Mountain photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault early warning installation system

Abstract

The invention discloses a mountainous region photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault early warning installation system which comprises a monitoring unit used for collecting operation data of a mountainous region photovoltaic array in real time, and a fault early warning unit used for judging whether the mountainous region photovoltaic array breaks down or not according to the data collected by the monitoring unit and sending out an early warning signal when the fault occurs. The remote monitoring center is used for receiving data transmitted by the monitoring unit and monitoring and managing the running state of the mountain photovoltaic array in real time, the installation support is used for installing the mountain photovoltaic array, the monitoring unit collects photovoltaic assembly and environment data in real time through various sensors, the data processing module carries out preprocessing and analysis, and the data processing module carries out real-time monitoring and management on the running state of the mountain photovoltaic array. And the data transmission module transmits data to a remote monitoring center in time, so that omnibearing and real-time monitoring of the running state of the mountain photovoltaic array is realized, the running condition of the mountain photovoltaic array can be mastered in time, and potential problems can be found.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of remote monitoring of mountain photovoltaic arrays, and in particular to a remote monitoring and fault warning installation system for mountain photovoltaic arrays. Background Art

[0002] As the global demand for clean energy continues to grow, solar energy has been widely used as a renewable energy source. Mountainous areas have become one of the ideal places to build photovoltaic power stations due to their open terrain and abundant sunshine conditions. However, mountain photovoltaic arrays face many challenges. On the one hand, the mountainous terrain is complex and the terrain is undulating, which makes the installation of photovoltaic arrays more difficult. Mounting brackets that can adapt to different terrain heights and slope changes are required to ensure that photovoltaic modules maintain the best lighting angle and installation height, thereby improving power generation efficiency. On the other hand, the mountainous environment is relatively harsh. Factors such as strong winds and large temperature changes pose a threat to the stability and safety of photovoltaic arrays, which can easily lead to problems such as tilting and collapse of brackets and damage to photovoltaic modules.

[0003] At the same time, mountain photovoltaic power stations usually occupy a large area and are scattered, which brings great difficulties to operation and maintenance management. Traditional manual inspection methods make it difficult to achieve real-time and comprehensive monitoring of photovoltaic arrays and to detect potential faults in a timely manner. Once a fault occurs, it cannot be quickly located and handled, which will lead to reduced power generation efficiency and may even cause further damage to equipment, increase maintenance costs and downtime, and affect the overall economic benefits of the power station. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mountain photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault warning installation system to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a mountain photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault warning installation system, comprising: A monitoring unit, used for collecting the operation data of the mountain photovoltaic array in real time, the monitoring unit includes a data collection module, a data processing module and a data transmission module, the data collection module is used for collecting the voltage, current, temperature data of the photovoltaic module, as well as the ambient temperature and light intensity data, the data processing module is used for preprocessing and analyzing the collected data, and the data transmission module is used for transmitting the processed data to the remote monitoring center; A fault warning unit, used to determine whether a mountain photovoltaic array fails based on the data collected by the monitoring unit, and to send out a warning signal when a fault occurs. The fault warning unit includes a fault diagnosis module and a warning notification module. The fault diagnosis module is used to analyze the data collected by the monitoring unit according to a preset fault diagnosis algorithm to determine whether a photovoltaic array fails. The warning notification module is used to send a warning notification to relevant personnel by SMS, email or sound and light alarm when a fault occurs; A remote monitoring center is used to receive data transmitted by the monitoring unit and to monitor and manage the operating status of the mountain photovoltaic array in real time. The remote monitoring center includes a data receiving module, a data storage module, a data analysis module and a user interaction module. The data receiving module is used to receive data transmitted by the monitoring unit, the data storage module is used to store the received data, the data analysis module is used to further analyze and process the stored data, and the user interaction module is used to display the operating status and analysis results of the mountain photovoltaic array to the user and receive the user's operation instructions; The mounting bracket is used for installing a mountain photovoltaic array. The mounting bracket includes a fixed base, a supporting column, a crossbeam and an adjusting device. The fixed base is used to fix the mounting bracket on the mountain ground. The supporting column is vertically installed on the fixed base. The crossbeam is horizontally installed on the supporting column for installing photovoltaic modules. The adjusting device is used to adjust the angle and height of the crossbeam to adapt to changes in mountain terrain.

[0006] Furthermore, the data acquisition module includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, a light sensor and an ambient temperature sensor. The voltage sensor is used to collect voltage data of the photovoltaic component, the current sensor is used to collect current data of the photovoltaic component, the temperature sensor is used to collect temperature data of the photovoltaic component, the light sensor is used to collect ambient light intensity data, and the ambient temperature sensor is used to collect ambient temperature data.

[0007] Furthermore, the fault judgment algorithm in the fault diagnosis module is constructed based on a deep learning neural network model. The model is trained with a large amount of historical fault data and normal operation data, and can automatically learn the operating characteristics and fault modes of the photovoltaic array under different working conditions; by performing multi-level feature extraction and pattern recognition on the input data, it can accurately judge whether the photovoltaic array has various types of faults such as photovoltaic component short circuit, open circuit, hot spot, inverter fault, cable connection abnormality, etc., and the fault diagnosis accuracy rate is as high as more than 95%; The threshold setting unit provides an intelligent threshold adjustment function, which can not only preset the initial threshold according to factors such as the initial design parameters of the mountain photovoltaic array, equipment aging, seasonal changes, and geographical environment characteristics, but also automatically optimize the threshold according to the statistical analysis results of real-time monitoring data during system operation.

[0008] Furthermore, the SMS sending unit in the early warning notification module establishes a stable connection with the SMS gateways of multiple mainstream mobile operators, and has high-speed and reliable SMS sending capabilities. It can send a preset detailed fault SMS to the designated operation and maintenance personnel and management personnel's mobile phones within 10 seconds after the fault occurs. The SMS content includes the fault type, occurrence time, fault location and preliminary fault analysis and suggestion information, ensuring that relevant personnel can obtain key information and respond in a timely manner. The email sending unit integrates a professional email sending engine and supports multiple email protocols. It can send emails containing detailed fault reports, fault site photos, data analysis charts and other rich content to relevant technical experts, managers, etc. according to the preset email list. The email sending success rate is as high as over 99%, providing comprehensive data support for further fault analysis and processing. The sound and light alarm unit is equipped with a high-brightness LED warning light and a high-power buzzer. The warning light has a variety of color displays and a visible distance of more than 500 meters. The volume of the buzzer is adjustable and the maximum volume can reach more than 120 decibels. It can clearly send a strong sound and light alarm signal to the surrounding staff on site, ensuring that personnel can detect faults in time even in complex mountain environments and noisy construction sites.

[0009] Furthermore, the data visualization module of the remote monitoring center adopts advanced Web visualization technology and is developed based on front-end technology frameworks such as HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript. It can generate a dynamic and highly interactive visualization interface; it displays the real-time power generation power, voltage and current curves, component temperature distribution, and key operating parameters of the ambient light intensity changes of the photovoltaic array through intuitive charts; it displays the power generation efficiency and fault frequency trend information of the photovoltaic array in different time periods through real-time updated curves; it lists daily, weekly, and monthly power generation statistics, fault statistics, equipment operating time and other data in detail in the form of reports, providing users with comprehensive and in-depth operating status information, so that users can quickly understand the overall operation of the photovoltaic array and discover potential problems in time.

[0010] Furthermore, the support column of the mounting bracket adopts a retractable structure made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and a precise screw transmission mechanism is designed inside. Through electric drive or manual operation, the support column can be accurately retracted and adjusted within the range of 1.5 meters to 5 meters, and the retractable accuracy can reach ±5 mm; this retractable structure can effectively adapt to the large ups and downs of mountain terrain, ensuring that the photovoltaic array can maintain the best installation angle and height at different terrain heights, thereby improving power generation efficiency, facilitating installation and transportation, and reducing construction difficulty and cost.

[0011] Furthermore, the crossbeam of the mounting bracket is a rotatable structure made of high-strength steel, which is connected to the supporting column by a high-precision slewing bearing, so that the crossbeam can be freely rotated and adjusted within the range of ±30° in the horizontal direction, and the rotation angle accuracy can reach ±1°; an angle sensor is installed on the crossbeam, which can monitor the rotation angle of the crossbeam in real time and transmit the data to a remote monitoring center; this rotatable structure can accurately adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic module according to the changes in the slope of the mountain terrain and the changes in the solar azimuth in different seasons, maximize the reception of solar radiation, improve the power generation performance of the photovoltaic array, and ensure that the system is always in the best operating state in complex mountain environments.

[0012] Furthermore, the electric push rod in the adjustment device is driven by a high-performance DC motor, and by connecting to a remote monitoring center, the height of the beam can be accurately adjusted according to a preset program or a user's manual instruction, thereby realizing an automated height adjustment function to adapt to changes in different terrain heights and lighting conditions; The angle adjustment mechanism adopts a combination of a worm gear reducer and an electric rotary actuator. It has the advantages of a large transmission ratio, good self-locking performance and high precision. It can accurately control the rotation angle of the beam to ensure that the photovoltaic modules always maintain the best lighting angle and improve the power generation efficiency. At the same time, when encountering severe weather such as strong winds, the beam can be adjusted to a safe angle to enhance the system's wind resistance.

[0013] Furthermore, the mounting bracket also includes a windproof cable assembly, which is made of high-strength steel wire rope, with both ends connected to key parts of the mounting bracket and equipped with a tensioner with adjustable length. In a windy mountain environment, the windproof cable can effectively enhance the lateral stability of the mounting bracket and prevent the bracket from tilting or collapsing due to strong winds; according to different terrain and wind conditions, the windproof cable can be set to 2 to 4, and its angle with the ground can be adjusted between 30° and 60°.

[0014] Furthermore, the wireless communication methods used between the remote monitoring center and the monitoring unit have their own advantages and back up each other; 4G / 5G communication technology provides a high-speed, stable, wide-area coverage network, which can realize the rapid transmission of large amounts of data, ensuring that the monitoring data is transmitted to the remote monitoring center in real time and accurately, and is suitable for remote monitoring scenarios of large-scale mountain photovoltaic arrays; Wi-Fi communication is convenient for data interaction and monitoring between devices within the station within a short range; ZigBee communication, with its low power consumption and strong self-organizing networking capabilities, is suitable for data transmission between distributed sensor nodes and data acquisition modules, ensuring that even if the communication of some nodes is blocked in a complex mountain environment, the continuity of data transmission can still be maintained through self-organizing networking.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The monitoring unit collects PV module and environmental data in real time through a variety of sensors. The data processing module performs preprocessing and analysis. The data transmission module promptly transmits the data to the remote monitoring center, thus achieving all-round and real-time monitoring of the operating status of the mountain PV array, making it easier to grasp its operating status and discover potential problems.

[0016] The fault diagnosis module is based on a deep learning neural network model. After training with a large amount of historical data, it can accurately judge various fault types with an accuracy rate of more than 95%. Combined with the threshold setting unit, the threshold is intelligently adjusted to improve the accuracy and adaptability of fault judgment. The early warning notification module quickly notifies relevant personnel in a variety of ways when a fault occurs, ensuring that the operation and maintenance and management personnel respond in time, reducing downtime and losses.

[0017] The data visualization module of the remote monitoring center uses advanced technology to generate a dynamic and highly interactive interface, which intuitively displays key operating parameters, trend information and statistical data, allowing users to quickly understand the overall operating status of the photovoltaic array, helping to make scientific and reasonable operation and maintenance decisions and improve management efficiency.

[0018] The support column of the mounting bracket adopts a retractable structure, which can accurately adjust the height within the range of 1.5 meters to 5 meters to adapt to the undulating mountain terrain, ensure the best installation angle and height of the photovoltaic array, improve power generation efficiency, and facilitate installation and transportation, reducing construction difficulty and cost. The crossbeam adopts a rotatable structure, which can be rotated and adjusted within the range of ±30° in the horizontal direction. The direction of the photovoltaic module can be adjusted according to the terrain slope and seasonal changes to maximize the reception of solar radiation and improve power generation performance.

[0019] The electric push rod and angle adjustment mechanism of the adjustment device can realize the automatic height and angle adjustment of the beam, adapt to different environmental changes, improve power generation efficiency, and enhance wind resistance. The windproof cable assembly effectively enhances the lateral stability of the bracket in windy mountainous environments, prevents bracket damage, and ensures safe and stable operation of the system.

[0020] The remote monitoring center and the monitoring units use a variety of wireless communication methods to back up each other. 4G / 5G ensures the rapid transmission of big data and is suitable for large-scale remote monitoring of power stations; Wi-Fi facilitates data interaction between equipment within the station; ZigBee is suitable for distributed sensor node data transmission, ensuring the continuity and stability of data transmission in complex mountain environments, and ensuring the reliable operation of the monitoring system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a system flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a mountain photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault warning installation system, a monitoring unit 1. Data acquisition module The voltage sensor uses a high-precision voltage measurement chip, such as MAX471, which can accurately measure the voltage value at both ends of the photovoltaic module. The measurement range is 0-100V and the accuracy can reach ±0.5%. Connect the voltage sensor to the positive and negative poles of the photovoltaic module to obtain voltage data in real time.

[0024] The current sensor uses a Hall effect current sensor, such as ACS712, which can measure currents from 0 to 50 A with an accuracy of ±1%. The current sensor is connected in series in the output circuit of the photovoltaic module to collect current data.

[0025] The temperature sensor uses a negative temperature coefficient thermistor, such as the MF58 series. It is attached to the back of the photovoltaic module to measure the temperature of the module. The measurement range is -50℃-150℃, and the accuracy is ±0.3℃.

[0026] The light sensor is a silicon photocell sensor, such as BS520, which can convert light intensity into a voltage signal with a measurement range of 0-2000W / m² and an accuracy of ±5%. The light sensor is installed near the photovoltaic array, facing the sun, to collect ambient light intensity data.

[0027] The ambient temperature sensor uses a digital temperature sensor DS18B20, which has a measurement accuracy of ±0.5°C and a measurement range of -55°C to 125°C. The ambient temperature sensor is installed in the air around the photovoltaic array to collect ambient temperature data.

[0028] 2. Data processing module The data processing module uses a high-performance microcontroller, such as the STM32 series single-chip microcomputer. First, the collected data is filtered to remove noise interference, and the median filter algorithm is used to sort the multiple data collected continuously, and the middle value is taken as the valid data. Then the data is normalized, and the data of different ranges and units are converted to a unified numerical range for subsequent analysis.

[0029] Perform preliminary analysis on the processed data, such as calculating the power of the PV module and comparing it with the preset normal working power range. If the power is outside the normal range, the data is marked as abnormal data and awaits further analysis.

[0030] 3. Data transmission module The data transmission module uses a 4G communication module, such as SIM7600CE. It is connected to the data processing module through the serial port, and the communication parameters such as baud rate, data bit, stop bit, etc. are configured. When there is data to be transmitted, the data processing module packages the data according to the predetermined communication protocol and sends the data to the remote monitoring center through the 4G network. At the same time, in order to ensure the reliability of data transmission, a data retransmission mechanism is set. If the confirmation signal from the remote monitoring center is not received within a certain period of time, the data is resent.

[0031] 2. Fault warning unit 1. Fault diagnosis module The fault diagnosis module is built based on a deep learning neural network model and uses the TensorFlow framework for model development. A large amount of historical fault data and normal operation data of mountain photovoltaic arrays are collected, including various types of fault data such as photovoltaic module short circuit, open circuit, hot spot, inverter fault, cable connection abnormality, etc. The amount of data for each fault type is not less than 1,000 groups, and the amount of normal operation data is not less than 5,000 groups.

[0032] The collected data is preprocessed, including data cleaning and feature extraction. The preprocessed data is divided into training set, validation set and test set with a ratio of 7:2:1.

[0033] Construct a neural network model, using a structure that combines a multi-layer convolutional neural network and a fully connected layer. The CNN layer is used to automatically extract features from the data. Set 3-5 CNN layers, and adjust the number and size of convolution kernels in each layer according to the data characteristics. The fully connected layer is used for fault classification, and the output of the last layer is the probability distribution of the fault type. Use the training set to train the model, use the stochastic gradient descent algorithm to optimize the model parameters, set the learning rate to 0.001, and the number of iterations to 1000. During the training process, the model is verified by the validation set. When the accuracy of the model on the validation set no longer improves, stop training and obtain a trained fault diagnosis model.

[0034] In actual operation, the fault diagnosis module receives the data collected by the monitoring unit and inputs it into the trained model, which outputs the probability of the fault type. If the probability of a certain fault type exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that the photovoltaic array has this type of fault.

[0035] 2. Early warning notification module SMS sending unit: The SMS sending unit uses a SMS modem device, such as Huawei EM310. Connect it to the main control chip of the fault warning unit through the serial port. Insert a SIM card that supports multiple operators into the device and configure the SMS gateway parameters. When a fault occurs, the main control chip sends the relevant information to the SMS modem according to the preset SMS template. The SMS modem sends the SMS to the designated operation and maintenance personnel and management personnel's mobile phones within 10 seconds.

[0036] Email sending unit: The email sending unit integrates the JavaMail email sending engine. Configure the email server parameters on the server of the fault warning unit. When a fault occurs, according to the preset email list, emails containing detailed fault reports, photos of the fault site, data analysis charts and other rich content will be sent to relevant technical experts, managers, etc. During the email sending process, set the email retry mechanism. If the sending fails, retry every 5 minutes, up to 3 times, to ensure that the email sending success rate is as high as 99% or more.

[0037] Sound and light alarm unit: The high-brightness LED warning light of the sound and light alarm unit uses a combination of red, yellow and green LED lamp beads, which are connected to the main control chip of the fault warning unit through a drive circuit. When a fault occurs, the main control chip controls the LED lamp beads to display the corresponding color according to the type of fault, and the visible distance of the warning light can reach more than 500 meters. The high-power buzzer uses a piezoelectric buzzer with a rated voltage of 12V and adjustable volume, which is connected to the main control chip through a transistor drive circuit. The main control chip controls the buzzer to emit an alarm sound, with a maximum volume of more than 120 decibels, and the sound frequency is set between 1000Hz-2000Hz, so as to clearly send a strong sound and light alarm signal to the surrounding staff on site.

[0038] 3. Remote Monitoring Center 1. Data receiving module The data receiving module uses a server-side program based on Socket programming. A listening port is created on the server of the remote monitoring center to wait for the data transmission request from the monitoring unit. When the data from the monitoring unit is received, the data is parsed according to the predetermined communication protocol, and the parsed data is stored in the data buffer for subsequent processing.

[0039] 2. Data storage module The data storage module uses the relational database MySQL to store the received data. The database table structure is designed, including the photovoltaic module information table, the operation data table, and the fault record table. When the data receiving module receives the data, it inserts the data into the database according to the corresponding table structure. At the same time, a data backup strategy is set to perform a full backup of the previous day's data at 2 a.m. every day, and perform an off-site backup once a week to prevent data loss.

[0040] 3. Data Analysis Module The data analysis module is developed using Python language combined with a data analysis library. Data is read from the data storage module and analyzed in depth. For example, the daily and monthly power generation of the photovoltaic array is calculated, the trend of power generation efficiency changes in different time periods is analyzed, and the frequency of faults is counted. The analysis results are displayed in the form of charts so that users can intuitively understand the operating status of the photovoltaic array.

[0041] 4. User interaction module The user interaction module uses Web development technology, and the front end uses HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript frameworks to build a dynamic and highly interactive user interface. The back end uses Node.js to develop server-side programs to interact with the data analysis module and data storage module. On the user interface, charts are used to display key operating parameters such as the real-time power generation of the photovoltaic array, voltage and current curves, component temperature distribution, changes in ambient light intensity, as well as power generation efficiency and fault frequency trend information. At the same time, daily, weekly and monthly power generation statistics, fault statistics, equipment operating time and other data are listed in detail in the form of reports. Users can operate through the interface, such as viewing historical data, setting alarm thresholds, and generating customized reports.

[0042] 4. Mounting bracket 1.Fix the base The fixed base is cast in concrete and is square in shape with a side length of 1.5 meters and a thickness of 0.5 meters. A 20 mm thick steel plate is embedded in the center of the base, and four anchor bolts are welded on the steel plate to connect with the supporting columns. Before casting the base, the ground is leveled to ensure that the horizontal error of the base is within ±1°.

[0043] 2. Support columns The support column is a retractable structure made of high-strength aluminum alloy. The exterior is a square aluminum alloy tube with a diameter of 100 mm × 100 mm and a wall thickness of 5 mm. The internal design is a precision screw transmission mechanism with a screw diameter of 30 mm and a pitch of 5 mm. The electric drive part uses a DC motor with a motor power of 500W, which is connected to the screw through a reduction gear with a reduction ratio of 1:50. A handwheel is installed at the end of the screw in the manual operation part to facilitate adjustment without electricity. The telescopic range of the support column is 1.5 meters to 5 meters, and the telescopic accuracy can reach ±5 mm. During installation, connect the flange at the bottom of the support column to the anchor bolts on the fixed base, and tighten with high-strength bolts to ensure a firm connection.

[0044] 3. Beam The crossbeam is a rotatable structure made of high-strength steel with a rectangular cross-section, 80 mm × 120 mm in size and 4 mm in wall thickness. The crossbeam is connected to the supporting column through a high-precision slewing bearing with an inner diameter of 100 mm, an outer diameter of 200 mm and a load-bearing capacity of 10 tons. An angle sensor, such as a MEMS gyroscope sensor, is installed on the crossbeam with a measurement accuracy of ±0.1°. It is used to monitor the rotation angle of the crossbeam in real time and transmit the data to the remote monitoring center through a signal line. The length of the crossbeam is designed according to the number and layout of the photovoltaic modules, generally 3-6 meters. The mounting rails of the photovoltaic modules are installed on the crossbeam. The rails are made of aluminum alloy and the surface is anodized to improve its corrosion resistance and conductivity.

[0045] 4. Adjustment device Electric push rod: The electric push rod is driven by a high-performance DC motor, the motor model is BLDC24V, the power is 300W. The stroke of the electric push rod is 0.5 meters and the thrust is 5000N. It is connected to the remote monitoring center and receives the control signal from the remote monitoring center to accurately adjust the height of the beam according to the preset program or the user's manual instructions. The installation position of the electric push rod is at the connection between the support column and the beam, and it is connected by a hinge to ensure that the telescopic movement of the push rod can smoothly adjust the height of the beam.

[0046] Angle adjustment mechanism: The angle adjustment mechanism is a combination of a worm gear reducer and an electric rotary actuator. The worm gear reducer has a transmission ratio of 30:1 and has good self-locking performance, which can prevent the beam from rotating due to external force after the angle is adjusted. The output torque of the electric rotary actuator is 50N·m, the rotation angle range is ±30°, and the rotation angle accuracy can reach ±1°. The electric rotary actuator is connected to the beam through a coupling, receives the control signal from the remote monitoring center, and accurately controls the rotation angle of the beam.

[0047] 5. Windproof cable assembly The windproof cable is made of high-strength steel wire rope with a diameter of 8 mm and a tensile strength of 1770MPa. The two ends of the windproof cable are respectively connected to the key parts of the mounting bracket, such as the top of the supporting column and the end of the beam. An adjustable length tensioner is installed at the connection between the windproof cable and the bracket. The tensioner adopts a basket screw structure, and the tightness of the cable can be adjusted by rotating the nut. According to different terrain and wind conditions, the windproof cable can be set to 2 to 4, and its angle with the ground can be adjusted between 30° and 60°. When installing the windproof cable, first determine the number and installation position of the cable according to the terrain and wind conditions, then fix one end of the cable to the bracket, and connect the other end to the ground anchor through the tensioner. Adjust the tensioner to tighten the cable to ensure the lateral stability of the bracket.

[0048] 5. Communication method 1.4G / 5G communication Install 4G / 5G communication modules in the monitoring unit and the remote monitoring center respectively. For example, the monitoring unit uses the SIM7600CE module, and the remote monitoring center uses an industrial-grade 5G router. Configure the communication module and set parameters such as APN, IP address, port number, etc. to ensure that both parties can establish a stable communication connection. The monitoring unit encapsulates the collected data according to the 4G / 5G communication protocol and transmits it to the remote monitoring center through the base station. The remote monitoring center unpacks and processes the data after receiving it. During the communication process, set a communication heartbeat packet and send a heartbeat packet every 30 seconds to detect the status of the communication link. If no heartbeat packet response is received for three consecutive times, it is considered that the communication link is interrupted, and the system automatically switches to the backup communication mode and tries to reconnect to the 4G / 5G network.

[0049] 2.Wi-Fi communication Install a Wi-Fi router in the mountain photovoltaic power station. The coverage range is determined by the scale and layout of the power station. Generally, the coverage radius of a single router is 50-100 meters. The monitoring unit and other devices in the station are equipped with Wi-Fi communication modules, such as ESP8266. Connect the device to the Wi-Fi network and set the IP address in the same network segment. Data interaction and monitoring between devices in the station are carried out through the Wi-Fi network. For example, the monitoring unit transmits the initially processed data to the data storage server in the station, or the remote monitoring center sends control instructions to the adjustment device via Wi-Fi. In order to improve the stability of Wi-Fi communication, set up multiple Wi-Fi access points, and use wireless relay technology to expand the network coverage to ensure that a good communication signal can be maintained at any location in the station.

[0050] 3.ZigBee communication ZigBee communication is used between distributed sensor nodes and data acquisition modules. CC2530 chip is selected as ZigBee communication module to build ZigBee wireless sensor network. Sensor nodes transmit the collected data to the data acquisition module through ZigBee network. ZigBee network adopts star topology, with data acquisition module as coordinator node and sensor node as terminal node. Set the channel, PANID and other parameters of ZigBee network to ensure the stability and reliability of the network. In order to improve the anti-interference ability of communication, the encryption communication function of ZigBee is used to encrypt the transmitted data to prevent the data from being stolen or tampered. At the same time, routing nodes are set in the network. When the communication of some nodes is blocked, the routing nodes automatically select alternative paths for data transmission to maintain the continuity of data transmission.

Claims

1. A mountain photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault warning installation system, characterized in that: include: A monitoring unit, used for collecting the operation data of the mountain photovoltaic array in real time, the monitoring unit includes a data collection module, a data processing module and a data transmission module, the data collection module is used for collecting the voltage, current, temperature data of the photovoltaic module, as well as the ambient temperature and light intensity data, the data processing module is used for preprocessing and analyzing the collected data, and the data transmission module is used for transmitting the processed data to the remote monitoring center; A fault warning unit, used to determine whether a mountain photovoltaic array fails based on the data collected by the monitoring unit, and to send out a warning signal when a fault occurs. The fault warning unit includes a fault diagnosis module and a warning notification module. The fault diagnosis module is used to analyze the data collected by the monitoring unit according to a preset fault diagnosis algorithm to determine whether a photovoltaic array fails. The warning notification module is used to send a warning notification to relevant personnel by SMS, email or sound and light alarm when a fault occurs; A remote monitoring center is used to receive data transmitted by the monitoring unit and to monitor and manage the operating status of the mountain photovoltaic array in real time. The remote monitoring center includes a data receiving module, a data storage module, a data analysis module and a user interaction module. The data receiving module is used to receive data transmitted by the monitoring unit, the data storage module is used to store the received data, the data analysis module is used to further analyze and process the stored data, and the user interaction module is used to display the operating status and analysis results of the mountain photovoltaic array to the user and receive the user's operation instructions; The mounting bracket is used for installing a mountain photovoltaic array. The mounting bracket includes a fixed base, a supporting column, a crossbeam and an adjusting device. The fixed base is used to fix the mounting bracket on the mountain ground. The supporting column is vertically installed on the fixed base. The crossbeam is horizontally installed on the supporting column for installing photovoltaic modules. The adjusting device is used to adjust the angle and height of the crossbeam to adapt to changes in mountain terrain.

2. The mountain photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault warning installation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data acquisition module includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, a light sensor and an ambient temperature sensor. The voltage sensor is used to collect voltage data of the photovoltaic component, the current sensor is used to collect current data of the photovoltaic component, the temperature sensor is used to collect temperature data of the photovoltaic component, the light sensor is used to collect ambient light intensity data, and the ambient temperature sensor is used to collect ambient temperature data.

3. The mountain photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault warning installation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fault judgment algorithm in the fault diagnosis module is constructed based on a deep learning neural network model. The model is trained with a large amount of historical fault data and normal operation data, and can automatically learn the operating characteristics and fault modes of the photovoltaic array under different working conditions. By performing multi-level feature extraction and pattern recognition on the input data, it can accurately judge whether the photovoltaic array has various types of faults such as photovoltaic component short circuit, open circuit, hot spot, inverter fault, cable connection abnormality, etc., and the fault diagnosis accuracy rate is as high as more than 95%; The threshold setting unit provides an intelligent threshold adjustment function, which can not only preset the initial threshold according to factors such as the initial design parameters of the mountain photovoltaic array, equipment aging, seasonal changes, and geographical environment characteristics, but also automatically optimize the threshold according to the statistical analysis results of real-time monitoring data during system operation.

4. The mountain photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault warning installation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The SMS sending unit in the early warning notification module establishes a stable connection with the SMS gateways of multiple mainstream mobile operators and has high-speed and reliable SMS sending capabilities. It can send a preset detailed fault SMS to the designated operation and maintenance personnel and management personnel's mobile phones within 10 seconds after the fault occurs. The SMS content includes the fault type, occurrence time, fault location and preliminary fault analysis and suggestion information, ensuring that relevant personnel can obtain key information and respond in a timely manner. The email sending unit integrates a professional email sending engine and supports multiple email protocols. It can send emails containing detailed fault reports, fault site photos, data analysis charts and other rich content to relevant technical experts, managers, etc. according to the preset email list. The email sending success rate is as high as over 99%, providing comprehensive data support for further fault analysis and processing. The sound and light alarm unit is equipped with a high-brightness LED warning light and a high-power buzzer. The warning light has a variety of color displays and a visible distance of more than 500 meters. The volume of the buzzer is adjustable and the maximum volume can reach more than 120 decibels. It can clearly send a strong sound and light alarm signal to the surrounding staff on site, ensuring that personnel can detect faults in time even in complex mountain environments and noisy construction sites.

5. The mountain photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault warning installation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data visualization module of the remote monitoring center adopts advanced Web visualization technology and is developed based on front-end technology frameworks such as HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript. It can generate a dynamic and highly interactive visualization interface; it displays the real-time power generation power, voltage and current curves, component temperature distribution, and key operating parameters of the ambient light intensity changes of the photovoltaic array through intuitive charts; it displays the power generation efficiency and fault frequency trend information of the photovoltaic array in different time periods through real-time updated curves; it lists daily, weekly, and monthly power generation statistics, fault statistics, equipment operating time and other data in detail in the form of reports, providing users with comprehensive and in-depth operating status information, so that users can quickly understand the overall operation of the photovoltaic array and discover potential problems in time.

6. The mountain photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault warning installation system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The support column of the mounting bracket is a retractable structure made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and a precise screw transmission mechanism is designed inside. Through electric drive or manual operation, the support column can be accurately retracted and adjusted within the range of 1.5 meters to 5 meters, and the retractable accuracy can reach ±5 mm; this retractable structure can effectively adapt to the large ups and downs of mountain terrain, ensuring that the photovoltaic array can maintain the best installation angle and height at different terrain heights, thereby improving power generation efficiency, facilitating installation and transportation, and reducing construction difficulty and cost.

7. The mountain photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault warning installation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The crossbeam of the mounting bracket is a rotatable structure made of high-strength steel, which is connected to the supporting column by a high-precision slewing bearing, so that the crossbeam can be freely rotated and adjusted within the range of ±30° in the horizontal direction, and the rotation angle accuracy can reach ±1°; an angle sensor is installed on the crossbeam, which can monitor the rotation angle of the crossbeam in real time and transmit the data to a remote monitoring center; this rotatable structure can accurately adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic module according to the changes in the slope of the mountain terrain and the changes in the solar azimuth in different seasons, maximize the reception of solar radiation, improve the power generation performance of the photovoltaic array, and ensure that the system is always in the best operating state in complex mountain environments.

8. The mountain photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault warning installation system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The electric push rod in the adjustment device is driven by a high-performance DC motor. By connecting to a remote monitoring center, the height of the beam can be accurately adjusted according to a preset program or a user's manual instruction, realizing an automated height adjustment function to adapt to changes in different terrain heights and lighting conditions; The angle adjustment mechanism adopts a combination of a worm gear reducer and an electric rotary actuator. It has the advantages of a large transmission ratio, good self-locking performance and high precision. It can accurately control the rotation angle of the beam to ensure that the photovoltaic modules always maintain the best lighting angle and improve the power generation efficiency. At the same time, when encountering severe weather such as strong winds, the beam can be adjusted to a safe angle to enhance the system's wind resistance.

9. The mountain photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault warning installation system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The mounting bracket also includes a windproof cable assembly, which is made of high-strength steel wire rope, with both ends connected to key parts of the mounting bracket and equipped with a tensioner with adjustable length. In a windy mountain environment, the windproof cable can effectively enhance the lateral stability of the mounting bracket and prevent the bracket from tilting or collapsing due to strong winds; according to different terrain and wind conditions, the windproof cable can be set to 2 to 4, and its angle with the ground can be adjusted between 30° and 60°.

10. The mountain photovoltaic array remote monitoring and fault warning installation system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The wireless communication methods used between the remote monitoring center and the monitoring unit have their own advantages and back up each other; 4G / 5G communication technology provides a high-speed, stable, wide-area coverage network, which can realize the rapid transmission of large amounts of data, ensuring that the monitoring data is transmitted to the remote monitoring center in real time and accurately, and is suitable for remote monitoring scenarios of large-scale mountain photovoltaic arrays; Wi-Fi communication is convenient for data interaction and monitoring between devices within the station within a short range; ZigBee communication, with its low power consumption and strong self-organizing networking capabilities, is suitable for data transmission between distributed sensor nodes and data acquisition modules, ensuring that even if the communication of some nodes is blocked in a complex mountain environment, the continuity of data transmission can still be maintained through self-organizing networking.

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