Battery system

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery system comprising a cell stack (17) and a first longitudinal support (5) wherein the cell stack (17) is connected to the first longitudinal support (5). According to the invention, the battery system (1) has a first suspension unit (33) by means of which the cell stack (17) is connected to the first longitudinal support (5) and which is suitable and / or designed to deform parallel to a transverse axis (Q) of the battery system (1) in a defined manner under the action of a transverse impact and / or impact force (F).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a battery system. Background Art

[0002] This type of battery system comprises a battery housing with a plurality of longitudinal supports and two transverse supports. The battery housing defines a plurality of cell stack accommodation chambers, in which the cell stacks consisting of a plurality of cells stacked one after the other are arranged. The cell stacks are bonded to the battery housing by adhesive connections. In the event of a side impact, these adhesive connections fail and, in combination with the displacement of the longitudinal supports, form deformation spaces into which the cells can move in the event of a side impact to reduce the impact energy.

[0003] However, the disadvantage of this battery system is that when the adhesive connection fails, the battery cells are damaged, the actual crash behavior or functional performance depends on the failure characteristics of the adhesive connection, and the movement of the battery stack after the adhesive connection fails is uncertain. In addition, an unfavorable failure sequence in a side impact may lead to the mobility of the battery stack, which is not conducive to crash safety.

[0004] DE 10 2019 102 226 A1 discloses a battery support for an electric vehicle. The battery support has a battery trough for accommodating a battery module, in which a longitudinal support is arranged and, optionally, the battery module is fastened to the longitudinal support. The longitudinal support forms a closed hollow profile in cross section and has a desired deformation point, i.e., in the event of a side impact of the electric vehicle, the cross section of the longitudinal support is deformed. Optionally, the transverse support is formed from a plastic material and preferably has a reinforcement. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a battery system which exhibits a predetermined deformation behavior in the event of a side impact and in which advantageous kinematics of the battery cell stack are established in the event of a side impact.

[0006] The technical problem is solved by a battery system and a vehicle according to the invention.

[0007] According to the invention, a battery system having a cell stack and a first longitudinal support is proposed, wherein the cell stack is connected to the first longitudinal support. According to the invention, the battery system has a first suspension unit, via which the cell stack is connected to the first longitudinal support, and which is suitable and / or designed to deform in a defined manner in a side impact and / or under the action of impact forces parallel to and / or along, and preferably only along, the transverse axis of the battery system. As a result, the battery system or the cell stack has a predefined deformation behavior, i.e. the adhesive connection is not destroyed during a side impact, which would otherwise lead to an undefined deformation behavior of the battery system or the cell stack. As a result, the cell stack has favorable kinematics during a side impact.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment, it can be provided that the first suspension unit is suitable and / or designed to deform during a transverse collision and under the effect of the collision forces in such a way that the cell stack preferably moves only or essentially along or parallel to the transverse axis relative to and towards the first longitudinal support. The cell stack thus ideally moves only parallel to the transverse axis of the battery system and thus by definition in the transverse direction of the battery system.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, it can be provided that the first suspension unit is suitable and / or designed to deform under the effect of a side impact and the impact force so that the cell stack preferably completely maintains its position and posture relative to the first longitudinal support in the preferably positive or negative longitudinal axis direction of the battery system and / or the cell stack preferably completely or substantially maintains its position and posture relative to the first longitudinal support in the preferably positive or negative longitudinal axis direction of the battery system. Thus, a displacement of the cell stack or cells in the longitudinal or height direction of the battery system is prevented in a targeted and advantageous manner.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the first suspension unit has a first target deformation region and / or a second target deformation region, and that the first suspension unit is adapted and / or designed such that the first suspension unit is plastically deformed under the action of the impact forces, preferably only or substantially in the region of the first target deformation region, and / or the first suspension unit is plastically deformed under the action of the impact forces, preferably only or substantially in the region of the second target deformation region. Thus, the suspension unit is advantageously configured such that deformation occurs only in a predefined region. Thus, the design, dimensioning and adjustment of the suspension unit to different vehicle types and impact situations are easy to implement, since only the target deformation region needs to be adjusted first.

[0011] In a particularly preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the suspension unit has a cell stack-side leg and a support-side leg, wherein it can preferably be provided that the first target deformation region is formed by a connection region at which the cell stack-side leg transitions to the support-side leg and / or is connected to the support-side leg, and / or the second target deformation region of the first suspension unit is formed by a connection region at which the support-side leg transitions to the first longitudinal support and / or is connected to the first longitudinal support. This arrangement of the target deformation regions reliably leads to the desired deformation behavior.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, it can be provided that the stack side legs extend in a stack side leg plane which extends parallel to a horizontal plane defined by the transverse axis of the battery system and the longitudinal axis of the battery system, and / or the support element side legs extend from the stack side legs in a direction preferably in the positive vertical axis and obliquely in the direction of the first longitudinal support element to the first longitudinal support element. In particular, such a design of the suspension unit exhibits the desired deformation behavior particularly reliably.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, it can be provided that the cell stack side leg and the support element side leg are made of the same material and / or are connected to one another in one piece, and / or the support element side leg is at least partially formed by the first longitudinal support, and / or the first target deformation region is formed by the support element side leg. In this way, the suspension unit and the battery system can be manufactured particularly economically.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, it can be provided that the cell stack is adhesively connected to the first suspension unit, preferably to the cell stack-side leg of the first suspension unit, wherein the first suspension unit and the adhesive connection can preferably be dimensioned and / or designed such that when the first suspension unit is deformed, the adhesive connection remains preferably completely intact. As a result, no deviations from the defined deformation behavior occur in the battery system, since the adhesive connection is not destroyed, but rather retained, and the defined deformation behavior is determined solely by the suspension unit. As a result, the adhesive connection in the battery system can be designed to have a very high strength without impairing the defined deformation behavior.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, it can be provided that the battery system has a second suspension unit, via which the cell stack is connected to a second longitudinal strut of the battery system, wherein it can preferably be provided that the second suspension unit is identical in structure and function to the first suspension unit.

[0016] According to the present invention, a vehicle having the battery system as described above is also provided.

[0017] The following aspects are not only especially for clarification:

[0018] As an example, it may be provided that the impact force may be formed by a force vector which runs parallel to the transverse axis of the battery system.

[0019] Preferably, it can be provided that the longitudinal direction relates to the longitudinal axis of the battery system, the transverse direction relates to the transverse axis of the battery system, and the height direction relates to the vertical axis of the battery system. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the longitudinal axis extends orthogonally to the transverse axis and the vertical axis, and / or the transverse axis extends orthogonally to the longitudinal axis and the vertical axis.

[0020] Preferably, provision can be made for the cell stack to be displaced relative to the first longitudinal profile and in the direction of the first longitudinal profile parallel to the transverse direction such that the assembly play provided in the undeformed state of the first suspension unit is completely or partially eliminated.

[0021] At this point it is pointed out that the longitudinal struts of all described battery systems can be formed from extruded profiles or hollow profiles with one or two profile chambers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] In the attached picture:

[0024] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a plurality of battery cells stacked one after another;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a perspective view of the battery cell stack;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a top view of the battery system before a side impact;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a top view of the battery system after a side collision;

[0028] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view according to section AA, showing the battery system before a side impact;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the battery system before the side impact;

[0030] Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the battery system after a side impact, and

[0031] Figures 8 to 11 Purely schematic sectional views of further exemplary embodiments of battery systems are shown in each case. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Figure 3A top view of a battery system 1 installed in a vehicle (not shown) is shown. The battery system 1 has a frame. In this case, purely by way of example, the frame has two longitudinal supports 3 and 5 arranged on the outside, three longitudinal supports 7, 9 and 11 arranged on the inside, and two transverse supports 13 and 15.

[0033] Furthermore, the battery system 1 has four cell stack accommodating cavities and four cell stacks 17, 19, 21, 23. The longitudinal struts 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 are connected to one another at their respective first ends by a transverse profile 13 and at their respective second ends by a transverse profile 15. In each case, two of the longitudinal struts 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 together with the transverse struts 11 and 13 enclose one of the four cell stack accommodating cavities.

[0034] like Figure 5 As shown, the battery system 1 has a cover 25 and a bottom 27. The cover 25 is connected to all longitudinal supports 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. In this case, purely by way of example, the bottom 27 is directly connected only to the two longitudinal supports 3 and 5 arranged on the outside, and not directly to the three longitudinal supports 7, 9 and 11 arranged on the inside.

[0035] In each cell stack accommodating cavity, one of the cell stacks 17, 19, 21 and 23 is arranged. Figure 1 As shown in the figure with respect to the cell stack 17, each of the cell stacks 17, 19, 21 and 23 has a plurality of cells 29 which are stacked one after another along a stacking axis S (see, for example, Figure 1 ).like Figure 2 As shown in the figure about the cell stack 17, each of the cell stacks 17, 19, 21 and 23 has two end plates, which are clamped together by two clamping bands 31, and the cell 29 is clamped in the middle so that the cell 29 is pressed together.

[0036] Each of the cell stacks 17, 19, 21 and 23 is arranged in the cell stack accommodation space corresponding thereto in such a manner that the stacking axis S extends parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the battery system 1. The parallelism of the stacking axis S to the longitudinal axis L is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. Figure 3 As shown, the battery system is additionally assigned a horizontal axis Q and a vertical axis H. The longitudinal axis L extends orthogonally to the horizontal axis Q and the vertical axis H. The horizontal axis Q extends orthogonally to the vertical axis H.

[0037] The battery system 1 further comprises four first suspension units 33, 35, 37 and 39 and four second suspension units 41, 43, 45 and 47, which are used here only as examples and in Figure 5 As shown in Figure 5As shown, the cell stack 17 is connected to the longitudinal support 5 through the first suspension unit 33, and is connected to the longitudinal support 11 through the second suspension unit 41. The cell stack 19 is connected to the longitudinal support 11 through the first suspension unit 35, and is connected to the longitudinal support 9 through the second suspension unit 43. The cell stack 21 is connected to the longitudinal support 9 through the first suspension unit 37, and is connected to the longitudinal support 7 through the second suspension unit 45. The cell stack 23 is connected to the longitudinal support 7 through the first suspension unit 39, and is connected to the longitudinal support 3 through the second suspension unit 47.

[0038] The structures and functions of all the suspension units 33 , 35 , 37 , 39 , 41 , 43 , 45 , and 47 of the battery system 1 are described in detail below with reference to the suspension unit 33 as an example. Figure 6 The suspension unit 33 is shown in an undeformed state, ie before a side impact. Figure 7 The suspension unit 33 is shown in a deformed state, ie after a side impact.

[0039] The suspension unit 33 has a cell stack side leg 49 and a support side leg 51, which are here only as an example and are connected to each other in one piece and with the same material. The cell stack 17 is bonded to the cell stack side leg 49, wherein the bonded connection is formed by supporting the cell stack 17 on the cell stack side leg 49 and bonding it to the cell stack side leg 49, with an adhesive layer 53 located therebetween. The cell stack side leg 49 extends in the cell stack side leg plane, which plane extends parallel to the horizontal plane defined by the transverse axis Q and the longitudinal axis L both in the undeformed state of the suspension unit 33 and in the deformed state of the suspension unit 33.

[0040] In the undeformed state of the suspension unit 33, the support member side leg 51 starts from the cell stack side leg 49 and extends obliquely upward along the vertical axis H in the direction of the positive vertical axis and in the direction of the longitudinal support member 5 to the longitudinal support member 5. The support member side leg 51 extends in a support member side leg plane, which extends parallel to the longitudinal axis L in the undeformed state of the suspension unit 33, and in the undeformed state of the suspension unit 33, the support member side leg plane forms an angle with the cell stack side leg plane, which angle can be in the range between 35° and 55° as an example only. With the help of the suspension unit 33, it is ensured that the cell stack 17 is reliably and fixedly maintained in position and posture on the longitudinal support member 5 under the sole action of the operating load occurring during normal operation of the battery system 1, that is, as Figure 6 shown.

[0041] In order to plastically deform during a side collision and under the action of the collision force F, the suspension unit 33 has, by way of example only, a first target deformation area S1 and a second target deformation area S2. The first target deformation area S1 is formed by the connection area of ​​the support-side leg 51 on the longitudinal support 5. The second target deformation area S2 is formed by the connection area of ​​the support-side leg 51 and the cell stack-side leg 49.

[0042] In a side collision under the action of the collision force F, the suspension unit 33 is plastically deformed almost only in the target deformation areas S1 and S2, thereby transforming to a deformation state of the suspension unit 33, such as Figure 7 As shown. In the deformed state of the suspension unit 33, the support-side legs and the support-side leg plane extend substantially parallel to the vertical plane formed by the vertical axis H and the longitudinal axis L. Therefore, in the case of a transverse collision, under the action of the collision force F, the cell stack 17 moves in the direction of the longitudinal support 5, as a result of which the support-side legs 51 are folded onto the longitudinal support 5 in a folding movement. By performing the folding movement, the movement of the cell stack 17 is guided by the suspension unit 33, i.e. the cell stack 17 moves in a defined manner in the direction of the longitudinal support 5, preferably substantially purely translationally relative to the longitudinal support 5. Furthermore, in the case of a transverse collision, the cell stack 17 maintains its position and disposition substantially parallel to the vertical axis H and parallel to the longitudinal axis L. This means that during a transverse collision, the cell stack 17 moves at most slightly in the negative vertical axis direction relative to the longitudinal support 5 and neither in the positive longitudinal axis direction of the longitudinal axis L nor in the negative longitudinal axis direction of the longitudinal axis L. The adhesive connection is sized and designed in comparison to the suspension unit 33 such that the adhesive connection remains fully intact when the suspension unit 33 is deformed from the undeformed state to the deformed state.

[0043] Since the suspension units 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45 and 47 also operate in the same manner as the suspension unit 33, in a side collision with the column 55 and under the action of the collision force F, Figure 4 The deformation behavior of the battery system 1 is shown. That is, the cell stacks 17 , 19 , 21 and 23 are displaced and limited almost exclusively and by definition parallel to the transverse axis Q.

[0044] Figures 8 to 11 Further exemplary embodiments of a battery system 1 are shown, specifically each in a section view.

[0045] exist Figure 8 In the battery system 100 shown, the support side legs 101 do not extend in a straight line, but have a curved structure 103 which, compared to the battery system 1 , additionally promotes a controlled deformation of the support side legs 101 during a side impact and under the action of the impact force F.

[0046] exist Fig. 9 In the battery system 200 shown, the side walls of the longitudinal support 201 of the battery system 200 are bent inwards. In addition, a part of the side wall forms a support side leg 203 of a suspension unit of the battery system 200, and the suspension unit further has a cell stack side leg 205.

[0047] exist Fig.10 In the battery system 300 shown, the support member side legs of the suspension unit of the battery system 300 have a cell stack side leg 301 and a support member side partial leg 303. In the undeformed state of the suspension unit, the profile side partial leg 303 extends parallel to the cell stack side leg 305 of the suspension unit.

[0048] exist Fig.11 In the battery system 400 shown, the suspension unit of the battery system 400 has a cell stack side leg 401 and a support member side leg 403. The support member side leg 403 is multi-folded and has a plurality of folded legs. Due to the folding or folding legs of the support member side leg 403, the cell stack side leg 401 can be movably fastened to the longitudinal support member 405 of the battery system 400 in the direction of the longitudinal support member 405.

[0049] List of Reference Numerals

[0050] 1Battery System

[0051] 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 longitudinal supports

[0052] 13, 15 lateral support

[0053] 17, 19, 21, 23 cell stacks

[0054] 25 Lid

[0055] 27 Bottom

[0056] 29 cells

[0057] 31 Clamping belt

[0058] 33, 35, 37, 39 first suspension unit

[0059] 41, 43, 45, 47 Second suspension unit

[0060] 49 battery stack side legs

[0061] 51 Support side legs

[0062] 53 adhesive layer

[0063] 55 columns

[0064] 100 battery system

[0065] 101 Support side legs

[0066] 103 curved structure

[0067] 200 battery system

[0068] 201 longitudinal support

[0069] 203 support side legs

[0070] 205 battery stack side legs

[0071] 300 battery system

[0072] 301 battery stack side legs

[0073] 303 Support part side leg

[0074] 305 battery stack side legs

[0075] 400 battery system

[0076] 401 battery stack side legs

[0077] 403 support side legs

[0078] 405 longitudinal support

[0079] F Collision force

[0080] L Vertical axis

[0081] Q horizontal axis

[0082] H Vertical axis

[0083] S Stacking axis

[0084] S1 first target deformation range

[0085] S2: second target deformation range.

Claims

1. A battery system comprising: A battery cell stack (17), and A first longitudinal support member (5), The battery cell stack (17) is connected to the first longitudinal support member (5), characterized in that the battery system (1) has a first suspension unit (33), the battery cell stack (17) is connected to the first longitudinal support member (5) via the first suspension unit (33), and the first suspension unit is suitable for and / or designed to deform in a defined manner parallel to the transverse axis (Q) of the battery system (1) under the action of a lateral collision and / or collision force (F).

2. The battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first suspension unit (33) is adapted and / or designed to deform under the action of the collision force (F) so that the battery cell stack (17) preferably moves only or substantially along or parallel to the transverse axis (Q) relative to the first longitudinal support (5) and towards the first longitudinal support (5).

3. The battery system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first suspension unit (33) is suitable for and / or designed to deform under the action of the collision force (F) so that the battery stack (17) preferably completely maintains its position and posture relative to the first longitudinal support member (5) in the longitudinal axis direction (L) of the battery system (1), and / or so that the battery stack (17) preferably completely or substantially maintains its position and posture relative to the first longitudinal support member (5) in the vertical axis direction (H) of the battery system (1).

4. The battery system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The first suspension unit (33) has a first target deformation area (S1) and / or a second target deformation area (S2), and the first suspension unit (33) is suitable for and / or designed so that the first suspension unit (33) is preferably only or substantially deformed in the area of ​​the first target deformation area (S1), preferably plastically, under the action of the collision force (F), and / or the first suspension unit (33) is preferably only or substantially deformed in the area of ​​the second target deformation area (S2), preferably plastically, under the action of the collision force (F).

5. The battery system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first suspension unit (33) has a cell stack side leg (49) and a support member side leg (51), wherein it is preferably provided that the first target deformation area (S1) is formed by a connection area, at which the cell stack side leg (49) transitions to the support member side leg (51) and / or is connected to the support member side leg (51), and / or the second target deformation area (S2) of the first suspension unit (33) is formed by a connection area, at which the support member side leg (51) transitions to the first longitudinal support member (5) and / or is connected to the first longitudinal support member (5).

6. The battery system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cell stack side leg (49) extends in a cell stack side leg plane, which extends parallel to a horizontal plane formed by a transverse axis (Q) of the battery system (1) and a longitudinal axis (L) of the battery system (1), and / or the support member side leg (51) starts from the cell stack side leg (49) and extends obliquely in the vertical axis direction and toward the first longitudinal support member (5) to the first longitudinal support member (5).

7. The battery system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The cell stack side legs (49) and the support member side legs (51) are connected to each other with consistent materials and / or in one piece, and / or the support member side legs (51) are at least partially formed by the first longitudinal support member (5), and / or the first target deformation area (S1) is formed by the support member side legs (51).

8. The battery system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The battery stack (17) is adhesively connected to the first suspension unit (33), preferably to the battery stack side leg (49) of the first suspension unit (33). Preferably, the first suspension unit (33) and the adhesive connection are sized and / or designed so that when the first suspension unit (33) is deformed, the adhesive connection preferably remains completely intact.

9. The battery system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The battery system (1) has a second suspension unit (41), and the battery cell stack (17) is connected to a second longitudinal support (11) of the battery system (1) via the second suspension unit (41), wherein it is preferably provided that the second suspension unit (41) is identical in structure and function to the first suspension unit (33).

10. A vehicle having a battery system according to any one of the preceding claims.

Images