Remote monitoring and maintenance installation system for high-altitude photovoltaic power station

Abstract

The invention discloses a remote monitoring and maintenance installation system for a high-altitude photovoltaic power station, and the system comprises a special protection monitoring unit, a self-adaptive adjustment installation support, a remote monitoring and maintenance control center, and a high-altitude special communication network module, which are sequentially connected with one another and work cooperatively. Through the innovative design of a high-definition camera in the special protection monitoring unit, that is, a nanometer hydrophobic material coated on the outer layer of a lens and an anti-fog coating integrated with a heating wire are combined with an intelligent temperature control module, the problem that the lens fogs and is blurred in a high-altitude, low-temperature and high-humidity environment is effectively solved, and it is ensured that clear monitoring images can be obtained at any time; operation and maintenance personnel can conveniently and accurately master the site condition of the power station. The multi-sensor integration module integrates various high-precision sensors, various key data in a high-altitude environment can be comprehensively collected, a rich and accurate data basis is provided for subsequent data analysis, risk assessment and decision making, potential problems can be found in advance, and response measures can be taken in time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of remote monitoring of high-altitude photovoltaic power stations, and in particular to a remote monitoring, maintenance and installation system for high-altitude photovoltaic power stations. Background Art

[0002] As the global demand for clean energy grows, photovoltaic power generation, as a sustainable energy solution, has been widely used in various regions. High-altitude areas have gradually become an important site for the construction of photovoltaic power stations due to their advantages such as rich light resources. However, the special natural environment in high-altitude areas has brought many severe challenges to the operation, monitoring and maintenance of photovoltaic power stations.

[0003] In terms of monitoring, high-altitude areas usually have extremely low temperatures and high humidity, which often causes conventional monitoring camera lenses to fog and frost, seriously affecting the image clarity, making it difficult for operation and maintenance personnel to accurately grasp the on-site equipment and environmental conditions of the power station through monitoring images. In addition, existing monitoring units are often equipped with only a single or a small number of sensors, and are unable to fully obtain multi-dimensional key data such as wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, light intensity, and snow thickness in complex and changeable environments at high altitudes, which is not conducive to accurately evaluating the overall operating status of photovoltaic power stations and responding to potential risks.

[0004] Frequent geological vibrations and strong winds are common in high-altitude areas. Most existing mounting brackets lack effective shock-absorbing and buffering structures. Photovoltaic panels are easily damaged by vibrations and strong winds, affecting their service life and power generation efficiency. At the same time, the angle adjustment of existing brackets is not flexible and intelligent enough. It is difficult to automatically adjust the angle of photovoltaic panels to the optimal state according to real-time light and snow conditions, which reduces the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation to a certain extent. In addition, long-term accumulation of snow on photovoltaic panels may further cause safety hazards.

[0005] In terms of remote monitoring and maintenance control, traditional photovoltaic power station monitoring and maintenance systems mostly rely on simple two-dimensional interfaces for operation and data display. Operation and maintenance personnel lack intuitiveness and spatial perception when operating remotely. Faced with complex equipment failures, it is difficult to complete maintenance and commissioning tasks efficiently and accurately. Moreover, most existing systems focus on post-fault diagnosis and repair, lack active fault prediction mechanisms, and cannot prevent equipment failures in advance, resulting in a higher risk of downtime for photovoltaic power stations, affecting the overall power generation revenue.

[0006] In addition, communication issues are also one of the key factors that restrict the efficient operation of high-altitude photovoltaic power stations. The complex topography and special atmospheric environment in high-altitude areas make conventional communication network signals unstable and prone to interruption. In addition, the existing communication base station networking method is relatively fixed and lacks adaptive adjustment capabilities. Once a local failure or interference occurs, the entire communication link may be paralyzed. At the same time, backup communication means are often not perfect. When ground communication is interrupted, traditional satellite communications may have problems such as high signal delay and limited bandwidth, which cannot meet the requirements of real-time remote monitoring and maintenance for data transmission timeliness and stability. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a remote monitoring and maintenance installation system for a high-altitude photovoltaic power station to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a remote monitoring and maintenance installation system for a high-altitude photovoltaic power station, comprising a special protection monitoring unit, an adaptive adjustment installation bracket, a remote monitoring and maintenance control center, and a high-altitude dedicated communication network module, which are interconnected and work in conjunction with each other in sequence. The special protection monitoring unit: as a key part of the front-end data acquisition of the entire system, it is constructed for the special environment of high altitudes; it has a plurality of sub-components with collaborative protection functions, among which a high-definition camera that is resistant to high cold and has an automatic defrosting function, the outer layer of the lens is coated with an anti-fog coating based on an integrated nano-hydrophobic material and a heating wire, the heating wire is connected to a built-in intelligent temperature control module, the intelligent temperature control module monitors the high-altitude ambient temperature in real time, and automatically and accurately adjusts the heating power of the heating wire according to a preset temperature threshold, so as to ensure that the lens is kept at low temperatures. It always maintains clear imaging in high-humidity and high-altitude environments, overcoming the problem of blurred imaging caused by fogging in existing surveillance cameras in similar harsh environments. At the same time, the unit is equipped with a multi-sensor integrated module installed in a high-wind-resistant casing. The high-wind-resistant casing is made of high-strength and lightweight carbon fiber composite materials and is designed with a streamlined appearance based on aerodynamic principles, which greatly reduces the impact of high-altitude strong winds on the monitoring unit and ensures its stable operation under harsh wind conditions. The multi-sensor integrated module integrates high-precision wind speed sensors, wind direction sensors, air pressure sensors, light intensity sensors, and snow thickness sensors, which can comprehensively collect environmental data of key equipment in high-altitude photovoltaic power stations and the areas where photovoltaic panel arrays are located. The collected data is transmitted to the remote monitoring and maintenance control center in real time through a high-altitude dedicated communication network module. Adaptive adjustment mounting bracket: It is the core component to ensure the efficient and stable operation of photovoltaic panels in complex environments at high altitudes, and cooperates with the special protection monitoring unit and the remote monitoring and maintenance control center; it includes a rotating base that can automatically adjust the angle, and an angle control module that is connected to the remote monitoring and maintenance control center is arranged inside the rotating base. The angle control module receives the angle adjustment instructions sent by the remote monitoring and maintenance control center based on the real-time illumination data and snow cover data transmitted by the special protection monitoring unit, and drives the photovoltaic panel to automatically adjust the pitch angle and horizontal angle. The adaptive adjustment mounting bracket also includes a shock-absorbing buffer structure, which adopts a composite form of multi-layer elastic rubber and metal springs, and is respectively arranged between the photovoltaic panel and the rotating base and between the rotating base and the ground fixed foundation, providing reliable and effective buffer protection for the frequent geological vibrations and shaking caused by strong winds in high altitude areas; Remote monitoring and maintenance control center: As the "brain" of the entire system, it manages and controls all parts in a coordinated manner; it is equipped with a data processing server, a display terminal and a remote operation terminal. The data processing server establishes a two-way communication connection with the multi-sensor integrated module in the special protection monitoring unit and the angle control module in the adaptive adjustment mounting bracket, and is responsible for receiving, analyzing and processing a large amount of environmental parameters and equipment operation-related data transmitted from the special protection monitoring unit, and sending precise control instructions to the angle control module based on the analysis results to achieve intelligent adjustment of the angle of the photovoltaic panel; the display terminal can display real-time monitoring images, equipment operation parameters and environmental parameters of each area of ​​the photovoltaic power station in a visual interface, so that the operation and maintenance personnel can intuitively and comprehensively grasp the overall operation status of the power station; the remote operation terminal allows the operation and maintenance personnel to remotely operate some functions of the special protection monitoring unit and the angle adjustment function of the adaptive adjustment mounting bracket, and when equipment failure is detected, according to the preset fault diagnosis and repair strategy, remotely control the start of the corresponding backup equipment or guide the on-site operation and maintenance personnel to perform precise repairs; High-altitude dedicated communication network module: It builds a stable and reliable bridge for information exchange between various parts of the entire system. It is specially designed in view of the complex and changeable atmospheric environment, geographical conditions and communication failures in high-altitude areas. It covers multiple wireless communication base stations distributed in different areas of the photovoltaic power station and backup communication links based on satellite communications. The wireless communication base station adopts enhanced microwave communication technology, and its communication frequency band is optimized and adjusted for the atmospheric environment characteristics of high-altitude areas. The backup communication link is automatically enabled when the wireless communication base station fails or encounters extreme weather and causes communication interruption, ensuring uninterrupted transmission of monitoring data and control instructions.

[0009] Furthermore, the high-definition camera of the special protection monitoring unit is also equipped with an intelligent image enhancement module. The intelligent image enhancement module is based on a deep learning algorithm and can perform real-time analysis on the collected images, automatically identify and enhance the subtle damage features on the surface of the photovoltaic panels in the images and potential safety hazards in the surrounding environment, such as small cracks, accumulation of foreign matter, etc., and transmit the enhanced image data to the display terminal of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center for key prompts, so that operation and maintenance personnel can more accurately and timely discover potential problems in the early stage of the photovoltaic power station.

[0010] Furthermore, the wind speed sensor in the multi-sensor integrated module of the special protection monitoring unit adopts three-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed measurement technology, which can accurately measure the horizontal and vertical wind speed components at the same time. Compared with the traditional two-dimensional wind speed sensor, it can obtain complex wind field information at high altitudes more comprehensively and accurately, and provide more reliable data support for the remote monitoring and maintenance control center to evaluate the overall impact of strong winds on photovoltaic power stations and formulate corresponding response strategies to adapt to the changeable wind direction and wind speed conditions in high altitude areas.

[0011] Furthermore, a pressure sensor is provided inside the shock-absorbing and buffering structure of the adaptively adjustable mounting bracket. The pressure sensor is communicatively connected to the data processing server of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center, and can monitor the pressure value borne by the shock-absorbing and buffering structure in real time, and transmit the data to the remote monitoring and maintenance control center. When the pressure value exceeds a preset safety threshold, the remote monitoring and maintenance control center can promptly issue an early warning signal to prompt the operation and maintenance personnel to inspect and maintain the photovoltaic panels and mounting brackets, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the working status of the shock-absorbing and buffering structure, and effectively preventing the risk of structural damage caused by long-term high-load impact.

[0012] Furthermore, the remote operation terminal of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center is equipped with a virtual reality and augmented reality assisted operation and maintenance module. The operation and maintenance personnel can wear corresponding VR / AR equipment to integrate and display remote monitoring images, equipment parameters and other information with the actual three-dimensional model of the power station based on the module, thereby realizing immersive remote troubleshooting and operation and maintenance operation guidance, and completing complex maintenance and debugging tasks more intuitively and efficiently.

[0013] Furthermore, the wireless communication base station of the high-altitude dedicated communication network module also has a self-organizing network function. The wireless communication base stations can automatically adjust the network topology according to the real-time status of the communication link. When some base stations fail or encounter local communication interference, the communication path can be quickly re-planned to ensure that the communication network of the entire system always maintains connectivity, thereby improving the ability to deal with sudden communication problems in complex high-altitude environments.

[0014] Furthermore, the highly wind-resistant outer shell surface of the specially-made protective monitoring unit is coated with a self-cleaning anti-fouling coating, which is made of a super-hydrophobic and photocatalytic composite material. It not only utilizes the super-hydrophobic property to make it difficult for dust, impurities, etc. to adhere to the outer shell surface, but also decomposes organic pollutants attached to the surface through photocatalysis under light conditions, thereby keeping the outer shell clean and ensuring that the sensor probe of the multi-sensor integrated module and the field of view of the high-definition camera are not obstructed, so as to continuously and accurately collect data and capture images, thereby solving the problem that dust and pollutants are easily accumulated on the outer shell of monitoring equipment in high altitude areas and affect its normal function.

[0015] Furthermore, the rotating base of the adaptively adjustable mounting bracket adopts a high-precision planetary gear transmission structure to achieve the adjustment of the angle of the photovoltaic panel. The planetary gear transmission structure has the characteristics of large transmission ratio, high precision and compact structure, and can achieve small and precise adjustment of the angle, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel can be accurately adjusted to the optimal lighting and snow shaking angle according to the instructions of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center. Compared with the traditional angle adjustment transmission structure, it can effectively avoid angle deviation caused by transmission error.

[0016] Furthermore, the data processing server of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center also has a built-in fault prediction model based on big data analysis and machine learning. The fault prediction model can conduct in-depth analysis of the photovoltaic power station operation data accumulated over a long period of time, including data collected by various sensors, historical equipment operation parameters, etc., and predict in advance the types and time nodes of possible equipment failures, and push the prediction results to the remote operation terminal to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to take preventive measures in advance, thereby realizing the transition from passive maintenance to active prevention, and greatly reducing the risk of downtime due to equipment failure in high-altitude photovoltaic power stations.

[0017] Furthermore, the satellite communication backup link of the high-altitude dedicated communication network module adopts low-orbit satellite communication technology. Compared with traditional high-orbit satellite communication, low-orbit satellite communication technology has the advantages of low signal transmission delay and relatively wide bandwidth. When the communication of the wireless communication base station is interrupted, it can transmit monitoring data and control instructions more quickly and stably, ensuring the real-time control of the photovoltaic power station by the remote monitoring and maintenance control center.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Through the innovative design of the high-definition camera in the special protection monitoring unit, that is, the nano-hydrophobic material coated on the outer layer of the lens and the anti-fog coating integrated with the heating wire combined with the intelligent temperature control module, the problem of lens fogging and blurring in high-altitude, low-temperature and high-humidity environments is effectively solved, ensuring that clear monitoring images can be obtained at all times, making it easier for operation and maintenance personnel to accurately grasp the on-site conditions of the power station.

[0019] The multi-sensor integrated module integrates a variety of high-precision sensors, which can comprehensively collect various key data in high-altitude environments, providing a rich and accurate data basis for subsequent data analysis, risk assessment and decision-making, helping to discover potential problems in advance and take timely response measures to ensure the safe and stable operation of photovoltaic power stations.

[0020] The shock-absorbing and buffering structure of the adaptive adjustment mounting bracket adopts a composite form of multi-layer elastic rubber and metal springs, which can effectively buffer the impact of geological vibrations and strong wind shaking in high-altitude areas on photovoltaic panels, greatly reducing the probability of photovoltaic panels being damaged by external impacts and extending their service life.

[0021] The angle control module in the rotating base can automatically adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel according to the instructions of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center and combined with real-time light and snow accumulation data, so that it always maintains the optimal lighting angle, improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, while shaking off the snow in time to avoid safety hazards caused by snow accumulation.

[0022] The virtual reality (VR) / augmented reality (AR) assisted operation and maintenance module configured in the remote monitoring and maintenance control center enables operation and maintenance personnel to conduct remote troubleshooting and operation guidance through an immersive experience, overcoming the limitations of traditional two-dimensional interface operations, making complex maintenance and debugging tasks more intuitive and efficient, and greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of remote operation and maintenance.

[0023] The fault prediction model based on big data analysis and machine learning built into the data processing server can predict equipment failures in advance, achieving a shift from passive maintenance to active prevention. Operation and maintenance personnel can take measures in advance, effectively reducing the downtime of photovoltaic power stations caused by equipment failures, ensuring the continuity of power generation, and improving overall power generation revenue.

[0024] The wireless communication base stations in the high-altitude dedicated communication network module adopt enhanced microwave communication technology and optimize the communication frequency band. Combined with its self-organizing network function, it can ensure stable communication in complex high-altitude environments. Even if some base stations fail or are interfered with, the communication paths can be quickly replanned to maintain connectivity between various parts of the system.

[0025] The satellite communication backup link adopts low-orbit satellite communication technology, which can transmit data quickly and stably when ground communication is interrupted, overcoming the problems of high latency and limited bandwidth of traditional satellite communications, and further ensuring the uninterrupted real-time control of photovoltaic power stations by the remote monitoring and maintenance control center, ensuring that the entire system can still operate reliably under extreme circumstances. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a system flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a remote monitoring and maintenance installation system for high-altitude photovoltaic power stations, a special protection monitoring unit HD camera part: A high-definition camera with high-cold resistance is selected as the basic equipment for image acquisition. The anti-fog coating on the outer layer of the lens is prepared by integrating nano-hydrophobic materials with extremely fine heating wires through a special process. The nano-hydrophobic material makes the lens surface super-hydrophobic, making it difficult for water droplets to adhere, and the heating wire is connected to the built-in intelligent temperature control module. The intelligent temperature control module uses a high-precision temperature sensor to monitor the high-altitude ambient temperature in real time. The temperature sensor has the characteristics of fast response and high-precision measurement, and can accurately sense changes in ambient temperature. When the temperature is lower than the preset temperature threshold, the intelligent temperature control module automatically controls the heating wire to start heating based on the built-in temperature power control algorithm, and dynamically adjusts the heating power according to the real-time feedback of the temperature to ensure that the surface temperature of the lens is maintained in an appropriate range to prevent water vapor condensation and frosting, thereby ensuring that the lens always has clear imaging.

[0029] To further improve the image quality, the HD camera is also equipped with an intelligent image enhancement module. This module is built based on the convolutional neural network in the deep learning algorithm, and is pre-trained with a large amount of image data labeled with subtle damage features on the surface of the photovoltaic panels and potential safety hazards in the surrounding environment. During actual operation, the images collected by the camera are transmitted to the intelligent image enhancement module, which extracts and analyzes the features of the image, automatically enhances the contrast and clarity of these key features, and then transmits the enhanced image data to the display terminal of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center via wired or wireless means. Special signs or pop-up windows are used on the display terminal to provide key prompts, so that the operation and maintenance personnel can detect them in time.

[0030] Multi-sensor integrated module part: The wind speed sensor used in the multi-sensor integrated module uses three-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed measurement technology. It is equipped with multiple ultrasonic transducers distributed at specific angles. It transmits and receives ultrasonic signals and measures the horizontal and vertical wind speed components simultaneously according to the changes in the propagation time of ultrasonic waves at different wind speeds. The wind direction sensor is based on the principle of wind cup or wind vane combined with a high-precision angle sensor to accurately measure the wind direction. The air pressure sensor uses a high-precision piezoresistive sensor, which can accurately measure the changes in air pressure in high-altitude areas. The light intensity sensor uses a photodiode as the core component, which reflects the light intensity by detecting the size of the photocurrent generated by light. The snow thickness sensor is based on the principle of infrared reflection, and determines the thickness of the snow by emitting infrared rays and receiving the reflected signal.

[0031] The sensor probes are specially protected and designed to be sealed, frost-resistant, and wind-proof to ensure that they can work stably in harsh environments at high altitudes. The data collected by each sensor is converted into digital signals by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit, packaged in a unified data format, and then transmitted in real time to the data processing server of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center through wired or wireless communication methods.

[0032] High wind resistant outer shell: The highly wind-resistant shell of the special protective monitoring unit is made of high-strength and lightweight carbon fiber composite materials. This material has the characteristics of high strength and low density. It can withstand the impact of high-altitude strong winds without bringing too much weight burden to the overall monitoring unit. During the manufacturing process, according to the principles of aerodynamics, the shell shape is optimized and designed through computer simulation wind tunnel experiments and other means to make it streamlined. The specific shape can be a cross-sectional shape similar to that of an aircraft wing. When strong winds pass through the shell, it can effectively reduce the pressure difference caused by the airflow on it, reducing wind resistance and wind-induced vibration.

[0033] The surface of the shell is coated with a self-cleaning anti-fouling coating, which is made by mixing super-hydrophobic material and photocatalytic material in a certain proportion and evenly covering the surface of the shell by spraying or other processes. In daily use, the super-hydrophobic property makes it difficult for pollutants such as dust and impurities to adhere to the shell. Even if there is a small amount of attachment, the photocatalytic material will be activated under light conditions, and use light energy to decompose organic pollutants on the surface into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide and water, thereby keeping the shell clean and ensuring that the sensor probe of the multi-sensor integrated module and the field of view of the high-definition camera are not blocked and always work normally.

[0034] Self-adjusting mounting bracket Rotating base part: The rotating base of the adaptive adjustment mounting bracket adopts a high-precision planetary gear transmission structure to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel. The planetary gear transmission structure is mainly composed of a sun gear, a planetary gear, an inner gear ring, and a planetary carrier. The sun gear is used as an input shaft and is connected to the drive motor. The drive motor receives the control signal from the angle control module of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center. The planetary gear revolves around the sun gear while rotating, and meshes with the inner gear ring for transmission, and finally drives the photovoltaic panel to rotate through the output power of the planetary carrier. This structure achieves a large transmission ratio by reasonably designing the parameters such as the modulus, number of teeth, and tooth width of each gear. It can convert the high-speed and low-torque output of the drive motor into the low-speed and high-torque rotation required by the photovoltaic panel, thereby achieving small and precise adjustment of the angle. During the angle adjustment process, the angle control module calculates the optimal angle instruction based on the real-time illumination data and snow cover data transmitted by the special protection monitoring unit of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center. The drive motor drives the planetary gear transmission structure to accurately adjust the pitch angle and horizontal angle of the photovoltaic panel, so that the photovoltaic panel is always at the best lighting angle and can shake off the snow in time by changing the angle.

[0035] Shock-absorbing and buffering structure: The shock-absorbing and buffering structure adopts the composite form of multiple layers of elastic rubber and metal springs. Specifically, shock-absorbing and buffering components are respectively arranged between the photovoltaic panel and the rotating base, and between the rotating base and the ground fixed foundation. Taking the shock-absorbing and buffering component between the photovoltaic panel and the rotating base as an example, its outer layer is a high-strength rubber pad, and a plurality of spiral metal springs are inlaid inside the rubber pad. The elastic coefficients of these springs are reasonably selected and configured according to factors such as the weight of the photovoltaic panel and the maximum impact force expected in high-altitude areas. When subjected to frequent geological vibrations or shaking caused by strong winds in high-altitude areas, the rubber pad first undergoes elastic deformation and absorbs part of the energy. At the same time, the metal spring is further compressed or stretched, and the remaining impact energy is converted into elastic potential energy and stored, and slowly released after the impact force disappears, thereby effectively buffering the impact on the photovoltaic panel.

[0036] A pressure sensor is also provided inside the shock-absorbing and buffering structure. The pressure sensor uses a piezoresistive pressure sensor and is installed at key stress points such as the contact between the metal spring and the rubber pad to monitor the pressure value of the shock-absorbing and buffering structure in real time. The pressure sensor converts the pressure signal into an electrical signal, which is processed by amplification, filtering and other signal conditioning circuits, and then transmitted to the data processing server of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center via wired means. When the pressure value received by the data processing server exceeds the preset safety threshold, a warning prompt box will pop up on the display terminal of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center. At the same time, the operation and maintenance personnel can be reminded to inspect and maintain the photovoltaic panels and mounting brackets through sound alarms and other means.

[0037] Remote monitoring and maintenance control center Data processing server part: The data processing server of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center uses a high-performance industrial computer with powerful computing and data storage capabilities, and can simultaneously process data from multiple special protection monitoring units and adaptive adjustment mounting brackets. It runs a specially developed monitoring and maintenance management software that adopts a modular design, including a data receiving module, a data analysis module, a control instruction generation module, and a fault prediction module.

[0038] The data receiving module is responsible for receiving the data collected by each sensor and the status information of each device transmitted through the high-altitude dedicated communication network module, and classifies and stores these data in the database according to different sources and types. The data analysis module uses data mining, statistical analysis and other algorithms to perform real-time analysis on the stored data. For example, it evaluates the impact of strong winds on the overall photovoltaic power station based on wind speed and wind direction data, calculates the power generation efficiency based on light intensity and photovoltaic panel angle data, and provides the analysis results to the control instruction generation module. The control instruction generation module generates an angle adjustment instruction based on the results of the data analysis module and the preset optimal operating parameters of the photovoltaic panel, and sends it to the angle control module of the adaptive adjustment mounting bracket to achieve intelligent adjustment of the photovoltaic panel angle.

[0039] The fault prediction module is built based on big data analysis and machine learning technology. It collects a large amount of historical photovoltaic power station operation data as training samples and uses appropriate machine learning algorithms to train the model so that it can learn the potential relationship between equipment failures and various operating parameters. In actual operation, the fault prediction module regularly conducts in-depth analysis of the currently accumulated data, predicts the possible fault types and time nodes of the equipment in advance, and pushes the prediction results to the remote operation terminal, so that the operation and maintenance personnel can take corresponding preventive measures in advance, such as preparing maintenance spare parts in advance and arranging on-site inspections.

[0040] Display terminal part: The display terminal uses a high-resolution LCD or light-emitting diode display screen, and by running visualization software, it displays the real-time monitoring images, equipment operating parameters, and environmental parameters of each area of ​​the photovoltaic power station transmitted by the data processing server to the operation and maintenance personnel in an intuitive graphical interface. For example, the location and status of each special protection monitoring unit are displayed in the form of a three-dimensional map of the power station, and the parameter change curves of the photovoltaic panel's power generation, ambient temperature, wind speed, etc. are presented in real time in the form of charts. The potential hidden dangers marked by the intelligent image enhancement module are highlighted on the monitoring image, etc., which facilitates the operation and maintenance personnel to fully and intuitively grasp the overall operation status of the power station.

[0041] Remote operation terminal part: The remote operation terminal can be a desktop computer, laptop computer or tablet computer and other terminal devices with network communication functions and operation input devices. The operation and maintenance personnel can remotely operate some functions of the special protection monitoring unit and the angle adjustment function of the adaptive adjustment mounting bracket by logging into the operation interface of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center.

[0042] In addition, the remote operation terminal is equipped with a virtual reality / augmented reality assisted operation and maintenance module, which obtains real-time 3D model data of the power station, monitoring images, equipment parameters and other information by interacting with the data processing server. After the operation and maintenance personnel wear the corresponding VR / AR equipment, they can integrate and display this information to achieve immersive remote troubleshooting and operation and maintenance operation guidance. For example, when troubleshooting photovoltaic panel failures, the operation and maintenance personnel will superimpose virtual information such as the internal structure of the photovoltaic panel, circuit connections, and fault prompt signs on the actual scene seen by the AR smart glasses, which is convenient for accurately locating the problem and performing corresponding maintenance operations.

[0043] High altitude dedicated communication network module Wireless communication base station part: Multiple wireless communication base stations in the high-altitude dedicated communication network module are distributed in different areas of the photovoltaic power station. They use enhanced microwave communication technology, and their communication frequency bands are optimized and adjusted according to the atmospheric environment characteristics of high-altitude areas. For example, after field radio wave propagation tests and spectrum analysis, they choose to communicate in a frequency band that is relatively less affected by atmospheric interference and has lower propagation losses.

[0044] Each wireless communication base station has a self-organizing network function and is internally configured with an intelligent network routing protocol module, which is implemented based on the self-organizing network algorithm of the wireless sensor network. During normal operation, the base stations communicate with each other through wireless signals and exchange link status information in real time. When some base stations fail or encounter local communication interference, resulting in interruption of the communication link, the network routing protocol module can automatically adjust the network topology structure, re-plan the communication path, and select other available base stations for data forwarding based on the current network topology structure and the connection status of each base station, so as to ensure that the communication network of the entire system always maintains connectivity and ensure stable and reliable data transmission between the special protection monitoring unit, the adaptive adjustment mounting bracket and the remote monitoring and maintenance control center.

[0045] Satellite communication backup link section: The satellite communication backup link uses low-orbit satellite communication technology and selects a suitable low-orbit satellite communication system to connect with it. The satellite orbit altitude in the low-orbit satellite communication system is usually within the range of 500-2000 kilometers. Compared with traditional high-orbit satellite communications, it has the advantages of low signal transmission delay and relatively wide bandwidth.

[0046] When a wireless communication base station fails or communication is interrupted due to extreme weather, the system automatically switches to the satellite communication backup link, and transmits the data collected by the special protection monitoring unit to the remote monitoring and maintenance control center through the communication link between the ground station and the low-orbit satellite. At the same time, it receives control instructions from the remote monitoring and maintenance control center and forwards them to the corresponding equipment, ensuring real-time control of the photovoltaic power station by the remote monitoring and maintenance control center, and ensuring that the entire system can still operate reliably under extreme conditions.

[0047] During the implementation of the entire high-altitude photovoltaic power station remote monitoring and maintenance installation system, each part is connected and coordinated through strict interface standards and communication protocols to ensure the overall stable and efficient operation of the system, and realize all-round monitoring, precise maintenance and reliable remote management of high-altitude photovoltaic power stations to cope with the various challenges brought by the special environment of high altitudes and ensure the continuous and safe power generation of photovoltaic power stations.

Claims

1. A remote monitoring and maintenance installation system for a high-altitude photovoltaic power station, comprising a special protection monitoring unit, an adaptive adjustment installation bracket, a remote monitoring and maintenance control center, and a high-altitude dedicated communication network module, which are sequentially connected and work in coordination, and are characterized by: Special protection monitoring unit: As the key part of the front-end data collection of the whole system, it is built for the special environment of high altitude. It has multiple sub-components with collaborative protection functions. Among them, the high-definition camera that is resistant to high cold and has automatic defrosting function is coated with an anti-fog coating based on nano-hydrophobic material and electric heating wire. The electric heating wire is connected to the built-in intelligent temperature control module. The intelligent temperature control module monitors the high-altitude ambient temperature in real time and automatically and accurately adjusts the heating power of the electric heating wire according to the preset temperature threshold. In this way, the lens can always maintain a clear imaging state in the high-altitude environment of low temperature and high humidity, overcoming the problem that the existing surveillance cameras are prone to blurred imaging due to fogging in similar harsh environments. At the same time, the unit is equipped with a multi-sensor integrated module installed in a high wind-resistant shell. The high wind-resistant shell is made of high-strength and lightweight carbon fiber composite materials and is designed with a streamlined appearance based on aerodynamic principles, which greatly reduces the impact of high-altitude strong winds on the monitoring unit and ensures its stable operation under adverse wind conditions. The multi-sensor integrated module integrates high-precision wind speed sensors, wind direction sensors, air pressure sensors, light intensity sensors, and snow thickness sensors, which can comprehensively collect environmental data of key equipment in high-altitude photovoltaic power stations and photovoltaic panel array areas. The collected data is transmitted to the remote monitoring and maintenance control center in real time through a high-altitude dedicated communication network module. Adaptive adjustment mounting bracket: It is the core component to ensure the efficient and stable operation of photovoltaic panels in complex environments at high altitudes, and cooperates with the special protection monitoring unit and the remote monitoring and maintenance control center; it includes a rotating base that can automatically adjust the angle, and an angle control module that is connected to the remote monitoring and maintenance control center is arranged inside the rotating base. The angle control module receives the angle adjustment instructions sent by the remote monitoring and maintenance control center based on the real-time illumination data and snow cover data transmitted by the special protection monitoring unit, and drives the photovoltaic panel to automatically adjust the pitch angle and horizontal angle. The adaptive adjustment mounting bracket also includes a shock-absorbing buffer structure, which adopts a composite form of multi-layer elastic rubber and metal springs, and is respectively arranged between the photovoltaic panel and the rotating base and between the rotating base and the ground fixed foundation, providing reliable and effective buffer protection for the frequent geological vibrations and shaking caused by strong winds in high altitude areas; Remote monitoring and maintenance control center: As the "brain" of the entire system, it manages and controls all parts in a coordinated manner; it is equipped with a data processing server, a display terminal and a remote operation terminal. The data processing server establishes a two-way communication connection with the multi-sensor integrated module in the special protection monitoring unit and the angle control module in the adaptive adjustment mounting bracket, and is responsible for receiving, analyzing and processing a large amount of environmental parameters and equipment operation-related data transmitted from the special protection monitoring unit, and sending precise control instructions to the angle control module based on the analysis results to achieve intelligent adjustment of the angle of the photovoltaic panel; the display terminal can display the real-time monitoring images, equipment operation parameters and environmental parameters of each area of ​​the photovoltaic power station in a visual interface, so that the operation and maintenance personnel can intuitively and comprehensively grasp the overall operation status of the power station; the remote operation terminal allows the operation and maintenance personnel to remotely operate some functions of the special protection monitoring unit and the angle adjustment function of the adaptive adjustment mounting bracket, and when equipment failure is detected, according to the preset fault diagnosis and repair strategy, remotely control the start of the corresponding backup equipment or guide the on-site operation and maintenance personnel to perform precise maintenance; High-altitude dedicated communication network module: It builds a stable and reliable bridge for information exchange between various parts of the entire system. It is specially designed in view of the complex and changeable atmospheric environment, geographical conditions and communication failures in high-altitude areas. It covers multiple wireless communication base stations distributed in different areas of the photovoltaic power station and backup communication links based on satellite communications. The wireless communication base station adopts enhanced microwave communication technology, and its communication frequency band is optimized and adjusted for the atmospheric environment characteristics of high-altitude areas. The backup communication link is automatically enabled when the wireless communication base station fails or encounters extreme weather and causes communication interruption, ensuring uninterrupted transmission of monitoring data and control instructions.

2. The high altitude photovoltaic power station remote monitoring and maintenance installation system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The high-definition camera of the special protection monitoring unit is also equipped with an intelligent image enhancement module. The intelligent image enhancement module is based on a deep learning algorithm and can perform real-time analysis on the collected images, automatically identify and enhance the subtle damage features on the surface of the photovoltaic panels in the images and the potential safety hazards in the surrounding environment, such as small cracks, foreign matter accumulation, etc. The enhanced image data is transmitted to the display terminal of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center for key prompts, so that operation and maintenance personnel can more accurately and timely discover potential problems in the early stage of the photovoltaic power station.

3. The high altitude photovoltaic power station remote monitoring and maintenance installation system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The wind speed sensor in the multi-sensor integrated module of the special protection monitoring unit adopts three-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed measurement technology, which can accurately measure the horizontal and vertical wind speed components at the same time. Compared with the traditional two-dimensional wind speed sensor, it can obtain complex wind field information at high altitudes more comprehensively and accurately, and provide more reliable data support for the remote monitoring and maintenance control center to evaluate the overall impact of strong winds on photovoltaic power stations and formulate corresponding response strategies to adapt to the changeable wind direction and wind speed conditions in high altitude areas.

4. The high altitude photovoltaic power station remote monitoring and maintenance installation system according to claim 3 is characterized by: A pressure sensor is arranged inside the shock-absorbing and buffering structure of the adaptively adjustable mounting bracket. The pressure sensor is communicatively connected to the data processing server of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center, and can monitor the pressure value borne by the shock-absorbing and buffering structure in real time, and transmit the data to the remote monitoring and maintenance control center. When the pressure value exceeds a preset safety threshold, the remote monitoring and maintenance control center can promptly issue an early warning signal to prompt the operation and maintenance personnel to inspect and maintain the photovoltaic panels and the mounting bracket, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the working status of the shock-absorbing and buffering structure and effectively preventing the risk of structural damage caused by long-term high-load impact.

5. The high altitude photovoltaic power station remote monitoring and maintenance installation system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The remote operation terminal of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center is equipped with virtual reality and augmented reality assisted operation and maintenance modules. By wearing corresponding VR / AR equipment, the operation and maintenance personnel can integrate and display remote monitoring images, equipment parameters and other information with the actual three-dimensional model of the power station based on the module, thereby realizing immersive remote troubleshooting and operation and maintenance operation guidance, and completing complex maintenance and debugging tasks more intuitively and efficiently.

6. The high altitude photovoltaic power station remote monitoring and maintenance installation system according to claim 5 is characterized by: The wireless communication base station of the high-altitude dedicated communication network module also has a self-organizing network function. The wireless communication base stations can automatically adjust the network topology according to the real-time status of the communication link. When some base stations fail or encounter local communication interference, the communication path can be quickly re-planned to ensure that the communication network of the entire system always maintains connectivity, thereby improving the ability to deal with sudden communication problems in complex high-altitude environments.

7. The high altitude photovoltaic power station remote monitoring and maintenance installation system according to claim 6 is characterized by: The highly wind-resistant outer shell surface of the specially-made protective monitoring unit is coated with a self-cleaning anti-fouling coating, which is made of a super-hydrophobic and photocatalytic composite material. It not only utilizes the super-hydrophobic property to make it difficult for dust, impurities, etc. to adhere to the outer shell surface, but also decomposes organic pollutants attached to the surface through photocatalysis under light conditions, thereby keeping the outer shell clean and ensuring that the sensor probe of the multi-sensor integrated module and the field of view of the high-definition camera are not obstructed, so as to continuously and accurately collect data and capture images, thereby solving the problem that dust and pollutants are easily accumulated on the outer shell of monitoring equipment in high altitude areas, affecting its normal function.

8. The high altitude photovoltaic power station remote monitoring and maintenance installation system according to claim 7 is characterized by: The rotating base of the adaptive adjustment mounting bracket adopts a high-precision planetary gear transmission structure to achieve the adjustment of the angle of the photovoltaic panel. The planetary gear transmission structure has the characteristics of large transmission ratio, high precision and compact structure, and can achieve small and precise adjustment of the angle, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel can be accurately adjusted to the optimal lighting and snow shaking angle according to the instructions of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center. Compared with the traditional angle adjustment transmission structure, it can effectively avoid angle deviation caused by transmission error.

9. The high altitude photovoltaic power station remote monitoring and maintenance installation system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The data processing server of the remote monitoring and maintenance control center also has a built-in fault prediction model based on big data analysis and machine learning. The fault prediction model can conduct in-depth analysis of the photovoltaic power station operation data accumulated over a long period of time, including data collected by various sensors, historical equipment operation parameters, etc., and predict in advance the possible types and time nodes of equipment failures, and push the prediction results to the remote operation terminal to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to take preventive measures in advance, thereby realizing the transformation from passive maintenance to active prevention, and greatly reducing the risk of downtime due to equipment failure in high-altitude photovoltaic power stations.

10. The high altitude photovoltaic power station remote monitoring and maintenance installation system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The satellite communication backup link of the high-altitude dedicated communication network module adopts low-orbit satellite communication technology. Compared with traditional high-orbit satellite communication, low-orbit satellite communication technology has the advantages of low signal transmission delay and relatively wide bandwidth. When the communication of the wireless communication base station is interrupted, it can transmit monitoring data and control instructions more quickly and stably, ensuring the real-time control of the photovoltaic power station by the remote monitoring and maintenance control center.

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