Well site fracturing dynamic analysis method based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention discloses a well site fracturing dynamic analysis method based on the Internet of Things. The well site fracturing dynamic analysis method comprises the following steps that fracturing site real-time data is transmitted back; the fracturing process is monitored in real time; wellbore fluid flow state simulation analysis; crack simulation is carried out; performing multi-well crack simulation comparative analysis; based on a grid contour line generation and filling algorithm, a target layer top surface structure map is generated, well points and fractures are projected to the oil reservoir target layer top surface structure map, the distribution situation of the multi-well fractures in an oil reservoir is displayed, area, distance and other measurement tools are provided, the overall condition of fracturing transformation is subjected to multi-dimensional statistical analysis, and fracture design is assisted. The real-time data of the fracturing site are transmitted back based on the Internet of Things, so that various data in the well site fracturing process can be collected and transmitted to the data center in real time; a fracturing well site scene is set up through the digital twinning technology, and the efficiency and safety of construction operation are improved; the accuracy of predicting the distribution of the fracture network can be improved, the fracturing design is optimized, and the oil and gas recovery efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of petroleum fracturing, and in particular to a well site fracturing dynamic analysis method based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] Oilfield fracturing and transformation operations have become the main means of oil and gas field development to increase reserves and production, but there are still some problems that restrict fracturing operations from improving efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring safety. For example, during the operation, professional and technical personnel only rely on construction curves and related geological charts to make decisions, and the overall situation of the construction site, the internal conditions of the wellbore, the extension of formation fractures and other key information are completely "invisible", making it difficult to break the "space" limitation of the operation. Therefore, the present invention proposes a well site fracturing dynamic analysis method based on the Internet of Things to improve the efficiency of oilfield fracturing and transformation operations. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a well site fracturing dynamic analysis method based on the Internet of Things, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A well site fracturing dynamic analysis method based on the Internet of Things comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step S100, real-time data transmission at the fracturing site: using sensors to collect real-time data of fracturing site equipment and production, based on the basic conditions at the fracturing well site and the existing network environment, remote transmission, management and application of fracturing data are completed through a broadcast communication mode;

[0007] Step S200, real-time monitoring of the fracturing process: Use digital twin technology to build a fracturing well site scene, practice the construction design in a 3D preview analysis system, and preview the construction plan in advance. While verifying the rationality of the design, it can effectively improve the efficiency of the construction operation and effectively reduce the potential safety hazards of the operation, and realize equipment status monitoring, fault warning, and maintenance reminder functions;

[0008] Step S300, simulation analysis of wellbore fluid flow state: construct a digital wellbore according to the well trajectory, distinguish the pre-fluid, sand-carrying fluid, and post-fluid in the wellbore, construct a digital twin of the fracturing operation, write dynamic position algorithms for different types of liquids, and drive the simulation of the wellbore fluid flow state with real-time data, focusing on the dynamic display of the two key parameters of the dynamic position of the sand-carrying fluid and the sand concentration, and simulating the flow state of various fluids in the wellbore during the fracturing construction in real time to assist on-site technicians in making correct decisions;

[0009] Step S400, fracture simulation: Based on the fractal three-dimensional tree IFS generation algorithm, simulate the expansion and extension law of the fracture geometry, and display the changes in the fracture morphology in different colors; according to the Gaussian mixture model, simulate the migration and deposition process of the proppant in the fracture space, and display the changes in the proppant concentration at different positions in different colors; establish a fracture morphology generation model and a visualization model of the three-dimensional scene, convert the three-dimensional model into a two-dimensional plane perspective projection map after a certain transformation, color it according to the custom color regulations, and finally generate a simulation file;

[0010] Step S500, multi-well fracture simulation comparative analysis: Based on the grid-based contour line generation and filling algorithm, a top surface structural map of the target layer is generated, and the well points and fractures are projected onto the top surface structural map of the target layer of the reservoir to display the distribution of multi-well fractures in the reservoir, and measurement tools such as area and distance are provided to perform multi-dimensional statistical analysis of the overall status of fracturing transformation and assist in fracture design.

[0011] In some specific embodiments, the steps of building a fracturing well site scene using the digital twin technology are as follows:

[0012] Step 210: Material preparation: add models to the model library, control the models and adjust parameters, and perform preliminary construction of the twin scene;

[0013] Step 220, scene editing: adjust the model material and texture parameters through the built-in material library and texture library, adjust the scene background effect, add animation, special effects, events and related components;

[0014] Step 230, data display: add data panels and annotations to achieve static or real-time dynamic display of model information data;

[0015] Step 240, project release: Save and preview the completed project, and after confirmation, publish it for display on multiple terminals across the entire network with one click.

[0016] In some specific embodiments, the wellbore fluid flow state simulation analysis steps are as follows:

[0017] Step S310, selecting a suitable wellbore trajectory spatial coordinate algorithm to calculate the wellbore trajectory according to the drilling shape of the wellbore;

[0018] Step S320, establishing the wellbore trajectory interpolation model, and performing interpolation processing on the inclination survey data;

[0019] Step S330, constructing a three-dimensional wellbore model, using different construction methods for objects with different characteristics according to the spatial geometric topological structure of the scene object;

[0020] Step S340, simulation and display of the flow state of the wellbore liquid, based on the pumping program and the real-time data of the pump displacement, combined with the digitized wellbore, calculate the position of the pumping liquid with different pumping proppant concentrations in the wellbore, and represent it with different colors, simulate the flow state of the fracturing fluid in the wellbore in real time, and display it in a three-dimensional window in a perspective method.

[0021] In some specific embodiments, the dynamic generation of crack geometry is implemented using Windows as a platform, Visual C++ 6.0 and OpenGL open graphics library as programming tools, and a fractal-based three-dimensional tree IFS generation algorithm, and the steps are as follows:

[0022] Modeling of 3D tree IFS generation algorithm based on fractals:

[0023] According to the configuration items of the hydraulic fractures in the hydraulic fracture design, the morphogenesis model and visualization model of the three-dimensional scene are established based on the fractal-based three-dimensional tree IFS generation algorithm;

[0024] Three-dimensional conversion: convert the three-dimensional geometric model into a two-dimensional plane perspective projection diagram such as the seam width section or seam length section after a certain transformation;

[0025] Simulation and rendering: Calculate the length or width of the crack and convert it into a set color to determine the color of each pixel on the projected image, and finally generate a simulation video;

[0026] Output results: The final simulation results directly call the single well logging diagram template and are output and displayed in the single well logging diagram.

[0027] In some specific embodiments, the steps of simulating the dynamic expansion of proppant concentration in the fracture are as follows:

[0028] Step S410, Gaussian mixture model building: firstly, several predefined Gaussian models are initialized, the parameters in the Gaussian models are initialized, and the parameters to be used later are calculated; secondly, each pixel in each frame is processed to see whether it matches a certain model, if it matches, it is included in the model, and the model is updated according to the new pixel value, if it does not match, a Gaussian model is established with the pixel, the parameters are initialized, and the most unlikely model in the original model is replaced; finally, the first several most likely models are selected as background models, and a proppant concentration morphogenesis model and a visualization model of the three-dimensional scene are established;

[0029] Step S420, three-dimensional conversion: converting the three-dimensional proppant concentration model into a two-dimensional plane perspective projection diagram such as a fracture width section or a fracture length section through a certain transformation;

[0030] Step S430, simulation and rendering: calculating the surface concentration of the proppant and converting it into a set color, thereby determining the color of each pixel on the projection screen, and finally generating a simulation video;

[0031] Step S440, output of results: the final simulation result directly calls the single well logging diagram template and is output and displayed in the single well logging diagram.

[0032] In some specific embodiments, the grid-based contour line generation algorithm refers to a process of connecting points with the same attribute values ​​in a regular grid according to certain rules based on existing regular grid data to form contour lines.

[0033] In some specific embodiments, the contour line generation algorithm specifically includes the following three types:

[0034] Contour lines are generated using the intersection of sampling point data and regular grids;

[0035] Use a surface equation Z = f (x, y) to fit the original sampling data; the surface equation generally uses the distance weighted least squares method, distance weighted average or bicubic fitting function. After obtaining the surface equation, substitute the two-dimensional coordinates of the regular grid points into Z = f (x, Y) to obtain the elevation value of the grid points, and then generate contour lines;

[0036] An irregular triangulated network is directly established based on the original data points to generate contour lines.

[0037] In some specific embodiments, the multi-well fracture simulation comparative analysis steps are as follows:

[0038] S510, create the top surface structural map of the target layer: the two-dimensional reservoir visualization has its own template, and the user can design, save and select his own display template; open the template, open the work area directory tree, select the top surface structural data, and actively generate the top surface structural map; right-click in the map, a template setting menu pops up, and the contour map attributes can be defined;

[0039] S520, Well location and hydraulic fracture projection: In the work area directory tree, by checking the wells and downhole fracture data, the distribution of multi-well fractures is displayed on the top surface structural map;

[0040] S530, Fracture Measurement: The platform provides area and distance measurement tools, which can conduct multi-dimensional statistical analysis of the overall status of fracturing transformation.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention discloses a method for dynamic analysis of well site fracturing based on the Internet of Things, comprising the following steps: real-time data feedback from the fracturing site: sensors are used to collect real-time data of fracturing site equipment and production, and on the basis of the basic conditions of the fracturing well site, based on the existing network environment, the remote transmission, management and application of fracturing data are completed through the broadcast communication mode; real-time monitoring of the fracturing process: the digital twin technology is used to build a fracturing well site scene, and the construction design is rehearsed in a 3D rehearsal analysis system to rehearse the construction plan in advance. While verifying the rationality of the design, the efficiency of the construction operation can be effectively improved, and the safety hazards of the operation can be effectively reduced, and the equipment status monitoring, fault warning and maintenance reminder functions can be realized; simulation analysis of the flow state of the wellbore fluid: a digital wellbore is constructed according to the well trajectory, and the pre-fluid, sand-carrying fluid and post-fluid in the wellbore are distinguished to construct a digital twin of the fracturing operation, and different types of liquid dynamic position algorithms are compiled. The real-time data drives the simulation of the flow state of the wellbore liquid, focusing on the dynamic position of the sand-carrying fluid. Dynamic display of two key parameters, state position and sand concentration, to simulate the flow state of various fluids in the wellbore during the fracturing construction in real time, and assist on-site technicians in making correct decisions; Fracture simulation: Based on the fractal three-dimensional tree IFS generation algorithm, simulate the expansion and extension law of the fracture geometry, and display the changes in fracture morphology in different colors; According to the Gaussian mixture model, simulate the migration and deposition process of the proppant in the fracture space, and display the changes in proppant concentration in different positions in different colors; Establish a fracture morphology generation model and visualization model for the three-dimensional scene, convert the three-dimensional model into a two-dimensional plane perspective projection map after a certain transformation, color it according to the custom color regulations, and finally generate a simulation file; Multi-well fracture simulation comparative analysis: Based on the grid-based contour line generation and filling algorithm, generate the target layer top surface structural map, project the well points and fractures onto the reservoir target layer top surface structural map, display the distribution of multi-well fractures in the reservoir, and provide area, distance and other measurement tools, multi-dimensional statistical analysis of the overall situation of fracturing transformation, and assist in fracture design. The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0042] 1. Based on the Internet of Things, real-time data from the fracturing site is transmitted back, so that various data during the fracturing process at the well site can be collected and transmitted to the data center in real time, ensuring the timeliness of the data.

[0043] 2. By using digital twin technology to build a fracturing well site scene, the equipment status is monitored and equipment failures are warned, which improves the efficiency and safety of construction operations.

[0044] 3. Through the simulation analysis of the wellbore fluid flow state, the flow state of various fluids in the wellbore during the fracturing construction process is simulated in real time to provide scientific decision-making support for construction management personnel.

[0045] 4. Through multi-well fracture simulation and comparative analysis, the accuracy of predicting the distribution of fracture networks can be improved, the fracturing design can be optimized, and the oil and gas recovery rate can be increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 , is a flow chart of a well site fracturing dynamic analysis method based on the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of real-time data transmission at the fracturing site in the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 It is a simulation diagram of the flow state of the wellbore liquid during the fracturing process of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of wellbore trajectory calculation in the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 It is the principle diagram of the interpolation model in the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a well fracture display effect diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0053] The present invention provides a well site fracturing dynamic analysis method based on the Internet of Things. The present invention breaks the spatial perception boundaries that restrict fracturing operations by integrating new-generation digital information technologies such as digital twin technology, the Internet of Things, and big data processing technology, and relies on technologies such as 3D digital simulation, industrial process control, and image color rendering. It lowers the professional threshold for command, ensures the safety of construction operations, and plays a milestone role in the safe production management and control of oil fields.

[0054] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 A method for analyzing well site fracturing dynamics based on the Internet of Things is shown, comprising the following steps:

[0055] Step S100, real-time data transmission at the fracturing site: sensors are used to collect real-time data of fracturing site equipment and production, and based on the basic conditions at the fracturing well site and the existing network environment, remote transmission, management and application of fracturing data are completed through a broadcast communication mode.

[0056] Step S200, real-time monitoring of the fracturing process: Use digital twin technology to build a fracturing well site scene, rehearse the construction design in a 3D rehearsal analysis system, and rehearse the construction plan in advance. While verifying the rationality of the design, it can effectively improve the efficiency of construction operations and effectively reduce safety hazards in operations, and realize equipment status monitoring, fault warning, and maintenance reminder functions.

[0057] Step S300, simulation analysis of wellbore fluid flow state: construct a digital wellbore based on the well trajectory, distinguish the pre-fluid, sand-carrying fluid, and post-fluid in the wellbore, build a digital twin of the fracturing operation, write dynamic position algorithms for different types of liquids, and drive the simulation of the wellbore fluid flow state with real-time data, focusing on the dynamic display of two key parameters: the dynamic position of the sand-carrying fluid and the sand concentration. Real-time simulation of the flow states of various fluids in the wellbore during the fracturing construction process can assist on-site technicians in making correct decisions.

[0058] Step S400, fracture simulation: based on the fractal three-dimensional tree IFS generation algorithm, simulate the expansion and extension law of the fracture geometry, and display the changes in the fracture morphology in different colors; according to the Gaussian mixture model, simulate the migration and deposition process of the proppant in the fracture space, and display the changes in the proppant concentration at different positions in different colors; establish a fracture morphology generation model and a visualization model of the three-dimensional scene, convert the three-dimensional model into a two-dimensional plane perspective projection map after a certain transformation, color it according to the custom color regulations, and finally generate a simulation file.

[0059] Step S500, multi-well fracture simulation comparative analysis: Based on the grid-based contour line generation and filling algorithm, a top surface structural map of the target layer is generated, and the well points and fractures are projected onto the top surface structural map of the target layer of the reservoir to display the distribution of multi-well fractures in the reservoir, and measurement tools such as area and distance are provided to perform multi-dimensional statistical analysis of the overall status of fracturing transformation and assist in fracture design.

[0060] In some specific embodiments, the steps of building a fracturing well site scene using the digital twin technology are as follows:

[0061] Step 210: Material preparation: add models to the model library, control the models and adjust parameters, and perform preliminary construction of the twin scene;

[0062] Step 220, scene editing: adjust the model material and texture parameters through the built-in material library and texture library, adjust the scene background effect, add animation, special effects, events and related components;

[0063] Step 230, data display: add data panels and annotations to achieve static or real-time dynamic display of model information data;

[0064] Step 240, project release: Save and preview the completed project, and after confirmation, publish it for display on multiple terminals across the entire network with one click.

[0065] In some specific embodiments, the wellbore fluid flow state simulation analysis steps are as follows:

[0066] Step S310: Select an appropriate wellbore trajectory spatial coordinate algorithm to calculate the wellbore trajectory according to the drilling shape of the wellbore.

[0067] In the embodiment of this city, a. Select a suitable wellbore trajectory spatial coordinate algorithm according to the drilling shape of the wellbore. At present, there are more than 20 wellbore trajectory algorithms, and the commonly used ones are cylindrical spiral method, minimum curvature method and constant device angle method. The trajectory of the wellbore drilled by the rotary drill is close to the cylindrical spiral curve. It is recommended to use the cylindrical spiral method or the minimum curvature method to calculate the wellbore trajectory; the wellbore with a drilling trajectory close to the "constant tool face angle" mode is recommended to use the constant device angle curve method to calculate the wellbore trajectory.

[0068] (1) The calculation formula of the cylindrical helix method (curvature radius method) is:

[0069]

[0070] (2) The calculation formula of the minimum curvature method (inclined arc method) is:

[0071]

[0072] In the formulas of the cylindrical spiral method and the minimum curvature method: ΔH is the vertical coordinate increment, m; ΔN is the north-south coordinate increment, m; ΔE is the east-west coordinate increment, m; ΔS is the horizontal displacement increment, m; is the azimuth of the two end points, rad; α 2 , α 1 is the well inclination angle of the two end points, rad; ΔL is the apparent depth difference of the two end points, m;

[0073] (3) The calculation formula of the constant installation angle method is:

[0074]

[0075] Step S320: establishing the wellbore trajectory interpolation model and performing interpolation processing on the inclination survey data.

[0076] b. Establish a wellbore trajectory interpolation model. The measured point data obtained by inclination measurement is not continuous, but the data of fixed interval points are measured. Therefore, the inclination measurement results cannot be directly used for the visualization calculation of the wellbore trajectory. In order to achieve a smoother and continuous trajectory map and profile map, the inclination measurement data needs to be interpolated. Commonly used difference methods include straight line interpolation, cylindrical spiral interpolation, minimum curvature interpolation, natural curve interpolation, spline interpolation, etc. The cylindrical spiral interpolation model, the minimum curvature interpolation model and the natural curve interpolation model are classic interpolation models, which are widely used in the calculation of wellbore trajectories. In actual applications, it is necessary to select the corresponding interpolation model according to the calculation method of the wellbore trajectory.

[0077] (1) The linear interpolation assumes that the well section between two measuring points is a straight line;

[0078] (2) The cylindrical helical interpolation assumes that the well section between the two measuring points is a cylindrical helical shape;

[0079] (3) The minimum curvature interpolation assumes that the well section between the two measuring points is an arc on the inclined plane;

[0080] (4) The natural curve interpolation assumes that the rate of change of well inclination and azimuth of the measured section is constant;

[0081] (5) The spline interpolation method uses a cubic spline function to directly establish a piecewise continuous coordinate function;

[0082] Step S330: construct a three-dimensional wellbore model, and adopt different construction methods for objects with different characteristics according to the spatial geometric topological structure of the scene objects.

[0083] In this embodiment, for regular shape objects, basic primitives such as points, lines, and surfaces can be used for modeling; for regular curved surface objects, cubic surfaces such as spheres and cylinders can be used for modeling; for irregular curved surfaces, more flexible methods such as slicing and corner point grids are generally used for modeling. During the fracturing production process, the wellbore diameter is uniform and is a regular curved surface object, which can be modeled by splicing cylinders. The specific modeling process is as follows:

[0084] (1) Calculate the height of the cylinder and draw the cylinder with the origin as the axis.

[0085] First, calculate the height D of the cylinder, see formula (4)

[0086]

[0087] Then, draw a cylinder with the origin D as the axis, the positive direction of the Y axis as the central axis, r as the radius of the upper and lower circles, and D as the height.

[0088] (2) The cylinder cy 1 The axis moves to Pi , P i+1 At the midpoint P of i , P i+1 The coordinates of the midpoint P are calculated from Perform coordinate transformation to obtain the moved cylinder cy 2 .

[0089] (3) Rotating cylinder cy 2 , so that the median axis of the cylinder is the vector positive direction.

[0090] ① Calculate the rotation axis

[0091] Let the vector corresponding to the positive direction of the Y axis be From point P i , P i+1 The determined vector is Select Vector and vector The normal vector of the determined plane is the rotation axis, rotating the cylinder, let this vector be but

[0092] Substitute the coordinates into formula (5):

[0093] x(xx i+1 )+z(z i -z i+1 )=0 (5)

[0094] From formula (5), we can set x=z i -z i+1 , y = 0, z = x i -x i+1 ,

[0095] The rotation axis vector is

[0096] ②Calculate the rotation angle

[0097] vector and vector The angle between is the rotation angle, represented by α, and we can get: Substitute the coordinates into formula (6).

[0098]

[0099] From formula (6), take the inverse cosine function to get the rotation angle and get formula (7):

[0100]

[0101] ③Perform rotation operation

[0102] After obtaining the rotation axis and rotation angle, perform coordinate transformation to rotate and obtain the cylinder cy 3 .

[0103] (4) Repeat the previous three steps from the first measuring point to the last measuring point to obtain the entire wellbore model.

[0104] Step S340, simulation and display of the flow state of the wellbore liquid, based on the pumping program and the real-time data of the pump displacement, combined with the digitized wellbore, calculate the position of the pumping liquid with different pumping proppant concentrations in the wellbore, and represent it with different colors, simulate the flow state of the fracturing fluid in the wellbore in real time, and display it in a three-dimensional window in a perspective method.

[0105] In some specific embodiments, the dynamic generation of crack geometry is implemented using Windows as a platform, Visual C++ 6.0 and OpenGL open graphics library as programming tools, and a fractal-based three-dimensional tree IFS generation algorithm, and the steps are as follows:

[0106] Modeling of 3D tree IFS generation algorithm based on fractals:

[0107] According to the configuration items of the hydraulic fractures in the hydraulic fracture design, the morphogenesis model and visualization model of the three-dimensional scene are established based on the fractal-based three-dimensional tree IFS generation algorithm;

[0108] Three-dimensional conversion: convert the three-dimensional geometric model into a two-dimensional plane perspective projection diagram such as the seam width section or seam length section after a certain transformation;

[0109] Simulation and rendering: Calculate the length or width of the crack and convert it into a set color to determine the color of each pixel on the projected image, and finally generate a simulation video;

[0110] Output results: The final simulation results directly call the single well logging diagram template and are output and displayed in the single well logging diagram.

[0111] In some specific embodiments, the steps of simulating the dynamic expansion of proppant concentration in the fracture are as follows:

[0112] Step S410, Gaussian mixture model building: firstly, several predefined Gaussian models are initialized, the parameters in the Gaussian models are initialized, and the parameters to be used later are calculated; secondly, each pixel in each frame is processed to see whether it matches a certain model, if it matches, it is included in the model, and the model is updated according to the new pixel value, if it does not match, a Gaussian model is established with the pixel, the parameters are initialized, and the most unlikely model in the original model is replaced; finally, the first several most likely models are selected as background models, and a proppant concentration morphogenesis model and a visualization model of the three-dimensional scene are established;

[0113] Step S420, three-dimensional conversion: converting the three-dimensional proppant concentration model into a two-dimensional plane perspective projection diagram such as a fracture width section or a fracture length section through a certain transformation;

[0114] Step S430, simulation and rendering: calculating the surface concentration of the proppant and converting it into a set color, thereby determining the color of each pixel on the projection screen, and finally generating a simulation video;

[0115] Step S440, output of results: the final simulation result directly calls the single well logging diagram template and is output and displayed in the single well logging diagram.

[0116] In some specific embodiments, the grid-based contour line generation algorithm refers to a process of connecting points with the same attribute values ​​in a regular grid according to certain rules based on existing regular grid data to form contour lines.

[0117] In some specific embodiments, the contour line generation algorithm specifically includes the following three types:

[0118] Contour lines are generated using the intersection of sampling point data and regular grids;

[0119] Use a surface equation Z = f (x, y) to fit the original sampling data; the surface equation generally uses the distance weighted least squares method, distance weighted average or bicubic fitting function. After obtaining the surface equation, substitute the two-dimensional coordinates of the regular grid points into Z = f (x, Y) to obtain the elevation value of the grid points, and then generate contour lines;

[0120] An irregular triangulated network is directly established based on the original data points to generate contour lines.

[0121] In this embodiment, the first two methods are based on regular grids and are therefore called regular grid methods, and the last method is based on irregular triangulated networks and is therefore called irregular grid method.

[0122] The grid-based contour filling algorithm is used to mark the generated contour lines after they are generated, and directly fill the areas between the contour lines with colors, so that the attributes and regional distribution of the contour lines can be directly seen. The ability to distinguish the areas between the contour lines is provided through the top surface structural map of the target layer.

[0123] The target layer top surface structural map is constructed using Open GL technology, and now provides a variety of contour line generation algorithms such as distance weighting and least squares method. Templates can be used to display various annotations around the well icon, support fault display and interactive editing, modify, add, delete, smooth contour lines, define contour line intervals, annotations, color filling and other attributes, and provide necessary auxiliary functions for standard maps, such as: scale, compass, legend and illustrations, etc., and support output of picture files.

[0124] In some specific embodiments, the multi-well fracture simulation comparative analysis steps are as follows:

[0125] S510, create the top surface structural map of the target layer: the two-dimensional reservoir visualization has its own template, and the user can design, save and select his own display template; open the template, open the work area directory tree, select the top surface structural data, and actively generate the top surface structural map; right-click in the map, a template setting menu pops up, and the contour map attributes can be defined;

[0126] S520, Well location and hydraulic fracture projection: In the work area directory tree, by checking the wells and downhole fracture data, the distribution of multi-well fractures is displayed on the top surface structural map;

[0127] S530, Fracture Measurement: The platform provides area and distance measurement tools, which can conduct multi-dimensional statistical analysis of the overall status of fracturing transformation.

[0128] By adopting the above technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the following beneficial effects are obtained:

[0129] The present invention discloses a method for dynamic analysis of well site fracturing based on the Internet of Things, comprising the following steps: real-time data transmission of the fracturing site: using sensors to collect real-time data of fracturing site equipment and production, and based on the basic conditions of the fracturing well site and the existing network environment, completing the remote transmission, management and application of the fracturing data through the broadcast communication mode; real-time monitoring of the fracturing process: using digital twin technology to build a fracturing well site scene, and rehearsing the construction design in a 3D rehearsal analysis system, rehearsing the construction plan in advance, and while verifying the rationality of the design, it can effectively improve the efficiency of the construction operation, effectively reduce the hidden dangers of the operation safety, and realize the functions of equipment status monitoring, fault warning, and maintenance reminder; simulation analysis of the flow state of wellbore fluid: constructing a digital wellbore according to the well trajectory, distinguishing the pre-fluid, sand-carrying fluid, and post-fluid in the wellbore, constructing a digital twin of the fracturing operation, and compiling dynamic position algorithms of different types of liquids. Real-time data drives the simulation of the flow state of the wellbore liquid, focusing on the dynamic position of the sand-carrying fluid, the sand-carrying fluid, and the post-fluid. The two key parameters of concentration are dynamically displayed to simulate the flow state of various fluids in the wellbore during the fracturing construction in real time, assisting on-site technicians to make correct decisions; Fracture simulation: Based on the fractal three-dimensional tree IFS generation algorithm, the expansion and extension law of the fracture geometry is simulated, and the changes in fracture morphology are displayed in different colors; According to the Gaussian mixture model, the migration and deposition process of the proppant in the fracture space is simulated, and the changes in proppant concentration at different positions are displayed in different colors; The fracture morphology generation model and visualization model of the three-dimensional scene are established, and the three-dimensional model is converted into a two-dimensional plane perspective projection map after a certain transformation, and it is colored according to the custom color regulations, and finally a simulation file is generated; Multi-well fracture simulation comparative analysis: Based on the grid-based contour line generation and filling algorithm, the top surface structural map of the target layer is generated, and the well points and fractures are projected onto the top surface structural map of the target layer of the reservoir, showing the distribution of multi-well fractures in the reservoir, and providing area, distance and other measurement tools, multi-dimensional statistical analysis of the overall situation of fracturing transformation, and assisting fracture design. The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0130] 1. Based on the Internet of Things, real-time data from the fracturing site is transmitted back, so that various data during the fracturing process at the well site can be collected and transmitted to the data center in real time, ensuring the timeliness of the data.

[0131] 2. By using digital twin technology to build a fracturing well site scene, the equipment status is monitored and equipment failures are warned, which improves the efficiency and safety of construction operations.

[0132] 3. Through the simulation analysis of the wellbore fluid flow state, the flow state of various fluids in the wellbore during the fracturing construction process is simulated in real time to provide scientific decision-making support for construction management personnel.

[0133] 4. Through multi-well fracture simulation and comparative analysis, the accuracy of predicting the distribution of fracture networks can be improved, the fracturing design can be optimized, and the oil and gas recovery rate can be increased.

[0134] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic analysis of well site fracturing based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S100, real-time data transmission at the fracturing site: using sensors to collect real-time data of fracturing site equipment and production, based on the basic conditions at the fracturing well site and the existing network environment, remote transmission, management and application of fracturing data are completed through a broadcast communication mode; Step S200, real-time monitoring of the fracturing process: Use digital twin technology to build a fracturing well site scene, practice the construction design in a 3D preview analysis system, and preview the construction plan in advance. While verifying the rationality of the design, it can effectively improve the efficiency of the construction operation and effectively reduce the potential safety hazards of the operation, and realize equipment status monitoring, fault warning, and maintenance reminder functions; Step S300, simulation analysis of wellbore fluid flow state: construct a digital wellbore according to the well trajectory, distinguish the pre-fluid, sand-carrying fluid, and post-fluid in the wellbore, construct a digital twin of the fracturing operation, write dynamic position algorithms for different types of liquids, and drive the simulation of the wellbore fluid flow state with real-time data, focusing on the dynamic display of the two key parameters of the dynamic position of the sand-carrying fluid and the sand concentration, and simulating the flow state of various fluids in the wellbore during the fracturing construction in real time to assist on-site technicians in making correct decisions; Step S400, fracture simulation: Based on the fractal three-dimensional tree IFS generation algorithm, simulate the expansion and extension law of the fracture geometry, and display the changes in the fracture morphology in different colors; according to the Gaussian mixture model, simulate the migration and deposition process of the proppant in the fracture space, and display the changes in the proppant concentration at different positions in different colors; establish a fracture morphology generation model and a visualization model of the three-dimensional scene, convert the three-dimensional model into a two-dimensional plane perspective projection map after a certain transformation, color it according to the custom color regulations, and finally generate a simulation file; Step S500, multi-well fracture simulation comparative analysis: Based on the grid-based contour line generation and filling algorithm, a top surface structural map of the target layer is generated, and the well points and fractures are projected onto the top surface structural map of the target layer of the reservoir to display the distribution of multi-well fractures in the reservoir, and measurement tools such as area and distance are provided to perform multi-dimensional statistical analysis of the overall status of fracturing transformation and assist in fracture design.

2. The method for analyzing well site fracturing dynamics based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of building a fracturing well site scenario using the digital twin technology are as follows: Step 210: Material preparation: add models to the model library, control the models and adjust parameters, and perform preliminary construction of the twin scene; Step 220, scene editing: adjust the model material and texture parameters through the built-in material library and texture library, adjust the scene background effect, add animation, special effects, events and related components; Step 230, data display: add data panels and annotations to achieve static or real-time dynamic display of model information data; Step 240, project release: Save and preview the completed project, and after confirmation, publish it for display on multiple terminals across the entire network with one click.

3. The method for analyzing well site fracturing dynamics based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps of simulation analysis of the wellbore fluid flow state are as follows: Step S310, selecting a suitable wellbore trajectory spatial coordinate algorithm to calculate the wellbore trajectory according to the drilling shape of the wellbore; Step S320, establishing the wellbore trajectory interpolation model, and performing interpolation processing on the inclination survey data; Step S330, constructing a three-dimensional wellbore model, using different construction methods for objects with different characteristics according to the spatial geometric topological structure of the scene object; Step S340, simulation and display of the flow state of the wellbore liquid, based on the pumping program and the real-time data of the pump displacement, combined with the digitized wellbore, calculate the position of the pumping liquid with different pumping proppant concentrations in the wellbore, and represent it with different colors, simulate the flow state of the fracturing fluid in the wellbore in real time, and display it in a three-dimensional window in a perspective method.

4. The method for dynamic analysis of well site fracturing based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic generation of crack geometry is based on Windows platform, using Visual C++6.0 and OpenGL open graphics library as programming tools, relying on the fractal-based three-dimensional tree IFS generation algorithm to achieve the following steps: Modeling of 3D tree IFS generation algorithm based on fractals: According to the configuration items of the hydraulic fractures in the hydraulic fracture design, the morphogenesis model and visualization model of the three-dimensional scene are established based on the fractal-based three-dimensional tree IFS generation algorithm; Three-dimensional conversion: convert the three-dimensional geometric model into a two-dimensional plane perspective projection diagram such as the seam width section or seam length section after a certain transformation; Simulation and rendering: Calculate the length or width of the crack and convert it into a set color to determine the color of each pixel on the projected image, and finally generate a simulation video; Output results: The final simulation results directly call the single well logging diagram template and are output and displayed in the single well logging diagram.

5. The method for analyzing well site fracturing dynamics based on the Internet of Things according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steps of simulating the dynamic expansion of proppant concentration in the fracture are as follows: Step S410, Gaussian mixture model building: firstly, several predefined Gaussian models are initialized, the parameters in the Gaussian models are initialized, and the parameters to be used later are calculated; secondly, each pixel in each frame is processed to see whether it matches a certain model, if it matches, it is included in the model, and the model is updated according to the new pixel value, if it does not match, a Gaussian model is established with the pixel, the parameters are initialized, and the most unlikely model in the original model is replaced; finally, the first several most likely models are selected as background models, and a proppant concentration morphogenesis model and a visualization model of the three-dimensional scene are established; Step S420, three-dimensional conversion: converting the three-dimensional proppant concentration model into a two-dimensional plane perspective projection diagram such as a fracture width section or a fracture length section through a certain transformation; Step S430, simulation and rendering: calculating the surface concentration of the proppant and converting it into a set color, thereby determining the color of each pixel on the projection screen, and finally generating a simulation video; Step S440, output of results: the final simulation result directly calls the single well logging diagram template and is output and displayed in the single well logging diagram.

6. The method for analyzing well site fracturing dynamics based on the Internet of Things according to claim 5, characterized in that: The grid-based contour line generation algorithm refers to a process of connecting points with the same attribute values ​​in a regular grid according to certain rules based on existing regular grid data to form contour lines.

7. The method for analyzing well site fracturing dynamics based on the Internet of Things according to claim 6, characterized in that: The contour line generation algorithm specifically includes the following three types: Contour lines are generated using the intersection of sampling point data and regular grids; Use a surface equation Z = f (x, y) to fit the original sampling data; the surface equation generally uses the distance weighted least squares method, distance weighted average or bicubic fitting function. After obtaining the surface equation, substitute the two-dimensional coordinates of the regular grid points into Z = f (x, Y) to obtain the elevation value of the grid points, and then generate contour lines; An irregular triangulated network is directly established based on the original data points to generate contour lines.

8. The method for analyzing well site fracturing dynamics based on the Internet of Things according to claim 7, characterized in that: The multi-well fracture simulation comparative analysis steps are as follows: S510, create the top surface structural map of the target layer: the two-dimensional reservoir visualization has its own template, and the user can design, save and select his own display template; Open the template, open the work area directory tree, select the top surface structure data, and actively generate the top surface structure map; right-click in the map to pop up the template setting menu, where you can define the contour map properties; S520, Well location and hydraulic fracture projection: In the work area directory tree, by checking the wells and downhole fracture data, the distribution of multi-well fractures is displayed on the top surface structural map; S530, Fracture Measurement: The platform provides area and distance measurement tools, which can conduct multi-dimensional statistical analysis of the overall status of fracturing transformation.

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