to move on the moving track (6); S6, after the excavation equipment (5) has excavated a soil body of a preset thickness, all the shaft wall rings (1) in the pilot pit (3) are moved downward by the preset thickness using a lifting and lowering device; S7, connecting the shaft wall ring (1) to be installed with the shaft wall ring (1) at the uppermost layer in the pilot pit (3), and installing the supporting crossbeam (22) and the supporting longitudinal beam (21) on the shaft wall ring (1) to be installed; S8, repeating steps S5 to S7 until the bottommost well wall ring (1) moves to a preset position; S9. Determine whether the excavation equipment (5) is located on the connecting beam (4). If so, lift the excavation equipment (5) out of the pilot pit (3); if not, control the excavation equipment (5) to move to the connecting beam (4), and then lift the excavation equipment (5) out of the pilot pit (3).

2. The rectangular shaft excavation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting beam (4) comprises a main body and an arc-shaped transition portion arranged at the end of the main body. In step S3, the main body is fixedly connected to the corresponding supporting cross beam (22) or the corresponding supporting longitudinal beam (21) through the arc-shaped transition portion.

3. The rectangular shaft excavation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S7 specifically includes the following steps: S71, using a lifting device to lift the shaft wall ring (1) to be installed to the top of the pilot pit (3), and connecting the shaft wall ring (1) to be installed with the shaft wall ring (1) at the uppermost layer in the pilot pit (3); S72, installing a plurality of connecting columns (23) on the uppermost supporting longitudinal beam (21) or the uppermost supporting transverse beam (22) in the guide pit (3); S73. Install the supporting crossbeam (22) and the supporting longitudinal beam (21) on the shaft wall ring (1) to be installed, and connect the connecting column (23) to the supporting longitudinal beam (21) or the supporting crossbeam (22) on the shaft wall ring (1) to be installed.

4. The rectangular shaft excavation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the inner ring of the shaft wall ring (1) is provided with one of the supporting longitudinal beams (21), in step S72, the connecting column (23) is installed at the connection between the supporting cross beam (22) of the corresponding layer and the supporting longitudinal beam (21) of the corresponding layer; When a plurality of the supporting longitudinal beams (21) are arranged on the inner ring of the shaft wall ring (1), in step S72, the connecting columns (23) of the lowest layer are installed on the supporting cross beams (22) of the lowest layer, and the connecting columns (23) of each layer except the lowest layer are installed at the connection between the supporting cross beams (22) of the corresponding layer and the supporting longitudinal beams (21) of the corresponding layer, and the connecting columns (23) of the lowest layer are staggered with the connecting columns (23) of the upper layers.

5. The rectangular shaft excavation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shaft wall ring (1) is formed by surrounding a plurality of pipe segments (11), and step S71 specifically comprises the following steps: using the lifting equipment to sequentially lift the plurality of pipe segments (11) of the shaft wall ring (1) to be installed to the top of the shaft wall ring (1) at the top layer in the guide pit (3), and arranging the pipe segments (11) of the shaft wall ring (1) to be installed and the pipe segments (11) of the shaft wall ring (1) at the top layer in the guide pit (3) in an offset manner along the circumference of the rectangular vertical shaft.

6. The rectangular shaft excavation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the pipe segment (11) is provided with a connecting tenon (111), and the other end of the pipe segment (11) is provided with a connecting tenon groove (112). Step S71 also includes the following steps: using the lifting equipment to sequentially lift the multiple pipe segments (11) of the shaft wall ring (1) to be installed to the top of the uppermost shaft wall ring (1) in the guide pit (3), and insert the connecting tenon (111) of any pipe segment (11) into the connecting tenon groove (112) of the adjacent pipe segment (11).

7. The rectangular shaft excavation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S71, when connecting two adjacent segments (11) of the shaft wall ring (1) to be installed, a waterproof component is laid between two adjacent segments (11) of the shaft wall ring (1) to be installed, and the waterproof component is arranged along the entire length of the segment (11) in the height direction.

8. The rectangular shaft excavation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, using excavation equipment to dig a pilot pit (3) of a preset depth at the excavation position of the rectangular shaft; S12, casting a plurality of vertically extending support piles (71) along the circumference of the guide pit (3); S13, casting a crown beam (72) between any two adjacent support piles (71), wherein the crown beam (72) is fixedly connected to the top of the support pile (71); S14, using a lifting device to lift the bottommost well wall ring (1) into the pilot pit (3).

9. The rectangular shaft excavation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: After step S1 and before step S2, the following steps are also included: installing a blade foot ring (8) at the bottom of the bottommost shaft wall ring (1), and the blade foot ring (8) is arranged along the circumference of the shaft wall ring (1); in step S5, controlling the excavation equipment (5) to excavate the soil at the blade foot ring (8).

10. The rectangular shaft excavation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: After step S9, the following steps are also included: S10, pouring a sealing layer (9) on the top of the bottommost well wall ring (1) to seal the inner hole of the bottommost well wall ring (1).

Images