Karst development depth characteristic analysis method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of karst research and analysis, in particular to a karst development depth characteristic analysis method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining rock in a karst region as a rock test sample for karst development depth characteristic analysis; performing experimental test analysis on the rock test sample to obtain microscopic development characteristics of rock in the karst area; performing field test analysis on the rock in the karst area to obtain macroscopic development characteristics of the rock in the karst area; and analyzing the karst development depth characteristics in combination with the microscopic development characteristics and the macroscopic development characteristics. According to the method, the rock in the karst area is studied from the two aspects of experimental test analysis and field test analysis, the microscopic development characteristics and the macroscopic development characteristics of the rock in the karst area are obtained respectively, and then the karst development depth characteristics of the karst area are analyzed; and the geological stability can be evaluated, so that a scientific basis is provided for guaranteeing the safety of underground engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of karst research and analysis, and in particular to a method and system for analyzing the depth characteristics of karst development. Background Art

[0002] The factors that affect the development of karst are complex. Karst is the result of the combined effects of multiple factors, including unique stratigraphic lithology, complex geological structure, long geomorphic evolution history, changeable climate, and rich hydrological conditions. In previous studies, it is generally believed that geological structure, stratigraphic lithology, and hydrogeological conditions are the dominant factors controlling the development of karst. In particular, geological structure has a crucial influence on the development of regional karst. With the deepening of research, the direction of karst research has gradually changed from the exploration of local karst phenomena and their characteristics in the past to the regional analysis and research of karst development laws in a larger area today, in order to more comprehensively reveal the deep characteristics of karst development.

[0003] Overall, although the research on karst development started early and there are many research results, karst development is an extremely complex process. Previous studies still lack understanding of the degree of influence of various influencing factors on karst development under different conditions. More research should be done on the analysis of controlling factors in the study of special regional karst development depths to provide a more scientific basis for the rational development of geological resources and environmental protection.

[0004] From the perspectives of experimental tests and field tests, the present invention reveals the depth development characteristics of karst in the microstructure and macrostructure of the study area, and conducts a comprehensive analysis of the depth characteristics of karst development in combination with the microdevelopment characteristics and macrodevelopment characteristics, providing data support and technical support for the karst development characteristics, and providing a scientific basis for evaluating the stability of geology in karst areas. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and system for analyzing the depth characteristics of karst development.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, in the first aspect, the present invention provides a method for analyzing the depth characteristics of karst development, the method comprising the following steps: obtaining rocks in karst areas as rock test samples for the analysis of the depth characteristics of karst development; conducting experimental test analysis on the rock test samples to obtain the microscopic development characteristics of the rocks in the karst areas; obtaining the macroscopic development characteristics of the rocks in the karst areas based on field test analysis of the rocks in the karst areas; and analyzing the depth characteristics of karst development in combination with the microscopic development characteristics and the macroscopic development characteristics. The present invention obtains rock samples in karst areas, combines experimental test analysis with field test analysis, and comprehensively reveals the depth characteristics of karst development; not only improves the accuracy of analysis, but also deepens the understanding of the karst development process; by combining microscopic development characteristics with macroscopic development characteristics, it is possible to more accurately evaluate the karst development status, provide a scientific basis for the fields of geological engineering, water resources management, and environmental protection, and help to prevent the disaster risks of karst geology in advance.

[0007] Optionally, the obtaining of rocks in karst areas as rock test samples for the karst development depth characteristic analysis includes: preprocessing the rocks in the karst areas to obtain cylindrical rock samples, cubic rock samples and rock powder rock samples, and the cylindrical rock samples, cubic rock samples and rock powder rock samples are used as the rock test samples. The present invention preprocesses the rocks in the karst areas into cylindrical rock samples, cubic rock samples and rock powder rock samples as test samples, which improves the diversity and representativeness of the test samples, is conducive to the comprehensive analysis of the physical and chemical properties of rocks and the karst development characteristics, and provides reliable test sample materials for subsequent experimental test analysis.

[0008] Optionally, the cylindrical rock sample comprises: in, is the average natural density of cylindrical rock samples, is the number of cylindrical rock samples, is the traversal count, For the The mass of a cylindrical rock sample, For the The height of the cylindrical rock sample, For the The present invention calculates the natural density of cylindrical rock samples, which helps to understand the compactness and pore distribution of the internal structure of the rock, provides data support for analyzing the microscopic mechanism and depth characteristics of karst development, and improves the accuracy and scientificity of the analysis results.

[0009] Optionally, the experimental test and analysis of the rock test sample to obtain the microscopic development characteristics of the rock in the karst area includes: obtaining the physical performance parameters of the rock in the karst area based on the experimental test and analysis of the cylindrical rock sample; obtaining the microscopic morphological characteristics of the rock in the karst area based on the experimental observation and analysis of the cubic rock sample; and obtaining the element content and mineral content of the rock in the karst area based on the experimental test of the rock powder rock sample. The present invention comprehensively obtains the physical performance parameters, microscopic morphological characteristics and element and mineral composition contents of the rock in the karst area by performing experimental test and analysis on cylindrical rock samples, cubic rock samples and rock powder rock samples, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the analysis results, providing detailed data support for in-depth revelation of the karst development mechanism and its depth characteristics, and providing a scientific basis for decision-making in the fields of geological engineering and environmental protection.

[0010] Optionally, the physical property parameters of the rock in the karst area obtained based on experimental testing and analysis of the cylindrical rock sample include: in, is the porosity of the rock, is the total volume of rock pores, is the volume of the rock, is the mass of the cylindrical rock sample in the saturated state, is the mass of the cylindrical rock sample in the dried state, The present invention calculates the porosity of cylindrical rock samples, which can accurately reflect the internal spatial structure characteristics of rocks in the study of karst development depth characteristics, and provides key parameter support for analyzing karst development conditions and evaluating groundwater storage capacity.

[0011] Optionally, the physical property parameters of the rock in the karst area obtained based on experimental testing and analysis of the cylindrical rock sample include: in, is the permeability of the cylindrical rock sample, A parameter that describes how fast the gas pressure difference changes. is the dynamic viscosity of the gas, is the compressibility coefficient of the gas, is the height of the cylindrical rock sample, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the cylindrical rock sample, is the volume of the upstream container, is the volume of the downstream container, for The gas pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the cylindrical rock sample at the moment, For time, for The present invention calculates the permeability of cylindrical rock samples, can accurately evaluate the water permeability of rocks in karst areas, and provides important parameter basis for analyzing the depth characteristics of karst development and groundwater runoff.

[0012] Optionally, the macroscopic development characteristics of the rocks in the karst area obtained based on field test analysis of the rocks in the karst area include: based on the on-site drilling test, the occurrence analysis of the interior of the rocks in the karst area is carried out to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of the rock mass; based on the on-site drilling test, the interior of the rocks in the karst area is detected to obtain the distribution of the rock medium structure; based on the on-site drilling test, the interior of the rocks in the karst area is analyzed to obtain the rock mass structure characteristics. Through on-site drilling tests, the present invention comprehensively analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics, medium structure distribution and rock mass structure characteristics of rocks in karst areas, provides an intuitive basis for studying and analyzing the depth characteristics of karst development, and provides scientific and technological support for evaluating geological stability and ensuring engineering safety.

[0013] Optionally, the detecting the interior of the rock in the karst area according to the on-site drilling test to obtain the rock medium structure distribution includes: in, is the transmission power, is the received power, is the antenna gain, is the wavelength of the radar wave in the medium, is the reflectivity of the underground target, is the scattering surface cross section of the underground target, is the energy loss of radar waves from transmission to reception, is the depth of the underground target body, The present invention can accurately quantify the energy output of the borehole geological radar when detecting the structural distribution of rock medium in karst areas through the transmission power expression of the borehole geological radar, optimize the detection parameters, improve the detection accuracy and depth, and provide reliable data support for accurately revealing the depth characteristics of karst development.

[0014] Optionally, the karst development depth characteristics are analyzed in combination with the microscopic development characteristics and the macroscopic development characteristics, including: analyzing the microscopic development characteristics to obtain the microscopic development depth characteristics of the rocks in the karst area; analyzing the macroscopic development characteristics to obtain the macroscopic development depth characteristics of the rocks in the karst area; analyzing the karst development depth characteristics based on the microscopic development depth characteristics and the macroscopic development depth characteristics. The present invention combines the analysis of microscopic development characteristics with the analysis of macroscopic development characteristics to comprehensively reveal the development depth characteristics of rocks in karst areas, providing a new technical perspective for studying and analyzing karst development characteristics, further helping to assess the degree of influence of karst development on geological stability, and providing scientific technical support for geological disaster prevention and engineering construction planning.

[0015] In the second aspect, the present invention provides a karst development depth feature analysis system, the system executes the karst development depth feature analysis method provided by the present invention, the system includes an input device, an output device, a processor and a memory, and its gain lies in: the hardware facilities integrated by the present invention have excellent performance, the input device, the output device, the processor and the memory are interconnected, the information transmission between the various components is smooth, and an efficient information processing system is constructed through the interaction of multiple hardware facilities. The present invention conducts experimental test analysis and field test analysis on rocks in karst areas, respectively revealing the development characteristics of these rocks at the microscopic level and the macroscopic level. On this basis, the development depth characteristics of karst in karst areas are further explored, which further contributes to the assessment of geological stability and provides scientific technical support for the safety of underground engineering construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A flow chart of a karst development depth characteristic analysis method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 The present invention is a framework diagram of a karst development depth characteristic analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are only for illustration and are not intended to limit the present invention. In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art that these specific details do not need to be adopted to implement the present invention. In other examples, in order to avoid confusing the present invention, known circuits, software or methods are not specifically described.

[0018] Throughout the specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment or example. In addition, particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any suitable combination and / or subcombination. In addition, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the figures provided herein are for illustrative purposes and that the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0019] See also Figure 1 An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for analyzing karst development depth characteristics, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain rocks from karst areas as rock test samples for analyzing the depth characteristics of karst development.

[0020] Specifically, the rocks in the karst area are numbered as ZK series rock samples, Q series rock samples and F series rock samples.

[0021] Among them, S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11. Obtain a cylindrical rock sample based on the pretreatment of the ZK series rock samples.

[0022] Specifically, a rock coring machine is used to drill a cylindrical rock sample from the ZK series rock samples, an automatic stone cutter is used to cut both ends of the cylindrical rock sample, and an end grinder is used to grind the end surface of the cylindrical sample to obtain the cylindrical rock specimen.

[0023] The mass of the cylindrical rock samples is measured using an electronic scale, and the diameter and height of the cylindrical rock samples are measured using a vernier caliper. The number of the cylindrical rock samples is 20.

[0024] Further, the natural density of the cylindrical rock sample is calculated based on the measured mass, diameter and height of the cylindrical rock sample, including: in, is the average natural density of cylindrical rock samples, is the number of cylindrical rock samples, is the traversal count, For the The mass of a cylindrical rock sample, For the The height of the cylindrical rock sample, For the The diameter of a cylindrical rock sample.

[0025] In this embodiment, the measurement results of the mass, diameter and height of the cylindrical rock sample and the calculation results of the natural density of the cylindrical rock sample are shown in Table 1: Table 1 S12. Obtain cubic rock samples based on the pretreatment of the Q series rock samples.

[0026] Specifically, the Q series rock samples are cut and processed by an automatic stone cutter to obtain cubic rock samples, and the cubic rock samples are grinded by an end grinder to obtain the cubic rock specimens.

[0027] Among them, the side length of the cubic rock sample is 10 mm, and the number of the cubic rock samples is 25.

[0028] S13. Obtain rock powder rock samples based on the pretreatment of the F series rock samples.

[0029] Specifically, the F series rock samples are ground using a crusher to obtain powdered rock samples, which are then screened using a sieve to obtain powdered rock samples of a desired particle size, and a magnet is used to remove iron impurities in the powdered rock samples to obtain the rock powder rock sample.

[0030] Among them, the particle size of the rock powder rock sample is 200 mesh, and the number of the rock powder rock samples is 50.

[0031] S2. Conducting experimental testing and analysis on the rock test samples to obtain the microscopic development characteristics of the rocks in the karst area.

[0032] Among them, S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21. Based on experimental testing and analysis of the cylindrical rock samples, physical property parameters of the rocks in the karst area are obtained.

[0033] Among them, S21 specifically includes the following steps: S211. Rock porosity test: calculating the porosity of the cylindrical rock sample.

[0034] Specifically, a vernier caliper is used to measure the diameter and height of the cylindrical rock sample, and then the volume of the cylindrical rock sample is calculated.

[0035] More specifically, the cylindrical rock sample is placed in a porosity measuring device to ensure that the cylindrical rock sample is completely immersed in distilled water, and a vacuum pump is used to extract air to saturate the cylindrical rock sample in the distilled water. After saturation, the cylindrical rock sample is placed on an electronic scale for weighing to obtain the mass of the cylindrical rock sample in the saturated state.

[0036] The time for the cylindrical rock sample to be saturated in distilled water is 24 hours, and the mass of the cylindrical rock sample in the saturated state is recorded as m1.

[0037] Furthermore, the cylindrical rock sample in the saturated state is placed in a constant temperature box for drying to obtain a cylindrical rock sample in a dried state, and an electronic scale is used to obtain the mass of the cylindrical rock sample in the dried state.

[0038] The temperature of the thermostatic box is set to 105°C, the drying time in the thermostatic box is 24 hours, and the mass of the cylindrical rock sample in the dried state is recorded as m2.

[0039] Furthermore, the porosity of the cylindrical rock sample is calculated based on the difference between the mass of the cylindrical rock sample in a saturated state and a dry state, comprising: in, is the porosity of the rock, is the total volume of rock pores, is the volume of the rock, is the mass of the cylindrical rock sample in the saturated state, is the mass of the cylindrical rock sample in the dried state, is the density of water.

[0040] In this embodiment, the density and porosity calculation results of the cylindrical rock sample in the saturated state and the dry state are shown in Table 2: Table 2 S212: rock permeability test, calculating the permeability of the cylindrical rock sample.

[0041] Specifically, first check the rock permeability measuring device to ensure that the device is correctly connected and has no leakage, then place a cylindrical rock sample in a saturated state into the rock permeability measuring device, apply a confining pressure to the cylindrical rock sample to reach a specific value, and fully consider the deformation process of the skeleton and pore structure of the cylindrical rock sample.

[0042] Wherein, the confining pressure applied reaches a specific value and is maintained for 6 to 8 hours.

[0043] More specifically, when the deformation process is stabilized, gas is injected into the rock permeability measuring device so that the upstream gas pressure and the downstream gas pressure of the cylindrical rock sample are equal; the cylindrical rock sample is saturated to eliminate the influence of the air in the cylindrical rock sample on the gas permeability; the main valve of the rock permeability measuring device is closed to stop the gas supply, and the gas in the downstream is discharged so that the pressure difference between the upstream gas pressure and the downstream gas pressure reaches 0.0689MPa~0.2067Mpa.

[0044] Furthermore, the upstream valve and the downstream valve of the permeability measuring device are opened to start gas permeation. During the gas permeation process, the upstream gas pressure decreases and the downstream gas pressure increases. When the pressure difference decreases to a certain value, the test is stopped and the test data during the gas permeation process is recorded.

[0045] Furthermore, the permeability of the cylindrical rock sample is calculated based on the test data during the gas permeation process, including: in, is the permeability of the cylindrical rock sample, A parameter that describes how fast the gas pressure difference changes. is the dynamic viscosity of the gas, is the compressibility coefficient of the gas, is the height of the cylindrical rock sample, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the cylindrical rock sample, is the volume of the upstream container, is the volume of the downstream container, for The gas pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the cylindrical rock sample at the moment, For time, for The gas pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the cylindrical rock sample at the moment.

[0046] In this embodiment, the permeability calculation results of the cylindrical rock sample are shown in Table 3: Table 3 It should be noted that 1D=10 3 mD=10 6 μD=10 9nD, D represents permeability Darcy, mD represents millidarcy, μD represents microdarcy, and nD represents nanodarcy.

[0047] S213. Rock thermal property test, calculating the thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient and specific heat of the cylindrical rock sample.

[0048] In this embodiment, a laser scanning thermal conductivity meter is used to measure the thermal conductivity of the cylindrical rock sample.

[0049] Specifically, the laser scanning thermal conductivity meter is used to instantaneously emit a beam of laser pulses to uniformly irradiate the lower surface of the cylindrical rock sample. After the lower surface of the cylindrical rock sample absorbs light energy, the temperature rises instantaneously, so that the lower surface acts as a hot end and transmits energy to the upper surface of the cylindrical rock sample in a one-dimensional heat conduction manner.

[0050] Furthermore, an infrared detector is used to continuously measure the temperature rise process of the central part of the upper surface of the cylindrical rock sample, thereby obtaining a temperature-time relationship curve, and the temperature-time relationship curve is calculated and corrected using a mathematical model of a computer processor, thereby obtaining the thermal conductivity of the cylindrical rock sample based on the computer processor.

[0051] In this embodiment, the thermal expansion coefficient of the cylindrical rock sample is measured using a rock anisotropic thermal expansion coefficient tester.

[0052] Specifically, the cylindrical rock sample is heated by the heating furnace chamber of the rock anisotropic thermal expansion coefficient tester, and the axial strain of the cylindrical rock sample is measured and recorded by the computer control system of the rock anisotropic thermal expansion coefficient tester, so as to obtain the thermal expansion coefficient of the cylindrical rock sample by using a computer processor.

[0053] In this embodiment, a differential scanning calorimeter is used to measure the specific heat of the cylindrical rock sample, and the differential scanning calorimeter characterizes the physical change process of the cylindrical rock sample by measuring the change of the thermodynamic properties of the cylindrical rock sample.

[0054] Specifically, under the condition of controlling the same temperature, the differential scanning calorimeter is used to record the heat difference between the cylindrical rock sample and the reference material, and then the specific heat of the cylindrical rock sample is obtained through a computer processor.

[0055] In this embodiment, the thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient and specific heat of the cylindrical rock sample are obtained through rock thermal property tests. The test results are shown in Table 4: Table 4 S22. Obtain the microscopic morphological characteristics of the rocks in the karst area based on experimental observation and analysis of the cubic rock samples.

[0056] In this embodiment, a scanning electron microscope is used to observe the microscopic morphological characteristics of the cubic rock sample.

[0057] Among them, the scanning electron microscope is an observation method between the transmission electron microscope and the optical microscope. It uses a high-energy electron beam to scan the cubic rock sample, and stimulates the physical information of the cubic rock sample through the interaction between the light beam and the cubic rock sample. The physical information is collected, amplified, and re-imaged to characterize the microscopic morphological characteristics of the cubic rock sample.

[0058] Specifically, the cube rock sample is placed in an oven for drying.

[0059] The temperature of the oven is set to 70° C., and the drying time is 24 hours.

[0060] Furthermore, the scanning electron microscope is used to observe the dried cubic rock sample to obtain the microscopic morphological characteristics.

[0061] S23. Obtain the element content and mineral content of the rock in the karst area by conducting experimental tests on the rock powder rock sample.

[0062] Wherein, S23 specifically includes the following steps: S231. Obtain the composition and content of major elements and trace elements of the rock powder rock sample based on rock geochemical testing.

[0063] In this embodiment, based on the rock and soil major element testing equipment, the composition and content of the major elements of the rock powder rock sample are determined using the X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy method.

[0064] Specifically, the rock powder rock sample is ground using a mortar, and auxiliary materials are added to make small pressed tablets for testing.

[0065] Wherein, the reference standard for grinding the rock powder rock sample is 75 μm.

[0066] Furthermore, when the rock powder sample is stimulated by external factors, various elements therein will emit characteristic X-rays, the wavelength or energy of the characteristic X-rays is proportional to the atomic number of the excited elements, thereby obtaining the composition of the major elements of the rock powder sample; the intensity of the characteristic X-rays is proportional to the content of the excited elements, thereby obtaining the content of the major elements of the rock powder sample.

[0067] In this embodiment, based on the rock and soil trace element testing equipment, the composition and content of the trace elements of the rock powder rock sample are measured using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method.

[0068] Specifically, plasma is used as an ion source for mass spectrometry analysis. After the rock powder and rock sample are ionized in the ion source, various positively charged ions are generated, and under the action of an accelerating electric field, a particle beam is formed and injected into a mass analyzer.

[0069] Furthermore, in the mass analyzer, ions of different mass-to-charge ratios are separated under the action of a magnetic field, a mass spectrum is obtained by a recording system, and a computer processor is used to perform a qualitative analysis on the position of each spectral line on the mass spectrum and the corresponding ion charge number. Based on the ion charge number, a quantitative analysis is performed on the corresponding ion intensity to obtain the composition and content of the trace elements in the rock powder rock sample.

[0070] S232. Obtain the composition and content of the main minerals of the rock powder rock sample based on the rock XRD diffraction test.

[0071] In this embodiment, an X-ray diffractometer is used to analyze the main mineral components of the rock powder rock sample.

[0072] Specifically, the rock powder rock sample is placed in a sample slot, the test slot is placed in the center of a spectrometer, the rock powder rock sample is irradiated with X-rays, and the diffraction angles and intensities of different diffraction lines are recorded.

[0073] Furthermore, an X-ray diffraction spectrum is constructed based on the diffraction angles and intensities of the different diffraction lines, and the diffraction spectrum is analyzed by a computer processor to analyze the rock powder rock sample to obtain the main mineral components and contents.

[0074] It should be noted that the XRD diffraction test identifies the phase composition of crystalline materials based on the diffraction characteristics of crystalline materials to X-rays; each crystalline material has its own unique chemical composition and crystal structure, and there are differences in the unit cell size, particle type, and arrangement of any two crystalline materials. Diffraction occurs when the wavelength of X-rays is roughly equivalent to the crystal plane spacing; therefore, when X-rays are diffracted by crystals, each crystalline material has a unique diffraction pattern, and the relative intensity of each diffraction crystal plane spacing and the diffraction line is used to characterize the characteristics of the crystalline material.

[0075] Among them, the interplanar spacing is related to the shape and size of the unit cell, and the relative intensity is related to the type of particles and their position in the unit cell; therefore, the interplanar spacing and relative intensity in the diffraction data of any crystalline material are inevitable reflections of the crystal structure, and the physical phase of the crystalline material is identified based on the crystal diffraction data results.

[0076] S3. Based on field testing and analysis of the rocks in the karst area, macroscopic development characteristics of the rocks in the karst area are obtained.

[0077] Among them, S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31. Based on the on-site drilling test, the internal occurrence of the rock in the karst area is analyzed to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of the rock mass.

[0078] In this embodiment, an optical imaging test method is used to analyze the internal occurrence of rocks in the karst area.

[0079] Specifically, a suitable exploration point is selected in a karst area to perform drilling, and a digital panoramic drilling camera system is used to analyze the occurrence of rock formations inside the borehole.

[0080] It should be noted that the digital panoramic borehole camera system possesses electronic technology, video technology, digital technology and computer application technology, and can perform disturbance-free in-situ video recording and analysis of the borehole wall from a panoramic perspective, avoiding the disturbance effects of coring, and can accurately ascertain the structural surface conditions inside the borehole, reflecting in detail the occurrence of rock formations inside the borehole.

[0081] Furthermore, based on the digital panoramic borehole camera system, a panoramic image of the borehole wall is obtained, and a computer processor is used to analyze the panoramic image inside the borehole to obtain a plane expansion map and a three-dimensional core map of the borehole wall, and then the crack distribution of the borehole wall is obtained, as shown in Table 5: Table 5 S32. Detect the interior of the rock in the karst area based on the on-site drilling test to obtain the distribution of rock medium structure.

[0082] In this embodiment, a borehole radar test method is used to detect the interior of the rock in the karst area.

[0083] Specifically, a suitable exploration point is selected in the karst area to drill a hole, a borehole geological radar is used to detect the borehole, and a computer processor is used to collect data.

[0084] There are three boreholes, with depths of 163m, 66m and 145m respectively.

[0085] Furthermore, the borehole geological radar uses one antenna to transmit high-frequency broadband electromagnetic waves, and another antenna to receive the transmitted waves from the underground rock medium; the propagation of radar waves is affected by the electromagnetic properties and geometric shape of the rock, and the intensity and waveform of the electromagnetic waves at the receiving end will change; therefore, the structural distribution of the underground rock medium is obtained based on the two-way travel time, amplitude and waveform data of the electromagnetic waves at the receiving end.

[0086] In this embodiment, the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna of the borehole geological radar are placed in the same borehole with a fixed spacing; when there is a poor geological body in the rock mass, the electrical properties of the poor geological body and the surrounding rock mass are greatly different, which easily forms a strong reflected wave.

[0087] Specifically, the intensity of the reflected wave is related to the reflection coefficient of the interface and the degree of wave absorption of the penetrating medium. Generally, the greater the difference in electromagnetic parameters of the medium, the greater the reflection coefficient, and thus the greater the energy of the reflected wave, satisfying the following relationship: in, is the transmission power, is the received power, is the antenna gain, is the wavelength of the radar wave in the medium, is the reflectivity of the underground target, is the scattering surface cross section of the underground target, is the energy loss of radar waves from transmission to reception, is the depth of the underground target body, is the soil attenuation rate.

[0088] S33. Analyze the interior of the rock in the karst area according to the on-site drilling test to obtain rock structure characteristics.

[0089] In this embodiment, the borehole acoustic wave testing method is used to analyze the interior of the rock in the karst area.

[0090] Specifically, a suitable exploration point is selected in the karst area to drill a hole, and a multi-frequency ultrasonic comprehensive scanning detection system is used in the hole to collect and analyze data of the hole.

[0091] There are three boreholes in total, each with a depth of 83m.

[0092] Furthermore, the in-hole multi-frequency ultrasonic comprehensive scanning detection system mainly utilizes the reflection characteristics of the sound wave pulses to reflect the rock structure characteristics inside the borehole surrounding rock, and achieves structural scanning of the interior of the rock in the karst area to obtain the rock structure characteristics by adopting a technical method that combines a directional sound wave transducer probe, a rotating device and a positioning device.

[0093] S4. Analyze the karst development depth characteristics in combination with the microscopic development characteristics and the macroscopic development characteristics.

[0094] Wherein, S4 specifically includes the following steps: S41. Analyze the microscopic development characteristics to obtain the microscopic development depth characteristics of the rocks in the karst area.

[0095] In this embodiment, the physical performance parameters, microscopic morphological characteristics, element content and mineral content of the rock are obtained based on the experimental test analysis of the rock test sample. The microscopic development characteristics of karst are jointly affected by multiple factors. Although soluble rock is the material basis for the development of karst, the solubility of rock is not enough to develop into karst landforms. Rocks are soluble and permeable. Under the action of groundwater under certain conditions, strong karst can usually be produced. On a smaller scale, the permeability of soluble rocks depends on the primary pores and secondary pores of the rock. Compared with the primary pores, the secondary pores of the rock have a significantly greater impact on its permeability. Due to the relatively low water pressure gradient in the rock, groundwater is not easy to flow between the smaller-scale primary pores with poor connectivity. Most of the groundwater in carbonate rocks migrates through secondary pores, that is, secondary pores are the basis for the expansion of karst space in carbonate rocks and are an important factor affecting the development of karst in carbonate rocks.

[0096] S42. Analyze the macroscopic development characteristics to obtain macroscopic development depth characteristics of the rocks in the karst area.

[0097] In this embodiment, based on the comprehensive detection of three technologies, namely, optical imaging test, borehole radar test and borehole acoustic wave test, the comprehensive analysis and mutual verification of the research results of multiple borehole detection methods are conducive to eliminating interference and improving the confidence of the analysis results. The distribution of hole wall dissolution cracks under different depth conditions is uneven, some are relatively dense, and some are basically absent. On the whole, the shallow part mainly develops horizontal and vertical linear dissolution cracks. At the same time, the comprehensive geophysical prospecting technology and drilling results reveal that the characteristics of karst development in karst areas are mainly shallow vertical dissolution cracks. The karst development degree of the rock layer gradually weakens with the increase of depth. The deep karst mainly develops along the fault zone or karst fracture zone.

[0098] S43. Analyze the karst development depth characteristics based on the microscopic development depth characteristics and the macroscopic development depth characteristics.

[0099] In this embodiment, the microscopic development characteristics of the rocks in the karst area are obtained based on experimental test analysis, and the macroscopic development characteristics of the rocks in the karst area are obtained based on field test analysis, so as to analyze the development depth characteristics of karst in the karst area.

[0100] Specifically, the tectonic stress during the geological tectonic movement is the main cause of cracks in rocks. The geological structure has an important influence on the permeability of rocks and the flow of groundwater. The geological structure has an extremely important influence on the development of regional karst. Secondary pores are the basis for the spatial expansion of karst in carbonate rocks and are an important factor affecting the development of karst in carbonate rocks. The distribution of pore wall dissolution cracks at different depths is uneven. The pore structure development in local depth sections is relatively dense, and the pore structure development in local depth sections is relatively sparse. In the overall region, the shallow part mainly develops horizontal and vertical linear dissolution cracks. The characteristics of karst development are mainly the development of vertical dissolution cracks in the shallow part, and deep karst mainly develops along fault zones or karst fracture zones. Combined with on-site drilling data, the research and analysis results show that the poor geological bodies are mainly soil caves, karst caves and fault fracture zones.

[0101] See also Figure 2 In an optional embodiment, in order to efficiently execute a karst development depth characteristic analysis method provided by the present invention, the present invention provides a karst development depth characteristic analysis system, the system includes an input device, an output device, a processor and a memory, the hardware facilities are interconnected, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program includes program instructions, and the processor is configured to call the program instructions to execute the specific steps of the relevant embodiments of the karst development depth characteristic analysis method provided by the present invention. The karst development depth characteristic analysis system provided by the present invention has a complete structure, objective and stable, and can efficiently execute the karst development depth characteristic analysis method provided by the present invention, thereby improving the overall applicability and practical application ability of the present invention.

[0102] In summary, the method and system for analyzing the depth characteristics of karst development provided by the method of the present invention, which combines experimental test analysis with field test analysis, deeply studies the microscopic and macroscopic development characteristics of rocks in karst areas, and conducts a comprehensive analysis of the depth characteristics of karst development, providing an important basis for evaluating geological stability, thereby helping to ensure the safety of underground engineering. The method of the present invention is easy to understand, simple in calculation, small in workload, and convenient for engineering application, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the further development of the field of karst research and analysis technology.

[0103] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing karst development depth characteristics, characterized in that: The steps include: Obtaining rocks from karst areas as rock test samples for analyzing the depth characteristics of karst development; Conducting experimental testing and analysis on the rock test samples to obtain the microscopic development characteristics of the rocks in the karst area; Based on the field test analysis of the rocks in the karst area, the macroscopic development characteristics of the rocks in the karst area are obtained; The karst development depth characteristics are analyzed in combination with the microscopic development characteristics and the macroscopic development characteristics.

2. The karst development depth characteristic analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining rocks in the karst area as rock test samples for analyzing the karst development depth characteristics comprises: The karst area rocks are pre-processed to obtain cylindrical rock samples, cubic rock samples and rock powder rock samples, and the cylindrical rock samples, cubic rock samples and rock powder rock samples are used as the rock test samples.

3. The karst development depth characteristic analysis method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cylindrical rock sample comprises: in, is the average natural density of cylindrical rock samples, is the number of cylindrical rock samples, is the traversal count, For the The mass of a cylindrical rock sample, For the The height of the cylindrical rock sample, For the The diameter of a cylindrical rock sample.

4. The karst development depth characteristic analysis method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microscopic development characteristics of the rock in the karst area are obtained by performing experimental testing and analysis on the rock test samples, including: Based on the experimental test and analysis of the cylindrical rock sample, the physical property parameters of the rock in the karst area are obtained; The microscopic morphological characteristics of the rock in the karst area are obtained by experimental observation and analysis of the cubic rock sample; The element content and mineral content of the rock in the karst area are obtained by experimentally testing the rock powder rock samples.

5. The karst development depth characteristic analysis method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The physical property parameters of the rock in the karst area obtained based on the experimental test and analysis of the cylindrical rock sample include: in, is the porosity of the rock, is the total volume of rock pores, is the volume of the rock, is the mass of the cylindrical rock sample in the saturated state, is the mass of the cylindrical rock sample in the dried state, is the density of water.

6. The karst development depth characteristic analysis method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The physical property parameters of the rock in the karst area obtained based on the experimental test and analysis of the cylindrical rock sample include: in, is the permeability of the cylindrical rock sample, A parameter that describes how fast the gas pressure difference changes. is the dynamic viscosity of the gas, is the compressibility coefficient of the gas, is the height of the cylindrical rock sample, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the cylindrical rock sample, is the volume of the upstream container, is the volume of the downstream container, for The gas pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the cylindrical rock sample at the moment, For time, for Gas pressure difference upstream and downstream of the cylindrical rock sample at time instant.

7. The karst development depth characteristic analysis method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The macroscopic development characteristics of the rocks in the karst area obtained based on field testing and analysis of the rocks in the karst area include: Based on the on-site drilling test, the internal occurrence of the rock in the karst area is analyzed to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of the rock mass; Probing the interior of the rock in the karst area according to the on-site drilling test to obtain the distribution of rock medium structure; According to the on-site drilling test, the interior of the rock in the karst area is analyzed to obtain the rock structure characteristics.

8. The karst development depth characteristic analysis method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method of detecting the interior of the rock in the karst area according to the on-site drilling test to obtain the rock medium structure distribution includes: in, is the transmission power, is the received power, is the antenna gain, is the wavelength of the radar wave in the medium, is the reflectivity of the underground target, is the scattering surface cross section of the underground target, is the energy loss of radar waves from transmission to reception, is the depth of the underground target body, is the soil attenuation rate.

9. The karst development depth characteristic analysis method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The analyzing the karst development depth characteristics in combination with the microscopic development characteristics and the macroscopic development characteristics includes: Analyzing the microscopic development characteristics to obtain microscopic development depth characteristics of the rocks in the karst area; Analyzing the macroscopic development characteristics to obtain macroscopic development depth characteristics of the rocks in the karst area; The karst development depth characteristics are analyzed based on the microscopic development depth characteristics and the macroscopic development depth characteristics.

10. A karst development depth characteristic analysis system, characterized in that: The system includes an input device, an output device, a processor and a memory, wherein the input device, the output device, the processor and the memory are interconnected, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program includes program instructions, and the processor is configured to call the program instructions to execute the karst development depth characteristic analysis method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images