Tunnel fire smoke exhaust rescue system and method
By designing a smoke exhaust rescue system with parallel guide holes and cross passages in the tunnel, the problems of thick smoke spreading and low rescue efficiency in tunnel fires are solved, efficient smoke exhaust and rescue are achieved, and construction costs and operation costs are reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411475539.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-14
AI Technical Summary
In tunnel fires, thick smoke spreads fast, has a high energy, and is prone to suffocation. In addition, traditional smoke exhaust methods will affect the tunnel's clearance height and ventilation section, increasing construction costs, and at the same time, low rescue efficiency.
A tunnel fire smoke exhaust rescue system is designed, including parallel guide holes and horizontal channels arranged along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel. Smoke is directed into the parallel guide holes through the smoke exhaust transverse channel, and fresh air is sent into the tunnel through the air supply transverse channel. , separate the smoke exhaust passage and rescue passage to achieve efficient smoke exhaust and rescue.
The system can effectively exhaust smoke without affecting the tunnel's clearance height and ventilation section, reduce construction costs and operation costs, improve rescue efficiency, ensure that the smoke and rescue paths are isolated from each other, and avoid mutual influence.
Smart Images
Figure CN119435074A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of tunnel smoke exhaust ventilation, and in particular relates to a tunnel fire smoke exhaust rescue system and method. Background Art
[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of the transportation network, the scale and number of tunnel construction have generally shown a growing trend. A large number of ultra-long tunnels have emerged. There are fire hazards in the operation of tunnels, which pose a huge threat to the safety of tunnel operations. When a fire accident occurs in a tunnel, ensuring the safety of life and property of drivers and passengers is the top priority of tunnel disaster prevention.
[0003] After research, it was found that in a fire, 85% of the victims were caused by suffocation due to thick smoke. When a tunnel fire occurs, the spread speed of thick smoke is 5 times faster than that of fire, and the energy it produces is 5-6 times more than that of fire. The extremely high temperature of thick smoke can also pose a threat to people who are far away. In addition, the appearance of thick smoke will seriously affect people's vision, making it difficult for people to see the direction of escape and self-rescue and fall into trouble. In addition, fires in tunnels, especially in ultra-long tunnels, are generally difficult to deal with quickly, and it is necessary to wait for the arrival of firefighters. However, in the face of fire, every second is very precious, so how to efficiently ventilate and exhaust smoke at the same time as the fire alarm is triggered to avoid the spread of thick smoke or casualties caused by suffocation due to thick smoke has become a thorny problem in tunnel operations.
[0004] At present, the common practice is to separate the smoke exhaust duct at the top of the tunnel and the driving road at the bottom of the tunnel through the air duct plate in the main tunnel. Multiple air duct openings are set on the air duct plate. In case of fire, smoke enters the smoke exhaust duct through the air duct openings and is then discharged from the centralized smoke exhaust port on the tunnel vault. This smoke exhaust method solves the problem of smoke spreading longitudinally along the tunnel to a certain extent, but it has the following shortcomings:
[0005] First, the main tunnel is divided into two parts, the clearance height of the lower carriageway is reduced, and the effective ventilation end surface of the tunnel is reduced when the tunnel is in normal operation. To ensure sufficient clearance height and effective ventilation section, it is necessary to expand the cross section of the main tunnel, thereby increasing the construction cost of the tunnel.
[0006] Secondly, when a tunnel fire occurs, not only smoke exhaust is required, but firefighters are also needed to carry out rescue operations. There is no dedicated fire passage, and firefighters have to enter through the main tunnel entrance, which makes the rescue efficiency low. Summary of the invention
[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel fire smoke exhaust and rescue system which can effectively exhaust smoke and provide a passage for rescue personnel.
[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a tunnel fire smoke exhaust and rescue system, including a tunnel main tunnel, and also including parallel guide tunnels and a plurality of transverse passages arranged longitudinally along the tunnel main tunnel, through which the parallel guide tunnels are connected to the tunnel main tunnel; these transverse passages include a smoke exhaust transverse passage for introducing smoke in the tunnel main tunnel into the parallel guide tunnel and an air supply transverse passage for sending fresh air into the tunnel main tunnel; the parallel guide tunnel includes a middle section, a left end section located at the left end of the middle section and a right end section located at the left end of the middle section along the longitudinal direction; the air supply transverse passage is distributed in the middle section of the parallel guide tunnel; the smoke exhaust transverse passage is distributed in the left end section and the right end section; a smoke exhaust fan is arranged in the parallel guide tunnel; and a main tunnel jet fan is arranged in the tunnel main tunnel.
[0009] Furthermore, a second smoke exhaust fan is provided in each smoke exhaust transverse channel.
[0010] Furthermore, partitions are respectively provided in the left end section and the right end section, and the partitions are arranged along the entire length of the corresponding end section, and the corresponding end section is divided into a smoke exhaust channel located on the upper layer and a rescue channel located on the lower layer through the partitions; the smoke exhaust fan is arranged in the smoke exhaust channel; a smoke partition plate is provided in the smoke exhaust transverse channel, and the smoke partition plate and the inner wall of the smoke exhaust transverse channel are sealed and connected to form a smoke exhaust connecting channel located at the top and a driving lane located at the bottom; the smoke exhaust connecting channel of the smoke exhaust transverse channel is connected with the entrance of the smoke exhaust channel, and the driving lane is connected with the rescue channel.
[0011] Furthermore, the left end of the middle section is connected to the rescue channel of the left end section, the right end is connected to the rescue channel of the right end section, and the middle section is isolated from the smoke exhaust channels of the left end section and the right end section.
[0012] Furthermore, the cross-sectional dimension of the middle section is smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the end section.
[0013] Tunnel fire smoke exhaust rescue method,
[0014] First, determine the location of the fire and select a smoke exhaust plan based on the location of the fire; the smoke exhaust plan includes: self-exhaust in the main tunnel and smoke exhaust in the parallel guide tunnel;
[0015] When the distance between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel opening is less than or equal to 3km, and there is no horizontal passage between the fire location and the active tunnel opening, turn on the main tunnel jet fan between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel opening to form an axial flow wind from the fire location to the main tunnel opening to quickly exhaust the smoke from the main tunnel opening; rescue personnel enter the tunnel main tunnel from the nearest main tunnel opening to reach the fire location; or enter the tunnel main tunnel from the parallel guide tunnel and the horizontal smoke exhaust passage closest to the fire location to reach the fire location;
[0016] When the distance between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel opening is less than or equal to 3 km, and there is a horizontal passage between the fire location and the main tunnel opening, or when the distance between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel opening is greater than 3 km, parallel guide tunnels are used for smoke exhaust;
[0017] Parallel tunnel smoke exhaust includes escape stage, smoke exhaust stage and rescue stage;
[0018] The escape phase consists of the following steps:
[0019] First, determine the ventilation direction of the main tunnel where the fire occurs; then, according to the ventilation direction of the main tunnel, turn on the main tunnel jet fan in the main tunnel. The direction of the wind discharged by the main tunnel jet fan is opposite to the ventilation direction of the main tunnel, so that the smoke moves forward in the main tunnel at a speed of less than 0.5m / s;
[0020] The smoke extraction phase includes the following steps:
[0021] Close the jet fan of the main tunnel, open the damper of the air supply transverse channel and the jet fan of the air supply transverse channel, and at the same time open the damper of at least two smoke exhaust transverse channels closest to the fire location, turn on the smoke exhaust fan 2 in the smoke exhaust connecting channel and the smoke exhaust fan 1 in the parallel guide tunnel that is connected to the corresponding smoke exhaust connecting channel, and discharge a large amount of smoke from the proximal hole of the parallel guide tunnel; the rescue stage includes the following steps: rescue personnel enter from the distal hole of the parallel guide tunnel, enter the main tunnel from the driving lane of the smoke exhaust transverse channel, and reach the fire location.
[0022] Furthermore, when the distance between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel entrance is less than or equal to 3 km, rescue workers enter the main tunnel of the tunnel from the parallel guide tunnel and the smoke exhaust transverse passage closest to the fire location and reach the fire location.
[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention utilizes the smoke exhaust transverse channel in the transverse channel to guide the smoke in the main tunnel of the tunnel into the parallel guide tunnel, and the parallel guide tunnel is used as the smoke exhaust rescue channel. Compared with the traditional method of directly isolating the smoke exhaust channel in the main tunnel of the tunnel, it will not affect the clearance height of the tunnel, nor will it affect the size of the effective ventilation section of the tunnel. Its construction cost and operation cost are low, and it is easy to maintain. Since the parallel guide tunnel is separated into the upper smoke exhaust channel and the lower rescue channel through the partition, and the smoke exhaust transverse channel is separated into the upper smoke exhaust transverse channel and the lower roadway through the smoke partition, a special smoke exhaust path is formed by the smoke exhaust transverse channel and the smoke exhaust channel, and a special rescue vehicle travel path is formed by the roadway and the rescue channel. The smoke exhaust and the rescue vehicle are isolated from each other and do not affect each other, creating good conditions for the rescue personnel to enter. While exhausting the smoke, the rescue vehicle can drive into the parallel guide tunnel, shortening the rescue waiting time and improving the rescue efficiency. It also enables the parallel guide tunnel to take into account the dual functions of smoke exhaust and rescue at the same time. Compared with the separate rescue channel and smoke exhaust channel, the construction cost is lower and it is easy to maintain. As smoke rises, setting the smoke exhaust passage on the upper level is more conducive to the discharge of smoke and also helps prevent smoke from invading the rescue passage on the lower level.
[0024] Furthermore, the parallel guide tunnel only has partitions at the left and right end sections at both ends to separate the smoke exhaust channel and the rescue channel, indicating that the parallel guide tunnel mainly exhausts smoke from its two ends, avoiding smoke from flowing into the middle section as much as possible, shortening the smoke exhaust path, and achieving the purpose of timely exhausting smoke. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the tunnel fire smoke exhaust and rescue system disclosed in the present invention;
[0026] Figure 2 It is a longitudinal schematic diagram of the tunnel fire smoke exhaust and rescue system disclosed in the present invention;
[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 AA section view;
[0028] Figure 4 This is the smoke exhaust rescue route map for fire at location A;
[0029] Figure 5 This is the smoke exhaust rescue route map for the fire at location B;
[0030] Figure 6 This is the smoke exhaust and rescue route map for the fire at location C.
[0031] In the figure, there are the main tunnel 1, the parallel guide tunnel 2, the middle section 21, the left end section 22, the partition 22A, the smoke exhaust channel 22B, the rescue channel 22C, the right end section 23, the transverse channel 3, the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31, the smoke partition 31A, the smoke exhaust connecting channel 31B, the driving road 31C, the air supply transverse channel 32, the smoke exhaust fan 1 4, the main tunnel jet fan 5, and the smoke exhaust fan 2 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
[0033] The terms "horizontal", "vertical", "up", "down", "left", "right", etc., which indicate directions in the present invention, are based on the attached Figure 2 The orientation or positional relationship shown is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
[0034] Tunnel fire smoke exhaust and rescue system, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown in FIG. 3 , the invention comprises a tunnel main tunnel 1, a parallel guide tunnel 2 and a plurality of transverse passages 3 arranged longitudinally along the tunnel main tunnel 1, wherein the parallel guide tunnel 2 is connected to the tunnel main tunnel 1 via the transverse passages 3; the transverse passages 3 include a smoke exhaust transverse passage 31 for introducing smoke in the tunnel main tunnel 1 into the parallel guide tunnel 2 and an air supply transverse passage 32 for supplying fresh air into the tunnel main tunnel 1; the parallel guide tunnel 2 includes a middle section 21, a left end section 22 located at the left end of the middle section 21 and a right end section 23 located at the left end of the middle section 21 along the longitudinal direction; the air supply transverse passage 32 is distributed in the middle section of the parallel guide tunnel 2; the smoke exhaust transverse passage 31 is distributed in the left end section 22 and the right end section 23; partitions are respectively arranged in the left end section 22 and the right end section 23 22A, the partition 22A is arranged along the entire length of the corresponding end section, and the corresponding end section is divided into a smoke exhaust channel 22B located at the upper layer and a rescue channel 22C located at the lower layer through the partition 22A; the smoke exhaust fan 4 is arranged in the smoke exhaust channel 22B; a smoke partition plate 31A is provided in the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31, and the smoke partition plate 31A and the inner wall of the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31 are sealed and connected to form a smoke exhaust communication channel 31B located at the top and a driving lane 31C located at the bottom; the smoke exhaust communication channel 31B of the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31 is connected with the entrance of the smoke exhaust channel 22B, and the driving lane 31C is connected with the rescue channel 22C; a smoke exhaust fan 4 is provided in the parallel guide tunnel 2; a main tunnel jet fan 5 is provided in the main tunnel 1 of the tunnel.
[0035] The tunnel fire smoke exhaust and rescue system disclosed in the present invention utilizes the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31 in the transverse channel 3 to guide the smoke in the tunnel main hole 1 into the parallel guide tunnel 2, and the parallel guide tunnel 2 is used as a smoke exhaust and rescue channel. Compared with the traditional method of directly isolating the smoke exhaust duct in the tunnel main hole 1, it will not affect the clearance height of the tunnel, nor will it affect the size of the effective ventilation section of the tunnel. It has low construction and operation costs and is easy to maintain.
[0036] Since the parallel guide tunnel 2 is separated into the upper smoke exhaust channel 22B and the lower rescue channel 22C through the partition 22A, and the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31 is separated into the upper smoke exhaust transverse channel 31 and the lower roadway 31C through the smoke partition 31A, the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31 and the smoke exhaust channel 22B form a special smoke exhaust path, and the roadway 31C and the rescue channel 22C form a special rescue vehicle travel path. The smoke exhaust and the rescue vehicle driving are isolated from each other and do not affect each other, creating good conditions for rescue personnel to enter. While exhausting smoke, the rescue vehicle can drive into the parallel guide tunnel 2, shortening the rescue waiting time and improving the rescue efficiency. It also makes the parallel guide tunnel 2 take into account the dual functions of smoke exhaust and rescue at the same time. Compared with setting up the rescue channel and the smoke exhaust channel separately, the construction cost is lower and it is easy to maintain. As the smoke goes up, setting the smoke exhaust channel 22B on the upper layer is more conducive to smoke exhaust and also more conducive to preventing smoke from invading the lower rescue channel 22C.
[0037] Furthermore, the parallel guide tunnel 2 is only provided with partitions 22A at the left end section 22 and the right end section 23 at both ends to separate the smoke exhaust channel 22B and the rescue channel 22C, indicating that the parallel guide tunnel 2 mainly exhausts smoke from its two ends, avoids smoke from flowing into the middle section 21 as much as possible, shortens the smoke exhaust path, and achieves the purpose of timely exhausting smoke.
[0038] In order to facilitate the exhaust of smoke through the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31, a smoke exhaust fan 6 is arranged in each smoke exhaust transverse channel 31.
[0039] To prevent smoke from entering the middle section 21 , the left end of the middle section 21 is connected to the rescue channel 22C of the left end section 22 , and the right end is connected to the rescue channel 22C of the right end section 23 , and the middle section 21 is isolated from the smoke exhaust channels 22B of the left end section 22 and the right end section 23 .
[0040] The cross section of the middle section 21 is mainly used for the passage of rescue vehicles, so the cross section size of the middle section 21 is smaller than that of the end section. That is, the cross section size of the middle section 21 does not need to be as large as that of the end section 22, and it only needs to meet the requirements of the passage of rescue vehicles and ventilation. Reducing its cross section size is conducive to saving construction costs and construction period.
[0041] The smoke exhaust transverse channel connects the end sections of the tunnel main tunnel 1 and the parallel guide tunnel 2 , and the air supply transverse channel 32 connects the tunnel main tunnel 1 and the middle section 21 of the parallel guide tunnel 2 .
[0042] The "several transverse passages 3" in the present invention refers to a plurality of transverse passages 3, and the spacing between adjacent transverse passages 3 is usually 800m.
[0043] Tunnel fire smoke exhaust rescue method,
[0044] First, determine the location of the fire and select a smoke exhaust plan based on the location of the fire; the smoke exhaust plan includes: self-exhaust in the main tunnel and smoke exhaust in the parallel guide tunnel 2;
[0045] When the distance between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel opening is less than or equal to 3 km, and there is no transverse passage 3 between the fire location and the active tunnel opening, the main tunnel jet fan 5 between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel opening is turned on to form an axial flow wind from the fire location to the main tunnel opening to quickly exhaust the smoke from the main tunnel opening; rescue personnel enter the tunnel main tunnel 1 from the nearest main tunnel opening to reach the fire location; or enter the tunnel main tunnel 1 from the parallel guide tunnel 2 and the smoke exhaust transverse passage 31 closest to the fire location to reach the fire location;
[0046] When the distance between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel opening is less than or equal to 3 km, and there is a horizontal passage 3 between the fire location and the main tunnel opening, or when the distance between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel opening is greater than 3 km, use parallel guide tunnels 2 to exhaust smoke;
[0047] The smoke exhaust of parallel pilot tunnel 2 includes the escape phase, smoke exhaust phase and rescue phase;
[0048] The escape phase consists of the following steps:
[0049] First, determine the ventilation direction of the main tunnel at the location where the fire occurs; then, according to the ventilation direction of the main tunnel, turn on the main tunnel jet fan 5 in the main tunnel. The direction of the wind discharged by the main tunnel jet fan 5 is opposite to the ventilation direction of the main tunnel, so that the smoke moves forward in the main tunnel at a speed of less than 0.5m / s;
[0050] The smoke extraction phase includes the following steps:
[0051] Close the jet fan 5 of the main tunnel, open the damper of the air supply transverse channel 32 and the jet fan of the air supply transverse channel 32, and at the same time open the dampers of at least two smoke exhaust transverse channels 31 closest to the fire location, and start the smoke exhaust fan 2 6 in the smoke exhaust communication channel 31B and the smoke exhaust fan 1 4 in the smoke exhaust channel 22B in the parallel guide tunnel 2 connected to the corresponding smoke exhaust communication channel 31B, so as to discharge a large amount of smoke from the proximal hole of the parallel guide tunnel 2;
[0052] The rescue stage includes the following steps: rescue personnel enter from the far end of the parallel guide tunnel 2, enter the main tunnel 1 through the lane 31C of the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31, and reach the fire location.
[0053] In order to shorten the waiting time for rescue, when the distance between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel entrance is less than or equal to 3km, the rescuers enter the tunnel main tunnel 1 from the parallel guide tunnel 2 and the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31 closest to the fire location to reach the fire location. When entering the tunnel main tunnel 1 from the parallel guide tunnel 2, since the smoke and the driving rescue route are isolated from each other, the rescuers can enter the parallel guide tunnel 2 while the smoke is being exhausted and wait for rescue, without having to enter the parallel guide tunnel 2 after the smoke is exhausted, which greatly shortens the waiting time and improves the rescue efficiency.
[0054] The following is an example of a fire occurrence point:
[0055] Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the figure, from left to right in the transverse channel 3 are the left smoke exhaust transverse channel 31, the air supply transverse channel 32 and the right smoke exhaust transverse channel 31. The figure only shows one left smoke exhaust transverse channel 31, one air supply transverse channel 32 and one right smoke exhaust transverse channel 31, not only three transverse channels, and the number of transverse channels depends on the specific situation.
[0056] like Figure 4 As shown, point A is the fire point, and the distance between point A and the left opening of the main tunnel 1 is less than 3 km, and there is no transverse passage 3 in this section. The vehicle continues to move forward in the tunnel and leaves the tunnel. At this time, the active jet fan 5 in the main tunnel 1 is turned on to send air to the left opening of the main tunnel 1, or the damper of the air supply transverse passage 32 is opened to send fresh air to the tunnel main tunnel 1. Of course, the active jet fan 5 in the main tunnel 1 and the air supply transverse passage 32 can also be turned on at the same time to supply air, so that the smoke is directly discharged from the left opening of the main tunnel 1 under the action of wind.
[0057] Rescue workers can directly enter from the left entrance of the main tunnel 1 to reach the fire point A for rescue; they can also enter from the left end of the parallel guide tunnel 2 and reach the fire point A through the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31 closest to the fire point A for rescue.
[0058] Point B is the fire point. The distance between point B and the left entrance of the main tunnel 1 is less than 3 km, but there is a cross passage 3 in this section. In this case, the same smoke exhaust scheme as the one mentioned above can be adopted when the distance between the fire point and the entrance of the main tunnel 1 is less than 3 km and there is no cross passage 3. Of course, another smoke exhaust scheme can also be adopted, that is, Figure 5 As shown, smoke is exhausted from the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31 between point A and the entrance of the main tunnel 1.
[0059] like Figure 6As shown, the position of point C is the fire point, and the distance between point C and the openings at both ends of the tunnel main tunnel 1 is greater than 3km. When the tunnel is in operation, the ventilation direction in the tunnel is from left to right. At this time, first, open the main tunnel jet fan 5 in the main tunnel 1 to supply air from right to left, and ensure that the damper of the air supply transverse channel 32 is closed to slow down the spread of smoke, so that the smoke slowly moves to the right at a speed less than or equal to 0.5m / s. During this process, the vehicles and personnel in the tunnel main tunnel 1 escape according to the original driving path. After the personnel in the tunnel main tunnel 1 are evacuated, close the main tunnel jet fan in the main tunnel 1, or open the main tunnel jet fan in the main tunnel 1 to supply air from left to right, and open the damper of the corresponding air supply transverse channel 32, and supply air from left to right to point C. The purpose of air supply is to accelerate the discharge of smoke; at the same time, open the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31 adjacent to point C on the right side of point C, and the smoke in the main tunnel 1 is quickly discharged to the parallel guide tunnel 2 by the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31. At the same time, the rescuers enter point C from the roadway 31C of the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31 near point C for rescue. It should be noted that the rescuers preferably enter the parallel guide tunnel 2 from the hole of the parallel guide tunnel 2 near point C, and then enter the main tunnel 1 of the tunnel from the smoke exhaust transverse channel 31 near point C to reach point C. For example, if the left end hole of the parallel guide tunnel 2 is closer to point C, then the rescuers enter from the left end hole of the parallel guide tunnel 2; if the right end hole of the parallel guide tunnel 2 is closer to point C, then the rescuers enter from the right end hole of the parallel guide tunnel 2.
[0060] Attached Figure 4-6 In the figure, the red arrow indicates the smoke exhaust path, and the black dotted line and the arrow on it indicate the rescue path.
[0061] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A tunnel fire smoke exhaust and rescue system, comprising a tunnel main hole (1), characterized in that: It also comprises a parallel guide tunnel (2) and a plurality of transverse passages (3) arranged longitudinally along the main tunnel (1) of the tunnel, wherein the parallel guide tunnel (2) is connected to the main tunnel (1) of the tunnel via the transverse passages (3); the transverse passages (3) include a smoke exhaust transverse passage (31) for introducing smoke in the main tunnel (1) of the tunnel into the parallel guide tunnel (2) and an air supply transverse passage (32) for supplying fresh air into the main tunnel (1) of the tunnel; the parallel guide tunnel (2) comprises a middle section (21), a left end section (22) located at the left end of the middle section (21), and a right end section (23) located at the left end of the middle section (21) in the longitudinal direction; the air supply transverse passages (32) are distributed in the middle section of the parallel guide tunnel (2); the smoke exhaust transverse passages (31) are distributed in the left end section (22) and the right end section (23); The left end section (22) and the right end section (23) are respectively provided with partitions (22A), the partitions (22A) being arranged along the entire length of the corresponding end section, and the corresponding end section is divided into a smoke exhaust passage (22B) located at the upper layer and a rescue passage (22C) located at the lower layer through the partitions (22A); the smoke exhaust fan 1 (4) is arranged in the smoke exhaust passage (22B); A smoke isolation plate (31A) is arranged in the smoke exhaust transverse channel (31), and the smoke isolation plate (31A) and the inner wall of the smoke exhaust transverse channel (31) are sealed and connected to form a smoke exhaust communication channel (31B) at the top and a driving lane (31C) at the bottom; The smoke exhaust connection channel (31B) of the smoke exhaust transverse channel (31) is connected to the entrance of the smoke exhaust channel (22B), and the driving lane (31C) is connected to the rescue channel (22C); A smoke exhaust fan (4) is arranged in the parallel guide tunnel (2); and a main tunnel jet fan (5) is arranged in the main tunnel (1).
2. The tunnel fire smoke exhaust and rescue system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second smoke exhaust fan (6) is arranged in each smoke exhaust transverse channel (31).
3. The tunnel fire smoke exhaust and rescue system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The left end of the middle section (21) is connected to the rescue channel (22C) of the left end section (22), and the right end is connected to the rescue channel (22C) of the right end section (23), and the middle section (21) is isolated from the smoke exhaust channels (22B) of the left end section (22) and the right end section (23).
4. The tunnel fire smoke exhaust and rescue system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cross-sectional dimensions of the middle section (21) are smaller than the cross-sectional dimensions of the end sections.
5. A tunnel fire smoke exhaust rescue method, characterized in that: First, determine the location of the fire and select a smoke exhaust solution based on the location of the fire; The smoke exhaust scheme includes: autonomous smoke exhaust from the main tunnel and smoke exhaust from the parallel pilot tunnel (2); When the distance between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel opening is less than or equal to 3 km, and there is no transverse passage (3) between the fire location and the active tunnel opening, the main tunnel jet fan (5) between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel opening is turned on to form an axial flow wind from the fire location to the main tunnel opening to quickly exhaust smoke from the main tunnel opening; rescue personnel enter the tunnel main tunnel (1) from the nearest main tunnel opening to reach the fire location; or enter the tunnel main tunnel (1) from the parallel guide tunnel (2) and the smoke exhaust transverse passage (31) closest to the fire location to reach the fire location; When the distance between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel opening is less than or equal to 3 km, and there is a horizontal passage (3) between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel opening, or when the distance between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel opening is greater than 3 km, a parallel guide tunnel (2) is used for smoke exhaust; The smoke exhaust of the parallel pilot tunnel (2) includes the escape phase, the smoke exhaust phase and the rescue phase; The escape phase consists of the following steps: First, the ventilation direction of the main tunnel at the location where the fire occurs is determined; then, according to the ventilation direction of the main tunnel, the main tunnel jet fan (5) in the main tunnel is turned on, and the direction of the wind discharged by the main tunnel jet fan (5) is opposite to the ventilation direction of the main tunnel, so that the smoke moves forward in the main tunnel at a speed of less than 0.5 m / s; The smoke extraction phase includes the following steps: The jet fan (5) of the main tunnel is closed, the damper of the air supply transverse channel (32) and the jet fan of the air supply transverse channel (32) are opened, and at the same time, the dampers of at least two smoke exhaust transverse channels (31) closest to the fire location are opened, and the smoke exhaust fan 2 (6) in the smoke exhaust connecting channel (31B) and the smoke exhaust fan 1 (4) of the smoke exhaust channel (22B) in the parallel guide tunnel (2) connected to the corresponding smoke exhaust connecting channel (31B) are turned on, so that a large amount of smoke is discharged from the proximal hole of the parallel guide tunnel (2); The rescue stage includes the following steps: rescue personnel enter from the far end of the parallel guide tunnel (2), enter the main tunnel (1) from the roadway (31C) of the smoke exhaust transverse channel (31), and reach the fire location.
6. The tunnel fire smoke exhaust rescue method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the distance between the fire location and the nearest main tunnel entrance is less than or equal to 3 km, rescue workers enter the tunnel main tunnel (1) from the parallel guide tunnel (2) and the smoke exhaust transverse passage (31) closest to the fire location and reach the fire location.