Fractional millisecond blasting draw shaft construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and provides a graded millisecond blasting draw shaft construction method. According to the method, a vertical guide hole is downwards constructed in an ore unloading chamber in the vertical direction, meanwhile, an inclined guide hole communicated with the vertical guide hole is upwards constructed in an ore loading chamber in the inclined direction, and reverse drilling and reaming are conducted on the vertical guide hole and the inclined guide hole to form a cutting courtyard; a plurality of sets of hole set units are punched downwards on the periphery of the cutting raise from inside to outside in the radial direction according to different preset intervals, and each set of hole set unit comprises a plurality of blast holes; after explosives are charged into the blast holes in a discontinuous charging mode, millisecond one-time blasting is conducted on the multiple sets of hole set units in the radial direction from inside to outside and from bottom to top, and the draw shaft is formed; a structural support with the inclination angle of 65-75 degrees is poured at the bottom of the draw shaft, and a screen is installed at the top of the draw shaft. Therefore, millisecond one-time blasting is carried out in the blasting hole from bottom to top, and the multiple groups of deep holes are formed in the radial direction from inside to outside and from bottom to top in sequence, so that the draw shaft forming quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a method for constructing a chute by fractional and micro-difference blasting. Background Art

[0002] At present, the main methods for underground mine construction are common method, hanging tank method, climbing tank method, blasting method and reverse drilling rig construction. Common room, hanging tank method, climbing tank method and blasting method all have the disadvantages of slow excavation speed, low efficiency, high labor intensity and high material consumption, high dust concentration during construction, poor ventilation conditions and poor safety of operators. In view of the large demand for chutes for underground mining and transportation teams in metal and non-metal mines, it is very important to find a safe, environmentally friendly, economical, applicable and fast construction method.

[0003] For the construction of underground chute in metal and non-metal mines, controlled blasting technology is particularly complex and important. During the process, it is necessary to ensure the blasting effect and control the blasting hazards within the limit, to avoid excessive seismic waves and air shock waves from damaging the surrounding rock, causing roof collapse and collapse of adjacent goafs and other safety accidents. Therefore, underground mine blasting control technology is a result of continuous optimization between blasting effect and blasting safety. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for constructing a chute by fractional and micro-difference blasting, so as to solve or alleviate the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present application provides a method for constructing a chute by fractional differential blasting, comprising: constructing a vertical guide hole downward in a ore unloading chamber along a vertical direction, and back-drilling and expanding the vertical guide hole to form a vertical shaft section of a cutting shaft; at the same time, constructing an inclined guide hole connected to the vertical guide hole upward in an ore loading chamber along an inclined direction, and back-drilling and expanding the inclined guide hole to form an inclined shaft section of the cutting shaft;

[0007] A plurality of groups of hole units are drilled radially from the inside to the outside at different preset intervals around the cutting skylight using a deep hole trolley, each group of the hole units including a plurality of blasting holes uniformly distributed in a rectangular shape around the cutting skylight;

[0008] After the explosives are loaded into the blasting holes by intermittent charging, the multiple groups of hole group units are blasted once with a slight difference in order from the inside to the outside along the radial direction, and the vertical shaft section is detonated after the inclined shaft section is blasted to form a chute;

[0009] A structural support is cast at the bottom of the chute with an inclination angle of 65 to 75 degrees to the axis of the vertical shaft section, and a mesh screen is installed on the top of the chute.

[0010] Preferably, the vertical guide hole is constructed clockwise downward by using a reverse drilling machine, and the reverse drilling is completed by pulling up and rotating the reverse drilling machine counterclockwise.

[0011] Preferably, the deep hole trolley is used to drill the blasting hole, the depth of the blasting hole is 10 to 50 meters, and the hole diameter is 90 to 150 millimeters.

[0012] Preferably, the spacing between two adjacent groups of the hole group units is 1 to 1.5 meters, and the center spacing between two adjacent blasting holes in each group of the hole group units is 300 to 750 millimeters.

[0013] Preferably, when intermittent charging is performed in the blasting hole, the spacing between two adjacent spaced charge columns is 3 to 4 meters, and a 2 to 3 meter long charging spacer is used to separate the two adjacent spaced charge columns, and the blasting is performed in batches from bottom to top; wherein the diameter of the spaced charge columns is 50 to 90 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the mesh screen installed on the top of the chute is cast and fixed by concrete; and / or a vibrating ore-discharging machine is installed at the end of the structural support away from the chute.

[0015] Beneficial effects:

[0016] In the method for constructing a chute by micro-difference blasting provided in the embodiment of the present application, first, a vertical guide hole is constructed downward in the unloading chamber along the vertical direction, and the vertical guide hole is back-drilled and expanded to form a vertical shaft section of the cutting shaft; at the same time, an inclined guide hole connected to the vertical guide hole is constructed upward in the loading chamber along the inclined direction, and the inclined guide hole is back-drilled and expanded to form an inclined shaft section of the cutting shaft; then, a deep hole trolley is used to drill multiple groups of hole group units from the inside to the outside in the radial direction according to different preset spacings around the cutting shaft, and each group of hole group units includes a plurality of blasting holes uniformly distributed in a rectangular shape around the cutting shaft; then, after explosives are loaded into the blasting holes by intermittent charging, the multiple groups of hole group units are subjected to micro-difference blasting in a radial order from the inside to the outside, and the vertical shaft section is detonated after the inclined shaft section is blasted to form a chute; finally, a structural support is cast at the bottom of the chute at an angle of 65 to 75 degrees to the axis of the vertical shaft section, and a screen is installed at the top of the chute.

[0017] Thus, by cutting the skylight through reverse well construction, a free surface and a bottom structure concrete pouring and conveying channel are provided for subsequent deep hole blasting; by cutting multiple groups of deep holes with different preset spacings radially from the inside to the outside around the skylight, more holes are drilled and less explosives are charged, and blasting is carried out from bottom to top in sequence until the chute is blasted through; by blasting in batches from bottom to top in the blasting holes in sequence, and blasting multiple groups of deep holes radially from the inside to the outside and from bottom to top with slight differences once, the amount of explosives for a single blast is controlled and reduced, which effectively solves the damage to the well wall and adjacent surrounding rock caused by blasting when the existing chute is blasted into a well in one go, and improves the quality of chute formation; by installing a screen on the top of the chute and casting a structural support at the bottom of the chute, the safety risk of construction workers being injured by rock collapse from the well wall is effectively solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present application, are used to provide further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute improper limitations on the present application.

[0019] in:

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structure of a chute blasting with fractional and micro-difference provided according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of CC in the embodiment shown;

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 1 DD schematic diagram in the embodiment shown;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of hole group units provided according to some embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the present application and does not limit the present application. In fact, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations may be made in the present application without departing from the scope or spirit of the present application. For example, a feature shown or described as a part of an embodiment may be used in another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the embodiments of the present invention should belong to the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] The existing chute construction usually adopts one-time blasting to form the well. The well wall and adjacent surrounding rock are affected by the blasting, which is severely damaged and the quality of the chute formation is very poor. Based on this, this application proposes a chute construction method of fractional micro-difference blasting, such as Figures 1 to 4As shown, in this construction method, first, a vertical guide hole is constructed vertically downward in the unloading chamber, and the vertical guide hole is back-drilled and expanded to form a vertical shaft section of the cutting shaft; at the same time, an inclined guide hole connected to the vertical guide hole is constructed upward in the loading chamber along an inclined direction, and the inclined guide hole is back-drilled and expanded to form an inclined shaft section of the cutting shaft. Among them, the construction of the small guide hole (vertical guide hole, inclined guide hole) is completed by rotating the reverse drilling machine clockwise, and then the reverse drilling machine is installed with a cutter head that rotates counterclockwise to complete the back-drilling and expansion to form the vertical shaft section of the cutting shaft.

[0026] Then, multiple groups of hole group units are drilled radially from the inside to the outside at different preset intervals around the cutting skylight using a deep hole trolley, and each group of hole group units includes multiple blasting holes evenly distributed in a rectangular shape around the cutting skylight. Among them, the deep hole trolley is used to drill blasting holes, and the spacing between two adjacent groups of hole group units is 1 to 1.5 meters, the center spacing between two adjacent blasting holes in each group of control group units is 300 to 750 mm, the depth is 10 to 50 meters, and the hole diameter is 90 to 150 mm.

[0027] Next, after the explosives are loaded into the blast hole by intermittent charging, the multiple groups of hole group units are blasted once in the radial order from the inside to the outside, and the vertical shaft section is detonated (from bottom to top) after the inclined shaft section is blasted to form a chute. In other words, the detonation time interval (i.e., micro-difference) of the multiple groups of hole group units is set so that the multiple groups of control group units are detonated in sequence, and the vertical shaft section is detonated after the inclined shaft section is blasted, that is, they are detonated in sequence from bottom to top. Among them, when intermittent charging is performed in the blast hole, a 2-3 meter charging spacer is used to divide the explosive column into 3-4 meter interval columns, that is, the dividing spacing between two adjacent interval columns is 3-4 meters, and a 2-3 meter long main spacer is used to divide the two adjacent interval columns; the diameter of the interval column is 50-90 mm.

[0028] In this application, millisecond delay detonating cord or electronic digital detonating cord is selected to blast from bottom to top in the blasting hole, and multiple groups of deep holes are blasted radially from inside to outside and from bottom to top with slight difference. By drilling more holes and charging less explosives, the rock action of the detonating cord is used to blast from bottom to top and from inside to outside, and the single blasting charge is controlled and reduced, and the disturbance and damage to the surrounding rock are reduced until the chute is blasted through, which effectively solves the damage to the well wall and adjacent surrounding rock caused by the blasting when the existing chute is formed by one blast, and improves the quality of the chute formation.

[0029] Finally, a structural support with an inclination of 65 to 75 degrees with the axis of the shaft section is cast at the bottom of the chute. Among them, the bottom structure construction of the structural support includes foundation casting, door tunnel construction, installation of vibrating ore-feeding machine, etc., that is, installing a vibrating ore-feeding machine in the ore-loading chamber to vibrate and load the ore falling along the chute, effectively reducing the risk of workers at the bottom of the chute being injured by rock collapse on the chute wall. At the same time, a mesh screen is installed at the top of the chute. The mesh screen is welded with 24b channel steel or rails and cast and fixed with concrete to effectively prevent large-sized ore from falling or people from falling, further improving the safety of workers at the bottom of the chute.

[0030] In this application, a chute constructed according to the above method is set up at intervals of 50 to 100 meters along the mining tunnel or the loading tunnel, and the loading chamber corresponding to the chute is supported by rigid concrete, and the chute section is not supported; a safety distance of 850 mm is left between the chute and the mining tunnel.

[0031] Through the reverse shaft construction, the skylight is cut to provide a free surface and bottom structure concrete pouring and conveying channel for subsequent deep hole blasting; by cutting multiple groups of deep holes with different preset spacings radially from the inside to the outside around the skylight, more holes are drilled and less explosives are charged, and blasting is carried out from bottom to top in sequence until the chute is blasted through; by blasting in batches from bottom to top in the blasting hole in sequence, and blasting multiple groups of deep holes radially from inside to outside and from bottom to top with slight differences once, the amount of explosives for a single blast is controlled and reduced, which effectively solves the damage to the well wall and adjacent surrounding rock caused by blasting vibration when the existing chute is blasted into a well in one time, and improves the quality of chute formation; by installing a screen on the top of the chute and pouring a structural support at the bottom of the chute, the safety risk of construction workers being injured by rock collapse from the well wall is effectively solved.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0033] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0034] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0035] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0036] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a chute by fractional and micro-difference blasting, characterized in that: include: A vertical guide hole is constructed downwardly in the unloading chamber along the vertical direction, and the vertical guide hole is back-drilled and expanded to form a vertical shaft section of the cutting shaft; at the same time, an inclined guide hole connected with the vertical guide hole is constructed upwardly in the loading chamber along the inclined direction, and the inclined guide hole is back-drilled and expanded to form an inclined shaft section of the cutting shaft; A plurality of groups of hole units are drilled radially from the inside to the outside at different preset intervals around the cutting skylight using a deep hole trolley, each group of the hole units including a plurality of blasting holes uniformly distributed in a rectangular shape around the cutting skylight; After the explosives are loaded into the blasting holes by intermittent charging, the multiple groups of hole group units are blasted once with a slight difference in order from the inside to the outside along the radial direction, and the vertical shaft section is detonated after the inclined shaft section is blasted to form a chute; A structural support is cast at the bottom of the chute with an inclination angle of 65 to 75 degrees to the axis of the vertical shaft section, and a mesh screen is installed on the top of the chute.

2. The method for constructing a chute by fractional and micro-difference blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical guide hole and the inclined guide hole are constructed clockwise by using a reverse drilling machine, and the reverse drilling and hole expansion are completed by rotating the reverse drilling machine counterclockwise.

3. The method for constructing a chute by fractional and micro-difference blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep hole trolley is used to drill the blasting hole, the depth of the blasting hole is 10 to 50 meters, and the hole diameter is 90 to 150 millimeters.

4. The method for constructing a chute by fractional and micro-difference blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent groups of hole group units is 1 to 1.5 meters, and the center distance between two adjacent blasting holes in each group of hole group units is 300 to 750 millimeters.

5. The method for constructing a chute by fractional and micro-difference blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: When intermittent charging is performed in the blasting hole, the spacing between two adjacent spaced charge columns is 3 to 4 meters, and a 2 to 3 meter long charging spacer is used to separate the two adjacent spaced charge columns, and the blasting is performed in batches from bottom to top; wherein the diameter of the spaced charge columns is 50 to 90 mm.

6. The method for constructing a chute by fractional and micro-difference blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesh screen installed on the top of the chute is cast and fixed with concrete; and / or, A vibrating ore-draining machine is installed at one end of the structural support away from the chute.

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